威尼斯商人论文常用英文文献

估计你和我一样是要写英文的吧。那首先就是要组织好语言了。然后要注意文献综述格式，它分为：1.引言：包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、正文的标题及基本内容提要；2.正文：是文献综述的主要内容，包括历史 (寻求研究问题的发展历程)、基本内容 (寻求认识的进步)， 研究方法的分析(寻求研究方法的借鉴)，所要表达的问题，重点、详尽地阐述对当前社会或对你有哪些的影响及发展趋势，这样不但可以使别人看到你的研究方向，而且便于别了解这个课题研究的起点和切入点，是在他人研究的基础上有所创新；3.结论：概括指出自己对该课题的研究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等；4.附录：列出参考文献，说明文献综述所依据的资料，增加综述的可信度，便于读者进一步检索。所以你在写的时候千万不要对已有文献重复、罗列和只进行一般性介绍，而应是对以往研究的优点、不足和贡献的批判性分析与评论。文献综述应包括综合提炼和分析评论双重含义。首先你看你对《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克是怎么看的，对他的性格特点进行分析。然后再结合别人对他的评论述说一些自己独到的见解，对这个人物进行综合分析。建议去看《威尼斯商人》的原版英文影片，或去看莎翁的原版英文书。对写作大有帮助。因为字数可能要很多。但格式不变。还可以通过夏洛克这个莎翁笔下的犹太人的形象入手分析。比如说现在已经很少有人说到犹太人会想到莎翁笔下的夏洛克的形象了。大多数的人都会觉得犹太人是生意场上的能手，是很聪明的人。并不会将其作为反向的意思。所以你可以利用人物在现代和从前的不同的人对犹太人的评价的观念来作论述。这样字数就多了，也更生动了。 答案补充 然后就是可以分析一下Portia这个女人英雄式的角色了。就是她又作为妻子，又要冒险假扮成判官的形象。你要看你是怎么想的。对她怎么看的，这个人物如果分析起来是可以比Shylock写的字数还要多的。正好这是两个一正一反的角色形象。所以也为你的文献综述提供了很好的材料。加油。会写得很不错的。

《威尼斯商人》 是莎士比亚早期的重要作品，是一部具有极大讽刺性的喜剧。大约作于1596~1597年。剧本的主题是歌颂仁爱、友谊和爱情，同时也反映了资本主义早期商业资产阶级与高利贷者之间的矛盾，表现了作者对资产阶级社会中金钱、法律和宗教等问题的人文主义思想。这部剧作的一个重要文学成就，就是塑造了夏洛克这一惟利是图、冷酷无情的高利贷者的典型形象。"Merchant of Venice" is an important early works of Shakespeare, is a great satirical comedy. About as in 1596 - 1597. Screenplay sing the theme of love, friendship and love, but also reflects the contradictions of capitalism and usurers early commercial bourgeoisie between the performance of the author of bourgeois society, such as money, legal and religious issues humanism. This plays an important literary achievements, is the shape of the typical image of Shylock the mercenary, heartless usurer.

威尼斯商人》英文简介:Maurice, Sami, Simon, Elie and Edouard are still unknown actors despite their late thirties. But one day, Grinchenberg, the famous American director, comes to Paris looking for the lead role in his Yiddish adaptation of the Merchant of Venice. Maurice gets the part! It is the major breakthrough he has been waiting for. He rushes home to proudly announce the big news to his wife Perla. But Perla also has news for him: she is very ill. Unfortunately, the part eventually goes to a famous American star. Maurice doesn't have the heart to tell Perla, so with his friends' help, he will go all the way to make his wife believe that he still has the part, and will end up playing the role of his life to protect her

