英语论文outline参考

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

outline 有三种 很简约的说 outline thesis：XXXXX(是一句话,要打句点）（下面的都是单词和短语 不打句点) Ⅰ.XXXX Ⅱ.XXXX Ⅲ.XXXXX outline (格式和TOPIC OUTLINE 是一样的,但是下面的小点和层次都是一句话的形式） thesis和下面的层次是一排起头的 outline 格式也是一样的 但是第一层是要是一句话的 ,一下的都是短语和单词组成,是前面2种的混合体

V. Thesis Outline:

I. Introduction.

II. On Developing English Reading Skills in Junior High School.

. Current Situation and Problems of Junior High School Students in English Reading.

. Reasons of Currents Problems in English Reading.

Ⅲ. Ways to develop Students’ English Reading Skills.

. Developing Students’ Reading Habits.

. Specific Measures in developing Reading Skills.

Broadening Students’ Vocabulary.

Improving Students’ Reading Interests.

Training Students’ Reading Speed While Reading.

Choose Proper Reading Materials and Strategies.

Ⅳ. Extending Students’ Eye Shot in Extracurricular Reading.

Ⅴ. Conclusion.

扩展资料

定义和用法

注释：轮廓线不会占据空间，也不一定是矩形。

outline 简写属性在一个声明中设置所有的轮廓属性。

可以按顺序设置如下属性：

outline-color

outline-style

outline-width

如果不设置其中的某个值，也不会出问题，

比如outline:solid #ff0000也是允许的。

默认值：invert none medium.

继承性：no.

版本：CSS2.

JavaScript 语法："#0000FF dotted thin"

参考资料：百度百科-outline

英语论文提纲outline格式：

1．论文题目：准确、简洁、醒目、新颖。

2．目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简短列表。（短文不需要列出）

3、小结：是文章的主要内容摘录，简短、精练、完整。字数可以少于几十个字，300字以上为宜。

4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的标题、摘要和正文中挑选出来的，是表达论文中心内容具有实质性意义的词汇。关键词是用来标记文章内容特点的词语。一般每篇论文选择3－8个单词作为关键词，在“feed”的左下方再安排一行。

主语词是一个已经标准化的词。在确定主题词时，应根据索引和分组规则，对论文进行主题化，并在主题词表中转换为标准词。

5．主要内容：

引言：引言，又称前言、前言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言部分应概述作者的意图，说明选题的目的和意义，并指出论文的范围。引言应该简短扼要，紧扣主题。

论文主体：论文主体是论文的主体。主体包括：陈述－论证；分析问题－论点和论点；解决问题－演示和步骤；结论。

6．论文的参考文献是在论文和写作中可以被引用或引用的主要参考资料，列在论文的最后。参考文献应该是另一页，按照“gb7714－2005后的参考文献描述规则”进行标记。标题—作者—出版信息（版本地点、出版商、出版日期）：作者—标题—出版信息

所列参考文献的要求是：所列参考文献必须是正式出版物，供读者核实。所列参考文献应注明序号、著作或文章名称、作者、出版资料。论文的提纲也可以采用最简单的格式和分类，简单明了地陈述论文的目的、依据和意义，甚至两句话。

这样的大纲经常用于科学论文中，其中的概念是相关的，而不是单独讨论。如果一，二，三…点代写，往往会变成“八股文”模式，这样的论文往往是临摹论文，其真正的科学价值会大大降低。

扩展资料：

其他文件格式

参考格式是指为撰写论文而引用已发表文献的格式。按参考文献类型可分为专著［M］、会议论文集［C］、报刊文章［N］、期刊文章［J］、学术论文［D］、报告［R］、标准［S］、专利［P］、论文［A］、期刊［G］。

许多文件格式都有开放的、标准化的或建议的格式。这些规范或建议描述了如何对数据进行编码和安排。

有时还指定是否需要特定的计算机程序来读取或处理它。有两种情况不公开文件格式。首先，开发人员将文件格式视为商业机密。其次，开发人员不愿意或者很少花时间在规范文档上。

需要注意的是，使用非公共文件格式可能会产生额外的成本。要理解这种类型的文件格式，您需要对结果文件进行反向工程，或者付钱给开发人员以获得文件格式。第二种方法通常涉及与开发人员签订的防扩散协议。无论哪种方式都既耗时又费钱。

Title:Main idea:(全篇课文的)接下来写 全文分成几部分，每一部分的意思EG.注意数字的用法，有要求先是罗马字：I .一级标题 A.二级标 1 三级 a四级 (1)五级 II.接下也一样