人本管理论文文献参考

管理的核心在于人，在现代这个企业组织竞争激烈的时代，人才已经成为一个组织最为重要的核心竞争力了。人力资源的开发与管理对于组织的发展来说至关重要。但是，人力资源由于其主体人的特殊性，在开发与管理上存在着诸多困难，同时也容易步入误区。现代人力资源开发与管理误区分析也就成了一个特别需要注重的区域。一、关于现代人力资源开发与管理误区的研究概况“人力资源管理”这个概念首先是在1954年由Peter Drucker在《管理实践》一书中引入的。组织的管理由此进入一个新的时代。一系列围绕着组织中员工的开发与管理系统已初见雏形，并在不断发展和完善中。近些年来，现代的人力资源管理理论传入中国，得到了广泛的传播和应用，因此对于这方面的研究也很多，渐成显学。国内人力资源管理主要以中国人民大学等学校研究水平为强，同时全国各地的许多高校也开设了此专业，并结合当地实际做了一些实用性、针对性很强的研究。例如贵州大学关于西部落后欠发达地区人力资源开发的研究就很有特色。同时，针对人力资源开发与管理误区的研究也很多。很多专家和研究者分别从不同的角度对这一问题进行了分析，并提出相关的对策。但是，在我看来，依然是存在一些问题的。人力资源管理从性质上讲是边缘学科、交叉学科，从历史上讲是新兴学科。因此，在有些研究的过程当中，不免就会流于表面化、现象化，仅就现象谈现象、仅就案例谈案例。没有就这些现象背后深层的东西进行分析。也就是说没有将人力资源管理当中出现的现象返回到人力资源管理这个学科本应有的社会学、经济学、管理学的土壤当中进行考察，甚而没有从哲学的高度来进行反思。这些我将在文献综述的第二部分进行祥述。其实，所谓的这些人力资源开发与管理误区所产生的原因正是由于他们将人力资源管理从本身的土壤当中抽离出来，就人力资源开发谈人力资源开发、就人力资源管理谈人力资源管理，把人平面化、抽象化、物化了。而人则是立体的、鲜活的、自由的。这正是我毕业论文所要阐明的一个核心，也是针对这些误区产生的原因所进行的分析。很显然，这篇论文的写作脉络是经济学的、社会学（心理学）的，甚至是管理哲学的。二、对文献的综述与分析综合所阅文献，我们可以看到，对于人力资源开发与管理误区的研究大多关注在以下几个方面：误区一：“人力资源管理”即“人事管理”。这一误区是传统意义上的，是由于对人力资源管理概念缺乏本质的认识，而忽视了人力资源管理的主动性、开发性和战略性。归于这类误区的还有，认为人力资源管理仅仅是人力资源部门的工作，与组织中的其他部门没有关系，这还是没有把人力资源管理与人事管理区分开来的结果。人力资源存在于整个组织当中，人力资源的管理应该是立体的，并非是人力资源管理这一个部门来进行的管理，而是组织当中每个成员共同来参与共同来完成的。误区二：把人当作“成本”而非“资源”。对于记件制的工人，企业往往把其报酬看作是产品成本的一部分，要么就是尽量压低工人工资，要么就是尽量提高工人的工作效率，目的就在是于节约产品的生产成本。对于我国的大多数企业来说，虽然劳动法有相关法律法规的明确规定，但还是存在超时、超强度劳动的问题，员工加班时间不确定、加班工资得不到保障的现象也比比皆是。说到底还是把人当作了成本，没有把人当作创造性的财富和资源，没有尊重人，没有把人放在一个平等的位置上来看待。这样的人力资源开发与管理是失败的，最终只会导致高效率下的低效果以及员工的大量流失。误区三：人才结构不合理，单纯追求低年龄、高学历、高职称。许多企业、组织盲目追求具有高学历、高职称、低年龄的人力资源，，只愿意接受人才而不愿意给人才以成长和培养的环境、土壤。缺乏建立动态的人才优化配置机构，没有实现人与岗位的动态匹配。另外，在对民营企业人力资源开发与管理的误区进行的相关分析中，也指出了企业把人才当作“蜡烛”而非“蓄电池”的这一误区，认为企业不应把人才当作不断燃烧的蜡烛，而应将其视为一个蓄电池，在不断放电的同时，也应不断地给其充电。。这必然会导致企业的进入门槛过高，人才资源浪费，组织效率低下，冗余与人才的短缺同时并存。误区四：员工培训偏于片面性、盲目性，缺乏系统性和整体性。鉴于人力资源管理理论对于企业管理的影响日趋深入，管理者们也越来越关注人力资源的开发，在借鉴西方人力资源管理理论成果的同时，更加注重员工的培训与开发。于是，兴起了一股培训热。在对员工的培训当中，往往为了寻求短期效果，流于形式、流于表层的业务技能培训而忽视了深层的理念培训和创新思维的开发，同时，培训偏于片面性，缺乏规划和连贯性、整体性，往往认为通过一个或几个培训项目一次培训完毕后就能达到预期效果，并且对于培训的效果缺乏有效的考评，这样的结果往往会导致组织资源的浪费、培训效果的低下以及员工对于培训的负面情绪。误区五：过度注重物质激励，忽视了精神激励。马斯洛的需求层次理论把人的各种需求分为生理需求、安全需求、社会交往需求、爱的需求以及自我实现需求。生理需求为人的最基本的需求，所以大多数的管理者都认为物质财富是激励和开发员工积极性和创造性的不二法宝，并且认为分配的差距越大越好，单一注重人力资源的经济效益，忽视了人文环境的创造，强调以待遇来留住人才而非以事业和感情来留住人才缺乏人文关怀。事实上，马斯洛的需求层次理论很容易让人们产生错觉，认为人的需求是分为五个层级，是分阶段的。其实，人的需求是多方位的，并不仅仅因为需要物质就不需要精神了。管理者们应该在给予员工物质激励的同时也给予员工人性的关怀，从精神层面上去激发员工的积极性和创造性。误区六：人力资源管理程式化、数据化。在组织目标达成的过程中，组织成员的工作积极性和创造性不会自发存在，人都是有惰性的，因此需要一系列的程式，通过各种指标、数字、表格来具体规范人的具体工作并对此进行评估。把人力资源管理程式化、数据化之后容易给人这样一种错觉：一切变量因素都是可以通过具体数字来进行预测、估量和把握的，这样的结果就是把人和人的工作都抽象化、平面化，并没有充分认识人性，同时也缺乏对各种包括人在内的变化因素所导致的风险预测和评估系统。这样的人力资源管理显然是缺乏弹性的。误区七：将人力资源管理与开发模块化，单纯依靠管理者或上级的领导能力。现代人力资源开发与管理存在的一个很大的误区就在于单纯的将其分为几个步骤几个模块来进行，这种机械性在人力资源开发与管理上就会导致各项职能与组织整体目标相脱离，在整体上缺乏有效的整和性，并没有把人看作是一个立体的人，而是按照组织要求机械性的将人的某项能力剥离，单纯依靠领导者或管理者的组织、协调和领导能力，使人碎片化。误区八：提倡“人本管理”，实质上却是独裁的，是过分依赖领导意志的。现代很多企业都在提倡“以人为本”的企业文化的营造，但是要是真正做到以人为本并不容易。很多企业还明显存在着排斥、歧视甚至是帮派斗争，这些与以人为本的的理念都是背道而驰的，这些现象再怎么伪装与掩饰都不可能成为真正的以人为本。应该是以尊重人为基础为前提，不应该以人本管理为手段，应该是以人本管理为目的。三、对人力资源开发与管理误区分析的几点补充及建议从上述对文献所发现的人力资源开发与管理的误区我们可以看到，对误区的研究分析大都集中在两个层面，一个是传统层面上的，也是最基本层面上的误区，即对人力资源开发与管理的碎片化、程序化和数据化。这一层面上的误区主要是没有把人看做是有能动的创造力的“人”，只把人看做是平面的、可操控的一种物化了的资源。通过对这些误区的研究与分析，把人从机械的工作当中解救了出来，注重人主观能动性发挥，也似的组织的管理功能更加灵活化、系统化、人性化。另外一个是现在大家普遍关注的误区，即忽视了人本管理的思想，把人的需求阶段化，没有把人看做是一个系统的人，片面追求以物质激励来寻求人力资源的最大效用。通过对这一误区的研究分析，提出了以人为本的管理理念，强调要在以物质激励员工的同时也要注重员工感情的培养，以事业和感情来吸引和留住人才，不要单纯的以待遇来吸引和留住人才。强调组织或企业要努力营造一个良好的人文环境即企业环境，尊重员工，培养员工的归属感，极大的激励和发挥员工的积极性和创造性，引导员工朝着组织希望的方向发展，做到在实现组织目标的同时也能使员工实现对自我的需求。但是，我们也应该注意到，对于人力资源开发与管理实际上还存在着第三个层面的误区，即把以人为本的管理理念作为实现组织目标的手段而非目的，并没有真正理解到人本管理的内涵所在，把人本管理单纯的理解为激发员工的工作积极性，开发人力资源，重视和运用人力资本。如此来理解人本管理，还是没有把人从物化的框架中解放出来，仅仅把人看做是一种资源，为实现组织目标而需要利用的一种资源，人是管理过程中的接受者。人还是没有得到真正的自由。事实上，真正的人本管理并不是为了实现组织目标而是为了人的自我实现需要，以人为本的管理思想实际上就是真正的尊重人，以人的需要和自我实现为导向，重视每一个人的作用，把人从“物化”当中解放出来，最大限度的开发人的潜能。最终在人自我实现的同时，实现组织的目标

