【摘要】 目的 比较布地奈德混悬液阶梯雾化吸入和布地奈德气雾剂+贮雾罐吸入治疗婴幼儿哮喘的效果, 为改善婴幼儿哮喘提供依据。方法 106例哮喘婴幼儿随机分为观察组和对照组, 各53例。观察组采用布地奈德混悬液阶梯雾化吸入方案;对照组采用布地奈德气雾剂+贮雾罐吸入治疗。在入院时, 治疗12、24、28周时进行症状评分, 并在48周随访结束时, 统计患儿吸入依从率、发作就医次数、发作总天数、缓解期药物用量。结果 两组经治疗, 症状评分均较入院时显著改善, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中:观察组治疗12、24、48周时症状评分分别为(0.63±0.35)、(0.61±0.32)、(0.52±0.36)分, 均显著低于对照组(t值分别为6.436、6.418、6.835, P<0.05)。观察组依从率为94.34%, 显著高于对照组77.36%(P<0.05)。观察组发作就医次数、发作总天数、缓解期药物使用量分别为(2.2±1.4)次、(12.8±6.5)d、(0.18±0.13)mg/d, 均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 阶梯雾化吸入可以显著改善婴幼儿哮喘的症状评分, 提高患儿的依从率, 减少治疗期间发作次数和发作天数, 并减低布地奈德的使用量, 是目前临床上治疗婴幼儿哮喘的一种相对理想的方法。
【关键词】 婴幼儿哮喘;布地奈德;阶梯雾化吸入治疗;临床价值
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2015.18.004
Prospective study of budesonide suspension in escalation aerosol inhalation therapy for infantile asthma ZHU Zhen-qing. Department of Pharmacy, Henan Shangqiu City the First People’s Hospital, Shangqiu 476100, China
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the effects between budesonide suspension in escalation aerosol inhalation therapy and budesonide aerosol+spacer inhalation therapy in the treatment of infantile asthma, in order to provide reference for improving infantile asthma. Methods A total of 106 children with infantile asthma were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 53 cases in each group. The observation group received budesonide suspension in escalation aerosol inhalation therapy, and the control group received budesonide aerosol+spacer inhalation therapy. Symptoms scores were taken in admission, 12, 24, 28 weeks of treatment. Compliance rate of inhalation, onset medical visit times, total onset time, drug dose in catabasis were summarized at the end of follow-up in 48 weeks. Results After treatment, both groups had improved symptom score than that in admission, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Symptom score in 12, 24, 48 weeks were (0.63±0.35), (0.61±0.32), and (0.52±0.36) points in the observation group. Those were much lower than the control group (t values were 6.436, 6.418, 6.835, P<0.05). The observation group had higher compliance rate as 94.34% than 77.36% of the control group (P<0.05). The observation group had much lower onset medical visit times, total onset time, drug dose in catabasis as (2.2±1.4) times, (12.8±6.5) d, and (0.18±0.13) mg/d than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Escalation aerosol inhalation therapy can effectively improve symptom score and compliance of infantile asthma, and reduce onset times and budesonide dose in treatment. This is an ideal method in present clinical treatment for infantile asthma. 【Key words】 Infantile asthma; Budesonide; Escalation aerosol inhalation therapy; Clinical value
哮喘是婴幼儿常见呼吸道疾病[1]。吸入糖皮质激素是目前婴幼儿哮喘治疗的主要方法。布地奈德混悬液是常见的糖皮质激素药物[2]。布地奈德气雾剂+贮雾罐吸入是治疗婴幼儿哮喘的常规方法。但是该法存在操作繁琐、有效药物浓度不高等缺陷[3]。近年来本院比较了布地奈德混悬液阶梯雾化吸入与布地奈德气雾剂+贮雾罐吸入两种方法在婴幼儿哮喘中的治疗效果, 发现阶梯雾化吸入具有更好的优势, 操作简单, 症状改善效果更好, 是一种理想的治疗方案。现将有关结果报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选择2012年9月~2013年8月在本院收治的哮喘婴幼儿共106例。纳入标准:均经全国儿科哮喘协作组制定的哮喘标准予以确诊[4];完成12个月完整随访;家长(或监护人)对本研究知情同意, 签署《知情同意书》。排除标准:合并有重要器官功能不全者;因各种原因不能完成整个治疗周期者;不能配合随访或不能完成整个随访期;擅自在治疗期间停药者。根据家长(或监护人)的意见, 将所有患儿分为观察组和对照组, 各53例。其中:观察组男36例, 女17例;年龄3个月~3岁, 平均年龄(12.6±7.9)个月;入院时临床症状评分为(2.24±0.36)分。对照组男35例, 女18例;年龄3个月~3岁, 平均年龄(12.3±8.2)个月;入院时临床症状评分(2.27±0.38)分。两组性别、年龄、临床症状评分等一般资料比较, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 研究具有可比性。
1. 2 方法 观察组采用布地奈德混悬液阶梯雾化吸入方案。对照组采用布地奈德气雾剂+贮雾罐吸入治疗。具体治疗方法如下。
1. 2. 1 阶梯雾化吸入方案 1 mg布地奈德混悬液+1 ml生理盐水, 2次/d, 持续3~7 d。症状减轻后, 布地奈德混悬液减量至0.5 mg, 生理盐水增加到2 ml, 2次/d, 持续7~14 d。期间进行症状评分, 如症状评分<1分且持续2 d以上, 布地奈德混悬液减量至0.25 mg, 生理盐水增加至2.5 ml, 2次/d, 持续14~21 d。如果症状评分在此期间依然<1分, 布地奈德混悬液每次用量再减至0.125 mg, 生理盐水增至3 ml, 持续4~6周。此后根据症状评分, 如始终<1分, 逐步减量, 并