纳税筹划论文英文参考文献

I issue you oh, my just participated in tax revenue preparation training! Tax revenue preparation First lecture of tax revenue outline First, our country present tax law system content. The our country present tax system speaking of its substantive law, after is the founding of the nation passes through several times of bigger reforms by □i the evolution but Lei, approximately divides into six kinds according to its nature and the function: (1) pasts the tax class. Including increment duty, excise tax, business tax. Mainly in the production, the circulation or service industry displays the control action. (2) resources tax class. Including resources tax, cities land use tax. Mainly is to because of the development and the grading income display control action which forms using the natural resource difference. (3) income tax class. Including enterprise income tax, foreign investment enterprise and foreign enterprise income tax, personal income tax. Mainly is forms after the national income, to produces operator's profit individual net income display control action. (4) specific goal tax class. The city maintenance 建设税, the land increment duty, the vehicles purchase tax, the cultivated land take the tax. Mainly is for achieve the specific goal, to specific object and specific behavior display control action. (5) property and behavior tax class. Including property tax, city real estate tax, the vehicle ship use tax, the vehicle ship uses the fee of permit, the stamp duty, 屠宰税, 契税. Mainly is to certain properties and the behavior display control action. (6) customs duty. Mainly is to the turnover our country border cargo, the goods levies. The above 税种 center customs duty responsibly levies the management by the customs, other 税种 responsibly levy the management by the tax affairs institution. Second, tax affairs organization establishment and tax revenue collection scope division. (1) tax bureau. Including the province, the autonomous region, the municipality country tax bureau, the area, the level city, the autonomous prefecture, the pledge country tax bureau, the county, the county level city, the flag country tax bureau, levies the sub-bureau, the tax affairs institute. (2) place tax bureau. Including the province, the autonomous region, the municipality place tax bureau, the area, the level city, the autonomous prefecture, the pledge place tax bureau, the county, the county level city, the flag place tax bureau, levies the sub-bureau, the tax affairs institute. Third, the tax revenue levies the management scope division (1) national tax bureau system collection project: The increment duty, the excise tax, the vehicles purchase tax, the railroad department, various banks general headquarters, each insurance main corporation concentrate the business tax, the income tax, the city maintenance which pays 建设税, the central enterprise pays the income tax, the central committee and the place respective enterprise, the institution compose the joint management enterprise, the stock-company type enterprise pay the income tax, the place bank, the non- bank finance enterprise pays the income tax, the sea petroleum enterprise pays the income tax, the resources tax, the foreign investment enterprise and the foreign enterprise income tax, proves the volume transaction tax, in the personal income tax the part which obtained levies to the savings deposit interest, the central tax fine for delayed payment, pays a past-due tax, the fine. (2) place tax bureau system collection project: The business tax, the city maintenance 建设税 (including above by national tax bureau is not the income tax, the personal income tax which collection part) the original place state-owned enterprise, the collective enterprise, and the private enterprise pays (not including above part which obtained levies by national tax bureau