品牌延伸：brand extend 1、Starbucks aims beyond lattes to extend brand SEATTLE — Starbucks (SBUX) is changing what we eat and drink. It's altering where and when we work and play. It's shaping how we spend time and money. That's just for appetizers. Starbucks has an even glitzier goal: to help rewrite society's pop culture menu. The company that sells 4 million coffee drinks daily in the USA is hot to extend its brand beyond the espresso machine to influence the films we see, CDs we hear and books we read. In the process, it aims to grow into a global empire rivaling McDonald's. "It amazes all of us — how we've become part of popular culture," says Chairman Howard Schultz, sitting casually in his office near a photo of him arm-in-arm with Mick Jagger. "Our customers have given us permission to extend the experience." The kingpin of pricey coffee is intent on ranking among the top trendmeisters before the decade is out. Something like: If you love the taste of our coffee, you'll love our taste in pop culture, too. "Call it the Starbuckization of society," says George Ritzer, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. "Starbucks has created the image that they're cutting edge." Schultz is dead serious about taking his company Hollywood — and beyond. Starbucks Entertainment, formed two years ago, has 100 employees and is relocating to Santa Monica, Calif. It retained the William Morris Agency to help link the brand, via marketing ventures, with films, music and books. In some cases, Starbucks will have a financial stake. "We are engaged every day in discussions with the highest levels of people in the entertainment business," Schultz says. Starbucks has had talks with musicians Jagger, Bono, Prince and Chris Martin about promotional links with CDs, division president Ken Lombard says. He says he hears from record labels, film studios and publishers daily about possible tie-ins. They might need Starbucks more than it needs them. Its stock is up about 5,775% since it went public in 1992. It's had 172 straight months of same-store sales growth. Music was Starbucks' first foray into pop culture. It shared in eight Grammy Awards in 2004 for backing the Ray Charles Genius Loves Company CD. Its stores sold about 835,000 copies, about 25% of sales. In 2005, Starbucks sold million CDs of all kinds. "We are in a unique position to transform the way music is discovered and delivered," Lombard says. Starbucks' film effort was less commercial, but Schultz says the plan is to back films that fit the brand. "We would not do the next Spider-Man." Its first deal has been to promote Lionsgate's Akeelah and the Bee for an undisclosed equity stake. Since opening April 28, the movie has earned mostly positive reviews but posted modest sales of $14 million through May 14. Next up, Starbucks will sell, and might publish, books. "The search is on for the right one," Lombard says. It also is testing in a few sites a plan to make stores what Schultz calls "digital fill-up" stations for entertainment downloads. By ramping up Wi-Fi networks already in more than half its stores, Starbucks could offer not only a place to check e-mail on a laptop but also load an MP3 player. "People are using our stores in ways we never imagined," he says. Like Oprah Winfrey, Starbucks is emerging as a self-appointed culture guru. It's drawing folks who want a jolt of what's "in" with their java. "People promote their own brands — even promote themselves — by being Starbucks consumers," says Jeff Swystun, global director at brand-savvy Interbrand. Starbucks manages to project itself as both hero and renegade. As a brand, says Watts Wacker, futurist at FirstMatter, it's a lot like Bono: a good man and bad boy. Starbucks is also ubiquitous. It has 7,950 . stores — plus 3,275 elsewhere — and an average of five opening every day worldwide. Its long-term goal is 15,000 . stores, 30,000 globally. By contrast, McDonald's has 13,700 . stores, 31,000 globally. "Starbucks has found a way to reach every demographic," says Barry Glassner, author of The Culture of Fear. "It's hard to be an American without stepping in one." Some do every day. And 24% of Starbucks' customers visit 16 times per month. No other fast-food chain posts numbers even close. Sun Cunningham plans her days around Starbucks. "I guess it's a little crazy," says the consultant from Silverthorne, Colo. "But whenever I run errands, I map it out so I can stop at a Starbucks in between." Manhattan resident Eve Epstein goes to Starbucks daily. Three mornings a week, she also takes her son, Asher, 2, and meets her best friend — with her toddler. "Our kids will spend their childhoods there," she jokes. For parents, she says, "Starbucks is the new McDonald's." While Starbucks is just getting into the pop culture business, it has already touched us all by: •Changing what we'll pay for coffee. In its less costly markets, a "tall" (small, 12 oz.) cup of regular coffee still costs about $. In its priciest market, New York City, a "venti" (large, 20 oz.) Frappuccino will set you back $. "We live in a society where people think $5 is $1 because of Starbucks," says Marian Salzman, trends guru at JWT Worldwide. Washington, ., lawyer Lisa Terry, who goes four times a week, gives Starbucks a nickname based on her average tab: FourBucks. Starbucks not only made four bucks a cup acceptable, it opened the door for others. "I got into the business because of what they created," says Michael Coles, CEO of 500-store Caribou Coffee. Not everyone has bought in. Some 1,829 consumers were asked by Marketing Evaluations, The Q Scores Co., last year to rate 170 major brands for "value." On a scale of 1 to 100, the