Our country has a long history in the traditional mediation system, various in form, mainly including civil mediation, and the judge batch of polls and government mediation 3 forms, especially the civil mediation and modern people's mediation system most closely contact. Civil mediation in ancient China as alternative dispute resolution social form, shows good applicable effect, the official and private by was consistent approval. And the people's mediation system of line of more than half a century after many twists and turns, though in recent years in the official advocates harmonious judicial, constructing "big mediation" model of background regain attention, is known as "the first line of defense", but the people's mediation system in fact they go into recession. This paper will typical significance of the ancient civil mediation and modern people's mediation system from ?