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英语医学科研论文的格式和要求
I.格式
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ICMJE)
(The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, 5th Ed., 1997，URMSBJ)(国际——温哥华格式1979年创建, 2006年2月最新版)*, 一篇生物医学科研论文(以下简称"论文")应包括以下12个部分：
7. Acknowledgements
8. References
9. Legends
and Methods 10. Figures
11. Tables
12. Plates and Explanations
II.要求
1.标题
A. 标题的要求
Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly what you have done in your work.(告诉你的同行确切研究了什么)
(America)Journal of the National Cancer Institute: within 14 words.
The British Journal of Cancer: within 100 letters
China journals: Chinese within 20 words; English within 10 lexical words
要求：
(1) Short and concise(简明扼要)：Write in one line (not a sentence); not containing an active verb; not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces; no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, . DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT, etc.; 中文标题常见的“试论”，“浅谈”，“初探”等词在英文标题中一般不用。我国的国家标准(GB-7713-87)要求将一般英文标题的实词控制在10个词以内。例：Association between Duration of Obesity and Risk of Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus 肥胖期与非依赖胰岛素糖尿病之关系
(2)Informative(信息丰富)：State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;
(3)Indexing(便于索引)：Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it; key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the "Key Words" section of the paper; key words are usually in the beginning or ending place of the title. 标题是读者检索文献的重要标识，是著录题录和索引等第二次文献的重要内容。标题中所选每一个实词必须是正确通用的术语，能提供文献检索，尽量包含关键词。要求尽量把关键词(索引词)安排在标题最前面或最后面的位置上
(4)Highlighting the head word. (突出中心词): 每条标题都有中心词，它们是能高度概括论文中心内容和主题的单词，要将其放在最显著突出的位置。中心词的内容一般是研究方法，研究对象，研究目的或效果，一般为名词，名词短语，分词短语或动名词短语。
例：Knowledge-based Technology in the Service of Health 论卫生事业中的知识技术
Cognitive Impairment and Intracranial Calcification in Chronic Hyparathyroidism 鉴别力受损与颅内钙化——甲状旁腺功能逐渐减退
美国医学写作协会(American Medical Writers Association)医学论文写作要领中对于标题的说明是：
1、Introduce the article into the scientific literature
2、Most important part of the article: the part most often read and often the only part read
3、Keep precise and brief( 85-character limit is typical)
4、Must stand alone: no abbreviations
5、Avoid: “declarative” or “headline” titles; “ Our Experience” titles; asking rhetorical questions in titles:
So start with : Effect of[explanatory variable(s) ]on [ response variable] under[conditions]”
6. 不同的医学期刊对标题的书写规则要求不同， 一般有两种形式：
1). Post-transfusion hepatitis: A report of 60 cases
2). A Successful Operation on a Pair of Female Twins With Conjoined Liver
标题中冠词的用法:
1). (The) Treatment of gram-negative shock
2). Carcinoma of the anal canal
Running title
B. 标题的结构
标题的结构一般都用名词作主干的名词短语型，这类标题结构中作为主干词的名词一般带有动词意义，有时也用完整句，以陈述句较多，偶尔也用疑问句。例：
Resolution of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Recovery from Fulminant Hepatic Failure 治疗成年人突发性肝衰竭康复后呼吸窘迫综合症
Using a Title Table to Evaluate Syncope 列表诊断晕厥
表示诊断，治疗方式或药物治疗的标题结构
这类标题中的diagnosis, treatment, therapy 等作主干的名词都带有动词意义，后跟for, in, to, with 等引导的介词短语引出病名或接受诊治的部位及所使用的药物。例：
Adjunctive Therapy with Aspirin in Vernal Conjunctivitis 用阿司匹林辅助治疗春季结膜炎
Basic Approach in the Management of Intraocular Foreign Bodies 眼内异物的基本处理方法
(药物)治疗：A治疗B(A=name of the medicine; B= name of the disease)
A in the treatment/management of B;
treatment of B with A;
use of A in the treatment of B;
A therapy/treatment of B;
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医学论文英文摘要常用句型 在那个 创新医学网 上看到过的 应该够详细了吧英文摘要限500个实词左右，一般须以第三人称过去式叙述。用词准确，逻辑性强，结构严谨。结果和结论一般用句子表达；而目的、方法（设计、地点和对象）等，则常用短语表达。（1）英文摘要的时态与语态1)说明研究目的，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时。2)说明方法和结果，一般用一般过去时、第三人称的被动语态表达。3）结论通常用一般现在时、被动语态表达，也可用主动语态表达。（2）常用句型1)表达论文内容的常用句型A 第三人称主动态①This paper(article，report)describes…本文叙述…②This paper (article)reports…本文报告…③This report(paper，article)presents…本文介绍…④This paper(article，report)discusses…本文讨论…常用的动词还有analyze(分析)，evaluate(评价)，compare(比较)，describe（描述）等。B 第一人称主动态⑤We report(on)…我们报告…⑥We describe a case of… 我们描述1例…⑦In this paper，we present… 本文介绍…⑧In this paper，we report… 本文报告…主语除we之外，还可用the authors(作者)等。C 一般现在时被动语态⑨A case is reported in which… 本文报告1例…⑩A study of…is reported本文报告…的研究⑧…is(are)described． 