英语专业论文硕士开题报告

英语学院硕士研究生论文开题报告规范

英语学院硕士研究生论文格式规范 目  录

一、 开题报告 1、 总述 2、 提纲 3、 要求 4、 范例

二、论文 1、 论文内容 1） 引论 2） 理论概述 3） 研究方法 4） 个案研究 5） 分析讨论 6） 结论 2、 论文形式 1） 语言 2） 论文各部分的顺序 3） 引文形式 4） 字数要求 5） 定义 6） 图表 3、 排版格式 1） 封面 2） 格式

三、附录  附录1- 开题报告范例 附录2- 引文范例 附录3- 参考文献范例 附录4- 封面范例

前  言

我院历届研究生论文写作和答辩过程中，都会遇到一些有关论文写作规范的问题，近年来研究生的人数不断增加，这方面的问题更显突出。鉴于此，英语学院决定制定硕士研究生论文格式规范，通过科学、严谨、合理的研究生论文格式，使我院研究生论文写作进一步规范化，符合现行学术主流的要求，提高研究生论文质量和研究生培养的整体水平。 本格式规范参照现行学术论文的规范与要求，主要对论文格式予以规范，对于论文的内容结构略有涉及，但是考虑到各研究方向的不同特点，在这方面不拟过细规定。这方面的知识在相关课程特别是论文写作课程上应有详细介绍。本格式规范包含以下两部分：一、开题报告；二、论文。 一、开题报告

由于开题报告是用文字体现的论文总构想，因而篇幅不必过大，但要把计划研究的课题、如何研究、理论适用等主要问题说清楚，应包含两个部分：总述、提纲。

1 总述

开题报告的'总述部分应首先提出选题，并简明扼要地说明该选题的目的、目前相关课题研究情况、理论适用、研究方法、必要的数据等等。

2 提纲

开题报告包含的论文提纲可以是粗线条的，是一个研究构想的基本框架。可采用整句式或整段式提纲形式。在开题阶段，提纲的目的是让人清楚论文的基本框架，没有必要像论文目录那样详细。

3 参考文献

开题报告中应包括相关参考文献的目录（参考文献的规范见附录3）

4 要求

开题报告应有封面页，总页数应不少于4页。版面格式应符合以下第3部分第2）项“格式”的规定。

5 范例

（参见附录1）

二、论文

1 论文内容

论文的基本内容应包括：1）引论；2）理论概述；3）研究方法；4）个案研究；5）分析讨论；6）结论；

1) 引论

引论可以是开篇的一个独立部分，也可以是论文的第一章，其中应对论文的论题、主旨、理论根据、研究目标、论文纲要等必要内容，做一个清楚明确的说明。

2) 理论概述

这一部分是对论文所依据的理论进行的阐述，可涉及主要理论和相关理论，以及就论文所研究的问题，目前理论研究达到的程度。理论概述可以独立成篇，也可包括在引论部分中，可视情况而定；