system collection savings deposit interest), the resources tax, the cities land use tax, the farming takes the tax, the land increment duty, the property tax, the city real estate tax, the vehicle ship use tax (on January 1, 2007 gets up by original vehicle ship use tax and vehicle ship use fee of permit merge revision), the stamp duty, 契税, 屠宰税, the banquet tax and its the place attach, the local tax fine for delayed payment, pays a past-due tax, the fine. Based on 国税 sends [ 2002 ] the 8th article notice stipulation; On January 1, 2002 gets up, handles the company in all levels of industry and commerce administration department which the establishment (starts doing business) registers, its enterprise income tax responsibly levies the management by the national tax bureau. (3) central authorities and the local authority tax revenue income divides 1st, central authorities fixed income: The excise tax, the vehicles purchase tax, the customs duty, the customs generation drafts import link increment duty and so on 2nd, local authority fixed income: The cities land use tax, the cultivated land take tax, land increment duty, property tax, city real estate tax, the vehicle ship use tax, 契税 and so on. 3rd, the central authorities and the local authority share the income: (1) the increment duty (not import link increment duty which drafts including customs generation): The central authorities share 75% local authority to share 25% (2) business tax: The Ministry of Railways, various banks general headquarters, each insurance company main corporation concentrates the part which pays to turn over to the central authorities, other turn over to the local authority. (3) enterprise income tax, foreign investment enterprise and foreign enterprise income tax: The Ministry of Railways, various banks general headquarters and the sea petroleum enterprise pays the part turns over to the central authorities, other parts of central authorities share 60%, the local authority share 40% (4) personal income tax: Besides the savings deposit interest personal income tax, other parts of central authorities share 60 % The local authority shares 40% (5) resources tax: The sea petroleum enterprise pays the part turns over to the central authorities, other parts turn over to the local authority. (6) city maintenance 建设税: The Ministry of Railways, various banks general headquarters, each insurance company concentrate the part which pays to turn over to the central authorities, other turn over to the local authority. (7) stamp duty: The card □□ transaction stamp duty income 94% turns over to the central authorities, other 6% and other stamp duty income turn over to the local authority. Second lecture of increment duty The increment duty is sells the cargo to our country within the boundaries of or provides the processing, the repair makes repairs the service, as well as the import cargo unit and individual, it obtains the cargo or the dutiable service sales volume, as well as the import cargo amount computation tax money, and the implementation tax money arrives buckles the system one kind to past the tax. First, taxation scope (1) sales or import cargo (2) provides the processing, the repair makes repairs the service (3) regards with the sales cargo behavior 1st, pays the cargo the other people to sell goods for the state 2nd, the sale sells goods for the state the cargo 3rd, is equipped with two above organizations and the implementation unifications calculation taxpayer, transfers the cargo from an organization to other organizations uses in to sell, but the correlation organization is located in identical county (city) being an exception 4th, from will produce or the request processing cargo uses in the non- dutiable project 5th, from will produce, the request processing or the purchase cargo behavior investment, will provide