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第一作者：李红红（东北石油大学）、杨泽宁（东南大学）

通讯作者：李智君 教授（东北石油大学）

通讯单位：东北石油大学

论文DOI：

全文速览

东北石油大学李智君团队发展了一种自还原策略，在具有S空位的MoS2纳米片表面成功制备铁单原子催化剂（FeSA/MoS2）。结合DFT和一系列先进表征证实了孤立的铁单原子位于钼原子顶部，并与相邻的三个硫原子配位。该单原子催化剂在温和条件下对苯甲醇选择性氧化展现出优异的催化活性，转化频率（TOF）高达2105 h-1。此外，它具有良好的可循环利用性、贮存稳定性和底物耐受性。本工作以DFT计算为依据，深入研究了Fe单原子与载体MoS2之间强的相互作用，揭示了苯甲醇在选择性氧化为苯甲醛反应中的催化机理。本工作为设计高效、低成本的醇氧化单原子催化剂提供了思路。

背景介绍

醛和酮类化合物是合成精细化学品的关键中间体，广泛应用于化工、医药、香料等领域。该类化合物大多数是由醇的氧化反应制备，但通常使用昂贵且有毒的氧化剂，反应效率低下。虽然贵金属基催化剂对该反应表现出优异的催化活性，但其高昂的价格和稀缺的资源极大地限制了其广泛的应用。因此，开发高效的非贵金属多相催化剂体系具有重要意义。

近年来，单原子催化剂已成为材料科学和催化科学的前沿领域，这类催化剂具有高原子利用率、独特的量子尺寸效应和可调控的电子环境，在各类催化反应中表现出超高的活性和选择性。而二维过渡金属化合物由于存在多个电子自由度、可调控的带隙结构和优异的电子迁移率，为单原子催化剂的设计带来了新思路。鉴于此，作者利用自还原策略在缺陷MoS2表面制备了一种高活性的FeSA/MoS2单原子催化体系用于醇的选择性氧化。

本文亮点

1. 利用自还原策略在具有S空位的MoS2表面成功制备Fe单原子催化剂。

2. DFT计算表明含缺陷的MoS2可以在原子水平上锚定Fe单原子。

3. 该单原子催化剂在苯甲醇氧化反应中的高活性可归因于其独特的配位环境及电子结构。

图文解析

图1. FeSA/MoS2的合成路线及形貌表征

图1a为FeSA/MoS2的合成示意图。首先通过溶剂热法合成MoS2并进行H2O2处理得到具有S空位的MoS2，以FeCl3为铁源，通过浸渍、MPS等处理得到Fe单原子催化剂。SEM和TEM（图1b、c）可观察到催化剂为片状。球差电镜（图1e）给出了Fe原子存在的初步证据，EDS Mapping（图1f）可观察到Fe、S、Mo元素均匀分布于催化剂表面。

图2. 原子级别结构分析

XRD结果可排除大尺寸Fe纳米粒子的存在（图 1a）；XANES结果（图2d）表明催化剂中Fe原子的价态位于Fe2+和Fe3+之间；傅里叶变换结果表明催化剂中存在Fe-S键，无Fe-O及Fe-Fe键（图2e）。经拟合得到铁原子与周围硫原子的配位数为（图2f）。WT-EXAFS（图2g）进一步排除Fe纳米团簇的存在。图i和j表明Fe单原子的引入改变了催化剂的电子结构，更有利于对氧气的活化。

图3.催化性能测试

FeSA/MoS2在苯甲醇选择性氧化成苯甲醛方面具有优异的催化活性（1 atm O2 、120 ºC），在接近100 %的转化率下具有99 %的选择性。转化频率高达2105 h-1。该催化剂在温和条件下达到了较高的催化效果，优于大部分已报道的催化剂体系。动力学结果表明，FeSA/MoS2的 E a值比Fe NPs/MoS2和defective MoS2要低得多，表明Fe单原子的引入可显著降低催化反应能垒，提高催化剂催化活性。

图4. DFT计算结果

DFT计算表明孤立分散的Fe原子位于Mo顶位并形成独特的Fe1-S3配位结构。Bader电荷及DOS揭示了FeSA/MoS2中的电荷转移及其具有高催化剂活性的原因。

图5. 催化反应机理研究

密度泛函理论表明Fe1-S3配位结构的引入可显著降低苯甲醇选择氧化的反应能垒。这种较低的能垒和适中的吸附/脱附行为是FeSA/MoS2对该反应具有高效催化能力的本质原因。

表1. 底物拓展

鉴于FeSA/MoS2对苯甲醇氧化反应的高催化活性，作者评价了28种具有不同官能团的芳香醇和直链醇，均表现出较高的活性和选择性，具有较好的底物拓展能力。

总结与展望

本工作发展了一种简单的自还原策略在MoS2纳米片上构筑Fe单原子催化剂。利用球差校正电镜、XAFS等先进表征技术，揭示了单原子Fe的配位环境和电子结构。该催化剂在苯甲醇选择性氧化制苯甲醛中具有较高的催化能力，具有良好的稳定性、可回收性和底物拓展能力。DFT计算表明，FeSA/MoS2这种独特的Fe1-S3配位结构是其具有高催化活性的关键。该研究通过自发还原策略，在原子水平上为设计制备高效率、低成本、长寿命的单原子催化剂提供了新的思路。

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