英语口语论文

论英语口语教学存在的问题与对策

论文摘要： 文章从大学英语口语教学存在的问题出发，提出了改进口语教学的措施，旨在更好地培养大学生的英语口语能力。 随着中外交流的增多，英语表达能力的重要性日益突显。从历届大学生走向后反馈的信息来看，绝大部分人面临着英语口语的挑战。在过程中，许多招聘单位、尤其是独资或合资企业，对应聘者的应用能力、特别是口语要求很高，而这恰恰是大部分毕业生的弱项。因此，大学口语教学就成为外语教学改革的重点、难点之一。 一、大学英语口语教学中存在的问题 1.教师存在的不利因素 （1）落后的教学方法限制了学生创新能力的培养。学生在英语课堂上接受的大都是以班级为单位的整体学习，主要表现为传统的“式”教学。其教学过程大致分为：新词学习→语法提示→大意翻译→课后练习→对话领读→模仿表演六个环节。学生只是单一地接受书本知识，按照书本中的对话模式进行跟读、复制或模仿，失去了独立思考、发挥创造的空间，限制了创新能力的培养。 （2）传统的教学模式影响了口语教学效果的发挥。传统教学模式赋予了教师在课堂教学中充当领导者、支配者的权利，而学生的角色只能服从安排、听从指挥。单一的模式突出了教师的地位，强调了教师的作用，却忽视了教学过程中真正的核心——学生。正如Earl Stevick强调，教学过程中“至关重要的是把‘学习原则’放在‘教学原则’之前”。 （3）单一的教学内容阻碍了口语教学质量的提高。目前，部分英语口语教材内容简单、形式单一，仅仅收集与主题相关的'生词短语，归纳要点和重要句型，编排主题情景对话，设置课堂及课后练习。千篇一律的教学内容无法调动学生学习英语的积极性，甚至会使他们产生“厌烦”情绪，阻碍了口语教学质量的提高。 2.学生存在的问题 （1）对英语口语学习存在障碍。受自身性格和传统“面子”观念的影响，多生在学习英语的过程中总是怕说错、怕受责备、怕被耻笑，使得他们越发惧怕开口说英语，形成了心理障碍，导致了口语表达时的紧张和焦虑，影响了正常的思维和交流。黔南职业技术学院（以下简称“我院”）2009级商务英语班抽样的数据显示：75%的学生认为个人的性格和焦虑的心态是影响英语口语学习的重要因素。 （2）英语口语水平普遍较低。长期以来，大部分学生在学校里接受的都是以应试为目的的“填鸭式英语”或“英语”。在学习过程中，学生更偏向于理论化、概念化、模式化的学习，很少甚至几乎没有口头训练的机会，导致了学生“知道要说什么，却不知怎么开口”的状况，严重制约了英语口语能力的提高。 （3）词汇量的匮乏。词汇是构成语篇、形成语义、搭建交流最基本的要素。由于缺乏词汇量，很多学生无法真实获得交际对象的信息，甚至会误解、曲解已接收到的信息，致使交流出现障碍。同时，词汇量的匮乏使得学生无法正确、自如、恰当地表达内心观点，阻碍了语言的交流。 （4）过于看重语法规则。受应试的影响，许多学生在英语学习过程中多以语习为重点。机械地背诵语法规则，使得学生不能适应大学英语更注重应用能力培养的要求，仍然无法改变在开口说话之前先进行语法判断和成分分析的习惯，以至于错过了最好的信息交换时机，严重阻碍了口语交流。 （5）缺少开口说英语的机会和氛围。我生是在单一的中学习和成长的。除每周有限的几节英语口语课外，日常交际多以汉语为主，很少有运用英语进行口语交流的机会。即便是在英语口语课上进行情景模拟表演或仿真训练，有限的课时也不能真正满足英语口语训练的要求、适合口语能力的培养。 （6）缺乏训练口语的主动性。因自身英语口语的基础相对不牢，同时受性格和传统观念的影响，大多数学生不愿主动开口进行口语训练。课堂参与教学活动、课后完成学习任务只是为了获得相应学分、应付期末考试。我院2009级商务英语班抽样调查数据表明：每周几乎不作口语训练的占43%，作1小时左右口语训练的占39%，作2小时以上口语训练的仅占18%。 二、改进大学口语教学的策略 1.抓好语音教学 语音教学是的重要环节之一。要想学好英语，首先必须过好语音关。而语音教学的基础是音标教学，学好音标是学好英语的前提。掌握正确的发音方法和发音技巧，能帮助学生解决单词拼读和记忆的困难。 2.创造良好的英语口语学习 受各种因素影响，学生平时接触、运用英语的机会较少。同时，英语口语教学主要依靠课堂教学进行，缺乏真实的交流机会。因此，英语口语教师应尽可能为学生创造说英语的机会，设计英语交际情景，结合英语组织教学，为其营造良好的英语语音氛围，促进教学的开展。 3.转变英语口语教学理念 “以学生为中心”的教学思想使教师角色发生了根本变化。教师不再是整个课堂的中心，而是教学活动的组织者和协调者。在整个教学过程中，教师处于主导地位，引导学生参与教学活动，启发他们思考问题，深入了解情况，变“单向式”教学为“双向式”互动。 4.合理运用科学的教学方法 英语口语教师不能仅仅采用单一的“对话式”教学，更应借助各种网络资源和多媒体辅助教学。通过确定目标、布置任务、分工协作、效果验收和评价反馈五个阶段的教学，采用复述、概述、描述、问答、讨论、表演、辩论和等方式，发挥英文歌曲、及课堂互动游戏的作用，激活学生的思维，提高他们的参与度，充分展现视、听、说结合的优势，丰富教学形式，提高教学质量。 5.激发学生学习英语的兴趣 美国著名学家布卢姆说：“一个带着积极情感学习课程的学生，应该比那些缺乏热情、乐趣或兴趣的学生，或者比那些对学习感到焦虑和恐惧的学生，学习得更加轻松、更加远博。”“兴趣是最好的老师”，是培养一切的开始。因此，英语口语教师应想方设法在口语课堂中突出知识的实用性、语言的交际性、活动的趣味性，主题应贴近学生的生活、符合其年龄特点，内容应广泛，不能拘泥于形式或局限于课本。 6.开展形式多样的第二课堂活动 英语口语教师应重视课内外的有机结合，在注重课堂教学的同时，积极开展丰富多彩的第二课堂活动。如英语角、英语卡拉OK比赛、英语比赛、英语书法比赛、英语演讲比赛、英语舞台剧表演、英语朗诵比赛、英语广播站和英语聊天室，等等，鼓励学生参与课言实践，丰富学习内容。 7.丰富教材内容 目前，口语教材中的听说多媒体教材大都供学生自主学习使用，适合课堂教学的资源如背景资料、相关视频和音频等处于相对匮乏的状况。课堂教学是口语教学的重要组成部分，口语教师因此应加强自身的学习，提高业务水平，积累教学经验，收集日常生活和教学改革实践中的有用素材，积极引进宝贵资源，借助多媒体技术设计、开发适合课堂教学的、符合学生实际情况的、结合学生专业的教学课件。 8.培养跨意识，了解中差异 英语口语教师有必要在进行口语教学的同时向学生介绍相关的文化背景知识，让他们了解英语的语言特点，以及英语国家的自然风光、风土人情、背景和习俗。通过电影、录像、歌曲和图片，全方位地让学生接触英美文化，培养跨文化意识，从而能真正解英语，说好英语。 大学英语口语课程教学中存在诸多问题，教师可在实际教学中恰当运用应对策略，改进教学模式，提高教学质量，培养学生口语表达的能力。 参考文献： [1]张正东.外语教学技巧新论[M].北京:北京科学出版社,2003. [2]蔡基刚.大学英语教学若干问题思考[J].外语教学与研究,2005,(2).

