成本管理论文参考文献英文

Activity-Based Costing is a costing methodology personalized. In the implementation of science and business process management must be customer-centric processes and to manage tasks, namely to carry out the management of operating Cost Management (Activity-Based Costing Management, ABCM) is to enhance customer value, increase corporate profits for the purpose of operating cost method based on a new type of centralized management. Through its operations and operating costs of the recognition, measurement, calculation of the final product cost, at the same time will be calculated into the cost of operating level, all the operational activities of the enterprise to track and reflect the dynamic, cost-chain analysis, including analysis of driving forces, operating analysis, in order to enterprises to provide accurate information in decision-making; to guide effective implementation of business operations necessary to eliminate and streamline operations can not create value, so as to achieve lower costs,The purpose of increasing efficiency. Many large-scale manufacturing and international IT companies such as Hewlett-Packard have implemented activity-based costing management, some of the leading China-based manufacturing enterprises such as the XJ Electric Co., Ltd. is also trying to carry out operations such as cost management, streamline operations and improve the effectiveness of the role is very clear .Implementation of operating cost accounting model is based on operating cost management, activity-based costing is a description of the accounting system, activity-based costing in the implementation process has an important position. Elements of activity-based costing model is an element of operating cost, according to certain rules of their combination to form the operating cost and knowledge of ABCM is in the hands of the accounting elements of production cost management knowledge base. In order to carry out the operating cost management, operating cost model to build on the need for calculation of operating costs. Activity-Based Cost Management accounting involves four elements: resources, operations, cost object, cost driver. Which resources, operations and costs is the cost, and is the distribution of objects in the enterprise resources, operations and costs are often more complex object relations; cost driver is leading to changes in the cost of production factors, as long as they can lead to the cost of change is cost driver.(A) resourcesResources as an extension of a very broad concept, covering all of the value of the enterprise carrier, including materials, energy, equipment, capital and labor, etc.. However, operating cost management of resources, in essence, refers to the output or product operation carried out by costs, in other words, the cost of resources refers to the overall. The allocation of resources is targeted at the cost of consumption, or can be understood as a fee for each. Resources if the direct cost of operations and object-oriented distribution, is the traditional method of direct material costs.(B) operationOperation is defined as an organization with a purpose to the work of a drain on resources. Operation is the operation of the core elements of cost management. According to the level of business and scope of operations can be divided into the following four categories: unit operations, batch operations, product operations and support operations:(1) operating units: unit of product or service benefit from the operation, its resources are often associated with the consumption of products in direct proportion to production or sales. Common operations such as machining parts, such as a test each product;(2) other approved operations: benefit of a number of product operations, operating costs and the number of products in direct proportion to the batch. Debugging, such as common equipment, production preparation, etc.;(3) product operation: to make a product to benefit from each unit operation. For example, the preparation of NC code, product operations, such as process design;(4) to support the operation: In order to maintain normal production, all products which benefit from operations, operating costs and no correlation between the number of products. For example, plant maintenance, management and so on. Is generally believed that the first three categories, all the operations are to support the operation.(C) Cost ObjectCost Object is the object of the need for cost measurement. In accordance with the needs of the enterprises can be granted as a production cost target can also be a target species to be a cost. Customer portfolio management in the new management tool, it is necessary to calculate the profits of each customer in order to determine the target customer groups, here is the cost object for each object category can be divided into the cost of the market category of cost targets and production targets. The market to determine the object category of cost is mainly in accordance with the different market channels for different customers to determine the cost of the object, he was different channels and customers to measure the actual earnings, accounting for the results of the main decision-making and to support decision-making enterprises. Production cost is the cost of the enterprise objects, including a variety of products and semi-finished products, used to measure the results of internal production.(D) Cost DriverCost driver, referring to the interpretation of the characteristics of the operating costs of the measure, reflecting the cost of operating the use or other operations of the operating volume of consumption. Cost driver can be divided into three categories: transactional cost driver, continuity and accuracy of cost driver cost driver.