average score was 26. Starbucks came in at just 10. "The consumer is saying, 'Man, look what I'm paying for this!' " says Steven Levitt, president of the firm. •Changing coffee tastes. Like it or not, Starbucks has changed expectations of how coffee should taste. "They've done a great job of raising coffee standards," says Bryant Simon, author of the upcoming book Consuming Starbucks. Starbucks coffee buyers, tasters and its quality control team taste an average 1,000 cups per day. It's forced McDonald's and Burger King to upgrade their brews. •Changing what we eat. "It's hard to eat healthy at Starbucks," says Marion Nestle, author of What to Eat. "Portions are too big, and the drinks are full of calories." It's about to get easier. This year, Starbucks has started a menu revamp with more better-for-you foods. Fruit and yogurt parfaits and warm breakfast sandwiches have rolled out in many markets. New salads are under review. Even Starbucks trail mix is on tap. Healthier food "is part of every conversation we have," says CEO Jim Donald. But coffee is the focus, he adds. •Changing how we order. Starbucks made custom ordering chic, says Brad Blum, former CEO of Burger King, now a restaurant industry consultant. "People take a sense of ownership when their order is personalized," he says. •Changing how people meet. "There's a sense of security when you go there," psychologist Joyce Brothers says. It has given people a "safe" place to socialize, she says. Terry, the . attorney, says Starbucks is the only place she feels comfortable meeting guys on first dates. "It's cornered the market on meeting places," she says. •Changing cities. Starbucks is influencing urban streetscapes. In brochures for high-end apartments near New York City, it's not uncommon to see "near Starbucks" as a selling point. A Starbucks in the neighborhood is "definitely an indication that an area has arrived," says Doug Yearley, a regional president with builder Toll Brothers, now putting up luxury condos near a Starbucks in Hoboken, . •Changing social consciousness. Starbucks has added more than a teaspoon of social responsibility to its premium coffee. No other retailer in North America sells more Fair Trade coffee — marketed by co-ops that guarantee living wages to coffee growers. It has 87 urban locations co-owned by Earvin "Magic" Johnson. It's begun rolling out paper cups made with 10% recycled materials. Many of its part-time "baristas" are eligible for health and 401(k) benefits, something that Schultz is proud of and that has had an impact on the industry. But some employees push for more. A union recently formed in Manhattan to seek more pay and "to make Starbucks more socially responsible to workers," barista Daniel Gross says. Despite recent moves to become a cultural curator, Schultz says Starbucks still has to earn its stripes as tastemaker. Much as it would like to become an "editor" of culture, he says, "one of the great strengths of Starbucks is our humility." 2、Yahoo to extend brand environments Yahoo is looking to include video game The Sims, hit TV show Lost and toy franchise Transformers in innovative "Brand Universes" programme, ClickZ reports. Late last year the search engine began to develop online environments that would bring together disparate strands of a particular brand together in one place. The first was centred on the Wii Nintendo video game console and allowed users to browse Wii information from around the web – pictures on Flickr, reviews of games and so on. Now the range of Brand Universes will be widened to include The Sims, Halo, Lost, The Office, Harry Potter and Transformers, which are all brands with cult followings. As yet, however, marketers do not have a voice in deciding what becomes a Brand Universe and Yahoo is not seeking licensing for the content. "You can't buy your way onto our list," said Yahoo Media Group's Vince Broady. "We're doing what makes sense for the users. Yahoo has loved to work with brand owners, but we've shown we don't need them to promote the content." The Wii portal enjoyed traffic of more than one million users in November last year. 人本管理：humanism management 1、Lao-zi's Humanism Management Thoughts and Its Modern Value 老子思想是哲学思想，也是管理思想。老子的管理思想具有非常鲜明的人本化特征，包含关于人的地位、使用、激励、组织、培育、保护等方面的内容。老子的人本管理思想既有合理性，也有局限性。老子人本管理思想的现代意义是其对现代管理所具有的借鉴意义。老子的人本管理思想是世界的，也是中国的，对于我国社会组织实施人本化管理具有多方面的启示意义。 Lao-zi's thoughts include philosophy thoughts and management thoughts. His management thoughts embodied the culture feature which regards human as a foundation, which included the substances of the status, as well as the usage, stimulation, organization, cultivation and protection of human being. The thoughts had rationalizations, yet with some limitations. Its modern value lies in the guidance and enlightment to the modem management. Lao-zi's humanism management thoughts belong to the world as well as China, which provide enlightening value for the social organizations of our country to carry out humanistic management. 2、Hubei Telecom held a management seminar From 28th August to 31th August, there are about 30 trainees including the department head and the general manager of the China Telecom Company Limited Hubei Branch taking part in top-level management seminar in ZTE University in Dameisha Shenzhen. The purpose of this seminar was to improve the management skills of the high supervisors. The training seminar includes “Six Thinking Hats”, “Execute Strength” and “Humanism management of Enterprise”. During the seminar, the trainees took active part in discussing with our teachers in relation to the management issues and gave high appraise to the training method. 要英文的话，需要自己翻译了，我可以帮忙，但是收费，呵呵。

