如何有效记忆英语单词,词汇? 摘要:新英语课程的目标是提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性,因此在教学活动中,教师应该用不同的方法创造学习情境、激发学生的学习兴趣,从而提高学习效率。关键词:兴趣;词汇;情境;记忆。英语单词学习是整个英语学习的基础,每个小小的英语单词结合起来就组成了句子,多个句子构成整篇文章。学习英语最难的是单词的记忆。对于大部分学生来说,记忆单词没有什么好方法,只会死记硬背,机械地记忆单词的每个字母,这样不但记得不熟,而且还很容易忘记。 总之,在传统教学活动中,单词记忆采用的往往是读、背、写这种机械的记忆方法。读单词,背单词,写单词成为记忆的主要手段。所以,如何采用行之有效的记忆方法提高学生的单词记忆效果,一直是英语教师探索的焦点。 笔者认为通过老师和学生的共同努力,让英语课变得有趣,让学生在自我需要中学习英语,可以通过以下几个方面得以实现: 一、设最佳心理状态 1.要激起强烈的记忆欲望 首先要明确记忆目标。在自己想要记住某些单词之前,最好怀着强烈的记忆欲望,并赋予那些单词特殊的意义和价值。笔者曾做过这样的实验:在两个水平相当的班里同样要求学生用15分钟识记50个同样单词,但只对其中一个班说,15分钟之后要进行测试,选拔前10名在学校期中总结大会上表彰,并拍照放在学校橱窗里宣传,希望同学认真准备。实验结果如下:事先说过测试的班级,15分钟后能记住86%,3小时仍能记住60%;而另一个班效果却不佳,15分钟后只能记住50%,3小时仅能记住22%,两班成绩差距显著! 2.要促成稳定的愉悦心情 如上述实验中,作实验的那个班,当笔者宣布,他们英语测试成绩比对比班高出36分而获胜时,全体同学欢呼雀跃。紧接着笔者又公布了前10名获奖名单,并对他们进行了表彰,使课堂气氛走向高潮。临下课,笔者对当堂内容进行了测试,90分以上的有56人,占80%,是有史以来最好的课堂效果之一。课后,笔者在教后记里写下了这样的反思:这节课取得了令人满意的效果,我认为最主要的原因是学生受到适当的表扬和激励后,心情十分舒畅,精神放松,记忆通道畅通,形成记忆的最佳契机,记忆痕迹保持相对持久。作为教师应该努力创设教学情景,促成稳定的愉悦心情,促成学生最佳记忆状态的形成。 3.要树立强烈的自信心和成功感 现代教育心理学认为,一个人的成才与否,其智力因素和非智力因素都起至关重要的作用!而自信心又是非智力因素中极为重要的方面。如果学生认为学习外语很困难,那就真地会感到困难。但是,如果他充分认识了词汇在英语学习中的重要作用,坚信自己有非凡的语言才能和坚强的毅力,坚信困难只是暂时的,积极努力,百折不挠,就会使学习外语变得更加容易。 二、使用实物、图片、CAI等直观教学手段 文具、水果、食物、饮料、日常生活用品,这些单词都是可以用实物来呈现、操练的。就连动物,也可以将相关毛绒玩具带入课堂。遇到不便或不易带进课堂的物体,可采用图片进行教学,如plane、train、bookcase、table、cupboard等。如果一时找不到图片,也可以运用简单易行的简笔画,直接在黑板上画,边画边呈现,边画边操练。随着现代信息教育技术的广泛应用,多媒体辅助教学(CAI)越来越多地走进了英语课堂。CAI画面优美,音乐动听,能填补实物、图片的不足。特别在教学一些表示地点的单词,如zoo,park,supermarket,library,bedroom,sitting-room等时,它就比图片具有更多的信息量,更为学生所喜闻乐见。形象直观的实物、图片、CAI,生动活泼,视听结合,容易使学生加深印象,强化记忆,充分激发了学生的学习热情和学习兴趣。 三、动态课堂,寻找更多的精彩源泉 1.将学生崇拜的明星引入课堂 英语教学要善于利用中学生的心理特点来激发他们学习词汇的兴趣。这个年龄段的学生对成功所带来的美丽光环充满想象,他们热捧明星,视明星为偶像。笔者据此设计组织了课堂活动 Athletes and sports。这些体育明星们再次唤起了学生学习运动名称的兴趣和热情,学生饶有兴趣地学习刘翔所从事的hurdle race,田亮的diving,泰森的boxing,刘璇的gymnastics和舒马赫的rally等。 2.将音乐与课堂相结合 笔者在初二英语课中也作了一个教学实验,用一节课的时间教给学生一首英文歌曲“我心永恒”(美国影片《泰坦尼克号》主题曲)。这首旋律优美、节奏鲜明而又抒情味十足的英文歌曲,学生很快就学会了。学生就是在唱歌、感受音乐美的同时,牢牢记住了“heart”、“will”“go on”“forever”(心、将、继续、永远)等陌生单词。直到第三天、第四天以及以后的随时提问,学生都能迅速准确地书写出来。且大部分的同学对一些结构较为复杂、用法意义较为宽泛的短语也能准确默写、听写。单词掌握程度之深,让人惊叹。 四、在游戏中记忆单词 在单词记忆时应引入各种游戏,不仅能有效地调节英语学习的气氛,激发学生的学习爱好,还能促使学生以积极的心态,在活动中主动地记忆单词。 1.单词接龙游戏:多人合作,首先由任意一个学生说出一个单词,下一个学生说出的单词的第一个字母必须是上一个学生所说单词的尾字母,如此循环下去,不能重复同一个词,如有人在规定的时间内未说出单词,则被淘汰,剩下的学生继续游戏,谁坚持到最后谁就是获胜者。如:car—read—do—one—eat—ten—name--evening—game—English… 2.改头换拆词游戏:如多变的天气,用weather这七个字母能拼出多少个学过的单词? we/eat/at/tea/the/he/her/here/there/tree /are/where/hear/heart/what/water… 3.改头换面游戏:即在一个单词中增加、减少或改变一个字母使之成为一个新词。如:of—off/if,us—as/bus,know--now/known/knew,hair—chair/air,look—book/cook… 对于习惯机械记忆的学生,教师教学的主要任务是使学生通过思维去理解所学的内容,使所教内容在学生头脑中建立起多方面的联系。大量的日常经验和实验研究都证实,只有理解了的,有系统的知识,才能长久地保持在记忆中,并在需要时很快地提取出来。 所以,在教学中,教师可引导学生在理解中识记或识记时给材料人为地建立一些联系,这样的课堂是精彩的。在这样的课堂上,学生获得了多方面的满足和发展,教师的劳动也闪耀着智慧的光芒,师生都感觉到生命活力的涌动,这才是我们教学的理想境界。英语对照:How to effectively remember English words, vocabulary? Abstract: The new English curriculum aims to improve student interest in learning and motivation, so in teaching activities, teachers should use different methods to create learning contexts to stimulate students interest in learning, to enhance learning efficiency. Keywords: interest; vocabulary; situation; memory. English words to learn the entire English language learning, and each combination of a small English words on the formation of a sentence, multiple sentences constitute the entire article. The hardest part is learning English words of memory. For most students, there is no good way to remember the word, only by rote, mechanical memory word for each letter, so remember not only unfamiliar, and very easy to forget. In short, in the traditional teaching activities, the word is often used in memory reading, back, write the memory of this mechanical method. Read the word, back the word, write the word as the primary means of memory. Therefore, the memory of how to adopt effective means to enhance student word memory effect, has been the focus of English language teachers to explore. I believe that through the joint efforts of teachers and students, so that English classes more interesting for students to learn English in the self-needs can be achieved through the following areas: 1, let the best state of mind 1. To provoke a strong memories of desire First, goals must be clear memory. Want to remember certain words in their own before, the best memories with keen desire, and give those words a special meaning and value. I have done this experiment: in two comparable level of class also requires students to use the same 15 minutes memorizing 50 words, but only on one class, said 15 minutes later to test and selection of the top 10 in school Summary of the General Assembly on the recognition period, and took photos on the school windows publicity, wants them to make earnest preparations. The results are as follows: pre-mentioned test classes, after 15 minutes can remember 86%, 3 hours can still remember the 60%; while the other classes the result was not good, after 15 minutes only remember 50%, 3 hours Remember that only 22%, a significant gap between the two classes results! 2. To promote the joy of a stable mood As mentioned above experiment, for experiments that class, when I announced that their English test scores 36 points higher than the comparison class and won, all the students cheered. Then I also announced the top 10 list of winners, and they were recognized, so that the classroom atmosphere reach new heights. Pro class is, the author of the content when the Church has been tested, 90 points more than 56 people, accounting for 80%, a record for one of the best classroom results. After the lesson, where I teach postscript written such a reflection: This lesson has achieved satisfactory results, I think the main reason is that students are subject to the appropriate recognition and incentives, the mood is very relaxed, mental relaxation, memory the access to the best opportunity for the formation of memory, the memory trace remained relatively durable. As a teacher should strive to create teaching situations, to promote stability in the joy of feeling led to the formation of students in the state of the best memories. 3. We must establish a strong sense of self-confidence and success Modern educational psychology that a person's talent or not, its intellectual factors and non-intellectual factors have played a vital role! The self-confidence of non-intellectual factors also extremely important aspect. If students believe that learning a foreign language is difficult, it really will feel difficult. However, if he was fully aware of the vocabulary in English to learn the important role of faith in their own language of extraordinary talent and strong determination, convinced that the difficulties are temporary, positive efforts, indomitable will to make learning a foreign language easier. Second, the use of real objects and pictures, CAI and other visual means of teaching Stationery, fruit, food, beverages, daily necessities, these can all be used kind words to witness a training session. Even animals can also be related to plush toys into the classroom. Inconvenient or difficult experience into the classroom objects, images can be used for teaching, such as plane, train, bookcase, table, cupboard and so on. If you can not find pictures, you can also use a simple stick figure, directly on the blackboard painting, while painting while present, while painting while drilling. With modern information technology, education, the extensive application of multimedia-aided instruction (CAI) more and more into the English classroom. CAI beautiful pictures, music and sounds, to fill the physical, pictures deficiencies. Sites, especially in the teaching of some that the word, such as the zoo, park, supermarket, library, bedroom, sitting-room, etc., it has more informative than pictures, more loved by the students. Visual image of the physical, pictures, CAI, lively, audio-visual combination is easy for the students to a deeper impression, enhance memory, fully inspired the students enthusiasm and interest in learning. 3, dynamic classroom, looking for more exciting source of 1. The worship of the star into the classroom of students English teaching should be good at the use of the psychological characteristics of middle school students to stimulate their interest in learning vocabulary. This age the success of students brought a beautiful ring is full of imagination, they are sought-star, depending on the stars as their idols. Accordingly, the author organized classroom activities designed to Athletes and sports. These sports stars are once again aroused the students to learn the name of sports interest and enthusiasm, the students learn with interest Liu Xiang is engaged hurdle race, Tian Liang's diving, Tyson's boxing, Liu Xuan's gymnastics and Schumacher's rally, etc. . 2. The combination of music and the classroom In the second year I also made an English class teaching experiment, using the time to teach a lesson to the students an English song "My Heart Will Go On" (American film "Titanic" theme song). This is a wonderful melody, rhythm and lyrical yet distinct flavor of the English song, the students soon learned it. Student is singing, feel the music and at the same time, firmly remember the "heart", "will" "go on" "forever" (mind, will continue forever) and other unfamiliar words. Until the third day, fourth day and at any time after the questions, students could write them quickly and accurately. Most of the students and some of the more complex the structure, usage, the meaning of the phrase can also be more broad and accurate dictation, dictation. Grasp the extent of the depth of the word, amazing. Fourth, remember the word in the game Memory should be a word of introduction of various games, not only can effectively adjust the atmosphere of learning English to inspire love of learning, but also encourage students to adopt a positive attitude, take the initiative in the activity memory of words. 