无线传感器网络论文

方向盘转角传感器将方向盘转角转换为一个可以代表驾驶员期望的行驶方向的信号，方向盘转角一般是根据光电编码来确定的，安装在转向柱上的编码盘上包含了经过编码的转动方向、转角等信息。这一编码盘上的信息由接近式光电耦合器进行扫描...

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摘要:本文简述了无线传感器网络的定义、组成及特点，并结合其特点介绍了无线传感器网络在各行各业广泛的应用价值和未来发展前景以及目前存在的技术问题。 关键词:无线传感器网络；组成；应用；发展 科技发展的脚步越来越快，人类已经置身于信息时代。而作为信息获取最重要和最基本的技术——传感器技术，也得到了极大的发展。传感器信息获取技术已经从过去的单一化渐渐向集成化、微型化和网络化方向发展，并将会带来一场信息革命。具有感知能力、计算能力和通信能力的无线传感器网络（WSN, wireless sensor networks）综合了传感器技术、嵌人式计算技术、分布式信息处理技术和通信技术，能够协作地实时监测、感知和采集网络分布区域内的各种环境或监测对象的信息，并对这些信息进行处理，获得详尽而准确的信息，传送到需要这些信息的用户。 由于WSN的巨大应用价值，它已经引起了世界许多国家的军事部门、工业界和学术界的广泛关注，被广泛地应用于军事，工业过程控制、国家安全、环境监测等领域。 无线传感器网络综合了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、现代网络及无线通信技术、分布式信息处理技术等多种领域，是当前计算机网络研究的热点。 一、发展概述 早在上世纪70年代，就出现了将传统传感器采用点对点传输、连接传感控制器而构成传感器网络雏形，我们把它归之为第一代传感器网络。随着相关学科的不断发展和进步，传感器网络同时还具有了获取多种信息信号的综合处理能力，并通过与传感控制器的相联，组成了有信息综合和处理能力的传感器网络，这是第二代传感器网络。而从上世纪末开始，现场总线技术开始应用于传感器网络，人们用其组建智能化传感器网络，大量多功能传感器被运用，并使用无线技术连接，无线传感器网络逐渐形成。 无线传感器网络是新一代的传感器网络，具有非常广泛的应用前景，其发展和应用，将会给人类的生活和生产的各个领域带来深远影响。发达国家如美国，非常重视无线传感器网络的发展，IEEE正在努力推进无线传感器网络的应用和发展，波士顿大学（Boston University）还于最近创办了传感器网络协会（Sensor Network Consortium），期望能促进传感器联网技术开发。美国的《技术评论》杂志在论述未来新兴十大技术时，更是将无线传感器网络列为第一项未来新兴技术，《商业周刊》预测的未来四大新技术中，无线传感器网络也列入其中。可以预计，无线传感器网络的广泛是一种必然趋势，它的出现将会给人类社会带来极大的变革。 二、无线传感器网络的定义和特点 无线传感器网络可以看成是由数据获取网络、数据分布网络和控制管理中心三部分组成的。其主要组成部分是集成有传感器、数据处理单元和通信模块的节点,各节点通过协议自组成一个分布式网络,再将采集来的数据通过优化后经无线电波传输给信息处理中心。 无线传感器网络操作系统Tiny0S141的研制者，Jason Hill博士把WSN定义为： Sensing＋CPU＋Radio＝Thousands of potential application 哈尔滨工业大学的李建中教授将WSN定义为：WSN是由一组传感器节点以自组织的方式构成的有线或无线网络，其目的是协作地感知、采集和处理网络覆盖的地理区域中感知对象的信息，并发布给观察者。从硬件上看，WSN节 点主要由数据采集单元、数据处理单元、无线数据收发单元以及小型电池单元组成，通常尺寸很小，具有低成本、低功耗、多功能等特点；从软件上看，它借助于节点中内置传感器有效探测所处区域的温度、湿度、光强度、压力等环境参数以及待测对象的电压、电流等物理参数，并通过无线网络将探测信息传送到数据汇聚中心 进行处理、分析和转发。原文出自：