人本化管理模式在初中学校管理中的运用

摘要： 随着时代的飞速发展，传统初中学校管理模式已经脱离了时代的发展需求，阻碍了初中学校的可持续发展进程。在此背景下，本文提出了一种新型的管理模式———人本化管理模式。然而，人本化管理模式一直停留在理论阶段，并未在初中学校的管理中具体实施。因此，本文探究了初中学校管理中人本化管理的具体运用措施，旨在推动初中学校管理的可持续发展进程。

关键词： 初中学校管理；人本化管理；运用

所谓人本化管理模式就是在初中学校的管理过程中，突出“以人为本”的管理理念，尊重教职工以及学生的人格尊严，在满足其内在需求的基础上促发他们工作、学习的热情。通常情况下，包含两层含义：其一指的是教师方面，我们要优化教师资源，以教师资源为本开展高效的教学工作；其二指的是学生方面，以学生为主体开展管理以及教学活动，促进学生的个体化成长。而本文主要针对的是人本管理中的第二层含义进行论述，进而提高初中学校的管理效率。

一、人本化班级组织的构建

班级，是学校的基本组成单元。然而，在传统的初中班级管理中，教师善于使用三角形或者金字塔型的班级组织模式，这一组织模式虽然能够在一定程度上维持班级管理的稳定性。但是这一组织模式过于强调管理的重要性，忽视了学生的主体性，不利于学生的个性化成长，阻碍了学生的全面发展。不仅如此，随着教育改革的不断深入，这一组织模式所暴露出来的弊端也愈加明显，学生的功利性不断加强，日后必将对社会安定造成一定的影响。而人本化班级组织的构建采用的是圆形组织模式，突出了学生的主体性，引导每一个学生都成为班级的内在管理者。这种组织模式，不仅在培养学生责任心、集体荣誉感上起到了一定的促进作用，同时还有利于学生树立自身的学习信心，找到学校生活的乐趣，进而充分发挥自身的主观能动性加入学校管理之中。与传统的班级组织模式相比，人本化班级组织的构建在满足每一个学生内在需求的基础上激发学生的内在动力，促进他们参与班级、学校的管理之中。例如，我们在班级管理中，设定的职位除了传统意义上的班长、副班长之外，每门学科的课代表之外，还可以设置更多富有新意的职位，如礼貌维持纪律员、班级整理员、校园花草护理员等等，通过这些创新职位的构建，使得班级中的每一个学生都能够各司其职，乐在其中。除此之外，在班级中，我们还可以设立一个班级意见栏，欢迎班级中的每一个学生都能够对班级的管理提出宝贵的意见。通过人本化班级组织的构建，缓解了紧张的学习氛围，使得班级的管理更加的人性化。

