工业设计毕业论文外文翻译

慒unctional建筑已经被证明是一种错误的路,就像用尺子。我们正在接近和巨大的进步,最终不切实际,不能居住建筑?与只吃完东西已经创造性地长满了霉,我们有很多东西要学,将一个新的和美妙的建筑形成吗? /我>。 弗里德里希HundertwasserEttore Sottsass 1981年,分室 孟菲斯国际新风格,提供了一种文体解毒剂的现代主义首次个展严峻的灰熊集团于1981年。对他们来说,装饰风格是一场。 他们说,他们的目的是把色彩和装饰以创建对象和丰富的想象力的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感,而兴奋不已看看。 功能和持续的理性主义的设计在建筑已经失去了吸引力。这个简单的审美憀ess更为吗?听起来像憀ess是生吗?发生了什么事,在这一切的个性和想象力的同质性?现代设计产生了,所有的城市建筑物内部看,在他们对社会是有害的一致性。 那平原,盒的城市建筑是国际风格变得过时,脱离这个地方在增加的个人主义。在现代的信念确定性——一个命令,所驱动设计方法的世纪,并联向前发展的技术和现代世界的挑战,是后现代主义。 复活的不合理和个人的表现形式,同时在70年代发生。在巴塞罗那,西班牙年轻设计师复苏看法。王与后现代主义,一个个、调侃先前的设计风格成了一个风格。Marisal贾维尔。 希尔顿电车哈维尔·Marisal,漫画家,发达的古怪的设计,表达了对漫画讽刺和旁。Sottsass应邀去展示与孟菲斯集团于1981年,他设计了一种饮料的手推车。传统的功能主义引起众怒在他的艺术装饰,流线型的设计,在他Marisal气动形式,给它一个井然有序的、动态的外表来传达的速度。这反过来又唤起了图像的顾客所追求的小车在餐厅…… “后现代”发展的总体设计远离转变的解决问题的焦点,不断改进,对更广泛的参与同世界的想象力、思想、幽默和视觉刺激。 设计已经成为同义词和消费者的吸引力,品味是一个国际的,而非全国性的趋势;贸易展如米兰Triennale鼓励这种新的国际风格相结合的形式简单的包豪斯建筑学派与风格借来的来自世界各地。Sowden乔治。 内阁 几何风格简约的包豪斯建筑学派启发在60多岁和70多岁的简化形式,撵走50。流行的设计是一种反动的概念设计慻ood发布了吗,现代建筑师和设计师。虽然流行集中慻ood之间的交叉设计,慴ad ?和利用意象?从漫画广告(如消费文化象征,其他的设计趋势的简约主义理论和艺术持续更极端的几何线条。 在意大利,一个激进的设计开发的anti-design运动中,他们更加革命者不仅仅是文体的改革者。他们出现在第一次大规模罢工和学生骚乱在欧洲。他们的设计理念是一个混合的哲学、艺术和工业生产。然后开车拒绝美学设计在意大利、技术和功能,这些群体融入装修,用它惹新义产生的物品。 在1976年,Alchimia工作室成立于米兰(炼金术:转变的贱金属变为黄金)。Alchimia流行趋势的进一步发展的anti-design最迟在60年代,创造概念的想法,他们通过陈腐设计的展览和出版。他们认为图案都是关于表面,他们玩游戏与装饰的普遍观念颠覆袭击的慻ood品味吗?这个group抯拒绝任何大规模生产消费方的设计,因为他们相信数量是庸俗。 与神秘主义和后现代主义的混合的庸俗的日常生活,工作室Alchimia获得国际暴露于1980年威尼斯双年展”。其成员包括Ettore Sottsass、和亚历山德罗Mendini是Modo杂志的编辑》(设计)和group抯首席理论家。Allesandro Mendini 普鲁斯特扶手椅上,Mendini抯慞roust扶手椅吗?是第一位的group抯kitsch谈到灵感设计和平庸的作为。复制一个典型的扶手椅,通过表面装饰Mendini变成一种异国情调的花朵,椅子是个平庸的对象,成为kitsch或漂亮——假设的好或坏味道变得含糊不清的聪明的社团的头衔降伏了这篇文章。慞roust ?称,烫发普鲁斯特跨世纪的法国作家的理论,提出了在无休止的流量,时间过去作为相关的礼物,唯一的办法是通过直觉的记忆的理解。 Mendini手画织物覆盖他的椅子上模式,提出了印象派笔画时期,一个无效,普鲁斯特的写作。这个模式也有可能代表作家,因为他拥有的印象派画家的作品。 这个主意的时候在流量,过去作为相关的礼物,要成为一个主要特征,对后现代主义设计风格的过去相结合,现代材料和理念来创造一种灵感,有时骚乱的混合的文体无政府状态。 一个直接的挑战上的现代主义、形式主义的新运动作为主题,恢复重新装饰和旺盛的形式的新艺术相结合,与其他一切。这是目前流行的地方明亮的塑料层压板,下到昂贵的混合材,木材的视觉效果。Archizoom Associati 梦想床是1967年 另一组称为Archizoom Associati、图纸设计灵感来自超现实主义、家具和不切实际的幻想的环境里离开古巴的设计与消费主义和戚igh风格吗? 他们的同代人,驳回了Superstudio环境,提出了设计的空房间给居民的最大的灵活性。 憛to继续设计的家具,对象和类似的家居用品并不是解决问题的的生活也itself昂o美化生活足以弥补复仇的时间、错误的人,beastliness architecture匮he这样的问题之一是变得越来越远离这些设计活动,或者采用该技术的最小的努力在一般还原过程吗? /我>。 他们提出的文化,看到未来的汇价匿名的城市,标准化,永无止尽的结构,将分散在这个星球。他们不愿透露姓名的概念设计,表现在今后的展览,他们隐藏在矩形图案结构的线,由胶合板、纤维板、覆盖着塑料和silk-screened经常与网格模式,这些家具都缺乏个性,独特的设计和装饰。Zanini马尔科。 茶壶剩下的神秘主义的理论,这些早期的团体,Ettore Sottsass设置设计工作室惭emphis吗?作为一个商业风险瞄准国际销售。孟菲斯的成立是为了提供另类现代性和功能性设计美学,达到了一个死胡同。这个小组作出了巨大的影响,在第一次展览于1981年。 这个名字所引用孟菲斯灰熊家通俗文化(猫王)和古老的文化中心(孟菲斯早期埃及文明)。 适合他们的名字,它相对协会,因为他们探索审美和象征的价值观的色彩鲜艳的色彩对比,采用象征和表面的装饰。他们探索相结合的影响,不同形状、不同的材料,通常都在一次。他们的设计有简单的children抯玩具,用鲜艳的颜色和图案。 慏esign已经不再是一个团结的部分,但作为一笔。我们集中更多的因素,确定物体的物体比。? Sottsass给设计了新的动力,通过灰熊在意大利的后现代主义运动,它吸引了来自世界各地的设计师。采用波普艺术,古典风格、装饰艺术,以及其它任何能抓住了设计师眼,孟菲斯风格有极大的影响。但是孟菲斯没有一个均匀的运动,相反,它是由一群设计师共享广泛的目的。 原色被用于对比和影响最大,塑料层压板和设计抄袭流行的一个节日,toylike图形了审美的灰熊的产品。 Sottsass功能和实用中看到一个对象是次要的,因为他相信设计是由把抽象概念付诸实践,对象,他说,应该被直接作为理想的工作。Masanori一条 地板灯, Masanori一条是一名杰出的工业设计师设计,创造获奖布朗和Olivetti直到1981年,他加入了孟菲斯集团和改造自己的风格。 他采用幽默和象征的灰熊文化、评论的工业城市文化的日本,创造设计,在他们的人本主义。插入 在他的设计中,悫meda站?路灯的雕塑作品的作用,几乎是偶然。这个基地的外观,而产生的雕塑的光源保留古董帘使人联想到功能性的风格,创造一个古怪的组合,激发想像力。这个light-generating对象的功能似乎是次要的,它看起来的那样。 虽然孟菲斯灰熊队创造了展览和独家实验件边前卫的设计、工业、大量生产的市场之一,是最互动设计师和社会。 马里奥·贝里尼设计醒目,几何憌edge ?形状在70年代,Olivetti打字机和也为电子音乐设备由驾驶。同时,他也被包裹在一个物体的橡胶或塑料薄膜给予更多的对象、有机感觉encasing僵硬的形状的计算机在橡胶憇kin吗?给机器的欢迎,触觉感受。 他做了一个类似的事和他的计程车椅,覆盖了简单的钢结构的椅子上,一个压缩皮椅。创建一个简单的形状,色彩斑斓的暖色的皮革他个人是现代椅子和一个有机的皮肤。马里奥·贝里尼 Onda Quadra货架80年代中期,他Onda Quadra贝里尼设计的角度,研究在货架上的知识方法以及对家具的设计。他被训练为一个设计师,他感到很必要的背景的工业设计,相信这种训练的憀iving灌输给最好的理解和habitative文化吗? 路易吉Colani保留了流线的风格,使用有机形状的照相机,未来汽车设计和国内同类产品。