3) 研究方法

和理论概述一样，研究方法也可在引论中加以阐述。除说明研究方法之外，还应说明所采用的方法的适用性、必要性和科学性。

4) 个案研究

这一部分应给出研究实例，实例应当是客观的、适用的、按照科学的方法选择的，并对选择的方法加以说明。

5) 分析讨论 分析讨论应当层次清晰，可以针对前述个案，也可在不需要具体实例的情况下，对所提出的问题进行分析讨论。

6) 结论

结论可以是论文的最后一章，应在结论中对分析讨论及其结果作扼要的叙述，说明研究的主要发现、其理论和/或实践意义、研究的局限、对进一步研究的建议等等。

如有必要，以上各项的顺序可调整，也可把某两项合并成一项，但是为清晰起见，章节不应过少。

2 论文形式

1）语言

根据有关规定，英语学院的硕士论文一律用英语写作，但应包含一个与英文提要相对应的中文提要。

2）论文各部分的顺序：

(1) 提要：中英文对应，中文在前，英文在后；提要文尾应列出论文关键词，不少于三个；提要的篇幅不少于一页。

(2) 鸣谢：除向对论文有过具体指导帮助的人员致谢外，还应向论文所使用的各种文献的作者表示感谢。

(3) 目录：目录应详细，可分多级标题；为便于查阅，各级标题都应包括在目录内；目录后还可列有图表清单、缩略语清单等（如果有）。

(4) 正文：包括以上第1部分“论文内容”所述的各项内容。   (5) 注释：可采用尾注，也可采用脚注，二者仅择其一，不必重复。

(6) 参考文献：凡论文中所引用、引述、或以其他方式参考过的文献资料均应列于参考文献，应分别列出英文文献和中文文献，英文文献的排列以作者姓氏首字母为序；中文文献的排列以作者姓氏汉语拼音首字母为序。各条顺序为：姓氏、（英文姓氏后面应以逗号隔开）名字、文献名、（如系杂志，此处为杂志名，并注明第几期）出版地、出版者、出版年代。如系翻译、编辑等非原创著作，需在姓名后加括号注明。（参见附录2）

3) 引文形式

所有引述如果是原话，一律使用引号（引文自身带有引号的，征引时原文引号用单引号），如果不是原话，可不使用引号，但一律在引述末尾加括号注明作者（英文作者只需注明姓氏）、原文发表年代、所在文献页码，以便与论文末尾的“参考文献”互为参照，明确出处。（参见附录3）

4) 字数要求：论文应不少于二万英文词，按本规范要求的字号行距排定后，总篇幅应在六十页左右。

5) 定义：如果使用术语和缩略语较多，并且在论文中使用这些词语的某一规定性意义，可先将这些术语和缩略语定义或释义。

6) 图表：如需使用图示、表格，可插在正文提及该图表的地方。两个图表以上须编号：如表1、表2……；图1、图2……。如图表过大、过多，且仅用作参考，可作为附录集中置于文尾。

3 排版格式

1) 封面

封面上的字一律用黑体中文宋体字书写，从上至下依次是：（1）对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文、（2）论文标题、（3）专业、（4）研究方向、（5）作者、（6）导师、（7）写作时间（指论文写作的起止时间）、（8）对外经济贸易大学英语学院。论文标题视字数多寡选择字号，其余字号应不大于三号字（参见附录4）。紧接封面的一页应为封面的对应英文，在格式上除上述第（2）项以外，其余各项可不必完全对应。

2) 格式

(1) 标题：各级标题一律用黑体字。一级标题居中，二级以下各标题左对齐。

(2) 正文：正文左右两边都对齐。

(3) 页码：页码一律居中。

(4) 字号字体：除封面外，论文应使用英文Times New Roman 11号字体或其他正楷11号字，不可使用花体字；书名、文献名等作品名称应使用斜体字。注解用9号以下字体。 (5) 行距：正文行距1.5倍。

(6) 段落格式：

段落格式可分首行左对齐和首行缩进两种：如果采用首行左对齐格式，各段之间空一行；如果采用首行缩进格式，则各段之间不空行。为节省篇幅，建议论文采用首行缩进格式。

凡本文未包括事项，请参照“MLA格式指南及学术出版准则”第二版（上海外语教育出版社，2001）、“Publication Manual, APA”最新版，以及一般英文论文写作惯例。

附录1- 开题报告范例(仅供参考)

Thesis Proposal

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

By ________________

Date: ________________

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out  and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

0 000   附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”’（张南峰，1990：59-60）

附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

张南峰（译）. 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.

戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001（5）.   附录4- 封面范例(仅供参考)（中文） 对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文

论品牌名称翻译的特殊性

专    业：                 研究方向：                 作    者：                 导    师：                 写作时间：    —

对外经济贸易大学 英语学院

（英文） School of International Studies University of International Business and Economics

Pragmatic Strategies in Advertising: Implicatures

Wang Ying

A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of University of International Business and Economics In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Master of Arts

April 2002   Beijing, China

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms