pm25论文外文参考文献

外文参考文献的写法

在学习和工作的日常里，大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧，论文可以推广经验，交流认识。你写论文时总是无从下笔？下面是我帮大家整理的外文参考文献的写法论文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。不同的参考文献，引用和标注的格式要求是不一样的，特别是对于英文参考文献来说，格式不对，很容易影响整篇论文的质量和查重率，下面是我整理的外文参考文献的写法，欢迎大家阅览。

单一作者著作的书籍：

姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍：

姓，名字首字母., & 姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社. Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press. 文集中的文章：

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books. 期刊中的文章(非连续页码)：

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码)：

姓，名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期，页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章：

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

[1] Andrea H. Creating ‘buzz’：opportunities and limitations of social media for arts institutions and their viral marketing, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,2012; 17(3), 173-182.

[2] Andreas M. K，Michael Haenlein.Two hearts in three-quarter time: How to waltz the social media/viral marketing dance.Business horizons，2011,54(3)，253-263.

[3] Angela D.,David T.. Controlled infection! Spreading the brand message through viral marketing. Business Horizons. 2005,3(48).143-149,

[4] Bowman D.，Narayandas D.. Managing customerinitiated contacts with manufacturers: The impact on share of category requirements and word-of-mouth behavior Journal of Marketing Research, 2001，38(3),281-297.

[5] Brown J. J., Reingen P. H.. Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior. The Journal of Consumer Research, 1987,14(3),350—362，

[6] Carmen C. Social and attitudinal determinants of viral marketing dynamics. Computers in Human Behavior，2011,27(6)，2292-2300.

[7] Douglas R.Media Virus. New York;Ballantine Books，1994,3-16.

[8] Ennew C.，Banerjee A.. Li D..Managing Word of mouth communication: empirical evidence.International Journal of Bank Marketing, 2000,18(2).75-83.

[9] Goldenberg J.，Libai B., Muller E.. Talk of the network: A complex systems look at the underlying process of word-of-mouth. Marketing Letters, 2001, 3(12).211-223.

[10] Hinz, 01iver,Skiera.Seeding Strategies for Viral Marketing: An Empirical Comparison. Journal of Marketing,2011,75(6),55-72,

[11] Ho Jason Y.C., Dempsey.vral marketing: Motivations to forward online content.ournal of Business Research?2010,63(9-10), 1000-1006.

[12] Hoedemaekers, Casper.Viral marketing and imaginary ethics, or the joke that goes too far. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society,2011,16(2),162-178.

[13] Jinshuang L.. Scalable Influence Maximization in Social Networks Using theCommunity Discovery Algorithm. Genetic and Evolutionary Computing(1CGEC), 2012 Sixth International Conference on.2012.8(25),284-287.

[14] Judith C. Dina M.. The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews.Journal of Marketing Research.2006. 43(3).345-356.

[15] Jure L, Lada A. A, Bernardo A. H. The dynamics of viral marketing. In ACMconference on Electronic Commerce，2006，pages 228-237.

[16] Joseph E. ,Regina L..Viral Marketing or Electronic Word-of-Mouth Advertising:Examining Consumer Responses and Motivations to Pass Along Email. Journalof Advertising Research,2004,12(44),333-348.

[17] Lucy H..Viral Marketing: Share index is measure of a viral's success，MarketingWeek,2010,5(4)，24-32.

[18] M. J. S"Game Plan For Viral Marketing. Meetings and Conventions,2010,45(6),41-53.

[19] Malcolm G. The Tipping Point. New York： Little,Brown and Company，2000,5-20.

[20] Mani R. S.，Balaji R. Knowledge-sharing and influence in online social networksvia viral marketing. Communications of the ACM, 2003，46(12)，300—307.

[21] Matt H.The art of buzz; Viral marketing agency knows how to get a lot ofattention. National Post,2011,FP4.

[22] McConnell， Michael.'Viral' marketing's power - and time torenew.Snips，2011，80(6),5-20.

[23] Michalski, Radoslaw J.. Negative Effects of Incentivised Viral Campaigns for Activity in Social Networks. Cloud and Green Computing(CGC).2012,11(1-3),391-398.

[24] Palka, Wolfgang.Mobile word-of-mouth - A grounded theory of mobile viralmarketing. Information Technology Journal,2009.24(2), 172-185.

[25] Pandit S.，Yang Y..Maximizing Information Spread through Influence Structuresin Social Networks. Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on. 2012,12(10),258-265.

[26] Raei H. A New Algorithm for Positive Influence Dominating Set in SocialNetworks. Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (AS ON AM), 2012IEEE/ACM International Conference on.2012,8(26),253-257.

[27] Ralph F.W. The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing. 2005-02-01.

