Here are some references: [1]吴伟仁.英国文学史及选读[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1988... [2]朱维之 赵濆.外国文学史[M].天津南开出版社,1994... [3].二十世纪文学评论[A].."Twenty- Century Literary Criticism"[C].,1981... [4]Dave, Jagdish Chandra"The Human Predicament in Hardy's Novels"[M]London:Macmillan Press LTD, 1985. [5]Gatrell,Simon "Thomas Hary and the Proper Study of Mankind"[M]London: Macmillan Press LTD,1993. [6]Draper,. "Thomas Hardy:The Tragic Novels"[M]London:Macmillan Education LTD , 1975. [7]Langbaum,Robert"Thomas Hardy in Our Time"[M]London:Macmillan Press LTD, 1995. [8]Pinion, . "A Hardy Companion" [ M] London: Macmillan Press LTD,1968. [9]Pinion,E. B. "Thomas Hardy:Art and Thought"[M]London: Macmillan press LTD, 1977. [10]Peck,John."How to Study a Thomas Hardy NOvel"[M]London: Macmillan Press LTD, 1987. [11]Pinion, E. B. "Thomas'Hardy: Art and Thought" [ M ] London:Macmilan Press LTD, 1977. P. 135. [12]"Twenty - Century Literary Criticism" book 4 [ C ] London:Macmillan Press LTD. 1981. P. 1148. [13]Thomas Hardy,"Tess of the D' urberville"[M] Beijin: Foreign Language Teaching & research Press. 1994 P. 226. [14]同上, P226. [15]Dave,Jagdish Chandra "The Human Predicament in Hardy's Novels"[M]London:Macmillan Press LTD . 156. [16]Thomas Hardy,"Tess of the D' urberville" [ M ] Beijin: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press 1994. P. 101. [17]同上,. [18]同上,P. 103. [19]吴伟仁.《英国文学史及选读》[M].Beijin:Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press,.. [20]Thomas Hardy,"Tess of the D' urberville" [ M ] Beijin: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press, . [21]John Peck,"How to Study a Thomas Hardy Novel"[ M]London: Macmillan Publishers LTD, 1987. P. 52.