summary英 ['sʌm(ə)rɪ] 美 ['sʌməri] adj. 简易的;扼要的n. 概要,摘要,总结Summary executions of African men in groups of 60 to 70 have been documented. Auerbach has written an accessible summary of the literature on the incidence of the tax. If someone in business returns from a conference, you are likely to see a video summary. In summary, there is strong evidence that investors ignore selection biases in fund performance advertisements. Thank you Media Matters, for an efficient summary of the terms of the energy debate. For more on the topic, New Scientist offers this clever summary in video. It is impossible to give a brief summary of what has happened in the eastern Congo? The summary of responses to the consultation has been published on the department's website.Below I provide some quotes from her appearance, along with a summary of the law. Summary Opinion 2012-100, (October 16, 2012), sometimes all the Service needs is the smell test. As Nagasaki shows, the Japanese have learned to exact summary justice at the ballot-box. The SCMP's wire summary said the proposed law is a watered-down version of the original. Download the full report, the Executive Summary or browse the report by chapter. Tonight we will be sending you a summary that you may share with your clients. The rougher and more summary his work, the greater its appeal to the cultivated. Click here for copies of a six-page summary of this important Center Roundtable Discussion. It's compiled by the online magazine, Slate, and here is Mark Jordan Legan with SummaryJudgment. In summary, we have a gap up this morning after a sharp 7 day decline. The NHS is working towards compiling an Emergency Care Summary for every person in Scotland. If you lose your summary plan description, you may have a difficult time getting another copy.
第一步:阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步:动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例:“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8) 使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如:Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful„ like eating cardboard or sand„ just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为:Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步:修改成文草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后,保持语言简单明了。
Summary翻译成中文就是提要或者摘要,这一部分主要是对全文的一个提炼、概括。提要的部分对于字数的要求比较灵活,可以是纯文字也可以是图文并茂的。一般写Summary是要写完整篇论文后再去完成。 1.分段 大致浏览一些文章,并进行分段,包括标题、副标题、字体等。 2.阅读 从头到尾读一遍,好好感受作者的语气、风格以及中心思想,当在阅读中发现问题的时候,不要中断阅读立刻去查找,等到全部读完,在去查找也不迟。 3.重读 再次阅读的时候,需要将主题句、关键句以及对自己写summary有用的部分标记出来,有些不需要写在提要但是比较精彩的部分,要做好区别。 4.一次只写一句 到目前为止,你对将要进行摘要写作的文章有了深刻的理解。在前三步中,你做了分段,也明确了作者的写作意图。现在你要把每个分段的中心思想都用一句整话写出来。要记住,句子里只要关键点,而非细节描述。 5.写主旨 对于任何一篇高质量的摘要来说,写好主旨句是关键。可以从中得出整篇文章要表达的主旨。如果你无法得出文章主旨,那就需要翻回头再好好读一下你的句子,看看你写的内容是不是针对文章要点而写的。 6.开始写作 可以把主旨句作为摘要的引导句引出文章,其他句子当作摘要的内容。记得这些句子要按顺序写作,句与句之间加些过渡词(例如然后,然而,并且,而且等)。过渡词对摘要的总体结构有一定的帮助作用,也让文章读起来更通顺流畅。动笔之前(或打字之前哈),牢记以下几点:用现在时写作;摘要里要写原作者和作品名称;力求简洁:summary的字数比原文少;如果必须用到原文,需要引用表述;摘要忌有自己的观点、想法、解释。摘要写作的目的是准确表达作者的观点,而非评论。 7.检查准确性 重读写完的summary,确定你已将作者的思想、关键点准确表述出来了。所借鉴的引用都正确列入摘要里了,且文章里没有出现你自己的评论。 8.修改润色 当你觉得摘要写好了,还要从格式、语法、标点上再进行一次检查。时间允许的话,还可以把你写的摘要拿给其他人读下。别人应该可以单凭你的摘要就理解原文的意思。如果没有理解到位,说明你的摘要中个别部分或许着墨过多,从而忽视了作者的主要观点。以上内容参考自:
第一步:阅读
A.认真阅读给定的原文材料.如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍.阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻.
B.给摘要起一个标题.用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题.也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题.主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾.一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想.
C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了.对重要部分的主要观点进行概括.
D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西.
第二步:动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长.因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字.摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字. B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成.不要引用原文的句子.
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序.这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实.
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意.
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:
1) 删除细节.只保留主要观点.
2) 选择一至两个例子.原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子.
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子.如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可.
4) 避免重复.在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明.但是这在摘要中是不能使用的.应该删除那些突出强调的重述句.
5) 压缩长的句子.如下例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句.7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
8) 使用最短的连接词.比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词.
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化。第三步:修改成文 草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改.首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致.其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们.第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误.最后,保持语言简单明了. 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了.
拓展资料:
summary / 'sʌməri / 既可以做名词,也可以做形容词。
adj.做形容词时的含义有
1.总结性的,概括的,概述的
2.简明的,扼要的
3.即时的,即刻的
n.做名词时的含义有
1.总结,概略,摘要,一览
2.[废语]结局;顶点
参考资料:summary百度百科
主回答
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品,然后对作品进行整体分析,掌握原文总的意思和结构,明确全文的主题(the maintheme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)。
2)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要,还是写某一部分的概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
配图
扩展资料
Type 1: 以事件为核心。what happened? who are involved? why did the story/event happen? what impact did it have on the people involved?Type 2: 以人物为核心。who is it (the source text) about? what events/happenings are introduced about the person? what personality/characteristics was reflected through the accounts? how does/did the central figure influence others (including the writer)?
如果是描述性、说明类的文章:what is it (the source text) about? how does/did it come into being the way it is now? how is it valued by the public?
如果是议论性的文章:what is the central claim? what are the assumptions? what are the main points/ major supporting details? 建议这种文章画一下思维导图,主要论点和论据会更清晰。
长度:一般是文章字数的20~25%左右。评判标准:如果老师有grading rubrics,那直接问老师要,如果没有,一般是看1)对英语的驾驭能力,具体体现在遣词造句语法词汇上,2)对文章内容的掌握程度,是否提取出要点,组织是否合理等。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤:(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。 第一步:阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步:动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧:1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例:“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8) 使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化,比如:Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为:Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do harm to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless. 第三步:修改成文草稿拟好以后,对它进行修改。首先,与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了,摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次,如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子,删除它们。第三,检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后,保持语言简单明了。 经过上述步骤和方法,一篇摘要就可以完成了。
summary一般是英文作业中的总结或者摘要。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。summary考核了学生对于资料的总结和表达的能力。下面是我从meeloun教育网摘抄的summary写作方法,你可以看看,或许对你有用
第一步:阅读
A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B.给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C.现在,就该决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括summary重要的东西。
第二步:动手写作
A. summary应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数,然后除以三,得到一个数字。summary的字数可以少于这个数字,但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. summary应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. summary必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息,以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写summary时可以采用下列几种小技巧:
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在summary中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例:“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.”“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.”
6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词,比如:“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
8) 使用最短的连接词。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常,使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在summary中转换成第三人称,从而把大段的对白简化
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