他称他的风格,戚ydrodynamic ?形式水族版本的泪滴设计的30岁左右。 在他的慸rop ?茶具、Colani计算的外观和腔体柄的盖子,身体内的茶壶。这达到了一个干净的轮廓,流畅轮廓的泪珠,同时允许锅中举行,接近它的重心,使它容易倒。 理查德Sapper训练作为一名工程师,生产出数量的设计在60年代与Zanuso包括黑12电视被设计为便于储藏在不使用时,它看起来像一个井然有序的方块。因为外表的一个空白的电视屏幕上被认为是干扰和侵入,就附管透明的塑料袋,揭示了管时被打开。 Sapper设计的Tizio台灯70年代早期,取代的弹簧equipoise与概念武器。 不像之前,他Sapper灯光设计与Tizio有最小重量、质量。这轻盈加上低电压卤素灯泡产生一种紧凑、集中的光源。在低电压驱动的灯也使得他能够消除封闭的连接灯泡、武器自身承载电流从变压器的基地。像他的电视,这盏灯呈现最低的视觉冲击,直到它被打开。Sapper理查德。 水壶 在80年代,他创造了一个强大的视觉外观为IBM电脑产品。他还设计与参考水壶蒸气火车,铜哨子吹笛的像蒸汽机车和整个水壶里有一个高科技的外观设计,使人联想到70岁的。 迈克尔·格拉夫设计,把水壶也对他的开放,塑料鸟一叙事元素,鲜红的塑料鸟借贷的幽默,否则常见的厨房用具。他的水壶在不锈钢仍然是批量生产,其造型古典提出的装饰设计基础及其附近的一个圆圈之上。 奥地利建筑师和设计师马特奥·恩加入了奥地利Sottsass刚开始的时候,灰熊,但发现他的输出是有限的,由于市场对孟菲斯产品,这些产品都是独家——昂贵且需要一个成熟和欣赏的时尚,态度在大众市场。 然而在孟菲斯他发现他的指导方针的寓言和不同意义和多个社团中固有的所有物体。设计产品介绍恩小说以及功能。他叫他的风格。 惯he漫画的讽喻Mattheo恩,乘以隐喻? /我>。恩马特奥。 水壶 要创造的产品为大众市场,形成了他自己的工作室,在1984年在米兰,设计为国际公司,如Alessi和样本。他宁愿设计为一个更大、更一般的听众,既没有意义的设计,而是想买憈hings吗? 他的设计为家具和domesticware在压型金属给Bauhaus-derived原则的功能和严重的形式,一个感官看。 一个设计师,为大众市场,恩专注于他的表面处理技术,以提高产品质量的物体的诗意。 对他来说,这些产品都是我们的不只是简单的日常使用的物品,但他们也应该媒材。 另外,汉斯Hollein奥地利和建筑师之一,是最有才华的后现代主义建筑师和设计师。他展现了他的家具和灰熊队和不同风格的顽皮,Hollein集中展出的交际的设计。航母,迷住了,他设计一个茶的电车,…好吧,一艘航空母舰…这个茶壶和其他物品看起来准备起飞。 他设计的Poltronova玛丽莲沙发在1985年,给予它的风格的装饰艺术时代与协会庆ouch好莱坞和灵气吗的电影明星。 大胆的形状、颜色、混合原料生产对象,对古典风格,Hollein抯工作范围,令人联想。后现代主义看来,可能意味着什么,只要它的任何风格的wasn抰从后现代主义的经典慴oxlike之间的战争了。?Riart卡洛斯。 Desnuda椅子, 卡洛斯Riart异想天开,有时人创造的设计,如他的Desnuda椅,一个人类的存在(象征艺术)。他的灵感来源来自于多种多样的来源: 慗apanese艺术为其微妙的系统的建设;所谓的泛函式为它的度量标准,古典主义为其对称性;新艺术为其含糊不清,ad-hocism为其所使用的材料,坦陀罗里面拥有新plasticism为色彩;因其空间投影,因其使用魔法的水晶作为库的精神能量。 铜顶放在最上面的轨道和铜慺eet ?一起在淡蓝色的金属框架颜色和非正式的交叉担架,呈现出一种柔和的、更微妙的影响,减少了严肃的形式和硬金属椅子。 Shiro Kuramata转到炼金术,用设计的木材和金属在他的设计来传达软漂浮的影响,尤其在他的使用轻钢网的材料。Shiro Kuramata 月球有多高他使用普通工业材料在他和室内设计的家具,把它们转换成富有诗意形式,。 他的扶手椅,慔ow高?月亮是由来自扩展钢筋网所涂漆的含镍铜或给它一个火花。这种材料的高反射率造成它溶于光、减轻其影响在房间里。 Kuramata加入了网格的焊缝,所以正是焊接,空气的网格结构已经变成了一系列的交叉飞机没有定义的边界。它的作用是一系列的交叉分;显然没有重量、体积大小的object抯无限。椅子看起来像是飘浮,正如月亮升出地平线。 被问到他使用材料导致了他的设计,Kuramata表示,他认为的设计。 慜nce获得我的想法,我找资料随便在路旁,可以利用信息检索的日常生活吗? br >。 而意大利吸引了世界各地的设计师对灰熊,在世界其他地方,其他设计师被创造anti-modernist、折衷和五彩缤纷的家具。 文罗伯特。 喜来登椅子, 罗伯特·文在美国在晚60的拉斯维加斯看见模型设计,展示其新公路的迹象-bright、文化冲突和丑陋的,作为一个词汇,又有现代风格。 他创造了骚乱的家具,一系列的后现代主义诺尔椅子,椅子风格著名历史回忆起那鼓舞赫。通常在明亮的模式、丝网印刷印刷的颜色反射孟菲斯方式以及丝印印刷品的安迪沃荷。 这些椅子的依靠他们轮廓和印刷图案来创造他们的个性,否则简单、弯板结构。像舞台布景,从正面看,但实质的椅子,从侧面出现的时候,它们,因为它们使,简单的薄模压板的形式。Venturi抯椅子体现了后现代特征的憅uoting ?其他的设计风格、展示他的家具作为道具进行深层观念和意义。 Starck Phillipe法国设计师,确立了自己的名声在九十年代初有自己的一套客房,结合爱丽舍宫的装饰风格和音响工程感性的艺术家。他wittily暗指了尾翼的鲸鱼是在他的钟设计,Wayle慦alter称为II吗?Phillipe Starck desklamp他说他的工作的intellectualism。 慛ot作为一个极像斯堪的那维亚人,也像德国人,也严重的严峻,也不像西班牙、意大利创意喜欢法国请求权的品质为目标,balance匢心领了我的工作有这个法国的质量吗? /我>。 他的desklamp从80年代晚期产生一个设计,是在一次针对元素在它的形状,斗牛的阴影来呢,这个图像构思,它也是永恒看上去就像它掉了队长Nemo抯桌子(海底两万里》)。 人体工程学设计,舒适,令人担忧的设计师为环境问题也随之激增。世界野生生物和健康问题的生态环境,激发设计师探讨在崭新的途径。功能 Norwegian designer Peter Opsvik worked with Hans Christian Mengshoel in a scientific study of comfortable seating to design a range of ergonomic seating that placed the sitter抯 bodyweight on the knees. Introduced in 1979, the lightweight metal and wood Balans chair could rock, thus eliminating backache and promoting blood circulation through the muscular movement that it allows. This design and others from Norway led to the proliferation of posture furniture. Niels Diffrient worked for Eero Saarinen as a modelmaker, later helping Henry Dreyfuss develop his 慔umanscale?study of ergonomic design, which became the standard text for designers concerned with design issues about peoples?convenience. He concentrated on seating where people must sit in the same place for sustained periods of time, especially in transport and offices. He felt that much modern furniture had failed in its aim of being comfortable, that the drive to make a chair that looked new had only resulted in bent steel designs that were hard to sit in. 