for other units or the individual operator 6th, from will produce, the request processing either the purchase cargo assigns for the shareholder or the investor 7th, from will produce, the request processing cargo uses in the collective welfare or the individual consumption 8th, from will produce, the request processing or the purchase cargo free bestows the other people (4) mix sale behavior A sales behavior if both involves the increment duty dutiable cargo and to involve the non- dutiable service, for the mix sale behavior, specifically said, the non- dutiable service is for directly sells, the two which one batch of cargos provides is the close connected subordinate relations. If for sells transportation service which this enterprise product provides; Receivable bill opposite party pastes the interest and so on. (5) concurrently camp non- dutiable service behavior Increment duty taxpayer concurrently camp non- dutiable service, if not separately calculates its sales volume and the turnover, one and levies the increment duty. Second, taxpayer (1) small scale taxpayer 1st, production configuration enterprise, year sales volume below 1000000 2nd, retail sales, wholesale commercial department, year sales volume below 1800000 (2) common taxpayer 1st, the year sales volume surpasses the stipulation standard 2nd, the production configuration enterprise conforms to the common taxpayer to recognize the condition, the newspaper authorizes by the tax affairs department, to recognize for the temporary common taxpayer, the year examines qualified transfers the common taxpayer. 3rd, business trade enterprise reports by the tax affairs department authorizes to recognize the common taxpayer, the tax payment counselling time is ordinary many to 6 months, each time sells the special-purpose receipt quantity in the counselling time not to have to surpass 25; High writes a check the quota not to surpass 10,000 Yuan; The same month authentication income tax amount, next time will be able to arrive at the buckle; The enterprise buys the quantity according to each time the collar not to be able □ the crane surprised rheumatism to unite □ the camp need, may apply once more, but must press down the special-purpose receipt sales volume which collar buys and draws up 4% to deliver in advance the increment duty, delivers in advance the increment duty may arrive in this time due payment tax amount reduces. Third, tax rate (1) basic tax rate 17% (2) low tax rate 13% (3) levying rate commercial department small scale tax payment artificial 4%; Other enterprise small scale tax payments artificial 6% Fourth, the computation sells the tax amount sales volume confirmation Under (1) general sales way sales volume confirmed that, To buys outside the complete cost and the price which the buyer gathers the expense (handling charge, subsidy, fund, collection fee, returns profit, penalty, deferred payment interest, 包装费, packing material deposit, and so on outside each kind of nature price collects fees) Under (2) different sales way sales volume confirmation 1st, the discount sale (because buys supplier to purchase merchandise quantity to be bigger and so on reason for buys supplier price preferential benefit): If sells 折扣额 separately indicates on the identical receipt, may after the discount remaining sum computation increment duty, if writes the receipt in addition, how no matter the finance does process, does not have to deduct. 2nd, the sales discount (is for encourage to buy supplier early to pay money promises for buys supplier one kind of preferential benefit): Does not have the abatement 计税 from the sales volume. 