有关化学需氧量的毕业论文

胡锦涛同志10月15日在代表十六届中央委员会向十七大作报告时，提出了实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求，其中，要"建设生态文明，基本形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式"，被代表们认为有利于着力解决中国发展新阶段面临的一些突出问题。（10月16日新华社） 官方数据显示，2006年中国化学需氧量排放总量居世界第一，远远超过环境容量，全国七大水系监测断面中62％受到污染，流经城市的河段90％受到污染。导致这样严重的结果，是长期以来 ，GDP增长率是评价地方官员政绩的一个不成文标准，导致一些地方为追求一时的经济发展速度，不惜违背经济规律。特别在经济利益面前，一些地方的环保概念常常弱不禁风，甚至不堪一击。于是，导致了这样情形的出现：经济建设取得了"辉煌成果"，生态环境却遭到严重破坏，可持续发展受到损害。 事实证明，单纯的GDP增长指标确有问题，它没有体现经济增长过程中的环境损失和资源消耗成本，片面强调GDP增长会助长盲目消耗资源、破坏环境，造成社会失衡，反过来又使GDP的增长难以为继。所以，以牺牲能源消耗、环境资源为代价，换取某种经济增长，带来的只是一时的经济数字的增高，留下的却是长远的危害和隐患。我们只有把经济发展与环境、资源保护以及人的全面发展结合起来，才能对生产要素产生最科学的集聚效应，并营造出源源不断的发展后劲。 因此，十七大报告提出生态文明的理念，批判反思了人与自然关系中环境污染的代价，强调要建立人与自然的和谐相处关系。要求全党全社会牢固树立"生态文明"的科学发展观，不仅仅是一个指标性的问题，它可以在一定程度上纠正某些区域片面追求经济增长、不利于长远发展的错误执政理念。 据悉。为实现"十一五"环境保护规划目标，国家将实施危险废物处置、城市污水和垃圾处理等九大环境保护重点工程，未来5年全国环保总投入预计将达到1.3万亿元。这样的目标设计，对于降低和杜绝环境污染有着举足轻重的重大意义。当然，环境保护重点工程只是反映"生态文明"的一个方面，而要实现"循环经济形成较大规模，可再生能源比重显著上升。主要污染物排放得到有效控制，生态环境质量明显改善。"不仅需要我们的各级政府和官员形成良好的"环境政绩观"，同时，还必须切实解决环境执法难题，构建起环境监管的长效机制。对于破坏环境的违法项目，都必须依法取缔，因为，我们的大好河山再经不起"先污染，后治理"的折腾了。 今日中国已跨过了人均2010美元这个"经济成长门槛"，正迈向全面建设小康社会的历史发展阶段。在经济有了一定能级和规模后，现代化建设更要突出可持续发展，强调社会公平。特别需要明确一种认识：社会层面的发展，其中包括人民生活质量、公共服务水平、民主法制建设、环境与资源保护等，都应成为对各级政府评价的重要内容。十七大报告提出生态文明的理念，就透射着这样的内涵--不断提高人的生活质量，建立资源节约和环境友好型社会，不断增强可持续发展能力。（

Abstract: total phosphorus in water, nitrogen and COD (chemical oxygen demand) is reflected in the importance of water quality indicators, in general, because of self-purification capacity of water, natural water of nitrogen and phosphorus content and COD value is not high and the trend On the stability. But with the accelerated process of urbanization, urban industrial building high-speed development in recent years, urban sewage and industrial wastewater emissions were rising trend year by year, fertilizer, metallurgy, printing and dyeing, synthetic detergent industries such as wastewater, sewage life Water and water for agricultural use, with a large number of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, the COD value is high. Through various channels such sewage into the water, all kinds of phosphate in water, organic and inorganic nitrogen content of nitrogen compounds will continue to improve, a direct impact on water quality. Material increase in nitrogen and phosphorus in water, algae and micro-organisms will lead to excessive breeding, large consumption of dissolved oxygen in water. When more than the load of water, will result in decreased water transparency, eutrophication, and other adverse effects, so that the water quality deterioration.On the other hand, China's annual COD only in the liquid waste generated in the form of environmental emissions of mercury and silver of sulfuric acid on a few tonnes, the environmental pollution caused by the secondary has been not to be ignored. Determination of potassium dichromate and used water samples COD not only time-consuming energy, water back, reagent consumption also great. It can be said that we have been adopted by the COD of the water quality is not consistent with the way the concept of environmental protection.To sum up, with the water quality of the increasing deterioration of the situation, water quality monitoring in the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus to the improvement of water quality monitoring and protection is of great significance, and improve the existing COD or on the determination of low energy consumption, Reagents used and less time-precise determination of the new, equally positive and important significance.This article from the multi-pronged approach to study high temperature and high pressure digestion, microwave confined digestion, digestion and a series of heated water bath TP digestion of the total nitrogen, as well as the standard return, microwave digestion and a series of COD determination of the digestion. Through the TP TN COD content of the results of different methods of comparison, and various microwave digestion time and return to standard time that the effect of digestion sample comparison of research, improvement of the original determination, or find a new technology Means to achieve rapid and effective sample decomposition, shorten the time for the purpose of digestion, and can greatly reduce the digestion of the samples in the loss and pollution, improve the determination of precision and accuracy, expanding the scope of application methods, while exploring a new approach And the classic method of comparability, and its practical application in the superiority of developed a variety of water suitable for TP TN COD of the rapid digestion of accurate, the new method is simple system, to improve the water and wastewater monitoring Analysis at the same time, to a certain social benefits.Key words: total phosphorus (TP); Total Nitrogen (TN); chemical oxygen demand (COD); microwave digestion; optimum conditions