本文描述…⑥In this paper．…is(are)presented． 本文介绍…2)表达目的常用句型A 一般过去时、被动语态①The purpose（aim，objective） of this study was to… 本研究旨在…②The goal（aim） of this investigation was to… 本研究旨在…③This study was designed to… 本研究旨在…④This study was undertaken to… 本研究旨在…⑤This prospective study was performed to… 本前瞻性研究的目的是…⑥A study to…was carried out(during) (在…期间)所作研究的目的是…⑦An attempt has been made to… 为了…而作试验B 动词不定式短语To evaluate，report，investigate，study，analyze…C 一般过去时、主动语态⑧We（the authors）conducted a study to… 为了…我们进行了研究⑨To determine…，we studied… 为了确定…，我们研究了…⑩In an attempt to…，in an effort to…或in order to…，we carried out a pilot study… 为了…，我们进行了…的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有：evaluate(评价)，examine(检查，观察)，determine(确定，查明)，elucidate(阐明)，explore(探索)，test(测试)，compare(比较)，estimate(评估)，assess(估价)，investigate(调查)等。3)表达方法的常用句型A 方法表达研究类型 Prospective, Retrospective, Cohort，Case-control，in vivo, in vitro①Using…(technique)，we studied… 我们用…(技术)研究了…②Using…，it was found that… (我们)用…发现了…③…was(were)measured using… (我们)用…测定了…④…was(were)analyzed （reviewed） by… (我们)用…分析（回顾）了…⑤…was(were)treated with… (我们)用…治疗了…⑥…measurements were made of… 测定了…常用的动词还有：study，measure，determine， investigate，isolate，demonstrate，examine，identify等。B 分组（主语通常为patients，subjects，animals）⑦…were randomly divided （grouped） into…groups …被随机分成…组⑧…were separated into…groups based on… 根据…，将…分成…组⑨The groups were as follows： 分组如下：C 治疗或检查方法⑩… was performed（used） in (on)…patients 我们对…患者施行（应用）了…(patients) underwent…endoscopy (患者)进行了…内镜检查Surgical procedures, assay(immunohistochemistry, molecular biology…) 手术方法，测试方法…C 统计学方法Statistical methods: Student’s t test, χ2 … was used for4)表达结果的常用句型A 一般句型①The results showed （demonstrated） that…结果表明…②It was found that… (我们)发现…③It was observed that… (我们)观察到…第②和③句也可改为第一人称：We found that…和We observed that…。B 增加或减少④…decreased by(40％)…降低(40％)…⑤…(a 70％) reduction in…was observed …观察到…降低(70％)⑥There was a(15％) elevation in……增高(15％)⑦…resulted in (a marked) increase in… …导致…(明显)增高⑧…was lowered from…to… …从…下降到…表达增加或减少的常用动词还有rise，raise，decline，drop，fall，lower等。可用by表示是净增减的数或倍数，例如“…increase by 40％”，表示“增加40％”；而to表示增加或减少到某个具体数值。C 相关与差别⑨There was a significant linear correlation between…and… …与…有显著的线性相关性⑩…showed no strong correlation between…and… …显示…与…无密切相关性⑩…correlated positively with… …与…呈正相关⑥A negative correlation was found between…and… 发现…与…呈负相关⑩There was （were）（no）significant difference（s）or （No）significant difference（s）was found（observed） between…and… …与…之间…（无）有显著差别P value P值（需写出具体数字）⑩…was closely related to… …与…密切相关表示相互关系的常用词还有relationship(关系)，association(联系)，regression(回归)。D 表示改善或保持⑩…demonstrated a significant improvement in… …方面呈明显改善⑩…values returned to (preoperative)levels …值恢复到(手术前)水平⑩…remained at a mean of… …保持在…平均值水平5)表达结论的常用句型A 常用提示句型①These results suggest that…结果提示…②These findings indicate that… 这些发现表明…③The data （study）show the need for… 数据（研究）表明需要…④The results support the concept that… 结果支持…的概念⑤Our observations confirm that… 我们的观察证实…imply(提示)，demonstrate(证明)和illustrate(说明)B 做出结论或建议⑥We conclude that… 我们的结论是…⑦We suggest that…我们建议…⑧We believe that… 我们认为…⑨We postulate that…我们设想…⑩It is concluded that… 结论是…⑩It is suggested （proposed）that… 结果提示…，建议…（虚拟语气）⑥It is recommended that… 建议…⑩It is estimated that… 估计……is(are)suggested(recommended)…propose …asC 表示一致性⑩These results accord with… 结果与…一致⑩The results are concordant with…结果与…一致⑧The results agree well with…结果与…一致be consistent with，in accordance with(…与…一致)to parallel(与…相平行)D 结果转向结论⑥Thus，therefore，hence …因此，…⑥In conclusion．…最后，…⑩From this study，we conclude that…根据本项研究，我们的结论是…⑧These findings，coupled with the observation that…，suggest that…这些发现连同对…的观察结果一起，提示…⑨In the light of this experience we therefore conclude that… 根据这个经验，我们得出…的结论E 表达今后方向The mechanisms by which…remain to be investigated关于…的机制仍需研究Further studies are necessary to (evaluate)… 有必要进一步研究，以(评价)…注：按MEDLINE要求，PURPOSE，METHODS，RESULTS，CONCLUSIONS全部用大写，后加冒号。英文必须在半角状态下输入，不能全角、半角混用。
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那好好 看看 医学论文的 例子 就知道怎么写了
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这个建议楼主多看一些医学论文的范文。或者缠一下老师什么的，总之得靠自己..哈哈
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