3rd, sells the booklet to let (after is because sells occurs because cargo variety quality causes sales volume reduction), may fold lets after the loans for the sales volume computation increment duty. 4th, adopts to old exchanges the way sale (taxpayer when sells the oneself cargo, paid recycling second hand goods behavior) Should according to the new goods same time selling price definite sales volume. Does not have to deduct the second hand goods purchase price (money jewelry to old to exchange service to be an exception) After 5th, takes repays principal the sales way sale (sales cargo, either returns at different times to certain deadline by seller for buys supplier completely or partial costs) Its sales volume is the cargo selling price, does not have to deduct from the sales volume repays principal the disbursement 6th, adopts by the thing easy way sale (to refer to buying and selling both sides mutually to settle accounts by same level cost cargo) Both sides both should make buying and selling processing, to the cargo calculation sales volume computation which respectively sends out sells a tax 7th, packing material deposit: Alone records account calculation the packing material deposit, the time within a year, also not expired, does not merge the sales volume 计税, outside, but to exceeds the time limit has not drawn back or year above deposit fixes a price the income and counts the sales volume 计税. 8th, old machine, old vehicle sale: The selling price has not surpassed the original value, exemption increment duty Fourth, income tax amount computation (1) permits arrives at the buckle the income tax amount The increment tax amount from the seller which 1st, which obtains on the increment duty special-purpose receipt indicates 2nd, obtains the increment tax amount from the customs which pays duty in the certificate to indicate 3rd, the agricultural product which buys into to the agricultural producer or the small scale taxpayer, according to purchases the cost which in the certificate indicates, according to 13% deduction rate computation income tax amount, from when the time sells in the item to deduct 4th, buys from outside the transport expense which the cargo (fixed asset is an exception) pays according to the transport expense (including construction fund) The amount 7% deduction rate computation income tax amount arrives at the buckle 5th, gets up from December 1, 2004, the increment duty common taxpayer purchases the tax to control the increment tax amount which the cash register pays, permits in when the time arrives at the buckle (2) does not have to arrive at the income tax amount which buckles 1st, purchases the fixed asset 2nd, uses in a non- dutiable goal to purchase the cargo or the dutiable service 3rd, uses in the tax-free goal to purchase the cargo or the dutiable service 4th, uses in the collective welfare or the individual consumption purchases the cargo or the dutiable service 5th, the unusual loss purchases the cargo 6th, the unusual loss purchases the cargo or the dutiable service which in the product, the finished product consumes 7th, has not obtained and the preserved increment duty 扣税 certificate according to the stipulation, or has not arrived at the income tax amount according to the stipulation application which buckles Fifth, the use increment duty receipt should pay attention question (1) in obtains in front of the common taxpayer qualifications from to buy the increment duty special-purpose receipt which the supplier obtains not to give arrives at the buckle (2) obtains the increment duty special-purpose receipt, the customs pay duty tax law and so on certificate stipulated may arrive at the certificate which buckles in, must in draw up the date 90 to open authenticates to the tax affairs institution, otherwise does not give arrives at the buckle (3) sixth branch after authentication income tax amount, if this cargo change use, < uses in the above (2) project > to be supposed to make the income tax amount in the same month to exit like uses in to construct the project, the