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开题报告是我们在完成文献调研后写成的关于学位论文选题与如何实施的论述性报告。下文是我为大家整理的关于商务英语毕业论文的开题报告的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!
以英语广告语为例
一、 课题背景
当今广告已成为我们生活不可或缺的一部分。我们对于中文广告词或许很了解,但用英文说出广告词却有些难度,同样让你看着英文广告词说中文广告词也是有难度的。本文针对这些问题,从词汇、句法、修辞三方面介绍了广告英语的语言特点,使读者对英语广告的中文含义有更好的、更深的了解;并通过实例分析介绍了广告英语翻译的方法和策略,使读者在了解广告词的同时,能够自己翻译广告词的意思。
二、 毕业设计方案或毕业论文研究方案
本文以英语广告语为对象,从而总结出广告语的创新与否对人们的影响以及广告的重要性。在这个研究目标的指向下,本文采取了理论与文本分析相结合的方法,在进行文献分析总结代写硕士论文前人研究经验的基础上,对各类创意广告语的使用技巧进行详细的文本分析。
目前我已收集了大量的相关信息,以及查阅了很多关于广告英语的资料,所以论文的大致思路已定,提纲如下:
浅论广告英语语言特点及翻译策略
1 英语广告的语言特点
1.1 英语广告的词汇特点
1.1.1使用形容词的比较级和最高级
1.1.2 使用简单动词和口语词汇
1.1.3 使用错别字和杜撰新词
1.2英语的句法特征
1.2.1使用短语代替整句
1.2.2使用简单句和省略句
1.2.3使用祈使句
1.2.4使用第一、第二人称
1.3英语广告的修辞特征
1.3.1比喻
1.3.2排比
1.3.3拟人
1.3.4对比
1.3.5仿拟
1.3.6押韵
2 英语广告的翻译策略
2.1英语广告的翻译方法
2.2.1直译
2.2.2意译
2.2.3套译
2.2.4再创型翻译
2.2英语广告的翻译原则
2.2.1功能定位翻译
2.2.2语言审美性翻译
2.2.3文化矫正性翻译
三、毕业设计(论文)预期成果及创新
本文的预期成果是通过分析资料信息,研究广告英语语言特点及翻译策略,以推进大学生对广告英语的认知及翻译能力。从词汇、句法及修辞三方面介绍英语广告的语言特征,并通过实例分析介绍了英语广告翻译的技巧、策略与原则。透彻地了解广告产品和广告语篇的内容及其艺术形式,遵循英汉两种不同语言的特点和表达习惯。
创新点:探索和研究了广告英语语言特点及其对大学生翻译英语广告的影响。
一、 选题的背景与意义:
(一)课题研究来源
在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目,本人很感兴趣,于是确定选择该题。
(二)课题研究的目的
本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义,来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。
(三)课题研究的意义
艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家,是着名的勃朗特姐妹之一, 也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》,但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》,艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景,通过写两个截然不同的家族,三代人之间的爱恨情仇,充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断,艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突,例如,呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突,凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上着名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上,自然在她们心中是神圣之物,这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响,自然,情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且,艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代,当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物,艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶,内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。 因此,要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作,就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度,才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾,由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。
二、 国内外研究现状:
(一)国内研究现状
1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析,他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用,它使人精神放松,包容所有人,它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂,分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱,同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。 叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出:艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳,展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。
2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为,自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然,要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性,得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明,则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式,要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类,因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失,自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始,文明和自然的冲突就不断。
(二) 国外研究现状
1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道:“当夏洛蒂写作时,她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验,虽然比较强烈,却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有 我,没有家庭女教师,没有东家。有爱,却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励,促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去,而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折,但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎,通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们,全人类和你们,永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”
2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时,他总结说:“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰,也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然,荒野与暴风雨,星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒,他们生活在这个世界里,而且努力去改变它,有时顺利,却总是痛苦的,几乎不断遇到困难,不断犯错误。”
三、 课题研究内容及创新
(一)课题研究内容
艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义,例如,呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然,他们崇尚自由,顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明,他们彬彬有礼,服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄,于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战,她开始背叛自己的内心情感,越来越像淑女,最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿,表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端,他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲,约束人的真实自然之情,造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步,但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终,艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明,让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的同情以及要求人顺应人性,重返自然的思想。 本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述:
1. 自然和文明的定义
2. 自然和文明的较量: a.自然和文明的象征:呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争:凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲
3. 结论 人应该顺从自然,归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。
(二)课题研究创新
本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用,来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园,分别代表自然和文明,还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格,通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。
四、课题的研究方法:
本选题拟采用多种研究手法,然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括: 1、定性分析法:根据主观的判断和分析能力,推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法:通过许多个别的事例或分论点,然后归纳出它们所共有的特性,得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法:即历史文献法,就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料,从中选取信息,以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法: 即针对某个研究主题,对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理,对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别,清理与分析,并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况,取得的成果,存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述,评论,建构与阐述。其中,确定一个研究主题,收集整理专题文献,阅读与挖掘文献内容,清理与记述专题研究状况,建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。
五、 研究计划及预期成果
(一)研究计划
4月15日-4月18日:指定论文指导教师,学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日:完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日:完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日:完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交,以便答辩老师阅读),指导教师分组阅读论文,师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日:论文答辩(答辩后,学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改,以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日:二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。
(二)预期成果
按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的,字数在5000英文 单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。
六、 参考文献:
[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.
