奶牛蹄病的论文

奶牛蹄病被认为是奶牛场三种常见病之一，给奶牛场的生产造成很大的影响。一、蹄病的生成因素⑴不同品种的牛，蹄病的易感性各不相同。有些蹄病如蹄叶炎、螺旋状变形蹄及趾间增生具有遗传特性。⑵夏、秋季节雨水较多，圈舍泥泞，粪便淤积，卫生条件较差，牛蹄长期浸渍在污物中，使蹄角质软化，抵抗力降低，易发生蹄病。⑶牛长期站在水泥地面，易使软化角质过度磨损，造成蹄底严重挫伤。⑷牛运动量不足，影响牛蹄的正常磨损，易造成各种蹄变形。⑸饲料霉败变质，饲料中矿物质缺乏，特别是钙磷含量不足或比例不当，引发临床上骨质疏松，导致蹄病发生。⑹口蹄疫、坏死杆菌病等传染病的流行和传播，常可引发蹄病。二、蹄病的预防措施⑴坚决淘汰肢蹄有严重缺陷的牛，禁止将肢蹄有遗传缺陷的牛选做种用。⑵奶牛舍的地面最好用机制红砖铺制而成，水泥地面不能过于光滑，以防奶牛摔倒，但也不能过于粗糙。⑶给予牛充足的运动空间，使牛生存在干净舒适的圈舍内，减少感染蹄病的机会。奶牛的运动场地面要排水良好。运动场的地面最好呈中间高、四周略低的凸型，以利渗水和排水。运动场的地面不要铺撒炉渣、生石灰等垫料，以防损伤蹄部。⑷日粮营养合理，一般日粮营养中能量与蛋白质比例以l:5O、钙磷比例以为宜。定期在奶牛的日粮中添加一的硫酸锌，每次持续l个月以上，每年进行5次。⑸建立严格的防疫制度，杜绝－切传染病的侵入，保证牛蹄不受可能引发蹄病的传染病的侵害。定期做好奶牛场的环境消毒工作，及时清理奶牛粪便及污水，保持奶牛场地的干燥清洁，每月对环境消毒两次，杀灭致病菌。⑹在奶牛舍的出入口设－消毒池，池内放入配制好的消毒液，药液的深度以淹没奶牛的蹄部为宜，让奶牛在出入牛舍时自行消毒。或者用3%一4%福尔马林溶液和4%硫酸铜溶液进行浸泡蹄浴和喷洒蹄浴，蹄浴前一定要先清洗净牛蹄。三、蹄病的几种治疗方法⑴对各种变形蹄进行修整，尽量达到正常形态，对于蹄病严重而不能负重或负重困难的牛，可对其进行装蹄治疗，缓解负重状况。⑵病初可用蹄浴液（福尔马林、硫酸铜等）冷敷，每天l一2小时；3一4天后对蹄进行温浴，每天l一2次，持续l周左右，对蹄病的治疗有一定的效果。⑶可采取趾神经或蹄冠周围用l%普鲁卡因结合青霉素封闭疗法，也可于趾动脉内注射普鲁卡因液，炎症严重者可结合全身抗菌素治疗。⑷对于趾间赘生物增生以及真皮腐败坏死，可手术切除增生和坏死，然后按外科常规手术处理即可。总之，奶牛蹄病的防治是奶牛饲养管理中的重要工作，必须持之以恒。这样对延长奶牛的使用年限，提高牛奶的产量和质量，最终提高奶牛场的经济效益是＋分有益的。

仅供参考：An Investigation into the Situations of Lameness Disease in a Scaleful Diary Farm in Helongjiang ProvcinceSummary: Lameness is a common disease among milk cows that is caused by external injuries, bacterial or virus infections, or mal-nutrition. Lameness not only affects milk cows with their breeding and management, but also significantly lowers their productivity. If not dealt with propertly, milk cows with lameness may eventually be laid off. However, limping diseases of a milk cow have complicated causes, higher rates of incidence, longer course, and are often hard to cure, which then seriously affects the milk cow's productivity and life. As a result, such disease can cause huge economic loss to diary cattle industry. By using a 5-grade lameness evaluation method, an experiment was carried out at a scaleful diary farm in Heilongjiang Province, in an effor to analyze the impact of ranching environment and management measures towards lameness of cows. Keywords: Lameness evaluation, limping disease, breeding management

蹄病是奶牛的几大疾病之一，在生产上引起的损失较大，因为蹄病淘汰的牛数量较多，占的比例较大。对于牛的蹄病，目前主要是进行护蹄、修蹄和临床的治疗，可是我多年的生产经验说明，很多人对蹄病还不太了解。如果想把蹄病搞清楚，首先应该明白一个概念，就是蹄病是一个非常含糊和笼统的观念，它实际上包括很多疾病。如果想在蹄病方面做得更好，首先要把这些病搞清楚，而搞清这些病的前提是对牛蹄的解剖结构有大体了解。具体可以参考：

Abstract cow hoof disease has been haunting the production of a cow problem, cow hoof is important to support and campaign organ, Sports can play through the pump function, promote blood circulation. Neatsfoot health is directly related to the high-yielding cow, productivity and the use of life. Cows are related to the superior performance can play the most important factor. Confinement way with the rapid development and yield cows upgrade the standard of foot disease on dairy industry growing hazards, Each rangeland management is the most difficult one. Hoof disease has been present in dairy production as second only to mastitis and reproductive system diseases cow forced out of the three major diseases If not cow pasture feeding and management attention on prevention and treatment, will foot the morbidity rate high Cow seriously affect yield and efficiency. To study the treatment of diseases of the foot we use the following experiment Niuti integrated control measures for some time. hoof disease morbidity and by and to 4%. Amoy death rate from to and . Severely deformed right foot for foot corrective amendments, Amendment hoofed week than one month after the amendment foot a month ago to increase milk production and words : cattle; Hoof disease; Integrated pest management; ; Movement organs; Clinical results