[28] Scott, David M. The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use NewsReleases, Blogs, Podcasting，Viral Marketing and Online Media to Reach BuyersDirectly, John Wiley & Scons.2011,41-101

[29] Sabrina H. Viral marketing-establishing customer relationships by 'word-of-mouse'. Electronic Markets，2000,10(3),158-161.

[30] Shapiro,Michael J.. Building Buzz:How Viral Marketing Promotes Meetiongs.Meetings and Conventions,201045(6).36-42.

[31] Watts D., Peretti J.. Viral marketing for the Real Word. Harvard BusinessReview,2007,10(1),22-23.

[32] Wonyeol L.. CT-IC: Continuously Activated and Time-Restricted Independent Cascade Model for Viral Marketing. Data Mining (ICDM)，2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on. 2012,12(10),960-965.

一、论文正文引用之处用圆括号作夹注，基本格式为“（作者，发表年份）”，同时将该引文详细信息列明在参考文献内。夹注中包含多篇文献时，各作者之间用分号隔开。

二、参考文献类型以字母方式标识：期刊J，专著M，报纸N，学位论文D，论文集C，报告R，标准S，专利P，数据库DB，计算机程序CP，电子公告EB。

三、电子文献的载体类型采用双字母表示：磁带MT，磁盘DK，光盘CD，联机网络OL。以纸张为载体的传统文献在引用时不必注明其载体类型。

四、参考文献列于文末，以“参考文献：”作为标志，先中文后外文，中文按照拼音前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列；英文按单词前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列。参考文献请标明序号，用数字加方括号表示，如“［1］［2］［3］”。

五、对于文献有多位作者的`，只标明前三位作者，以“,”分隔，从第四位开始用“等”或者“et al.”代替。

六、外文参考文献格式与中文参考文献相同，标题的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写。

七、各类参考文献条目的具体编排格式及示例如下：

1.期刊：

[序号]作者．文章标题[J]．刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码．

[1]刘明辉，张宜霞．内部控制的经济学思考[J]．会计研究，2002，(8)：51-53．

[1] KANAMORI H．Shaking without Quaking[J].Science,2002,15(1):12-17.

2.专著：

[序号]著者．书名[M]．出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码．

[2]张维迎．博弈论与信息经济学[M]．上海：上海人民出版社，1996：15-18．

[2]JONES R M. Mechanics of Composite Materials[M].New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1975.

3.报纸：

[序号]作者．文章标题[N]．报纸名，出版日期(版次)．

[3]陈毓圭．修订完善审计准则 保持持续全面国际趋同[N]．上海证券报，2010-9-20(10)．

[3]GUO Ai-bing. Auto Show Revs up Customers' Desire[N].China Daily,2002-06-07(1).

4.学位论文：

[序号]作者．文章标题[D]．地点：单位，年．

[4]朱刚.新型流体有限元法及叶轮机械正反混合问题[D]．北京：清华大学，1996．

[4]Sun M.A Study of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Ground Effect[D]．Princeton：Princeton University，1983．

5.论文集析出文献：

[序号]作者．文章标题[C]//编者．文集名．出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码．

[5]张佑才.繁荣会计理论研究促进会计事业发展[C]//中国会计学会．1996年会计学论文集．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1997：537-548．

[5]Hunninghaks G W，Gadek J B，Szapiel S V，et al．The Human Alveolar Macrophage[C]//Harris C C．Cultured Human Cells and Issues in Biomedical Research．New York：Academic Press，1980：54-56.

6.电子文献：

对于非纸张型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标志中同时标明其载体类型［文献类型标志/载体类型标志］，如“［J/OL］”。对于载体为“OL”的文献，还应标明发表或更新日期（加圆括号，有出版年的文献可不选此项）、引用日期和网址。

[序号]作者．文章标题［文献类型标志/载体类型标志］．（发表或更新日期）［引用日期］．网址．

[6]王军.振奋精神 潜心研究 大力推进会计理论研究的繁荣与发展[R/OL].（2005-01-08）［2006-11-12]. http://www.asc.em.tsinghua.edu.cn.

[6]CHRISTINE M. Plant Physiology: Plant Biology in the Genome Era[J/OL].Science(S0036-8075),1998,281:331-332[1998-09-23].

一般来说，中文文章会有英文标题和摘要，如果没有，仍然是按照参考文献的格式翻译成英文。另一些则按照大多数英文文献或期刊的标准方法引用。

按照高等学校学报编排要求用外文原文标注，注意页码标注应为P.(注意p下要有一点)。以英文书籍为例的标注格式模板：作者名(英文).书名(英文)[M].出版社地址(英文)：出版社名(英文).出版年份(阿拉伯数字)，页码（P.xx）

参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中.外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。原文就是指原作品,原件。即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本。这个中文版本就称为译文