[2] Cecil, David.Early Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934
[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着,方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社, 2001
[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着,宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社, 1996
[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然 返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01):69-73
[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6):80-83
[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04):80-85
[8] 邵旭东。 何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04):77-81
七、指导教师评语:
If you want the definition and usage of the word look at -noun, contemporary usage, parody is a form of satire that imitates another work of art in order to ridicule it. It can also be used to poke affectionate fun at the work in question. Parody exists in all art media, including literature, music, and cinema. Cultural movements can also be parodied. Such works are also sometimes colloquially referred to as spoofs.Contents * 1 Western origin * 2 Use in classical music * 3 English term * 4 Alternate meaning * 5 Film parodying film * 6 Copyright issues * 7 See also * 8 Examples o 8.1 Historical examples o 8.2 Contemporary examplesWestern originIn ancient Greek literature, a parody was a type of poem that imitated another poem's style. Indeed, the Greek roots of the word parody are par- ("beside" or "subsidiary") and -ody ("song", as in ode). Thus, the original Greek meant, roughly, "mock poem".Roman writers explained parody as an imitation of one poet by another for humorous effect. In French Neo-classical literature, "parody" was also a type of poem where one work imitates the style of another for humorous effect.Use in classical musicIn reference to 15th- to 18th-century music, "parody" means a reworking of one kind of composition into another - for example, a motet into a keyboard work; Girolamo Cavazzoni, Antonio de Cabezón, and Alonso Mudarra all created keyboard parodies of Josquin motets. More commonly, a parody mass (missa parodia) used extensive quotation from other vocal works such as motets; Victoria, Palestrina, Lassus, and other notable composers of the 16th century used this technique, also called marichu chollu. Song parodies can be filled with mishearings known as mondegreens.English termThe first usage of the word parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour in 1598: "A Parodie, a parodie! to make it absurder than it was." The next notable citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was not in common use. In his "Preface to the Satires", he says: "We may find, that they were Satryrique Poems, full of Parodies; that is, of Verses patch'd up from great Poets, and turn'd into another Sence than their Author intended them."Dryden's definition is therefore a departure from previous usage (as he implies satire), and Dryden adapts what was still a foreign term (parody) to apply to a recent literary subgenre that had no name: the mock-heroic.In "MacFlecknoe", Dryden created an entire poem designed to ridicule by parody. Dryden imitates Virgil's Aeneid, but the poem is about Thomas Shadwell, a minor dramatist. The implicit contrast between the heroic style from Virgil and the poor quality of the hero, Shadwell, makes Shadwell seem even worse. When dressed in Aeneas's clothes, Shadwell looks all the more ridiculous.Other parodies of the Restoration and early 18th century were similar to Dryden's: they employed an imitation of something serious and revered to ridicule a low or foolish person or habit. This is generally referred to as the mock-heroic, a genre generally credited to Samuel Butler and his poem Hudibras. When conscious, the contrast of very serious or exalted style with very frivolous or worthless subject is parody. When the combination is unconscious, it is bathos (derived from Alexander Pope's parody of Longinus, "Peri Bathos").Jonathan Swift is the first English author to apply the word parody to narrative prose, and it is perhaps because of a misunderstanding of Swift's own definition of parody that the term has since come to refer to any stylistic imitation that is intended to belittle. In "The Apology for the &c.", which is one of the prefaces to his A Tale of a Tub, Swift says that a parody is the imitation of an author one wishes to expose. In essence, this makes parody very little different from mockery and burlesque, and, given Swift's attention to language, it is likely that he knew this. In fact, Swift's definition of parody might well be a parody of Dryden's presumed habit of explaining the obvious or using loan words.After Jonathan Swift, the term parody was used almost