【英文简介】THE BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE MERCHANT OF VENICEThe Merchant of Venice was considered Shakespeare’s most controversial play and one of the most wonderful masterpieces of describing misers in the literature. The merchant of Venice was written by Shakespeare at the end few years of the 1590s. During these years, British social contradictions gradually sharpen up which result in his deep think of his humanistic and British reality, at that time, the oppression that Jews were suffering in British was more serious than in any other countries in Europe. Jews at that time lived a difficult life. They were suppressed seriously; therefore they have to make living by lending out money at an exorbitant rate of interest. We all know Shylock is a typical affronted Jew in this play. He was a scrivener in this play. At that time, a young man named Bassano who heard about news that Portia, a rich man’s daughter, she got three boxes: a gold box, a silver box, and a lead one. If somebody chosen the box contained her portrait, then she would marry the man. Therefore, he determined to win Portia. However, he needed three thousand ducats to reach his goal. For lack of money, he had to turn to his good friend, a rich merchant Antonio for help. Unfortunately, at this time, Antonio’s money was put into the business and he could not withdraw it right now. To help his best friend, he was forced to borrow money from a wealthy Jewish scrivener as well as usury. Although he promised to lend him the money. He put forward a strange request that if Antonio could not repay the debt on time, he could cut a pound of flesh from Antonio’s body. And Antonio signed the contact. Fortunately, in the end, shylock was defeated by Portia’s wit and intelligence.【读后感】Generally speaking, shylock always left a cruel, greedy and gainful money-lender image to the readers of The Merchant of Venice. He considered treasure as the most important things in his life even more important than his daughter. When his daughter ran away with a large amount of jewels which were stolen from his, he can not help shouting and curing his daughter to die immediately. How merciless the father is! He was also a hypocritical and cunning businessman. We can seen from this play, when he came on the stage in the first time, he just keep swearing to the god that if he got some treasure, he must do something good and help the poor leave the poverty. However, when he became a wealthy man, he do the exactly the opposite things such as exploit people, being rude to the poor, and cheating. On the one hand, he is a typical heartless miser in keeping money. On the other hand, he is also a pitiful victim at that time. He is an affronted Jew who suffered much in the hands of the Christians. At that time, shylock dared to allocate assert in case his assert being expropriated and he had to make living by lending out money at an exorbitant rate of interest. In some degree, he was also a brave resistant who was suffering from the pressure of racial discrimination. He dared to require justice and to revenge against his enemies. His perseverance and strong mind are also of irresistible charm to the audience in our modern society. Therefore, we should not only just criticize shylock as a bloody capitalism, but also an oppressor who was fight against the unfair treatment in different races and nations.