staff benefit, the overseas Lei material processes the duplicate exportation, the feeding processing domestic carry-over, the goods in stock 盘亏 damages and so on (4) the increment duty special-purpose receipt which obtains according to the stipulation (money for a ticket symbol, only has not obtained records account association or arrives buckles association) (5) (has not established receipt control system, non- specialist according to the stipulation storage increment duty special-purpose receipt takes care of, does not have specially deposits place, has not bound book according to request, arbitrarily destroys basic association order, loss receipt, damages special-purpose receipt and so on) (6) does not have to draw up at will red flushes the increment duty special-purpose receipt (7) exports the cargo to be supposed to draw back the tax amount (production enterprise to export cargo to exempt, to arrive at, draws back Shanghai report form 19 items), will be supposed to the tax reimbursement declaration next time increment duty Shanghai report form 15 prompt declaration

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则上说，税务筹划可以针对一切税种，只是不同税种的税负弹性大小是不同的，这主要取决于各税种的不同内在要素：a.税基；b.税收扣除；c.税率；d.税收优惠。税基越宽，税率越高，税负就越重；或者说税收扣除越大，税收优惠越多，税负就越轻。不难看出，从税种来说，企业所得税、个人所得税等税种的税负弹性较大，因为不论是税基的宽窄、税率的高低、扣除额的大小，还是优惠的多少都有较大的弹性幅度；从行业和企业类型来说，外资企业、高新技术企业以及国家照顾、鼓励发展的一些行业可以获得较多的优惠政策，筹划的相对空间也比较大。在实际工作中，我们应该从税负弹性较大的税种———企业所得税入手，结合纳税筹划的基本方法和企业的经营规模，对难以转嫁的所得税等直接税，通过合法地选择取得所得的时点，或是转移所得等方法使收入最小化、费用最大化，实现免除纳税义务、减少纳税义务，或是递延纳税义务等的目标。以下我们从不同方面对内资企业所得税的税务筹划进行分析。（1）利用坏帐损失进行税务筹划（2）利用存货计价方法进行税务筹划（3）利用折旧年限进行税务筹划（4）利用折旧方法进行税务筹划（5）利用亏损弥补进行税务筹划（6）利用预缴所得税进行税务筹划（7）利用企业所得税减免税政策进行税务筹划为鼓励企业加大投资力度，支持企业技术改造，促进产品结构调整和经济稳定发展，税法规定，对在我国境内投资于符合国家产业政策的技术改造项目的企业，其项目所需国产设备投资的40%可以从企业技术改造设备购置当年比前一年新增的企业所得税中抵免。实行投资抵免的国产设备，企业仍可按原价计提折旧，并按有关规定在计算应纳税所得额时扣除。企业从自身经营需要出发，对技术改造项目所需的设备应首选国产设备，以达到减税效应。企业研究开发新产品、新技术、新工艺所发生的各项费用以及委托其他单位进行科研试制的费用，不受比例限制计入管理费用在税前扣除。企业从发展的角度考虑，应加大产品的研发力度，保证研发所需支出。这样既可使企业推陈出新，在竞争中不断扩大市场占有率，同时又使企业所得税支出减少。经国务院批准成立的高新技术产业开发区内认定的高新技术企业，可减按15%的优惠税率征收企业所得税，并规定在开办之日起两年内免征所得税。企业在进行投资决策时就应考虑投资企业所在的行业，以享受国家税收优惠政策，降低企业税负。企业利用废水、废气、废渣等废弃物为主要原料进行生产的，可在5年内减征或者免征所得税。新办的劳动就业服务企业，当年安置城镇待业人员超过企业从业人员总数的60%的，经主管税务机关审核批准，可免征所得税3年。在国家确定的革命根据地、少数民族地区、边远地区、贫困地区新办的企业经主管税务机关批准后，减征或免征所得税3年。小会计回答时间2007-12-2213:49满意答案1.税务筹划的意义税收是国家凭借政治权利无偿地参与国民收入分配的工具，税收的本质特点无偿性、强制性、固定性决定了税收是财产所有权的单方向转移，税收单向性的特质使得税收支出没有任何的直接回报，是企业的一种沉没成本，税款一旦交出去就不再回来，对一个企业来说，税款的支付是企业资金的流出。从这个意义上来说节约税收支出等于增加企业的净收入。从纳税人角度出发，积极的进行纳税筹划，充分利用税收优惠政策获得节税利益，这是与税法的立法宗旨相符的，因此减少税款支出是合理的，税务筹划是一种合理的避税行为。税收同时又是政府调节宏观经济的杠杆。税收通过税种的设置、税率的确定、课税对象的选择和课税环节的规定体现着国家的宏观经济政策，在税法规定的前提条件下，纳税人面对不同的纳税方案，税负的轻重程度往往不同。而税负的轻重对投资决策起着决定性的影响。因此，可以说纳税人通过税务筹划，选择不同的纳税方案，是实现国家税收调控职能的必要环节。政府为了达到一定的经济、社会的目标，需要纳税人进行纳税筹划，这样才能使政府的投资导向发挥职能作用。税务筹划是指纳税人依据现行税法和国际税收惯例，在税法许可的范围内，对企业组建、经营、投资及筹资等活动进行的旨在减轻税负、有利于财务目标的谋划、对策与安排，在不妨碍正常经营的前提下，达到税负最小化的目标。其外在表现是使纳税人纳税最少，纳税最晚，即实现“经济纳税”。税务筹划本身不单纯是一种财务或者税务行为，更不是我们所指的那些简单的税务代理，它和企业的经营行为息息相关，是一种高层次的理财活动，它是企业采取恰当的纳税筹划方法，把纳税人的税收负担调整控制在最佳界限内，以达到减少纳税人的税收成本、减少经济损失、实现利润最大化的目的。随着税收征管水平的提高和税法建设步伐的加快将使得更多的税源和税基被纳入所得税等直接税体系，偷漏税机会日益减少，风险日益增加，使得税收筹划变得日益重要。2.税务筹划的前提条件对税收观念理解的改变为企业税务筹划排除了思想障碍。由于税务筹划在我国起步较晚，税务机关的依法治税水平和全社会的纳税意识距离发达国家尚有差距，导致征纳双方对各自的权利和义务了解不够，税务筹划往往被视为偷税的近义词。但随着社会主义市场经济的发展并逐步国际化、知识化、信息化，理论界开始重视从纳税主体的角度研究税收，企业高层管理者也开始认识到税务筹划在现代企业管理中的作用，国家税收征收管理法和刑法也对偷逃税款的内含和外延作了明确的界定，企业税务筹划的实施从思想上得到了保障。税收制度的不断完善为企业税务筹划提供了依据。1994年税收制度改革之后，我国税收制度逐步成熟，税收制度朝着法制化、系统化、相对稳定化的方向发展。同时，随着我国加入WTO和整个国民经济总体水平的提高，我国税制将与国际惯例接轨，所得税和财产税体系将日益完善和丰富，在整个税制中的地位将逐渐提高，越来越多的个人将加入到纳税人的行列，使纳税人的总量不断增加，全社会的纳税意识会不断提高，对税务筹划的需求会越来越大。不同经济行为的税收差别待遇和不同方法的选择为企业税收筹划提供了空间。1994年税收制度改革以后，我国税收制度日趋完善，为了体现产业政策、充分发挥税收扛杆对市场经济的宏观调控职能，国家在已经颁布的税收实体法中不同程度地规定了不同经济行为的税收差别待遇，即规定了不同经济行为的税种差别、税率差别和优惠政策差别，同时在税收程序法中也为企业进行税务筹划作了肯定，企业进行税务筹划的空间业已形成。小会计回答时间2007-12-2213:50其他答案国家针对不同纳税人的不同情况，对企业所得税制定了各种优惠政策，企业应就投资地点、投资方式、投资项目、企业组织形式及筹资方式等的不同导所税收负担的不同，充分结合企业所得税的各种优惠政策进行税务筹划，以达到企业整体税负的优化