exclusively to refer to mockery, particularly in narrative.The word spoof finds its origin in a game involving trickery and nonsense. The game was invented by Arthur Roberts, an English comedian.Alternate meaningIn the older sense of the word, parody can occur when whole elements of one work are lifted out of their context and reused. Pastiche is a form of parody, and parody can also occur when characters or settings belonging to one work are used in a humorous way in another, such as the transformation of minor characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from Shakespeare's drama Hamlet into the principal characters in a comedic perspective on the same events in the play (and film) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.In Flann O'Brien's novel At Swim-Two-Birds, for example, mad King Sweeney, Finn MacCool, a pookah, and an assortment of cowboys all assemble in an inn in Dublin: the mixture of mythic characters, characters from genre fiction, and a quotidian setting combine for a humor that is not directed at any of the characters or their authors. This combination of established and identifiable characters in a new setting is not the same as the post-modernist habit of using historical characters in fiction out of context to provide a metaphoric element. However, in the postmodern sensibility, blank parody is common where an artist takes the skeletal form of another art work and places it in a new context with new content.Film parodying filmSome genre film theorists see parody as a natural development in the life cycle of any genre, especially in film. Western movies, for example, after the classic stage defined the conventions of the genre, underwent a parody stage, in which those same conventions were lampooned. Because audiences had seen these classic Westerns, they had expectations for any new Westerns, and when these expectations were inverted, the audience laughed.Sometimes the reputation of a parody outlasts the reputation of what is being parodied. A notable case is the novel Shamela by Henry Fielding (1742), which was a parody of the gloomy epistolary novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) by Samuel Richardson. Many of Lewis Carroll's parodies, such as "You Are Old, Father William", are much better known than the originals. For example, Don Quixote, which mocks the traditional knight errant tales, is much more well-known than the novel that inspired it, Amadis de Gaula (although Amadis is mentioned in the book).A subset of parody is self-parody in which artists satirize themselves (such as in Ricky Gervais's Extras) or their work (such as Antonio Banderas's Puss in Boots in Shrek 2), or an artist or genre repeats elements of earlier works to the point that originality is lost.One good example of film parody can be found in the line of "Scary Movie" films. The films poke fun at familiar elements from recent horror and other mainstream movies. (For example, Scary Movie 3 incorporates the storylines of The Ring and Signs.)Copyright issuesAlthough a parody can be considered a derivative work under United States Copyright Law it can be protected under the fair use of 17 USC § 107. In 2001, the Federal Court of Appeals, 11th District in Suntrust v. Houghton Mifflin upheld the right of Alice Randall to publish a parody of Gone with the Wind called The Wind Done Gone, which told the same story from the point of view of Scarlett O'Hara's slaves, who were glad to be rid of her.See also the Supreme Court of the United States case Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. regarding the song Oh, Pretty Woman.See also * Literary technique * Parody advertisement * Parody music * Parody religion * Parody scienceExamplesHistorical examples * Sir Thopas in Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer * Don Quixote by Miguel Cervantes * Beware the Cat by William Baldwin * The Knight of the Burning Pestle by Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher * Dragon of Wantley, an anonymous 17th century ballad * Hudibras by Samuel Butler * "MacFlecknoe", by John Dryden * A Tale of a Tub by Jonathan Swift * The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope * Namby Pamby by Henry Carey * Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift * The Dunciad by Alexander Pope * The Memoirs of Martinus Scribblerus by John Gay, Alexander Pope, John Arbuthnot, Earl of Oxford, et al. * Rasselas, Prince of Abbysinia by Samuel Johnson * Mozart's A Musical Joke (Ein musikalischer Spaß), K.522 (1787) - parody of incompetent contemporaries of Mozart, as assumed by some theorists * Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlysle * Ways and Means, or The aged, aged man, by Lewis Carrol. Much of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass is parodic of Victorian schooling.