二、人本化学生管理的构建

人本化学生管理的构建，指的是根据不同的学生采用不同的管理手段，其实质与“因材施教”有一定的共通之处。在人本化学生管理的构建中，可以将其分为两大模块———优等生与后进生。

1.人本化学生管理之优等生。优等生，不管在哪里，都能够收获一定的赞扬与掌声，也正是由于这些过度的赞誉滋生了学生的自负与自满心理。在长期的教学中，我们不难发现：优等生在面对考试失利时所表现出的心理落差远超其他学生，更有甚者，会出现嫉妒、愤怒等不良心理状态。这种过度重视名利的行为并不利于学生的健康成长。因此，我们在管理过程中，要注重引导优等生树立正确的人生观与价值观，积极引导他们与同学间的友好相处。通常情况下，我们可以定期在班级里张贴一些有关得失的小故事，利用优等生领悟能力相对较高的这一特点，引导其进行自我疏导。在自我疏导无效的情况下，我才会采用面谈这一形式。

2.人本化学生管理之后进生。每一个学校都存在一定的后进生。然而，我们必须明白：学生就像一张未经涂改的白纸一般，所谓的后进生也是因为社会、学校、家庭等诸多因素的影响才形成的。因此，对于这部分后进生，我们在管理过程中的`首要任务就是找到他们之所以成为后进生的原因，再根据这些原因进行更有针对性的管理。如果学生是由于自身的自控力、学习能力较差等原因，我们在管理的过程中就要采取一定的强制性措施，帮助他们提高自控力；如果学生是由于家庭等原因造成自身成为后进生的，我们则要引导其走出家庭、社会的困惑，进而重新树立学习的信心，促进其健康快乐的成长。

三、人本化教学的构建

“以人为本”是人本化管理中的重要内容，因此，我们在管理、教学过程中，要根据学生的性格特点采取不同的教学手法。例如，我们可以要求班主任在进行班级管理的过程中，减少枯燥的说教环节，可以采用具有一定教育意义的主题班会进行替代，如一些与“遵纪守法”“遵守孝道”相关的主题班会，引导学生树立正确的人生观以及价值观。不仅如此，我们还要求所有的教师都要和学生成为朋友，在了解他们真正需求的基础上创新自己的教学手法，进而放飞学生的个性化翅膀，推进学生的个性化成长。在初中学校中巧妙地使用人本化管理模式对促进学校的可持续发展进程起着至关重要的作用。因此，作为一个学校的管理者，我们必须清楚地认识到“以人为本”管理的巨大推动作用，努力地将人本化管理模式从理论中抽出，将其付诸于实际行动之中。本文论述了初中学校中人本化管理的三点措施：人本化班级组织的构建、人本化学生管理的构建以及人本化教学的构建，希望这些论述能够给广大的学校管理者一点启发，进而为初中教育事业的蓬勃发展添砖加瓦。