(1) transaction cost driver, the operating frequency of measurement, such as the equipment to adjust the frequency of the number of orders. When all the output on the requirements of basically the same operation, the cost driver of the option transaction, to home appliances manufacturer as an example, to arrange a refrigerator production of a particular model or models to deal with the same order, the required time and energy and production of the number of products or the number of orders has nothing to do.(2) the continuity of cost driver, it reflects the need to complete a certain operation time. If a different number of products required by the operation of the resources consumption is not significant at the same time, it should be a more accurate measurement standards. For example, a simple product of each process carried out by a relatively short time to adjust equipment, and process complex product of the equipment needed to adjust the time, if the number of adjustments to equipment cost driver, then the operation may lead to cost not true at this time of equipment needed to adjust the time for more appropriate cost driver.(3) the accuracy of cost drivers, that is a direct calculation for each operation by each of the cost of consumption of resources. Per unit of time in the equipment to adjust the consumption of manpower, technology and resources, there was a significant difference in the circumstances, it may require the use of the accuracy of cost driver, direct calculation of the operating costs of the depletion of natural carry out operations in the process of cost management must be combined with their own step-by-step implementation of the actual situation. However, the application of different enterprises also have a considerable number of common factors and we will be grouped into eight major operating cost management implementation steps. Production operations in the implementation of cost management, the focus on the eight steps based on the application of innovation and flexibility is the key to the success of ABCM.(A) operations research: the process of understanding the operation of enterprises, the collection of operating informationGoal is to learn more about the business and operational process, sort out the cost of enterprise mobility and lead to the cost of the order of the factors that took place to find out the cost of the various departments of the responsibility and the responsibility to facilitate the design of control system operation.(B) operations that: master and decomposition processes mergeOperations are often dispersed in the organizational structure of enterprises, with the size of the business, technical and organizational forms vary, operations can be found several ways, first, draw the production flow chart of a variety of enterprise business process in order to form networks, each decomposition process are a number of operations, the final will be related or similar operations merge together. Another approach is to the existing functions from the enterprise sector, the analysis by investigating to determine the operation of various departments, together with a summary. The last approach is to convene a meeting of all employees, from staff or the Working Group to complete the work described in it, and then aggregated,This approach will help to raise awareness of all employees to participate in and accelerate the implementation of operating cost management, and the first two ways to obtain information faster, high accuracy and will not interfere with the staff.(C) the cost of归集: Survey and analysis of relevant costs and cost driversThe cost of various types of resources occurs, carried out by the traditional accounting records reflected in the wages due, accounts payable, inventory accounting等日, in the steps of the operation to identify and cost-related resources can be directly measure the current distribution, for example, costs of materials to the consumption of materials归集processing operations can also be through the analysis of a function or a staff working hours, operating at different distribution to estimate the cost of the functional departments or how the wages of the employees assigned to different operations. Then, according to the type of operating costs and resources to determine the nature of cost drivers.(D) the establishment of the cost of the Treasury: in accordance with the homogeneity of the cost driver related to the cost of storage will beOnce the operating cost driver selected, the homogeneity of the cost driver can be in accordance with the costs associated with归集. Cost base of each can be likelihood归集labor, direct materials, machinery and equipment depreciation, and other management costs. Adjustments such as equipment, staff salaries, benefits, materials used for the adjustment, tool wear and tear. There are several cost drivers, on the establishment of a number of the cost of the Treasury. The cost of the Treasury to establish a different standard by more than the allocation of manufacturing overhead allocation is superior to the traditional calculation of operating costs of the cost.(E) the design model: the establishment of the operating cost modelIn the operation of the enterprise and fully understand the basis of the analysis, design enterprises operating cost model, mainly to determine the following: enterprise resource, the cost of operations and to identify the object, including their classification, and the relationship between the level of various organizations, all the responsibility of calculating the main object, the allocation of resources, operating cost driver, the allocation of resources to the relationship between operations, operations to establish the relationship between the distribution of products.(Vi) Application software: selection / development of the implementation of Activity-Based Costing SystemActivity-Based Cost Management in need more than traditional accounting information, is based on the calculation of a large number of the. Implementation of operating cost, therefore applications can not be separated from the support of software tools, software tools help to complete the complex accounting tasks, contribute to the analysis of information. Activity-Based Costing software operating system provides tools for cost accounting system structure will help the establishment and management of operating cost accounting system, and complete the operation cost.