[edit]Contemporary examples * Airplane! - gag based parody of disaster films and air travel * Army Of Darkness - the third part of the Evil Dead trilogy, which parodies numerous horror films, including Evil Dead itself. * Ask a Ninja - a series of online comedy videos about the image of ninjas in popular culture. * Austin Powers series - parodies of spy films, especially the James Bond series, and a broad range of popular culture. * Barry Trotter - parodies of Harry Potter books. * Blazing Saddles - a movie by director Mel Brooks, parodying American westerns * The Boomer Bible - a book by R. F. Laird, which parodies contemporary society and mores. * Bored of the Rings - a parody of The Lord of the Rings * The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) – a parody of all of the plays of William Shakespeare. * Chappelle's Show - A sketch comedy series that parodies music videos, celebrities, advertisements, Internet, and famous movies. * Clubbo Records - a record label and related website parodying various popular music genres * The Colbert Report - a parody of pundit programs, particularly The O'Reilly Factor. * The Daily Show - A popular fake news show on Comedy Central hosted by Jon Stewart * Drawn Together - parodies the various genres of animation, along with TV reality shows. * Flat Earth Society - An organization that claims the Earth is flat. * Futurama - parodies film & contempory culture Star Trek, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, Microsoft, Puppy Chow, Y2K, Buck Rodgers, and others. * French & Saunders - a comedy series which has featured parodies of several major hit films (including Titanic (1997), Misery, Braveheart, Thelma and Louise, Lord of the Rings) * Genesis' song Jesus He Knows Me had a parody video of TV Evangelists * Hot Shots - An outrageous war film parody. * Kung Fu Hustle - a movie by Steven Chow parodying Chinese wuxia films, as well as gangster films in general * Lazy Sunday - a music video parodying hardcore rap and The Chronicles of Narnia film * The Legion of Net.Heroes - a Usenet shared universe that parodies the Superhero genre, the Comic Book industry, and the Internet. * MAD Magazine - parody of practically everything in American popular culture * The Misprint - similar to The Onion, parodies politics in India * Moral Orel - parody of Davey and Goliath * Chris Morris's The Day Today and Brass Eye - parodies of high paced self-important genre of TV news programmes * Muddle Earth, a book loosely based on and a parody of LOTR * Not Another Teen Movie, a movie that parodies teen flicks such as She's All That, American Pie, The Breakfast Club, Bring It On and various others. * The Onion - parody of newspaper and magazine journalism * Parodius - parody of the side-scrolling video game Gradius as well as other Konami franchises * Perfect Hair Forever- an anime parody on adult swim. * Radio Active - BBC parody of poorly funded rural local commercial radio * The Rerun Show - television series that parodies classic episodes of old shows * Ripping Yarns - television tales penned by Michael Palin and Terry Jones to parody heroic stories/comics aimed at British boys during the 1920-1960 (?) period * Rutland Weekend Television - Eric Idle inspired parody of low grade commercial television * The Rutles - parody of The Beatles * Scary Movie (Quadrilogy) - Parodies of horror movies such as Scream, I Know What You Did Last Summer, The Exorcist, The Haunting, Signs, The Ring, etc. * Scream a sly parody of the slasher horror genre, so subtle that in fact most people took it to be the real thing and it spawned numerous parodies of its own. * Second City Television - parody of North American network television programming. * Many episodes of South Park, especially in recent seasons. One example is The Church of Scientology Episode - * Soap - Soap-Opera Parody * Spaceballs - Mel Brooks-directed parody of space opera, such as Star Wars and Star Trek * The Sunday Format - BBC radio parody of vacuous lifestyle journalism * This Is Spinal Tap, a spoof of the heavy metal music business, by Rob Reiner * Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog- often makes fun of Musicians, Actors,and anything else in pop culture. * Uncyclopedia - An online parody of Wikipedia. * University of Psychogenic Fugue - A parody college course catalog for a fictional American University. * "Weird Al" Yankovic's, Tom Lehrer's, Cletus T. Judd's, and Allan Sherman's innumerable song parodiessource:
中文定义:仿拟是按照已有的语言表达形式,临时造出新的语言形式的一种辞格。
英文定义:Parody is a figure of speech that temporarily creates new linguistic forms according to existing linguistic expressions.