1. Word word games: Multiplayer co-operation, first of all by any one student to say a word, the next students to elaborate on the first letter of the word must be said, a student on the end of the letter word, and so on down, could not repeat the same a word, if a person does not speak within the time prescribed words, were eliminated, the remaining students to continue the game, who stick to the end who is the winner. Such as: car-read-do-one-eat-ten-name - evening-game-English ... 2. To change the first word game for demolition: If the changeable weather, with the weather these seven letters to spell out the number of learned words? we / eat / at / tea / the / he / her / here / there / tree / are / where / hear / heart / what / water ... 3. A face-lift game: namely, that a word in the increase, decrease or change one letter to become a new word. Such as: of-off/if, us-as/bus, know--now/known/knew, hair-chair/air, look-book/cook ... For the habit of mechanical memory, students, teachers, teaching main task is to enable students to understand what they have learned by thinking about the content, so that the content taught in the minds of students to establish numerous contacts. A large number of everyday experience and experimental studies have confirmed that only understand, there are systems of knowledge, in order to maintain the long-term memory, and, if necessary quickly extracted. So, in teaching, teachers can guide students in understanding or memorizing memorizing material, when to artificially set up some links, such a classroom is wonderful. In this classroom, students receive a wide range of satisfaction and development, and teacher's labor is also shining light of wisdom, teachers and students feel the vitality of the surging, and this is our ideal of teaching.
英语论文格式模板
英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。
英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距 cm,左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。
字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。
行距:单倍行距。
页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。
文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。
数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)
图表:
标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。
位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。
底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。
照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。
扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。
作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。
基本论文格式
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。
7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。
8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。
9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。
10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。
11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
文献注释
注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:
①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容,下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板,希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
Background of the Research 9
Significance of the Research 9-10
Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
Subjects 19-20
Observed teaching tasks 20-21
Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
Research method 22-24
Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
Conclusions 51-53
Pedagogical Implications 53-54
Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
Research Questions 11
The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
The Content of teaching journal 17-20
Reflective level 20
The styles of teaching journal 20-24
Design 24-26
Purpose of Research 24
Subjects 24
Instruments 24-25
Procesures of research 25
Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
Present findings 56
Limitations 56-57
Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
Research background 8
Significance of the study 8-10
Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
Language learning strategies 12-15
Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
Classification of learning strategies 13-14
Studies on learning strategies 14-15
Language learning styles 15-18
Definition of language learning style 15
Classification of language learning style 15-17
Studies on language learning style 17-18
Learning strategies training 18-19
. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
Purposes 22
Hypotheses 22
Research participants 22-23
Instruments of the research 23-24
Questionnaire 23
Observation 23-24
Procedures 24-33
Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
Results of the questionnaire 33-43
The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
Discussion 43-47
The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
Major findings 47-48
The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
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