参考文献：

[1]刘丽.中学教育管理中对于人本化管理方法的应用[J].科教文汇.2014（12）

[2]王景忠.试论中学教育管理人本化管理方法[J].新课程学习.2013（11）

品牌延伸：brand extend1、Starbucks aims beyond lattes to extend brandSEATTLE — Starbucks (SBUX) is changing what we eat and drink. It's altering where and when we work and play. It's shaping how we spend time and money. That's just for has an even glitzier goal: to help rewrite society's pop culture menu. The company that sells 4 million coffee drinks daily in the USA is hot to extend its brand beyond the espresso machine to influence the films we see, CDs we hear and books we read. In the process, it aims to grow into a global empire rivaling McDonald's."It amazes all of us — how we've become part of popular culture," says Chairman Howard Schultz, sitting casually in his office near a photo of him arm-in-arm with Mick Jagger. "Our customers have given us permission to extend the experience." The kingpin of pricey coffee is intent on ranking among the top trendmeisters before the decade is out. Something like: If you love the taste of our coffee, you'll love our taste in pop culture, too. "Call it the Starbuckization of society," says George Ritzer, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. "Starbucks has created the image that they're cutting edge."Schultz is dead serious about taking his company Hollywood — and beyond. Starbucks Entertainment, formed two years ago, has 100 employees and is relocating to Santa Monica, Calif. It retained the William Morris Agency to help link the brand, via marketing ventures, with films, music and books. In some cases, Starbucks will have a financial stake. "We are engaged every day in discussions with the highest levels of people in the entertainment business," Schultz has had talks with musicians Jagger, Bono, Prince and Chris Martin about promotional links with CDs, division president Ken Lombard says. He says he hears from record labels, film studios and publishers daily about possible might need Starbucks more than it needs them. Its stock is up about 5,775% since it went public in 1992. It's had 172 straight months of same-store sales was Starbucks' first foray into pop culture. It shared in eight Grammy Awards in 2004 for backing the Ray Charles Genius Loves Company CD. Its stores sold about 835,000 copies, about 25% of sales. In 2005, Starbucks sold million CDs of all kinds."We are in a unique position to transform the way music is discovered and delivered," Lombard ' film effort was less commercial, but Schultz says the plan is to back films that fit the brand. "We would not do the next Spider-Man." Its first deal has been to promote Lionsgate's Akeelah and the Bee for an undisclosed equity stake. Since opening April 28, the movie has earned mostly positive reviews but posted modest sales of $14 million through May 14. Next up, Starbucks will sell, and might publish, books. "The search is on for the right one," Lombard says. It also is testing in a few sites a plan to make stores what Schultz calls "digital fill-up" stations for entertainment downloads. By ramping up Wi-Fi networks already in more than half its stores, Starbucks could offer not only a place to check e-mail on a laptop but also load an MP3 player. "People are using our stores in ways we never imagined," he Oprah Winfrey, Starbucks is emerging as a self-appointed culture guru. It's drawing folks who want a jolt of what's "in" with their java."People promote their own brands — even promote themselves — by being Starbucks consumers," says Jeff Swystun, global director at brand-savvy Interbrand. Starbucks manages to project itself as both hero and renegade. As a brand, says Watts Wacker, futurist at FirstMatter, it's a lot like Bono: a good man and bad is also ubiquitous. It has 7,950 . stores — plus 3,275 elsewhere — and an average of five opening every day worldwide. Its long-term goal is 15,000 . stores, 30,000 globally. By contrast, McDonald's has 13,700 . stores, 31,000 globally. "Starbucks has found a way to reach every demographic," says Barry Glassner, author of The Culture of Fear. "It's hard to be an American without stepping in one." Some do every day. And 24% of Starbucks' customers visit 16 times per month. No other fast-food chain posts numbers even close. Sun Cunningham plans her days around Starbucks. "I guess it's a little crazy," says the consultant from Silverthorne, Colo. "But whenever I run errands, I map it out so I can stop at a Starbucks in between."Manhattan resident Eve Epstein goes to Starbucks daily. Three mornings a week, she also takes her son, Asher, 2, and meets her best friend — with her toddler. "Our kids will spend their childhoods there," she jokes. For parents, she says, "Starbucks is the new McDonald's."While Starbucks is just getting into the pop culture business, it has already touched us all by: •Changing what we'll pay for coffee. In its less costly markets, a "tall" (small, 12 oz.) cup of regular coffee still costs about $. In its priciest market, New York City, a "venti" (large, 20 oz.) Frappuccino will set you back $. "We live in a society where people think $5 is $1 because of Starbucks," says Marian Salzman, trends guru at JWT Worldwide. Washington, ., lawyer Lisa Terry, who goes four times a week, gives Starbucks a nickname based on her average tab: FourBucks. Starbucks not only made four bucks a cup acceptable, it opened the door for others. "I got into the business because of what they created," says Michael Coles, CEO of 500-store Caribou Coffee. Not everyone has bought in. Some 1,829 consumers were asked by Marketing Evaluations, The Q Scores Co., last year to rate 170 major brands for "value." On a scale of 1 to 100, the average score was 26. Starbucks came in at just 10. "The consumer is saying, 'Man, look what I'm paying for this!' " says Steven Levitt, president of the firm.