惯here is no perfect chair匮he best chair is only good for a few hours, and then you ought to get up. A perfect chair is a bed.?/i> Niels Diffrient Jefferson armchair Diffrient viewed the designers role as someone who sees the way people live, and can visualise how things can be improved. While the concept 慺orm follows function?has become unfashionable, representing as it does the Modernist desire to replace unnecessary decoration with spare forms, Diffrient said that an understanding of how an object抯 form reveals its function is essential to see how it will be effective as design. Not as a stylistic uncovering of the mechanism of the object, but as a way of ensuring that the product will function well in its intended environment. This, he said, indicates a deeper role for a designer than the superficial manipulation of fashionable shapes -a dig perhaps, at Memphis 憇tyle? Jasper Morrison began designing furniture in Britain during the 80s, creating furniture that was practical and a manufacturing success. His work has an understated look, reflecting his aim of using simple materials such as plywood and fabrics in an appropriate manner to produce liveable furniture. Concentrating on the combination of basic materials rather than the addition of ornament, his aim is to design for the requirements of modern living. Speaking of plywood he said: 慖t's a plus starting with a cheap material卛t's upgraded by the way it's used. Generally, I try to achieve something quite humble in its materials and not screamingly loud in its shape.?/i> In complete contrast, Ron Arad makes expressive furniture out of metal, glass and even concrete. Inspired by the 憄unk?movement in Britain in the late 70s and 80s, he formed his One Off company to design and manufacture experimental furniture, using industrial materials and junk such as old car seats and medical equipment. His original aim was to produce low cost custom designs that emphasised recycling, novelty and invention. He took a seat out of a Rover car and attached it to a metal frame. Ironically calling his static piece the 慠over?chair, he referred to it as his one 慐nglish?design, for it celebrates what he saw as the British love for their cars. In this piece, the sitter could enjoy the comfort of the leather seat without the distraction of Arad Strict Family seriesUsing welded steel as his material, Arad made armchairs and seating, utilising the springiness of steel for his collection of simple, eccentric chairs. Calling the chairs his 慡trict Family?series, he portrayed different family personalities in the individual designs, avoiding the uniform, anonymous look of metal furniture in the modern style. His Big Easy series of armchairs are hollow, welded steel forms which imitate the rounded overstuffed shapes of traditional upholstered furniture in a freely sculpted manner. His furniture is at once primitive and futuristic, and is designed to be comfortable while at the same time creating the appearance and aura of hard, unyielding surfaces, although some of these chairs he covered with material, giving them a softer look. In welding the chairs together, Arad took the patterns from a series of freehand sketches, and used the cutting torch in a freehand way, so the shapes he cut from the same pattern were all different. And when he welded them together the pieces went together differently, making each one an individual or 憃ne off?chair. With the creases and irregular folds amplified in the highly reflective surfaces, Arad succeeded in his aim of creating expectations and breaking them. (His concrete stereo system gave new resonance to the term 憆ock music?) Chaos theory originated in science, as a way of defining the difficulty in understanding the chaotic, random chain of events in the natural world. For example, it was suggested a butterfly flapping its wings in one continent had some effect on the weather patterns of another. This theme of inexplicable connections and apparent randomness in the natural world was picked up as a neat metaphor in the design world, and it was applied to the wide and diverse directions design was following in the wake of Kuramata How High The MoonDesign is no longer seen just as a way to make objects function, but to encompass ideas, culture and social concerns. The inspiration of the designer and the idea of communication through the object is becoming at times more important than the object itself. Creative chaos is a term designers applied to an attitude in their work which rejected a single, ordered approach. Design as visual shapes increasingly became design as ideas, ideas that borrowed from art history, films and culture, past and present. The variety of design movements in the 90s reflects the wide ranging tastes of an increasingly technological and specialised world. Postmodernism has left the legacy of a much more sophisticated consumer, while design leans strongly towards the decorative, and draws on the legacy of past design history. A few basic features that are still apparent are the rejection of Functionalism and Modernism. Curved and swinging lines have dominated objects (cars, electronics, etc) - but that will all change. Design is going online, international communication of ideas can be immediate and universal. Where will that lead to? Use your modem to find out..QMR97

慒unctional结构已被证明是一个错误的道路，就像绘画的统治者。阔步我们正在接近不切实际，无法使用，最后居住建筑？只有在创造性的事情已经覆盖模具，而我们可以学到很多东西，将一个新的，美好的建筑应运而生。 ？ /我“弗里德里希洪德特瓦瑟灰熊队，新的国际风格提供了文体良药紧缩现代第一展孟菲斯集团于1981年。对于他们来说，装饰和造型是一个游戏。因为他们当时表示，他们的目的是介绍色彩和装饰，以便创造物体和内部提供的丰富的想象力，而且令人兴奋的研究。功能和正在进行的理性设计架构已失去了吸引力。在简朴的审美憀的ESS是更多？是这话的语气更像是一个憀出版社承担？发生了什么事，以个性和想象力的所有这个同质？现代主义设计产生了市内所有的建筑物看上去是相同的和有害的社会统一性。平原，方块样的国际风格的城市建筑正在成为不合时宜的，不合适的时候，越来越多的个人主义。信仰在现代确定性-一个单一的，有秩序的方式进行的，这种驱动设计的许多世纪，平行向前发展的技术和在现代世界，是挑战，后现代主义。检测语言—阿尔巴尼亚文阿拉伯文爱沙尼亚语保加利亚文波兰语朝鲜语丹麦语德语俄语法语菲律宾文芬兰语盖尔文(爱尔兰)荷兰语加泰罗尼亚文(西班牙)捷克语克罗地亚文拉脱维亚语立陶宛语罗马尼亚语马耳他文挪威语葡萄牙语日语瑞典语塞尔维亚文斯拉维尼亚文斯洛伐克文泰文土耳其文乌克兰文西班牙语希伯来语希腊语匈牙利语意大利语印度文印尼文英语越南文中文 > 阿尔巴尼亚文阿拉伯文爱沙尼亚语保加利亚文波兰语朝鲜语丹麦语德语俄语法语菲律宾文芬兰语盖尔文(爱尔兰)荷兰语加泰罗尼亚文(西班牙)捷克语克罗地亚文拉脱维亚语立陶宛语罗马尼亚语马耳他文挪威语葡萄牙语日语瑞典语塞尔维亚文斯拉维尼亚文斯洛伐克文泰文土耳其文乌克兰文西班牙语希伯来语希腊语匈牙利语意大利语印度文印尼文英语越南文中文(繁体)中文(简体) 互换恢复理性和个人的表现形式同时出现在上世纪70年代。在巴塞罗那，西班牙的年轻设计师重新表现。与后现代主义， wittiness统治，并自嘲以往的设计风格成为风格本身。哈维尔Marisal ，原漫画家，发达国家偏心设计，表达了反讽和不敬的漫画。索特萨斯邀请参展的孟菲斯集团于1981年，他设计了一个饮料手推车。草菅人命的传统功能在其使用的装饰艺术在他的精简设计，空气动力学Marisal赋予它的形式和时尚的动态外观转达速度。这反过来又引起顾客的形象追求小车的餐厅...后现代主义的发展的一部分，一般的转变设计脱离专注于解决问题和改进，争取更广泛地参与同世界的想象力，创意，幽默和视觉刺激。设计已成为同义词好口味和消费，并呼吁国际，而不是全国性的趋势;贸易展览，如米兰三年培育这一新的国际风格相结合的简单形式的包豪斯风格借来与来自世界各地的。几何的包豪斯风格的灵感极简在60岁到70岁，被推翻的简化形式的50岁。 PoP设计是一种反应的概念慻食品？设计颁布的建筑师和设计师的现代主义。虽然流行集中在交叉之间慻食品？和慑广告？设计，使用流行的图像取自连环画和广告（如标志消费文化） ，其他的极简设计趋势和OP现代艺术理论继续沿着更为极端的几何线条。在意大利，从根本上设计开发的运动，其成员是反设计中，他们更革命家不仅仅是文体的创新。他们出现的时候，大规模的罢工和学生骚乱在欧洲。其设计思想是一个混合哲学，艺术形式和工业生产。拒绝接受美学然后驾驶设计在意大利，技术和功能，这些团体接受勋章，用它来挑起新的意义的物体，他们生产的。在1976年的工作室Alchimia成立于米兰（炼金术：转变的基本金属与黄金） 。 Alchimia进一步发展的流行趋势反设计中的60年代末，创造概念设计思想的平庸，他们传播的展览和出版物。他们认为，设计是所有表面，和他们打比赛装饰作为颠覆攻击的普遍概念慻食品味道？集团消费抯拒绝排除任何大规模生产其设计的，因为他们认为是平庸的数量搅拌与神秘主义和现代主义的平庸的日常生活中，演播室Alchimia获得国际暴露在威尼斯双年展于1980年。其成员包括埃托索索特萨斯和亚历山德罗麦狄尼谁是编辑Modo杂志（设计杂志） ， 77国集团抯首席理论家。Allesandro麦狄尼普鲁斯特扶手椅麦狄尼抯慞唤醒扶手椅？是第一集团抯进军媚俗与平庸的灵感设计。复制一个典型的纸上谈兵，而通过表面装饰麦狄尼变成某种形式的奇葩，主席是一个平凡的对象，成为媚俗或美丽，假设好的或坏的味道变得含糊不清的聪明协会别有用心由标题的作品。