The Merchant of Venice (II)原文：The Merchant of Venice（II）PART 1D: Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. Do not be so : I've promised to take my pound of flesh. If you do not let me have it, that will be a sign of weakness and no one will trust your laws any more. The greatness of Venice will soon be lost. Antonio is my enemy, and I hate : Do all men kill the things they do not love?译文：第一部分公爵：宽恕安东尼奥吧，夏洛克，别这样怀恨在心。夏洛克：我说过一定要拿走我应得的那一磅肉。要是您不准许我得到它，那将是一种软弱的表现，人们将不再信你们的法律了。威尼斯不久就会丧失它的伟大。安东尼奥是我的敌人，我恨他。巴萨尼奥：难道所有的人都要铲除他们所不爱的东西吗？A: It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. Don't wait any longer. Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he : I'll pay you six thousand ducats for the three thousand ducats that Antonio : If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh. Give me my pound of flesh!D: Let us be calm, gentlemen. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?S: I have done nothing wrong and I fear no judgement. I desire my pound of the Duke is wondering what to do, Nerissa, dressed like a lawyer's clerk, arrives with a letter from the famous lawyer whom Portia has visited. While the Duke is talking to Nerissa, Shylock gets ready to cut his pound of flesh from the letter is read out for all in the court to hear. "I am very ill. When your letter reached me, I had with me a .learned young doctor from Rome. I told him about the quarrel between Shylock and Antonio. We studied many lawbooks and he knows what I would say. I ask you to let him stand in my place and give judgement. He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head."After the letter has been read out to the court, Portia, in lawyer's clothes, enters the room and takes her seat as judge.安东尼奥：跟夏洛克讲理是没有用的。别再等待了。对我宣判吧，把夏洛克想要得到的东西给他。巴萨尼奥：我将付给你六千块钱，用来归还安东尼奥借的那三千块钱。夏洛克：即使你愿意我六倍于你刚才提出的钱数，我仍然要拿我应得的那一磅肉。把那一磅肉判给我！公爵：先生们，请安静。夏洛克，如果你不宽恕别人，你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？夏洛克：我并没有做错事，我不怕审判。我要求给我应得的那一磅肉。正当公爵不知道应该怎么办的时候，尼莉莎打扮成一个律师的书记员，带着鲍西娅刚拜访过的那位著名的律师的一封信，来到法庭。当公爵与尼莉莎谈话时，夏洛克准备好要从安东尼奥身上割下他应得的一磅肉。这时，当庭宣读了律师的信。"我重病缠身。收到你的信时，我正同一位从罗马来的很有学问的年轻博士在一起。我把夏洛克与安东尼奥之间的争执对他讲了。我们研究了很多法典，因此他知道我想要说的话。我请您让他替我作出判决。他很年轻，但是，我还从来不知道有这么年轻又这么聪明的人。"这封信当庭宣读之后，鲍西娅穿着律师的衣服进屋来了。她作为法官就座了。PART 2D: Greetings, learned judge! I do not envy you your job. This is a most troublesome : Greetings! Please be seated. Are you Antonio, and is this your agreement with Shylock?A: It : Then Shylock must be merciful. He must have mercy on : Why must I have mercy on him? Tell me that!P: Mercy brings good. Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth. It blesses those who give it, and those who receive it. We should learn to show mercy to others. Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? S: I ask for what is mine by law!B: I offer ten times the money that Antonio has borrowed. Please change the law a little so that we may save : Use your head a little, sir! We cannot change a law. If one law is changed, then people will later want to change other : Oh, wise young judge!P: Let me see this agreement, this promise of Antonio to : Here it : I see. According to the law, Shylock may have a pound of flesh to be cut off by him nearest to Antonio's heart. Be merciful! Let me destroy this Then, Antonio, be ready. And Shylock, take your knife and prepare to do the deed.公爵；您好，博学的法官！我并不羡慕您的职业。这是一个最麻烦的案子。鲍西娅：您好！请坐下。你叫安东尼奥吗？这是你与夏洛克签订的借约吗？安东尼奥；是的。鲍西娅：那么，夏洛克可得大发慈悲才是。他可得宽恕安东尼奥啊。夏洛克：为什么我必得宽恕他呢？请告诉我这一点！鲍西娅：慈悲带来益处。慈悲像甘露从天空中降到地面上，它不但赐福施予的人，而且赐福于受施的人。我们应该学会宽恕他人。你还要求得到这一磅肉吗？夏洛克：我要求得到根据法律属于我的东西。