用法:仿拟所模仿的一般为固定词语或短语,也可以扩大到句子、段落、篇章,甚至语体、风格。模仿的对象是固定短语,如成语、熟语等,固定短语从构成成分上来说大于词,但其作用相当于一个词,这类仿拟,也以归人仿词为宜。
扩展资料
仿拟(parody) 可用在许多地方,但广告无疑是一块可以大事发挥仿拟的肥沃土地。广告为了争夺潜在顾客,常常借助仿拟修辞格。在广告中,仿拟可以分为"仿词","仿语"和"仿句"。
《大学英语》中就有许多仿拟辞格(Parody),如:To Lie or Not To Lie,that is a question。它仿拟的是莎士比亚名著哈姆雷特的名句:To be or not to be,that is a question。
参考资料来源:百度百科——仿拟
谈广告英语的特征分析
英语是我们高中学习的一门重要学科,因此对它掌握如何对我们来说是至关重要的,怎样对广告英语的特征分析?
[内容摘要] 本课题从我国改革开放的实际需要出发,研究广告,特别是广告英语的特征。
因为,作为英语广告主要载体的广告英语在努力体现除了有帮助消费者认识商品的作用外,还有诱发消费者感情,引起购买欲望、促进消费行动的心理功能,遗留给消费者以美感享受的美学功能的过程中,逐渐形成了自己鲜明的特点。这些特点的掌握有利于提高大家英语应用文体的理解能力,有利于我们更好地搞好对外交流工作,有利于提高我们的生活质量,有利于提高大家对广告英语的欣赏水平,提高生活质量。
[关键词]广告;广告英语;双关语;语韵
abstract:the advertisement is a very important way to express information to public.it can not only help people to understand some knowledge of the products, but also attract people’s greater desire to buy the products , improve the trade and leave a beautiful impression on the people.so it has its obvious characteristics in these functions. we’re very happy to have achieved some achievements in english advertising with the help of our teacher and our co-operation.above all, we wish all of you to have a better understanding about the characteristics of english advertisements after you have read our introduction about it.
key words: english;advertising fun;alliteration &rhyme
前言
当今世界,随着各国交往的不断频繁,世界经济全球化的进程不断加深,国际间合作也进一步加强。在这一时期内,英语因其特殊的魅力,逐渐成为各国人民沟通的共同语言。自从香港、澳门的回归,中国加入wto,中国成功申办2008年奥运会,各国之间的交往越加密切,更多的外国企业要入驻中国,越来越多的外国人将会来中国旅游、做生意。因此,英语对我们来说是至关重要的。而英语广告配合国际营销需要,引导新东西,带来新信息。它如今也是一个十分热门的专业,因此,我们产生了这个课题。
首先,英语是我们高中学习的一门重要学科,因此对它掌握如何对我们来说是至关重要的。现在我们研究广告英语的特点这项研究,可以扩大知识面,熟悉新单词,了解英、美等国家的文化和习俗。
其次,了解英语广告的特点,学习国外先进的科学技术和经济手段,为我所用,对我国提高经济有重要的作用。
当然,我们研究的最重要目的是提高自己的英语水平,为将来能够谋求最理想的职业,发展自我。
二、广告英语的特征
广告,是为了某种特定的需要,通过一定形式的媒介物,公开而广泛地向社会传递信息的一种宣传手段。广告除了有帮助消费者认识商品的作用外,还有诱发消费者感情,引起购买欲望、促进消费行动的心理功能,遗迹给消费者以美感享受的美学功能。因此,作为英语广告主要载体的广告英语在努力体现这几种功能的过程中,逐渐形成了自己鲜明的特色:简明易懂,生动形象,幽默新奇。
经过这一学年的研究和调查,我们总算取得了一定的研究成果,大致发现了广告英语的主要特点,并进行了总结和归纳。我们希望,我们的这项研究能对大家进一步了解广告英语的特点,提高英语应用文体的理解能力起到“抛砖引玉”的作用。
1、简明扼要,浅显易懂
首先,广告的基本特点是让有限的篇幅表达尽可能多的信息。广告既要简短,又要明白准确地体现广告内容。因此广告英语的特点之一是词语短小、结构简单、简明扼要、浅显易懂。
1) 广告英语中常用词义浅显的短语。例如,
2) the only car in its class.(1993villager汽车广告)
it gives me clear,plain paper faxes at a price i can afford..(canon 复印机广告)
以上几则广告所用词汇长度都不超过六个字母,其词义是每个普通百姓都能明白的,体现了广告英语浅显易懂的特点。