慞唤醒？提到普鲁斯特，一个世纪之交的法国作家谁提出的理论，时间是在不断变化，过去被作为相关的本，而且只有这样，才能理解的时间是通过直观的记忆。麦狄尼手绘织物覆盖他的椅子格局想起印象派的笔触，暗示期间普鲁斯特，无效的，是书面的。该模式也被比喻代表作家，因为他拥有的印象派名画系列。这个想法的时间在不断变化，过去被作为相关的本，是成为一个主要特点，后现代主义，设计风格的过去与现代相结合的材料和意见，以建立一个鼓舞人心的，有时吵闹的混合风格的无政府状态。直接挑战正式紧缩的现代主义，新的运动恢复历史为主题，并重新装修和旺盛的新艺术形式结合起来，他们一切。现在时髦的地方明亮的塑料板旁昂贵的木材贴面，混合材料的视觉效果。Archizoom事务所梦床1967年另一组名为Archizoom事务所，提请他们灵感来自超现实主义，幻想家具设计和有远见的环境中摆脱目前的当务之急在设计与消费主义和戚室内运动场的风格？他们的同时代人Superstudio ，拒绝的想法，设计环境，提出了一个空房间，让居民最大限度的灵活性。搅拌与神秘主义和现代主义的平庸的日常生活中，演播室Alchimia获得国际暴露在威尼斯双年展于1980年。其成员包括埃托索索特萨斯和亚历山德罗麦狄尼谁是编辑Modo杂志（设计杂志） ， 77国集团抯首席理论家。Allesandro麦狄尼普鲁斯特扶手椅麦狄尼抯慞唤醒扶手椅？是第一集团抯进军媚俗与平庸的灵感设计。复制一个典型的纸上谈兵，而通过表面装饰麦狄尼变成某种形式的奇葩，主席是一个平凡的对象，成为媚俗或美丽，假设好的或坏的味道变得含糊不清的聪明协会别有用心由标题的作品。慞唤醒？提到普鲁斯特，一个世纪之交的法国作家谁提出的理论，时间是在不断变化，过去被作为相关的本，而且只有这样，才能理解的时间是通过直观的记忆。麦狄尼手绘织物覆盖他的椅子格局想起印象派的笔触，暗示期间普鲁斯特，无效的，是书面的。该模式也被比喻代表作家，因为他拥有的印象派名画系列。这个想法的时间在不断变化，过去被作为相关的本，是成为一个主要特点，后现代主义，设计风格的过去与现代相结合的材料和意见，以建立一个鼓舞人心的，有时吵闹的混合风格的无政府状态。直接挑战正式紧缩的现代主义，新的运动恢复历史为主题，并重新装修和旺盛的新艺术形式结合起来，他们一切。现在时髦的地方明亮的塑料板旁昂贵的木材贴面，混合材料的视觉效果。Archizoom事务所梦床1967年另一组名为Archizoom事务所，提请他们灵感来自超现实主义，幻想家具设计和有远见的环境中摆脱目前的当务之急在设计与消费主义和戚室内运动场的风格？他们的同时代人Superstudio ，拒绝的想法，设计环境，提出了一个空房间，让居民最大限度的灵活性。憛继续设计的家具，物品，以及类似的家居用品并不是解决问题的生活，也不是生活本身昂ö美化足以弥补的破坏时，错误的人，和兽性的架构匮问题，因此他是一个变得越来越脱离这些设计活动，也许是通过技术在一个最低限度的努力一般还原过程。 ？ /我“他们建议取消商品为基础的文化，看到了未来的城市，无名氏，标准化的，永无止境的结构，将分散在这个星球。他们不愿透露姓名的概念在未来的设计表达了他们的展览中涉及的结构模式的矩形线，建造的胶合板和硬纸板，塑料和覆盖丝绸筛选经常方格图案，这些合成家具件是缺乏个性，个人设计或装饰。马可波罗贾尼尼茶壶留下神秘理论和历史的这些早期的群体，埃托索特萨斯成立了设计工作室惭emphis ？作为一个商业企业，以国际销售。灰熊队是成立的目的是提供一种替代办法和现代审美功能设计已走入了死胡同。该小组作出了巨大的影响在其第一次展览于1981年。灰熊队的名义提到的流行文化（孟菲斯的家中猫王）和古代文化（孟菲斯早期埃及文明的中心） 。适合他们的名字，其疯狂对面协会，他们探讨了美学和象征价值的颜色用生动的色彩对比，象征性和表面装饰。他们探索的影响，结合不同的材料和不同的形状;而且往往一次。他们的设计的简洁性和影响的儿童抯玩具，它们明亮的色彩和图案。慏设计已不再被视为一个统一，但作为一个总和部分。我们更专注的内容，确定一个对象而不是对象本身。 ？索特萨斯设计了新的动力，通过孟菲斯，把意大利的中心，后现代主义运动，它吸引了设计师来自世界各地。用通俗艺术，古典主义，装饰艺术，以及其他任何被设计师眼睛，灰熊队的风格有着巨大的影响力。但是，灰熊从来没有一个单一运动，相反，它是一组设计师交流广泛的目标。主要颜色一起使用，以最大限度地提高对比度和影响和图案的塑料复合材料的设计流行的图形复制到了节日和toylike审美大部分孟菲斯产品。索特萨斯看到功能和效用的对象是次要的，因为他认为设计是把抽象的概念付诸实践，和对象，他说，应被视为直接的理想工程。正德梅田落地灯正田是著名的工业设计师，创造获奖设计布劳恩和奥利维蒂，直到1981年他加入了孟菲斯集团和转变他的风格。他通过幽默和象征意义的孟菲斯文化，评论工业城市文化的日本，创造设计，是卡通类的人文精神。在他的设计，悫梅达立场？灯成为雕塑，功能的一块几乎偶然的。该基地在外观上的动物雕塑，而光源保留一个古董树荫想起功能的风格，创造了单相结合的图像，激发想象力。轻生成函数的对象似乎是次要的，看来。检测语言—阿尔巴尼亚文阿拉伯文爱沙尼亚语保加利亚文波兰语朝鲜语丹麦语德语俄语法语菲律宾文芬兰语盖尔文(爱尔兰)荷兰语加泰罗尼亚文(西班牙)捷克语克罗地亚文拉脱维亚语立陶宛语罗马尼亚语马耳他文挪威语葡萄牙语日语瑞典语塞尔维亚文斯拉维尼亚文斯洛伐克文泰文土耳其文乌克兰文西班牙语希伯来语希腊语匈牙利语意大利语印度文印尼文英语越南文中文 > 阿尔巴尼亚文阿拉伯文爱沙尼亚语保加利亚文波兰语朝鲜语丹麦语德语俄语法语菲律宾文芬兰语盖尔文(爱尔兰)荷兰语加泰罗尼亚文(西班牙)捷克语克罗地亚文拉脱维亚语立陶宛语罗马尼亚语马耳他文挪威语葡萄牙语日语瑞典语塞尔维亚文斯拉维尼亚文斯洛伐克文泰文土耳其文乌克兰文西班牙语希伯来语希腊语匈牙利语意大利语印度文印尼文英语越南文中文(繁体)中文(简体) 互换更好的翻译建议虽然灰熊队创造展览和独家实验件边缘的前卫设计，工业，大规模生产的市场是最互动的一个设计师和社会。马里奥贝里尼设计突出，几何憌边缘？形状为在70年代的Olivetti打字机，也为电子音乐设备所作的雅马哈。与此同时，他被包裹在一个物体的橡胶或塑料膜，以提供更有机感觉的对象， encasing硬盘小幅形状的计算器在橡胶憇建？ ，使机器的欢迎，触觉的感受。他做了同样的事情，他驾驶室的椅子，包括简单的钢框架的椅子压缩皮革内饰。创建一个简单的形状，发光颜色与温暖的皮革，他个性化的本质与现代椅子一个有机的皮肤。马里奥贝里尼昂达外接货架在80年代中期，他的贝里尼设计昂达外接货架，一份研究报告中的观点，以及建筑方法，家具设计。他是训练作为一个建筑师，一个背景，他认为是极为重要的工业设计，认为这是最好的培训灌输了解憀iving和habitative文化？路易吉克拉尼保留了精简的风格，使用有机形状的设计，摄像头，未来的汽车和国内的产品。他呼吁他的风格戚ydrodynamic ？形式是一种水生版本的泪滴设计的30多岁。在他的慸早产儿视网膜病变？茶服务，克拉尼最小的外观盖子和凹进手柄内的机构的茶壶。这实现了干净的形象，使顺利大纲泪滴，并在同一时间允许锅将举行接近其重心，从而使得它很容易倒。理查德萨珀训练有素的工程师，并产生了一些在60年代设计与马可波罗扎努索包括黑12电视其目的是很容易储存在不使用时，它看起来相当圆滑的立方体。由于出现了一个空白的电视屏幕被认为是令人不安和侵入性的，他们封闭在透明管显示黑色塑料管只有当它打开。扎佩尔设计Tizio台灯在70年代初，取代了弹簧的平衡与制衡武器。不同于先前制衡灯，他Tizio扎佩尔设计有最小重量和质量。这轻盈加上低电压卤素灯灯泡生产紧凑，集中光源。低电压供电的灯还让他以消除封闭线路的灯泡，武器本身携带电流变压器的基础。喜欢他的电视，这个灯提出最低的视觉效果，直到它被打开。理查德萨珀水壶在80年代，他创建了一个强有力的视觉外观为IBM计算机产品。他还设计水壶提及蒸汽火车，黄铜哨子的声音听起来有点像哨子的蒸汽火车头和整个壶有一个高科技的外观让人想起70年代的设计。迈克尔格雷夫斯设计的水壶也放置一个塑料禽流他说，开设了一个叙事元素，亮丽的红色塑料禽流贷款幽默感，否则公用厨房用具。他的水壶不锈钢仍然是大规模生产，其造型古典中提出基地附近的装饰和设计的一个圆圈一根锥。奥地利建筑师和设计师玛特欧研究员奥图恩加入索特萨斯开始时灰熊队，但发现他的产量是有限的存在，作为市场的孟菲斯独家产品-产品是昂贵的，需要一个复杂和赞赏的领先时尚，态度缺乏在大众市场。