金融学文章

作者：Liu Cao链接：来源：知乎著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。我猜题主是想通过读作为学科foundation的这些paper来进行金融入门，曾几何时我也有和楼主相似的想法，并自己做了一点Researching ，也整理出了一点成果，我就试着根据这些Paper为知友们理一理现代金融发展的脉络吧。(提醒：为了给新手一个金融学发展的直观的感受，我选择了用时间顺序列举Paper的办法，而不是按传统的分 投资学/公司金融 两块（PT-CAPM-EMH-MM-BSM）[3]来列举的。)－－－－－－首先，金融的一切一切的Foundation，Daniel Bernoulli （瑞士人）在1738年写的：Specimen Theoriae Novae de Mensura Sortis," Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, Tomus V 1738, pp. 175-192.这篇论文提出了用期望效用衡量风险的新方法，从某种角度上定义了Risk这个现代金融学研究的最本质的东西。原文是拉丁文，英译(1954版)：Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk,Daniel Bernoulli,Econometrica, Vol. 22, No. 1. (Jan., 1954), pp. （Citation 数据来自Google Scholar，写答案时候顺手刷新的，更新日期： 2014/2/17 2:52 am，下同）－－－－－－然后？ 黑喂狗！－－－－－－1. The birth of finance--Portfolio Theory.正如Eugene F. Fama ［2］所说：Finance has its birth in 1952 with the PhD thesis of Harry Markowitz on portfolio theory that he did in the Department of Economics.所以这篇Paper肯定是逃不开的：Markowitz, Harry. "Portfolio selection*." The journal of finance (1952): 虽然题主把范围限制在了Paper，不过如果感兴趣的话书也可以看看：Markowitz, Harry M. Portfolio selection: efficient diversification of investments. Vol. 16. Yale University Press, 把收益和风险这两个在过去原本有点含糊的概念明确为具体的数学概念，相当于指明了金融中的一大块，投资学的研究方向：最大收益，最小方差。奠基石的作用啊。－－－－－－ of Corporate finance--MM theorem.一句话概括该定理就是：在理想的市场条件下,公司的价值与财务政策无关。他们的研究算是真正的给Corporate Finance这门学科奠定了基础。Modigliani, Franco, and Merton H. Miller. "The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment." The American economic review (1958): －－－－－－ bridge between risk and return--Capital Assets Pricing ModelCAPM模型从均衡的角度阐述了风险和收益之间的关系，这个模型提供的insight几乎是照亮了以后金融研究的道路，后来的APT,EMH都是建立在此之上。Sharpe, William F. "Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk*." The journal of finance (1964): , J., 1965, The valuation of risk assets and theselection of risky investments in stock portfolios and capitalbudgets, Review of Economics and Statistics, 47:13‐, J., 1966, Equilibrium in a capital asset market,Econometrica, 34: 768‐－－－－－－ does our market behave? --Efficient Market Theory我们学习金融理论很多时候都会看到这样的假设：假设市场有效.....我们得出....那么市场真的有效吗？Fama, E. F., 1965, Random walks in stockmarket prices, Financial Analysts Journal,September/, E. F., 1970, Efficient Capital Markets: Areview of theory and empirical work, Journalof Finance, 25: 383‐－－－－－－ Greatest Financial Theory Ever--Black-Scholes-Merton Model这个Greatest当然是我这个无名小辈封的，不过Fama也这么说哦［2］The Black-Scholes paper is, in my view, the most important paper in economics of the 20th century. No other paper has to be learned by every single economist getting a PhD and has also created an industry—the derivatives industry.别的theory都是奠定了什么什么基础，BSM Model直接创造了迄今为止可能最赚钱（也最亏钱，衍生品往往是零和博弈）的行业－－金融衍生品行业Merton, Robert C. "Theory of rational option pricing." (1971): , Robert C. "Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous." Journal of financial economics (1976): , F., and M. Scholes, 1973, The pricing ofoptions and corporate liabilities, Journal of PoliticalEconomy, 81: 637‐654Citation:24015－－－－－－ theory to Practical--APTAPT因素模型选股，一个学长在CICC就正在做这个。。简单的说该模型就是把一个Return拆成了不同的factor，类似于计量里的多元线性回归。Ross, S. A., 1976, The arbitrage theory of capitalasset pricing, Journal of Economic Theory, 13: 341‐, S. A., 1978, A simple approach to thevaluation of risky streams, Journal of Business, 51:453‐至此，现代金融学的大厦基本构建完毕。－－－－－－以上提到的这些人中，大部分都拿过炸药奖，其中：FRANCO MODIGLIANI -1985HARRY M. MARKOWITZ -1990MERTON M. MILLER-1990WILLIAM F. SHARPE-1990ROBERT C. MERTON - 1997MYRON SCHOLES -1997EUGENE FAMA-2013－－－－－－最后提一句，建议知友们平衡好看Original Paper和Explained Material（Textbook, PPT ）之间的关系，Paper作为第一手资料固然好，但是却真的不适合入门，Textbook讲的有条理且浅显易懂，但却不利于我们领略这个理论本来是什么样子的，阻碍了我们进一步理解这些理论。所以建议知友们可以先看经典的课本入门，然后课本对照Paper学习。PS:这有1978年后，影响力比较大的finance相关的论文：finance - Google ScholarReference［1］肖欣荣，投资学讲义，对外经济贸易大学［2］.Eugene F. Fama：A brief history of finance and my life at Chicago［3］ The history of finance编辑于 2014-09-2364 条评论感谢分享 收藏•没有帮助•举报• 作者保留权利 收起甜橙，学术是一件很单纯很幸福的事情。收录于 编辑推荐•117 人赞同我读的偏corporate finance，结合文献课list、专业书籍以及自己总结做一个推荐，感谢授课的诸位老师们。Capital Structure MM理论：无税MM与有税MMModigliani, F. and M. Miller,1958, The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Invest…显示全部我读的偏corporate finance，结合文献课list、专业书籍以及自己总结做一个推荐，感谢授课的诸位老师们。Capital Structure MM理论：无税MM与有税MMModigliani, F. and M. Miller,1958, The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment, AmericanEconomic Review, 48(3), , F. and M. Miller, 1963, Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital: A Correction, American Economic Review, 53(3), 433-443.权衡理论Robichek, A. A., S. C. Myers, 1966. Problems in the theory of optimal capital structure[J]. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis: , H., and R. W. Masulis, 1980. Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation[J]. Journal of financial Economics, 8(1): 3-29. 