•Changing coffee tastes. Like it or not, Starbucks has changed expectations of how coffee should taste. "They've done a great job of raising coffee standards," says Bryant Simon, author of the upcoming book Consuming Starbucks. Starbucks coffee buyers, tasters and its quality control team taste an average 1,000 cups per day. It's forced McDonald's and Burger King to upgrade their brews.•Changing what we eat. "It's hard to eat healthy at Starbucks," says Marion Nestle, author of What to Eat. "Portions are too big, and the drinks are full of calories."It's about to get easier. This year, Starbucks has started a menu revamp with more better-for-you foods. Fruit and yogurt parfaits and warm breakfast sandwiches have rolled out in many markets. New salads are under review. Even Starbucks trail mix is on tap. Healthier food "is part of every conversation we have," says CEO Jim Donald. But coffee is the focus, he adds. •Changing how we order. Starbucks made custom ordering chic, says Brad Blum, former CEO of Burger King, now a restaurant industry consultant. "People take a sense of ownership when their order is personalized," he says.•Changing how people meet. "There's a sense of security when you go there," psychologist Joyce Brothers says. It has given people a "safe" place to socialize, she , the . attorney, says Starbucks is the only place she feels comfortable meeting guys on first dates. "It's cornered the market on meeting places," she says.•Changing cities. Starbucks is influencing urban streetscapes. In brochures for high-end apartments near New York City, it's not uncommon to see "near Starbucks" as a selling point. A Starbucks in the neighborhood is "definitely an indication that an area has arrived," says Doug Yearley, a regional president with builder Toll Brothers, now putting up luxury condos near a Starbucks in Hoboken, .•Changing social consciousness. Starbucks has added more than a teaspoon of social responsibility to its premium coffee. No other retailer in North America sells more Fair Trade coffee — marketed by co-ops that guarantee living wages to coffee growers. It has 87 urban locations co-owned by Earvin "Magic" Johnson. It's begun rolling out paper cups made with 10% recycled of its part-time "baristas" are eligible for health and 401(k) benefits, something that Schultz is proud of and that has had an impact on the industry. But some employees push for more. A union recently formed in Manhattan to seek more pay and "to make Starbucks more socially responsible to workers," barista Daniel Gross says. Despite recent moves to become a cultural curator, Schultz says Starbucks still has to earn its stripes as tastemaker. Much as it would like to become an "editor" of culture, he says, "one of the great strengths of Starbucks is our humility."2、Yahoo to extend brand environmentsYahoo is looking to include video game The Sims, hit TV show Lost and toy franchise Transformers in innovative "Brand Universes" programme, ClickZ last year the search engine began to develop online environments that would bring together disparate strands of a particular brand together in one first was centred on the Wii Nintendo video game console and allowed users to browse Wii information from around the web – pictures on Flickr, reviews of games and so the range of Brand Universes will be widened to include The Sims, Halo, Lost, The Office, Harry Potter and Transformers, which are all brands with cult yet, however, marketers do not have a voice in deciding what becomes a Brand Universe and Yahoo is not seeking licensing for the content."You can't buy your way onto our list," said Yahoo Media Group's Vince Broady. "We're doing what makes sense for the users. Yahoo has loved to work with brand owners, but we've shown we don't need them to promote the content."The Wii portal enjoyed traffic of more than one million users in November last year.人本管理：humanism management 1、Lao-zi's Humanism Management Thoughts and Its Modern Value老子思想是哲学思想，也是管理思想。老子的管理思想具有非常鲜明的人本化特征，包含关于人的地位、使用、激励、组织、培育、保护等方面的内容。老子的人本管理思想既有合理性，也有局限性。老子人本管理思想的现代意义是其对现代管理所具有的借鉴意义。老子的人本管理思想是世界的，也是中国的，对于我国社会组织实施人本化管理具有多方面的启示意义。Lao-zi's thoughts include philosophy thoughts and management thoughts. His management thoughts embodied the culture feature which regards human as a foundation, which included the substances of the status, as well as the usage, stimulation, organization, cultivation and protection of human being. The thoughts had rationalizations, yet with some limitations. Its modern value lies in the guidance and enlightment to the modem management. Lao-zi's humanism management thoughts belong to the world as well as China, which provide enlightening value for the social organizations of our country to carry out humanistic 、Hubei Telecom held a management seminar From 28th August to 31th August, there are about 30 trainees including the department head and the general manager of the China Telecom Company Limited Hubei Branch taking part in top-level management seminar in ZTE University in Dameisha Shenzhen. The purpose of this seminar was to improve the management skills of the high supervisors. The training seminar includes “Six Thinking Hats”, “Execute Strength” and “Humanism management of Enterprise”. During the seminar, the trainees took active part in discussing with our teachers in relation to the management issues and gave high appraise to the training method.