2)广告英语中广泛使用祈使句、疑问句和省略句。例如:
help make a difference in the ireland of today.(文化慈善机构广告)
come to life in hawaii.(旅游广告)
come into mcdonald’s and enjoy a big mac sandwich.(三明治广告)
air quality!(航空公司广告)
广告英语很少使用复合句,正是这些结构简单的祈使句、疑问句和省略句使广告英语读起来简明扼要,听起来轻松活泼。
2、生动形象,含义深刻
广告的目的是促进消费行动,广告语言要刺激消费者的联想,从而扩大注意、巩固记忆。因此,广告英语的特点之二是借助不同的修饰来增加语言的感染力。以真情,真心,真诚去感染消费者,赢得消费者的信任。或者通过深入消费者的内心,让消费者看过广告后,内心就有所出动,从而煽动消费者产生购买行为。
1) 平行对照(antithesis)。这种修饰结构上对称,意义上对照,形式整齐匀称,内容既适合于中伏强调,又适合于反衬对照,音、形、义都富于形象感。例如:
tear out!fill in! fax now…(maclean杂志征订广告)
warehouse clearance. their loss, your gain!(清仓甩卖广告)
distilled from rocky mountain water and canadian prairie grain.(vodka酒广告)
quality breeds success.(福特汽车广告)
这则广告套用了谚语”familiarity breeds contempt.”。(各自识老底,互相瞧不起。)
distilled from rocky mountain water and canadian prairie grain。(vodka酒广告)
2) 仿拟(parody)。仿拟是套用人们熟悉的某个谚语、格言、名句,使其产生一种新的意义,从而达到标新立异、加深印象的效果。例如:
not all cars are created equal.(三菱汽车广告)
这则广告套用了《美国独立宣言》中的“all men are created equal”(人人平等。)
quality breeds success.(福特汽车广告)
这则广告套用了谚语“familliarity breeds contempt.”(各自识老底,互相瞧不起。)
3、诙谐幽默,富于美感
广告是艺术含量很高的一种宣传手段,给消费者以美的享受是广告的一个功能。广告的设计是按照整齐、一律、均衡、对称、和谐等原则进行的。因此,广告英语的另一个特点是以优美的音韵增加广告的魅力。标新立异,出其不意,用特效烘托气氛。
1)头韵(alliteration)。头韵是两个或两个以上的词的首字母的发音相同而产生的音韵。在广告中使用头韵看起来醒目,读起来悦耳。另外,某些音位的组合所具有的特定联想意义能体现语言与事物的有机联系和内在和谐。例如:
export fair set for foreign-funded firms.(博览会广告)
这是一则外资企业出口产品博览会的广告,7个词中有5个(fair, for , foreign, funded, firms)互押头韵。听起来好象是博览会在文质彬彬地迎接众多外资企业。
bathing beauty discovered in interior decorator‘s room。(瓷砖广告)
这则广告中有两组头韵词“bathing,beauty,bathing”和“discovered,decorator’s),让消费者将装修与美丽联系起来,暗示了产品的神奇效果.
1) 尾韵(rhyme)。尾韵是两个或两个以上的词的尾元音及后的辅音相同而产生的音韵。在广告中使用尾韵,能加强广告的音乐性,突出广告的声律美。例如:
emergency medical insurance and assistance.(保险广告)
“insurance ”与“assistance”押尾韵,让投保者联想到“保险”与“帮助”之间的必然联系。
special offers for alrmiles collectors and maclean subscribers.( maclean’s 杂志广告)
这则广告里三个词互押尾韵。读起来有一种节律美,能在消费者记忆里留下较深的印象。
4、巧用双关语
作为一种修辞手段,双关语在广告中比较常用,它存在于语音、词汇、句法等各个语言层面。在广告中,广告制作者为了增加广告的吸引力,挖空心思地追求新的创意,使得双关语在广告中的运用技巧更加纷繁复杂。巧妙的双关能使语言含蓄4、巧用双关语
作为一种修辞手段,双关语在广告中比较常用,它存在于语音、词汇、句法等各个语言层面。在广告中,广告制作者为了增加广告的吸引力,挖空心思地追求新的创意,使得双关语在广告中的运用技巧更加纷繁复杂。巧妙的双关能使语言含蓄、幽默、生动、给人以回味和想象的余地。较为常见的有以下几个方面。
1)谐音双关 “谐音双关是用拼写相似,发音相同或相近的'词构成的” 。广告制作者非常乐于使用谐音双关,因为此类双关具有风趣、幽默、俏皮、滑稽的语言风格,能增强广告的说服力和感染力,从而给消费者留下深刻的印象。
(1) ore sun and air for your son and heir.