(Vii) running analysis: the cost of operation and results of operations analysisOperation in the establishment of cost accounting system based on specific input data, running the operating cost method. The calculation of operating cost analysis and interpretation of results, such as the reasons for high cost, the cost of the change;(Viii) continuous improvement: to improve the work related to the achievement of value-added operationsThe implementation process of the operating costs of the problems found in the corresponding measures taken to achieve the effect of continuing improvements, such as appraisal organizations and employees, remodeling enterprise production and management processes, eliminate non-value-added operations, value-added operations to improve operating efficiency and so for cost management is to operating the starting point and the core of the traditional than the goods or services cost management as the center is a deep-rooted changes and qualitative . To adapt to the new economic and technological environment, the objective requirements. With the global economic integration and capital to speed up the process of internationalization of science and technology towards the direction of the rapid development of information technology, the diversification of market demand, personalized, modern enterprise commodity production process automation, information technology, as well as the complexity of manufacturing systems is At present the general trend is irreversible. In this new economic and technological environment, if commodity costs continue to be used in is getting smaller and smaller share of the allocation of direct labor to the growing proportion of manufacturing costs, cost of goods will lead to a serious distortion of information, to mislead the company's strategic cost management with the traditional ABCM significant difference is that enterprise customers as to meet the needs of the collection of a series of operations, business goods embodied in various operations and eventually the formation of the value transferred to customers, operating performance for the chain at the same time value chain. Thus the focus of cost management and focus from the traditional "goods" to the "operation" to the cost of operation for the distribution of the object not only to scientific and rational allocation of the various manufacturing costs, the cost of providing more objective information, but also through operations analysis, trace back, and continuously improve operations and reasonable to carry out the allocation of resources,To achieve the goal of continuing to reduce costs. Therefore, ABCM can be well adapted to high-tech economic and technological environment on the objective requirements of cost . Conducive to enhancing cost control. Since the 20th century, since the 80's, modern enterprises to enter the white-hot competition in the market. To adapt, enterprise products are a multi-species, personalization, small batch production mode of operation to meet the diverse needs of customers with each passing day. To the traditional "commodity" for the management of the core and starting point to the standard cost and actual cost variance analysis and control focusing on cost management, an increasingly difficult to adapt to this new, dynamic, unstable environment for the production and and operating costs are targeted to the completion of each operation and the consumption of resources, focusing on the basis of cost driver in a timely and effective cost control to provide the necessary information. Which can greatly enhance the cost-conscious managers, and set-based operations center responsible for cost control center operations staff responsible for the cost of rewards and punishments to control their operations directly linked to employees and give full play to the enthusiasm, creativity and the spirit of cooperation, thus effectively control . Conducive to improving the product competitiveness in the market. With the development of social production and the integration of the world economy, the modern business-to-business markets are becoming more and more intense competition and internationalization. In China, the cost of traditional management models focus only on production of goods associated with the production process of cost management, ignoring the pre-production product development and design of cost management, which has become increasingly difficult to adapt to the needs of the contemporary socio-economic development has greatly hindered Enterprise commodity markets to improve are well positioned to meet the needs of modern enterprises in the fierce competition in the market development needs, from the outset, special attention to product design, research and development and quality cost management to technical and economic unity in accordance with the principles of scientific and rational allocation of the relative enterprises with limited resources, the continuous improvement of product design, process design, as well as the composition of enterprise value chain, thereby improving the market competitiveness of goods.

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企业财务管理参考文献 如果没时间或者没头绪，可以和这边的老师探讨一下.

《财务管理学的困境与出路》李心合 - 会计研究, 2006 :

1 朱伟生，张洪革．物流成本管理[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003. 2罗珉．现代管理学[M]．成都： 西南财经大学出版社，2004. 3刘玉平．财务管理学[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2006. 4 中国注册会计师协会．财务成本管理[M]．北京：经济科学出版社，2007. 5 王德章．国际物流导论[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，.宋传联。对我国目前物流存货成本控制中的问题及对策研究。长春理工大学学报（社会科学版），20037原进兴。论“后进先出法”对确定存货成本的必要性。延安大学学报（社会科学版），20038黄新。浅析大型机械制造企业的存货管理。柴油机设计与制造，20039党潘利。如何利用Excel审计发出存货的计价。陕西审计，200310王东林。浅论适时制存货管理的实质与应用，交通企业管理，2003 自己在多找找多的很！

智慧365-学习管理的《企业财务风险管理》包括：风险管理概论、财务危机预警分析、流动资产风险管理、债务筹资风险管理、股票筹资风险管理、投资项目风险管理、并购风险管理等七章。

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