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1. First, English is the bridge of our knowing and understanding the the advance of globalization, the economic, trade, tourism, academic exchanges between China and foreign are increasing. English has been related with our work, study and daily life. 70% of the global high-end information and communication are conducted in English. Meanwhile, the English implied in the western way of thinking, culture and background. Therefore, learning English no doubt becomes a peer bridge of our understanding the world. Here, I was so lucky to participate in this course, thus I cherish this opportunity very , the teaching methods was flexible, which leaded the students active to learnWe have two teachers, one from the United States, WILLIE, the other is from Sweden, Arshoure. WILLIE was very familiar with Chinese culture; he gave us a topic in each class. Meantime, his teaching way was flexible and he was often able to inspire students enthusiasm, to give us many opportunities for expression, and he introduced us American culture. I like this way very much. Another foreigner always taught us by using some images and pictures and CD, mobilized all the imagination and interest with more humor, vivid, lively ways. Furthermore he always introduced the differences between western and eastern culture. I felt it very , my learning ways and my harvestI learned the English in my spare time only but English classes twice a week. I listened the English conversation and English songs on my way to work every day. Sometimes I watched the English programs and news in CCTV channel. I often watched the movie “six old friends” (20 minutes / set, the standard American accent). it helped me to improve the English level and know the US culture. It was really wonderful and funny. In addition, I talked with other partners to practice with spoken English, to communicate with earning experience, to open our eyes, to inspire our interest. I believe that my speaking English level can improve in the near this term , I’m sure that I’ve made some certain progress in my oral English though it’s not so remarkable .I can open my mouth more easily than ever before and I can understand English films better without staring on the screen. It’s really a breakthrough to me. Looking back this term ,I think I gain the most on Oral English class .It’s no doubt that practice speaking English everyday is the most effective way of improving our spoken and daily oral English . I think I benefit much by this way. Though I can’t insist in practicing everyday , I do spend a certain amount of time speaking every week, especially when I have a bath with a roommate next door .I feel quite enjoyable at such a time. But for next term, I should keep practicing everyday . Keep writing diary is also helpful. It help us to get use to the way of organizing English in mind. If we can organize words in mind rapidly ,we can definitely express ourselves fluently. So go on writing English diary is still a necessity. And for dubbing , I do like it .Like what Amy said , dubbed once, we made a great progress in pronunciation and tone . And we also strengthened our feeling of English. So I ‘m so glad that Amy give us another chance to try dubbing. But I think if we can choose the film freely, that would be better . And it’s really useful to imitate the pronunciation while watching English-spoken films. However, I still have trouble in opening my mouth , because I ’m afraid of making mistakes, especially when I talk with Amy, I ’m so confused about this. Maybe that’s due to my nervousness. Once I heard one of a senior students of the Commercial Department said that he improved his spoken English by capturing every chance talking with foreign teachers . So I need to talk with our experienced teachers as often as possible. But for teachers are not available at any time , I had better make a long term plan with some of my schoolmates, so that I can practice English everyday in the near two years. I’ll bet the result will be satisfying. Furthermore , I will make the most use of English songs and films to improve my oral English, because I’m keen on singing and seeing English films. Another important point here , I should add the number of my vocabulary by all kinds of ways, for it’s the basic factor of speaking English well. Moreover, I should take advantage of my computer to watch more English programs on line, for example , the English news. So there are various things to do in the near future, and the only problem is that whether I can manage them. Come on !