(这里有充足的阳光,清新的空气,一切为了您的子孙后代。 )
在这则海滨浴场的宣传广告中,制作者巧妙地运用了sun-son, air-heir这两对谐音字,使广告语言不仅和谐悦耳,读来朗朗上口,而且颇风趣、幽默,具有感召力。
2)语义双关 :语义双关是利用词语或句子的多义性在特定环境下形成的双关” 。这种双关在广告中运用得也非常广泛,它与谐音双关有异曲同工之妙。
(2) the label of achievements.
black label commands more respects. (酒是功成名就的标志。黑色标志使您更显尊贵。)
语义双关也多见于品牌名称中。这是一则威士忌酒的广告,label有两层含义,一为“标志”,一为酒的牌子—black label。该广告通过双关手段的运用,使人联想到功成名就时就要饮用该酒;同时,用品牌名称形成双关,又便于消费者对品牌的记忆,从而对商品发生兴趣。
3)语法双关 :语法双关是指由于语法方面的问题产生的双关,如省略结构、某词或词组具有两种以上语法功能等。
(3) which lager can claim to be truly german?this can.[旁边画有一罐啤酒]
(哪种大罐啤酒可称得上是地道的德国货?这罐。 )
这是一则lager牌淡啤酒的广告。句中的can既可作情态动词,又可作名词(饮料罐)。由于can一语双关,加上lager的品牌名称双关,以及旁边插图的妙用,使广告产生了一定的幽默效果,给读者以深刻的印象。
无独有偶,可口可乐公司也在这个can字上做文章。
(4)coke refreshes you like no other can. (没有什么能像可乐那样令您神清气爽。)
句中can既可理解为名词“罐,听”,又可看成是情态动词“能”,全句可理解为coke refreshes you like no other (can: tin, drink) can (refresh you)。 这则广告诙谐机智,富于文字情趣,能使商品连同这一广告词一起久久印在读者记忆里。
4)成语或俗语双关
广告语言特别善于引用一些人们耳熟能详的成语或俗语。这些广告以人们原有的社会、文化知识为基础,以鲜明、独特的语言形式形成双关,既增强了广告的吸引力,又体现了广告语言的艺术性,更使广告具有令人回味的弦外之音。
(5) you’ll go nuts for the nuts you get in nux. (纳克斯坚果让你爱不释口。)
从广告的字面意义看,to go nuts是“去买坚果”,但它同时还是一句成语,意为“疯狂、发疯”。双关语的运用表明了纳克斯牌坚果对人们的吸引力是无以抗拒的。
三、总结
由于我们仅是高二的学生,我们的英语专业水平不高,所以我们在研究过程中遇到这样那样或多或少的问题。但是,在我们全组成员和指导老师的共同努力下,我们终于克服了研究过程遇到的种种困难,圆满完成了课题的全部研究任务。由此可见,众人拾柴火焰高。三个臭皮匠可以顶个诸葛亮,何况我们是8个人呢!我们和我们的指导师都为我们所取得的研究成果感到自豪。因为,我们从研究性学习的时间过程中学会了研究的基本方法,学会了在知识的海洋中去探究、去吸收、去消化!
当然, 经过这个学期的研究性学习,我们在课余时间学习到不少课堂上学不到的知识,在英语、电脑方面以及语言组织能力方面都有比较高的提高。我们在查找资料、上网搜寻、课件制作和撰写开题报告和结题论文的时候都对广告英语都有了不少的了解,也同时学到了不少新的单词,而这也是正是我们的最终目的.现如今,英语作为地球人沟通的共同语言,并且是我们高考的必考科目,对于我们来说重要至极.在研究性学习上能够进一步加强我们的英语听、说、读、写、译等方面的能力,为即将到来的高考和今后走向社会作好知识和能力的储备!
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