巴萨尼奥：我愿出十倍于安东尼奥的借款，请您把法律稍为变更一下，使我们能够救出安东尼奥的生命。鲍西娅：请用你的脑袋想一想，先生。我们不能变更法律，要是变更了一条法律，那么人们还会要变更别的法律的。夏洛克：噢，聪明年轻的法官啊！鲍西娅；让我看一看借约，就是安东尼奥向你许下的诺言。夏活克：给您。鲍西娅：我明白了。根据法律，夏洛克可以得到一磅肉，由他从最靠近安东尼奥心脏的部位割下来。慈悲一点吧！让我撕毁这张借约吧。不能撕？那么，安东尼奥，你做好准备；夏洛克，拿起你的刀子准备割肉吧。S: Oh, learned judge! Oh, wise young man!P: Have you brought anything to weigh the flesh?S: Yes. I have everything ready : Do you have a doctor, Shylock, to stop Antonio's blood?B: That fox!P: Do you wish to say anything, Antonio?A: Only a little. Goodbye Bassanio. Don't be sad for me. Tell your wife about me and how much I loved you. If Shylock cuts deep enough, I'll pay him back with all my : Let me take you in my arms and say goodbye. I love you more than my own life, more than my wife, and more than all the world. (He cries.)P: Your wife would not be pleased to hear you say : We are wasting : Take your pound of flesh! I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to advances towards Antonio and prepares to use his : Wait! There is something else. Antonio has promised to give you a pound of his flesh. But he has not promised to give you any of his blood. If you let one drop of his blood fall, you will lose all your land and all your : Is that the law?P: That is the law. You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. : I will take the money. Give me three more than Antonio borrowed from me.夏洛克；噢，博学的法官！噢，聪明的年轻人！鲍西娅：你带来了称肉的器具吗？夏洛克：是的。我把一切都准备好了。 鲍西娅：夏洛克，你是否请了医生来给安东尼奥止血呢？夏洛克：借约上可没有这一条。巴萨尼奥：你这只狐狸！鲍西娅：安东尼奥，你还想说什么吗？安东尼奥：我只想说一点。巴萨尼奥，永别了。不要为我悲伤。把我的情况告诉你的妻子，对她说我多么爱你。要是夏洛克割得够深的话，我就要以整个心偿还他的债了。巴萨尼奥：让我拥抱你一下，说声再见吧。我爱你胜过爱我自己的生命、自己的妻子和整个世界。（他哭了。）鲍西娅：你的妻子听到你那么说是会不高兴的。夏洛克：我们是在浪费时间。鲍西娅：割走你要的那一磅肉吗！我宣布法庭许可你（这样做），法律（把它）判给你。（夏洛克走向安东尼奥，准备动他的刀子。）鲍西娅：且慢！事情还没完。安东尼奥许诺给你他身上的一磅肉。但是他并没有答应给你他身上的任何一滴血。要是你让他身上的血流下一滴，你将失去你所有的土地和财产。夏洛克：法律上是这样说的吗？鲍西娅：这就是法律。你要求公正，那么就让你得到公正吗，比你要求的还要多。夏洛克：我愿意要钱。请给我加三倍还给我安东尼奥向我借的钱。B: Here it is. (He cries out, full of joy.)P: Wait! Shylock would not take the money earlier. All he wanted was right to be done. That is all he can have now. you must cut off one pound of flesh, no more, no less. And not one drop of blood must turns and starts to leave the : Wait, Shylock. The law of Venice says that if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of Venice, everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. One half of his money and his goods shall be given to the city of Venice and the other half shall be given to the person he has tried to kill. His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke. therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for : Good sir. I beg for mercy and beg your pardon..D: I shall not have you killed. But as your punishment, half of your money is now Antonio's. You must give the other half to the city of : Take my life too! My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself. They are my only comfort. When you take those away from me, you also take my : I shall be happy to give up my part of Shylock's money. Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her : I promise. Let me go home now. I am not well.相关链接： The Merchant of Venice(I)巴萨尼奥：钱在这儿。（他满怀喜悦地喊了出来。）鲍西娅：别忙！夏洛克先前已经拒绝要钱了。他所要求的只是公正。这是他现在所能得到的一切。你必须割下整一磅肉，不准多也不准少。而且不准流一滴血。（夏洛克转过身，要离开法庭。）鲍西娅：等一等，夏洛克。威尼斯的法律规定任何企图杀害或谋害任何威尼斯公民的人，他所有的一切必须被没收。他的钱和财产的一半必须给威尼斯城，另一半必须给他企图杀害的人。他的生命全凭公爵处置。因此你快快跪下请求公爵开恩吧。夏洛克：仁慈的先生，我乞求你的饶恕和原谅。公爵：我将不处死你，但是作为对你的惩罚，你的财产的一半现在是安东尼奥的了。你必须把另一半交给威尼斯城。夏洛克：把我的命也拿走吧！我的钱财对我就像生命一样宝贵。它们是我唯一的安慰。你们没收了我的财物，也就是要了我的命。安东尼奥：我将高兴地放弃我应得的夏洛克财产的那一半。夏洛克必须答应在他死后把这笔财产留给他的女儿和女婿。夏洛克：我答应。现在让我回家吧。我不舒服。