融资优序理论Myers, Stewart and Nicholas Majluf, 1984, Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have, Journal of Financial Economics 13, 187-221. 择时理论Baker,Malcolm and Jeffrey Wurgler, 2002, Market timing and capitalstructure, Journal of Finance 57, 1-32.代理理论Jensen, M. C., and W. H. Meckling,1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure[J]. Journal of financial economics, 3(4): 305-360. 这篇的经典之处在于开代理理论之先河，之后很多财务学问题都围绕代理问题展开。------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------以上为资本结构理论中的经典文章，这个专题比较复杂，还有很多其他的理论，但对于非专业领域的人，读一读以上这些绝对已经足够了。Raising CapitalRock, K , 1986, Why New Issuesare Underpriced?, Journal of Financial Economics, 15, 187-212.引入信息不对称解释IPO折价2. Dittmar, Amy and Anjan Thakor,2007, Why Do Firms Issue Equity? Journalof Finance62, 1-54Payout Policy1. Bhattacharya, 1979, Imperfection Information, Dividend Policy, and "the bird in the hand" fallacy, The Bell Journal of Economics首次将信号理论应用到股利政策的领域中。Corporate InvestmentPolicyFazzari, S., R. G. Hubbard, andB. Peterson, 1988, Financing constraints and corporate investment, BrookingsPapers on Economic Activity 1, 141-195Asset Pricing 1. Markowitz, H., 1952. Portfolio selection. The journal of finance, 7(1): 77-91.均值-方差投资组合 2. Sharpe, W. F.,1964 . Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. The journal of finance, 19(3): 的学生，在老师的基础上发展出CAPM模型。 3. Malkiel, B. G., and E. F. Fama, 1970. Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. The journal of Finance, 25(2): 383-417.有效市场假说 4. Black, F., and M. Scholes, 1973. The pricing of options and corporate liabilities. The journal of political economy: 637-654.期权定价理论前面这四篇是现代财务理论的五大基础理论，还有一个是MM理论，在资本结构中已经列出。读文献可以先从这五篇读起。这三篇是Fama很经典的定价模型，可以看看： 5. Fama, E. F., andK. R. French, 1992. The Cross-Section of Expected Returns. Journal of Finance,427-465. 6. Fama, E. F., andK. R. French, 1993. Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and of Financial Economics, 33, 3-56. 7. Fama,E. F. and K. R. French, 1996. Multifactor Explanations of Asset PricingAnomalies, Journal of Finance51, Finance这是我最喜欢的领域！！！这里挑几篇比较新的文献来介绍吧，都是一个很牛的老师精选出来的百里挑一的好文章。Hong,Harrison, and Marcin Kacperczyk, 2009, The price of sin: The effects of socialnorms on markets, Journal of Financial Economics 93, , and Geoffrey Tate, 2005, CEO overconfidence and corporate investment, Journal of Finance 60, 2661–700. Hilary,Gilles, and Kai Wai Hui, 2009, Does religion matter in corporate decisionmaking in America?, Journal of Financial Economics 93, , Jeremy Page, and Oliver Spalt, 2011, Religious beliefs, gambling attitudes,and financial market outcomes, Journalof Financial Economics102, , 1998, Are investors reluctant to realize their losses?, Journal ofFinance 53, 1775-1798.个人觉得去数据库里下载很麻烦，推荐下载文献用谷歌学术搜索吧，即便你的学校没有购买很多的数据库，或者你已经毕业了，有很多文章在这里都可以直接下载。建议如果是入门，还是先读经典文献，找到自己感兴趣的领域，并利用这一领域的经典文献绘制知识体系，再去读前沿文献，一样是谷歌学术搜索。如果不知道怎么判断好论文，最简单的方法是找发表在顶级期刊的最新论文，公司金融领域有JF、JFE等等。

Planning a share portfolioTere is no shortage of tipsters around offering"get-rich-quick' if you are a serious private investor,leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to serious investor needs a proper'portfolio'-a well-planned selection of investments,with a definite structure and a clear exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?5 Well,if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money,you're likely to get five different answers-even if you give all the relevant infoumation about your age,family,finances and what you want from your is no one "right‘way to structure a undoubtedly some wrong ways,and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all(or perhaps any)of your money into Periwigs*.10 so what should you do?We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics-like mortgages,pensions,insurance and access to sufficient cash should then establish your own individual are partly a matter of personal circumstances,partly a matter of psychology. For instance,if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses,and you may well wish to boost your pension preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main this ease,you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones),along with gilts,cash deposits,and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts. If you are younger,and in a solid financial position,you may decide to take an a ggressive approach-but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share you recognize yourself in this description,you might include a couple ofheady growth stocks in your 20 portfolio,alongside your more pedestrian you have decided on your investment aims,you can'then decide where to put your golden rule here is spread your risk-if you put all of *‘Periwigs’is the mame of a fictitious company.