但是在孟菲斯，他制定了指导原则，找到寓言或不同的含义和多个协会所固有的所有对象。图恩设计的产品，介绍小说以及功能。他呼吁他的风格：惯他漫画的寓言Mattheo图恩，它乘以隐喻。 ？ /我“玛特欧图恩水壶想创造的产品为大众市场，他形成了自己的工作室于1984年在米兰，国际设计公司，如阿莱西和Swatch 。他希望设计一个更大，更一般的观众，不关心意义上的设计，而只是想购买憈hings ？他设计的家具和domesticware压在了金属的包豪斯衍生原则的功能和严重性的形式，感性的外观。设计人员为大众市场，图恩集中在表面处理的产品，以提高素质的诗的对象。对他来说，这些产品不仅是简单的日常使用的物品，但他们也应该表现的媒体。另一位奥地利和建筑师汉斯霍莱因，是最有天赋的后现代建筑师和设计师。他展示他的家具，孟菲斯和与许多好玩的风格表现有，莱茵集中在交际电源的设计。迷上了航空母舰，他设计了一个茶叶小车作为..嗯，航空母舰..茶壶和其他物品寻找准备起飞。他设计了玛丽莲沙发Poltronova于1985年，给它的风格的装饰艺术的时代好莱坞庆乌博？其协会和Aura的filmstars 。混合大胆的颜色，形状和材料的生产对象，显示迷恋古典主义，莱茵抯工作想起一系列协会。后现代主义看来，可能意味着什么任何风格，只要它不是抰取自时期的经典慑oxlike ？现代主义之间的战争。卡洛斯RiartDesnuda主席卡洛斯Riart创建异想天开，有时拟人化的设计，如他Desnuda椅这意味着一个人的存在（如在象征艺术） 。他的灵感来源来自许多不同的来源：慗apanese艺术的微妙的制度建设;所谓的功能性风格的指标;新古典主义的对称性;新艺术的歧义;广告hocism对所用的材料;密宗的肤色;新的空间plasticism投影;魔术供其使用的晶体作为一个心理能量。 ？黄铜嵴上方铁路和黄铜慺对象？与淡蓝色的金属颜色框架和非正式的跨越担架，现在更柔和，更微妙的影响削弱了简朴的形式和硬质金属椅等。东史郎仓又转向设计成炼丹术，利用木头和金属，他的设计转达软浮动的影响和印象，轻盈，尤其是在他使用的钢丝网材料。东史郎仓又如何高文他用普通工业材料在他的室内设计和家具，将其转变成丰富，诗的形式。他的扶手椅，慔怎么高月亮？构建了由扩大钢丝网他涂上油漆含有镍或铜给它一个火花。高反射率材料造成它溶于轻，尽量减少其影响在房间里。仓又加入了网格与焊缝，以便准确地焊接的通风网建设成为了一系列交叉飞机没有界定的界限。其效果是一系列的过境点;明显失重，无限量的目标抯大小。主席似乎浮动，就像月亮在地平线以上。当被问及是否使用的材料，他带领他的设计，仓又表示，他认为第一的设计：慜只要我的想法，我觉得材料字面上在路边和可利用的信息收集到日常生活中。 ？巴“而意大利是吸引国际设计师孟菲斯，在世界其他地方，其他设计师创造的反现代主义的，兼收并蓄和色彩缤纷的家具。罗伯特文丘里喜来登主席罗伯特文丘里在美国在60月底的看到拉斯维加斯作为一个新的设计模型，介绍其文化的路边迹象光亮，冲突和丑陋的，作为一个词汇的现代风格。他创建的缤纷家具诺尔，各种后现代椅子说，回顾历史主持风格德尔的现代人。往往在明亮的丝网印刷方式，颜色反映了灰熊队的风格，以及丝网印刷安迪沃霍尔。椅子依靠其轮廓和印刷模式，创造自己的个性，被其他简单，弯曲胶合板建设。像阶段套，从正面看起来相当的椅子，但他们从侧面显示了他们，简单的瘦型胶合板形式。文丘里抯椅子体现了后现代特征憅uoting ？其他设计风格，展示他的家具作为道具进行更深入的想法和意义。菲利浦斯塔克，一个法国设计师谁设立他的名声在八十年代初，他设计的客房在爱丽舍宫结合的装饰风格的艺术家的音响工程的感觉。他风趣地提到了尾翼的鲸鱼在其时钟设计要求慦改变Wayle二？他说，对智识的工作：慛催产素是一个最起码的，如斯堪的纳维亚，也不严重，如德国，也不紧缩，如西班牙，也不创造性像意大利，法国只能索赔素质的思考和平衡匢目标对我的工作有这个法国质量。 ？ /我“他desklamp从八十年代后期制作的设计是一次元素在其指的是斗牛，非洲之角形状的树荫变戏法这种形象;和永恒的，因为它看起来像是也来到了船长尼莫抯台（ 20,000联盟海底） 。设计的舒适性和工效学成为日益关注的环境问题作为设计师激增。世界生态环境，野生动物和健康问题的灵感设计，探讨在完全功能的新途径。挪威设计师彼得Opsvik与汉斯克里斯蒂安Mengshoel在科学研究舒适的座位设计了一系列符合人体工程学的座椅这使得保姆抯体重的膝盖。介绍了在1979年，轻型金属和木材巴兰斯椅子可以岩石，从而消除背痛和促进血液循环，通过肌肉的运动，它允许。这种设计和其他由挪威领导的扩散态势家具。尼尔斯海Diffrient工作Eero萨里南作为modelmaker ，帮助亨利后来发展他慔瑞福斯umanscale ？研究人体工学设计，成为标准文本的设计师与设计有关的问题，人民？方便。他集中在座位坐下，人们必须在同一个地方持续一段时间，特别是在运输和办事处。他认为，许多现代家具没有在其目标是舒适，驱动器，以使新的主席，看起来只有导致弯曲钢设计，很难坐在英寸惯这里没有完美的主席匮主席是他最好的唯一的好几个小时，然后你应该站起来。完美椅子一张床。 ？ /我“尼尔斯海Diffrient杰弗逊扶手椅Diffrient认为，设计师的作用有人认为，谁的方式生活，并能想象如何能够得到改善。虽然这个概念慺甲黎嘧胺如下功能？已成为不合时宜的，因为它代表了现代的愿望，以取代不必要的装饰与备件的形式， Diffrient说，了解一个对象抯形式揭示其职能是必不可少的，看看这将是有效的作为设计。不是作为一个文体发现机制的对象，但作为一种确保该产品的功能以及在其预定环境。他说，这显示出更深的作用，设计师不是肤浅的操纵时尚形状一挖也许在孟菲斯憇风格？贾斯珀莫里森开始设计家具，英国在80年代，创造家具是实用和制造成功。他的工作有一个低估期待，反映了他的目的是利用简单的材料，如胶合板和面料以适当的方式产生可居住家具。集中相结合的基本材料，而不是另外的饰品，他的目标是设计要求的现代生活。谈到胶合板，他说：慖T的一个加号开始，廉价的材料卛T的升级方式的使用。一般来说，我尝试了很谦虚的实现在其材料和不screamingly响亮的形状。 ？ /我“完全相反，阿拉德使表达家具的金属，玻璃和混凝土。灵感来自憄链路？运动在英国在七十年代后期和八十年代，他形成了一次性的公司设计和制造的实验家具，使用工业材料和垃圾，如旧的汽车座椅和医疗设备。他最初的目的是生产低成本的定制设计，强调回收，新颖性和发明。他的一个席位，其中罗孚汽车和其附属于金属构成的骨架上。具有讽刺意味的，要求其静态件以上的慠？主席，他提到这是他的一个慐nglish ？设计，为庆祝他认为是英国的爱他们的汽车。在这件，保姆可以享受舒适的真皮座椅，但分散的流量。阿拉德严格的家庭系列用焊接钢管，他的材料，阿拉德提出扶手椅和座椅，运用弹性钢的收集简单，古怪的椅子。他呼吁椅子慡trict家庭？系列，描绘不同的家庭，他性格中的个人设计，避免了均匀，无名氏外观金属家具的现代风格。他的大易一系列扶手椅是空洞的，焊接钢管形式模仿的圆形形状的传统overstuffed软垫家具的可自由造型方式。他的家具是一次原始的和未来，并设计为舒适的同时创造的外观和Aura的困难，不屈不挠的表面，虽然其中一些椅子，他覆盖材料，使他们具有了柔和的外观。在焊接在一起的椅子，阿拉德了模式由一系列徒手草图，用割炬在一个写意的方式，因此他将形状从相同的模式都是不同的。当他焊接在一起的作品不同了一起，使每一个个人或憃东北呢？主席。随着折痕和不规则褶皱扩增在高反射的表面，成功地在他的阿拉德目的是建立和打破他们的期望。（他的具体的音响系统提供了新的共振一词憆锁定音乐吗？ ）混沌理论起源于科学，作为一种定义很难理解的混乱，随机一连串事件中的自然世界。例如，有人提出一个蝴蝶拍打翅膀在一个大陆有一定影响的天气模式的另一个。这一主题的令人费解的连接和明显的随机性的自然世界接走作为一个整洁的设计中的隐喻世界，它是适用于广泛和多样化的方向设计，下面继后现代主义。东史郎仓又如何高文设计不再被仅仅作为一种方法，使物体的功能，而且包括思想，文化和社会的关注。灵感的设计师的想法和沟通的目的是通过在次成为最重要的对象本身。创新是一个长期混乱的设计师适用于在其工作态度，拒绝接受一个单一的，有秩序的做法。设计视觉形状越来越成为设计的想法，想法，借由艺术史，电影和文化，过去和现在。各种各样的设计运动在90年代反映了广泛的口味越来越技术和专门的世界。后现代主义留下的遗产更为精密的消费者，而设计倾向强烈的装饰，并吸取了过去遗留下来的设计历史。一些基本的功能，仍是明显的否决功能和现代主义。弯曲和摆动线为主的物体（汽车，电子等） -但是，将所有的变化。设计是上网，国际交流的想法可以直接和普遍的。凡将导致？使用调制解调器找出..QMR97

