英与论文开题报告都写什么

开题报告包括综述、关键技术、可行性分析和时间安排等四个方面 。由于开题报告是用文字体现的论文总构想,因而篇幅不必过大,但要把计划研究的课题、如何研究、理论适用等主要问题写清楚。开题报告一般为表格式，它把要报告的每一项内容转换成相应的栏目，这样做，既避免遗漏;又便于评审者一目了然，把握要点。开题报告的内容一般包括:题目、理论依据(毕业论文选题的目的与意义、国内外研究现状)、研究方案(研究目标、研究内容、研究方法、研究过程、拟解决的关键问题及创新点)、条件分析(仪器设备、协作单位及分工、人员配置)、课题负责人、起止时间、报告提纲等。

英语方面内容肯定好

英语论文开题报告范文 function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts). dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis. a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts. 2 outline 2.1 development and major concepts of dts in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. 2.2 methodolgy i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. 2.3 dts in contrast to other theories a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. 2.4 case study in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. 2.5 conclusion based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.) 0 000

附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)“it is therefore pointless to try to make tc more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(wilss, 1982: 217)‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”’（张南峰，1990：59-60） 附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)wilss, wolfram. the science of translation – problems and methods. gunter narr verlag tubingen,1982.newmark, peter. a textbook of translation. new york: prentice hall, 1988.delabastita, dirk. translating puns: a false opposition in translation studies. target, 1991(3:2):137-152. 专业： 研究方向： 作者： 导师： 写作时间： — 对外经济贸易大学英语学院（英文）school of international studiesuniversity of international business and economicspragmatic strategies in advertising: implicatureswang yinga thesis submitted to school of international studies of university of international business and economicsin partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of artsapril 2002beijing, china参考资料:

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。