简介：Antonio, a merchant of Venice, was a generous rich merchant, which was contrary to Shylock's usury policy.

Antonio's good friend Bassanio asked him to borrow 3000 gold coins because he wanted to propose to Portia, a beautiful girl who inherited a fortune in Belmont.

Antonio had no money left around him. He had to borrow 3000 gold coins from Shylock with his merchant ship that had not returned to Hong Kong as collateral.

Shylock hated Antonio because Antonio lent money without interest, affected the usury industry and insulted himself. He took the opportunity of signing the loan contract to set up a trap and wait for revenge.

威尼斯商人安东尼奥是个宽厚为怀的富商，与另外一位犹太人夏洛克的高利贷政策恰恰相反。

安东尼奥的一位好朋友巴萨尼奥因要向贝尔蒙特的一位继承了万贯家财的美丽女郎鲍西娅求婚，而向他告贷三千块金币，而安东尼奥身边已无余钱，只有向夏洛克以他那尚未回港的商船为抵押品，借三千块金币。

夏洛克因为安东尼奥借钱给人不要利息，影响高利贷行业，又侮辱过自己，所以仇恨安东尼奥，乘签订借款契约之机设下圈套，伺机报复。

Set in the lavish era of 16th century Venice, Shakespeare's most powerful play comes to bear in Michael Radford's THE MERCHANT OF VENICE, which follows the interlocking lives of a captivating assortment of classic Shakespearean (Joseph Fiennes) is the typical Elizabethan lover and aristocrat �young, impulsive and romantic �whose lavish lifestyle has left him deep in debt and desperately in love with the fair Portia (Lynn Collins) of Belmont. But to win her hand, he must prove his worth. To prove his worth, he must not only raise money he doesn't have, but he must also correctly solve the riddle of matrimony bequeathed by Portia's late to call Portia his bride, Bassanio employs the support of his dear friend Antonio (Jeremy Irons), a successful merchant residing in Venice. But with no word from his trading fleet, Antonio is short of resources and must use his credit for a loan. This loan comes in the form of Shylock (Al Pacino), a Jewish loan shark who, like all his people, is forced to live in "ghettoes" and has limited access to the , all is not as it appears between Antonio and Shylock. Antonio has publicly denounced Shylock and other Jews for their practice of usury (loaning money at exorbitant rates of interest), and consistently hurts their business by offering loans with no interest. This set of circumstances, along with the persecution of Jews at the time, has made Shylock spiteful towards Antonio, who jumps at the chance to have the merchant in his , this time Shylock decides to offer his loan at no interest; instead, he demands a pound of flesh from Antonio if his loan is not repaid on time. Confident that Bassanio will return his good fortune three times over, Antonio agrees to the unusual Bassanio travels to Belmont with Gratiano (Kris Marshall) to woo his beloved, other events threaten to ruin his quest before it is fulfilled. Portia, in the company of her lady-in-waiting Nerissa (Heather Goldenhersh), has already been welcoming potential suitors, who at any time could solve the mystery of her father's will which states that she must marry the man who correctly chooses one of three Antonio's trade ships fail to produce any profit for the merchant. And, Shylock's daughter Jessica (Zuleikha Robinson) impulsively elopes with Bassanio's friend Lorenzo (Charlie Cox); in the process, she escapes with a fair amount of her father's personal wealth. This shatters Shylock to the core and causes him to focus all his energy on the repayment of the debt, almost taking out a lifetime of discrimination on the hearing of his friend's set of circumstances, Bassanio leaves Belmont and rushes home to find a solution to Antonio's predicament. But before Bassanio can arrive home, the loan is declared in default and the distraught and semi-deranged Shylock demands his pound of flesh from Antonio in order to fully seek his Duke (Anton Rodgers), the reigning power in the city, has called a legal expert to the court to proceed over these extraordinary hearings �is Antonio truly in default on his loan? Is the payment that Shylock is asking for justified? Can Bassanio return in time to save Antonio? In true Shakespearean fashion, all is not as it seems in a story wrought with morality, revenge, redemption and 英文原版中文版