你好， foreknown下文从工业设计属性出发，讲到发展进程，立法权益保护还有产品设计的相关内容，字数有限，希望能多给你参考，期望能帮得上你。Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of form, usability, user ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and term "industrial design" is often attributed to the designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied it in later interviews) but the discipline predates that by at least a decade. Its origins lay in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907 and a precursor to the Bauhaus, was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United of industrial design Water kettle designed by Peter Behrens in 1909 A Braun stereo Vox Phantom guitar, 1962General Industrial Designers are a cross between an engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement, but they can affect technical aspects through usability design and form relationships. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and Depth "Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer" according to the IDSA (Industrial Designers Society of America).Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state." This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange."Process of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, the Jeep, the Fender Stratocaster, the Coke bottle, and the VW Beetle are frequently-cited design also has a focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the emotional attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design, to schools where aesthetic design is almost completely subordinated to concerns of function and ergonomics of use (the so-called functionalist school）。Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired. Design rights started in the United Kingdom in 1787 with the Designing and Printing of Linen Act and have expanded from 's Design Act, 2000 was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to protection of design and to comply with the articles 25 and 26 of TRIPS agreement. The new act, (earlier Patent and Design Act, 1911 was repealed by this act) now defines "design" to mean only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament, or composition of lines or colours applied to any articlewhether in two or three dimensional, or in both forms, by any industrial process or means, whether manualal or mechanical or chemical, separate or combimed, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely bt the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of 's industrial design act affords ten years of protection to industrial designs that are registered; there is no protection if the design is not registered. The Industrial Design Act (., c. I-8) defines "design" or "industrial design" to mean features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the the existence of an exclusive right, no person can "make, import for the purpose of trade or business, or sell, rent, or offer or expose for sale or rent, any article in respect of which the design is registered." The rule also applies to kits and substantial differences are in reference to previously published KingdomIn addition to the design protection available under Community designs, UK law provides its own national registered design right and an unregistered design right. The unregistered right, which exists automatically if the requirements are met can last for up to 15 years. The registered design right can last up to 25 years subject to the payment of maintenance fees。