注册┆登录┆发表文章 关于现代人力资源开发与管理误区分析的文献综述 2006-01-26 16:12:19 大中小 管理的核心在于人，在现代这个企业组织竞争激烈的时代，人才已经成为一个组织最为重要的核心竞争力了。人力资源的开发与管理对于组织的发展来说至关重要。但是，人力资源由于其主体人的特殊性，在开发与管理上存在着诸多困难，同时也容易步入误区。现代人力资源开发与管理误区分析也就成了一个特别需要注重的区域。一、关于现代人力资源开发与管理误区的研究概况“人力资源管理”这个概念首先是在1954年由Peter Drucker在《管理实践》一书中引入的。组织的管理由此进入一个新的时代。一系列围绕着组织中员工的开发与管理系统已初见雏形，并在不断发展和完善中。近些年来，现代的人力资源管理理论传入中国，得到了广泛的传播和应用，因此对于这方面的研究也很多，渐成显学。国内人力资源管理主要以中国人民大学等学校研究水平为强，同时全国各地的许多高校也开设了此专业，并结合当地实际做了一些实用性、针对性很强的研究。例如贵州大学关于西部落后欠发达地区人力资源开发的研究就很有特色。同时，针对人力资源开发与管理误区的研究也很多。很多专家和研究者分别从不同的角度对这一问题进行了分析，并提出相关的对策。但是，在我看来，依然是存在一些问题的。人力资源管理从性质上讲是边缘学科、交叉学科，从历史上讲是新兴学科。因此，在有些研究的过程当中，不免就会流于表面化、现象化，仅就现象谈现象、仅就案例谈案例。没有就这些现象背后深层的东西进行分析。也就是说没有将人力资源管理当中出现的现象返回到人力资源管理这个学科本应有的社会学、经济学、管理学的土壤当中进行考察，甚而没有从哲学的高度来进行反思。这些我将在文献综述的第二部分进行祥述。其实，所谓的这些人力资源开发与管理误区所产生的原因正是由于他们将人力资源管理从本身的土壤当中抽离出来，就人力资源开发谈人力资源开发、就人力资源管理谈人力资源管理，把人平面化、抽象化、物化了。而人则是立体的、鲜活的、自由的。这正是我毕业论文所要阐明的一个核心，也是针对这些误区产生的原因所进行的分析。很显然，这篇论文的写作脉络是经济学的、社会学（心理学）的，甚至是管理哲学的。二、对文献的综述与分析综合所阅文献，我们可以看到，对于人力资源开发与管理误区的研究大多关注在以下几个方面：误区一：“人力资源管理”即“人事管理”。这一误区是传统意义上的，是由于对人力资源管理概念缺乏本质的认识，而忽视了人力资源管理的主动性、开发性和战略性。归于这类误区的还有，认为人力资源管理仅仅是人力资源部门的工作，与组织中的其他部门没有关系，这还是没有把人力资源管理与人事管理区分开来的结果。人力资源存在于整个组织当中，人力资源的管理应该是立体的，并非是人力资源管理这一个部门来进行的管理，而是组织当中每个成员共同来参与共同来完成的。误区二：把人当作“成本”而非“资源”。对于记件制的工人，企业往往把其报酬看作是产品成本的一部分，要么就是尽量压低工人工资，要么就是尽量提高工人的工作效率，目的就在是于节约产品的生产成本。对于我国的大多数企业来说，虽然劳动法有相关法律法规的明确规定，但还是存在超时、超强度劳动的问题，员工加班时间不确定、加班工资得不到保障的现象也比比皆是。说到底还是把人当作了成本，没有把人当作创造性的财富和资源，没有尊重人，没有把人放在一个平等的位置上来看待。这样的人力资源开发与管理是失败的，最终只会导致高效率下的低效果以及员工的大量流失。误区三：人才结构不合理，单纯追求低年龄、高学历、高职称。许多企业、组织盲目追求具有高学历、高职称、低年龄的人力资源，，只愿意接受人才而不愿意给人才以成长和培养的环境、土壤。缺乏建立动态的人才优化配置机构，没有实现人与岗位的动态匹配。另外，在对民营企业人力资源开发与管理的误区进行的相关分析中，也指出了企业把人才当作“蜡烛”而非“蓄电池”的这一误区，认为企业不应把人才当作不断燃烧的蜡烛，而应将其视为一个蓄电池，在不断放电的同时，也应不断地给其充电。。这必然会导致企业的进入门槛过高，人才资源浪费，组织效率低下，冗余与人才的短缺同时并存。误区四：员工培训偏于片面性、盲目性，缺乏系统性和整体性。鉴于人力资源管理理论对于企业管理的影响日趋深入，管理者们也越来越关注人力资源的开发，在借鉴西方人力资源管理理论成果的同时，更加注重员工的培训与开发。于是，兴起了一股培训热。在对员工的培训当中，往往为了寻求短期效果，流于形式、流于表层的业务技能培训而忽视了深层的理念培训和创新思维的开发，同时，培训偏于片面性，缺乏规划和连贯性、整体性，往往认为通过一个或几个培训项目一次培训完毕后就能达到预期效果，并且对于培训的效果缺乏有效的考评，这样的结果往往会导致组织资源的浪费、培训效果的低下以及员工对于培训的负面情绪。误区五：过度注重物质激励，忽视了精神激励。马斯洛的需求层次理论把人的各种需求分为生理需求、安全需求、社会交往需求、爱的需求以及自我实现需求。生理需求为人的最基本的需求，所以大多数的管理者都认为物质财富是激励和开发员工积极性和创造性的不二法宝，并且认为分配的差距越大越好，单一注重人力资源的经济效益，忽视了人文环境的创造，强调以待遇来留住人才而非以事业和感情来留住人才缺乏人文关怀。事实上，马斯洛的需求层次理论很容易让人们产生错觉，认为人的需求是分为五个层级，是分阶段的。其实，人的需求是多方位的，并不仅仅因为需要物质就不需要精神了。管理者们应该在给予员工物质激励的同时也给予员工人性的关怀，从精神层面上去激发员工的积极性和创造性。误区六：人力资源管理程式化、数据化。在组织目标达成的过程中，组织成员的工作积极性和创造性不会自发存在，人都是有惰性的，因此需要一系列的程式，通过各种指标、数字、表格来具体规范人的具体工作并对此进行评估。把人力资源管理程式化、数据化之后容易给人这样一种错觉：一切变量因素都是可以通过具体数字来进行预测、估量和把握的，这样的结果就是把人和人的工作都抽象化、平面化，并没有充分认识人性，同时也缺乏对各种包括人在内的变化因素所导致的风险预测和评估系统。这样的人力资源管理显然是缺乏弹性的。误区七：将人力资源管理与开发模块化，单纯依靠管理者或上级的领导能力。现代人力资源开发与管理存在的一个很大的误区就在于单纯的将其分为几个步骤几个模块来进行，这种机械性在人力资源开发与管理上就会导致各项职能与组织整体目标相脱离，在整体上缺乏有效的整和性，并没有把人看作是一个立体的人，而是按照组织要求机械性的将人的某项能力剥离，单纯依靠领导者或管理者的组织、协调和领导能力，使人碎片化。误区八：提倡“人本管理”，实质上却是独裁的，是过分依赖领导意志的。现代很多企业都在提倡“以人为本”的企业文化的营造，但是要是真正做到以人为本并不容易。很多企业还明显存在着排斥、歧视甚至是帮派斗争，这些与以人为本的的理念都是背道而驰的，这些现象再怎么伪装与掩饰都不可能成为真正的以人为本。应该是以尊重人为基础为前提，不应该以人本管理为手段，应该是以人本管理为目的。三、对人力资源开发与管理误区分析的几点补充及建议从上述对文献所发现的人力资源开发与管理的误区我们可以看到，对误区的研究分析大都集中在两个层面，一个是传统层面上的，也是最基本层面上的误区，即对人力资源开发与管理的碎片化、程序化和数据化。这一层面上的误区主要是没有把人看做是有能动的创造力的“人”，只把人看做是平面的、可操控的一种物化了的资源。通过对这些误区的研究与分析，把人从机械的工作当中解救了出来，注重人主观能动性发挥，也似的组织的管理功能更加灵活化、系统化、人性化。另外一个是现在大家普遍关注的误区，即忽视了人本管理的思想，把人的需求阶段化，没有把人看做是一个系统的人，片面追求以物质激励来寻求人力资源的最大效用。通过对这一误区的研究分析，提出了以人为本的管理理念，强调要在以物质激励员工的同时也要注重员工感情的培养，以事业和感情来吸引和留住人才，不要单纯的以待遇来吸引和留住人才。强调组织或企业要努力营造一个良好的人文环境即企业环境，尊重员工，培养员工的归属感，极大的激励和发挥员工的积极性和创造性，引导员工朝着组织希望的方向发展，做到在实现组织目标的同时也能使员工实现对自我的需求。但是，我们也应该注意到，对于人力资源开发与管理实际上还存在着第三个层面的误区，即把以人为本的管理理念作为实现组织目标的手段而非目的，并没有真正理解到人本管理的内涵所在，把人本管理单纯的理解为激发员工的工作积极性，开发人力资源，重视和运用人力资本。如此来理解人本管理，还是没有把人从物化的框架中解放出来，仅仅把人看做是一种资源，为实现组织目标而需要利用的一种资源，人是管理过程中的接受者。人还是没有得到真正的自由。事实上，真正的人本管理并不是为了实现组织目标而是为了人的自我实现需要，以人为本的管理思想实际上就是真正的尊重人，以人的需要和自我实现为导向，重视每一个人的作用，把人从“物化”当中解放出来，最大限度的开发人的潜能。最终在人自我实现的同时，实现组织的目标。