United . design patents last fourteen years from the date of grant and cover the ornamental aspects of utilitarian objects. Objects that lack a use beyond that conferred by their appearance or the information they convey, may be covered by copyright -- a form of intellectual property of much longer duration that exists as soon as a qualifying work is created. In some circumstances, rights may also be acquired in trade dress, but trade dress protection is akin to trademark rights and requires that the design have source significance or "secondary meaning." It is useful only to prevent source misrepresentations; trade dress protection cannot be used to prevent others from competing on the designProduct design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. Product Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products in a more systematic approach. The role of a product designer encompasses many characteristics of the marketing manager, product manager, industrial designer and design term is sometimes confused with industrial design, which defines the field of a broader spectrum of design activities, such as service design, systems design, interaction design as well as product design.[citation needed] The role of the product designer combines art, science and technology to create tangible three-dimensional goods. This evolving role has been facilitated by digital tools that allow designers to communicate, visualize and analyze ideas in a way that would have taken greater manpower in the neededProduct designers are equipped with the skills needed to bring products from conception to market. They should have the ability to manage design projects, and subcontract areas to other sectors of the design industry. Aesthetics is considered important in Product Design but designers also deal with important aspects including technology, ergonomics, usability, stress analysis and materials with most of the design fields the idea for the design of a product arises from a need and has a use. It follows a certain method and can sometimes be attributed to more complex factors such as association and telesis. Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).ApplicationSome companies or individuals have particularly strong feel for developing new products than others. In the modern world these include especially technological companies like iRobot, Google or Nokia. Many product designers are strategic assets to companies that need to maintain a competitive edge in innovation.

你娃太想得美了吧,肯定是网上能找到的才给你啊,难不成要人家自己原创给你?浩鼎工业设计提专业产品外观结构设计服务,坐等好心人发给你.

工业设计 Industrial Design 帮楼主找了些很全面的资料哦，英文版本华文版本 designIndustrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, marketing, brand development and of industrial designGeneralIndustrial Designers are a cross between a mechanical engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and Depth"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process. Industrial design is rapidly becoming an obsolete term as 'products' can now be industrially produced as 'one-offs' by the use of Rapid Prototyping Machines. In a post-industrial era and with the emergence of strategic design definitions such as this are incumbering designers and the advancement of design to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, Coke bottle, and VW Beetle are frequently-cited design has no focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the sexual or affectionate attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).Industrial design rightsIndustrial design rights are intellectual property rights that make exclusive the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired.