sdk研究毕业论文

基于WIN CE的ADSL线路参数研究ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version 6.0[2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.FeaturesWindows CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution time.Microsoft has stated that the ‘CE’ is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ‘Consumer Electronics’ or ‘Compact Edition’; users often disparagingly called it “Wince”.[4] Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including “Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Companion, and Efficient.”[5] The first version, known during development under the codename “Pegasus”, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsoft's popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the day.Since then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsoft's AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile 5.0, Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game consoles.A distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary form only.Development toolsVisual StudioLate versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and VB.NET, but not Managed C++.Platform BuilderThis programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named below.Embedded Visual C++ (eVC)The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity setup.Relationship to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhoneOften Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (e.g. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, however.Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective devices.Pocket PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable size.The SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger display.Windows Mobile 5 supports USB 2.0 and new devices running this OS will also conform to the USB Mass Storage Class, meaning the storage on PPC can be accessed from any USB-equipped PC, without requiring any extra software, except requiring a compliant host. In other words, you can use it as a flash drive.Competing productsCompetitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC – the main application of Windows CE – are Java, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and Access.The secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating systems.Being an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from VirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the competition.---------Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi (5.5 km) [William Stallings' book].At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a DSLAM where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL is typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reaches a conventional internet network. In the UK under British Telecom the data network in question is its ATM network which in turn sends it to its IP network IP Colossus.The distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, i.e. it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the higher speed direction for the "download" from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other direction.There are both technical and marketing reasons why ADSL is in many places the most common type offered to home users. On the technical side, there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM end (where the wires from many local loops are close to each other) than at the customer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes technical sense to have the DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate than does the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, the telephone companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSL. On the marketing side, limiting upload speeds limits the attractiveness of this service to business customers, often causing them to purchase higher cost Digital Signal 1 services instead. In this fashion, it segments the digital communications market between business and home usersHow ADSL worksOn the wireCurrently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from 25.875 kHz to 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz – 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller frequency channels of 4.3125 kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies. By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL connection.Vendors may support usage of higher frequencies as a proprietary extension to the standard. However, this requires matching vendor-supplied equipment on both ends of the line, and will likely result in crosstalk issues that affect other lines in the same bundle.There is a direct relationship between the number of channels available and the throughput capacity of the ADSL connection. The exact data capacity per channel depends on the modulation method used.[edit] ModulationADSL initially existed in two flavours (similar to VDSL), namely CAP and DMT. CAP was the de facto standard for ADSL deployments up until 1996, deployed in 90 percent of ADSL installs at the time. However, DMT was chosen for the first ITU-T ADSL standards, G.992.1 and G.992.2 (also called G.dmt and G.lite respectively). Therefore all modern installations of ADSL are based on the DMT modulation scheme.Annexes J and M shift the upstream/downstream frequency split up to 276 kHz (from 138 kHz used in the commonly deployed annex A) in order to boost upstream rates. Additionally, the "all-digital-loop" variants of ADSL2 and ADSL2+ (annexes I and J) support an extra 256 kbit/s of upstream if the bandwidth normally used for POTS voice calls is allocated for ADSL usage.While the ADSL access utilizes the 1.1 MHz band, ADSL2+ utilizes the 2.2 MHz band.The downstream and upstream rates displayed are theoretical maxima. Note also that because Digital subscriber line access multiplexers and ADSL modems may have been implemented based on differing or incomplete standards some manufacturers may advertise different speeds. For example, Ericsson has several devices that support non-standard upstream speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s in ADSL2 and ADSL2+.[edit] Installation issuesDue to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL connection.In the early days of DSL, installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. Instead of separating the DSL signal at the demarcation point, the opposite is done: the DSL signal is "filtered off" at each phone outlet by use of a low pass filter, also known as microfilter. This method does not require any rewiring inside the customer premises.A side effect of the move to the self-install model is that the DSL signal can be degraded, especially if more than 5 voiceband devices are connected to the line. The DSL signal is now present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. A way to circumvent this is to go back to the original model, and install one filter upstream from all telephone jacks in the building, except for the jack to which the DSL modem will be connected. Since this requires wiring changes by the customer and may not work on some household telephone wiring, it is rarely done. It is usually much easier to install filters at each telephone jack that is in use.

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汽车租赁系统((SSH+MYSQL+JSP))

粘的有点乱，凑合看吧。毕业论文（设计）开题报告 论文题目 学生管理系统设计与实现 学生姓名 学 号 专 业 指导教师 职 称 学 历 开题报告文献综述）内容： 一、开发背景 学校学生信息管理是学校教务管理中的一个极为重要的环节，它是整个学校管理的核心和基础。现在我国的大中小学校档案的管理水平还停留在纸介质的基础上，这样的机智已经不能适应时代的发展，因为它浪费了许多人力和物力，在信息时代这种传统的管理方法必然被以计算机为基础的信息管理所取代。信息社会的高科技，商品经济化的高效益，使计算机的应用已普及到经济和社会生活的各个领域。计算机已经成为我们学习和工作的得力助手：今天，计算机的价格已经十分低廉，性能却有了长足的进步。它已经被应用于许多领域，计算机之所以如此流行的原因主要有以下几个方面：首先，计算机可以代替人工进行许多繁杂的劳动；其次，计算机可以节省许多资源；第三，计算机可以大大的提高人们的工作效率；第四，计算机可以使敏感文档更加安全，等等。为了适应现代社会人们高度强烈的时间观念，学籍管理系统软件将会为教学办公室带来极大的方便。随着学校的规模不断扩大，学生数量急剧增加，有关学生的各种信息量也成倍增长。 二、选题的意义 通过学生管理系统，可以做到信息的规范管理，科学统计和快速的查询，从而减少管理方面的工作量。毋庸置疑，切实有效地把计算机管理引入学校教务管理中，对于促进学校管理制度，提高学校教学质量与办学水平有着显著意义。 三.系统研究内容 此学生信息管理系统需要完成的功能主要有: ● 有关学籍信息的输入,包括学生基本信息、所在班级、所学课程和成绩等. ● 学生信息的查询,包括学生基本信息、所在班级、已学课程和成绩等. ● 学生信息的修改. ● 班级管理信息的输入,包括班级设置、年级信息等. ● 班级管理信息的查询. ● 班级管理信息的修改 ● 学校基本课程信息的输入. ● 学校课程信息的修改. ● 学校课程的设置和修改. ● 学生成绩的输入. ● 学生成绩信息的修改 ● 学生信息的查询. ● 学生信息的统计. 四、毕业设计思路框架 （一）设计方法 1.查询相关资料，了解本系统的研究意义。可以上网搜索或者是去图书馆查阅相关资料。 2.通过查询资料了解该系统要如何做，及要做哪些东西。 3.设计出大体上的功能模块，画出模块图。 4.通过进一步的了解，对每个功能模块进行细化，将每一步都想清楚。制定出每一步的做法和注意的地方。 5.对设计好的程序进行调试，通过调试发现存在的问题并解决，从而达到完善系统的目的。 6.最后，整理各阶段的设计记录文档，写成论文稿。 开发工具开发工具开发工具开发工具 选用设计语言 目前的可用的设计技术在设计此类系统上的数据库技术已经非常成熟，可提供的开发工具也很多，例如:Visual C++ ,Visual Basic,PowerBuilder,Dephi, visual foxpro等，它们都是很好的数据库开发工具，都是可视化开发工具，功能强大，开发容易，开发周期短，对于本任务都能够胜任。 Visual Basic是一种可视化的、面对对象和条用事件驱动方式的结构化高级程序设计，可用于开发Windows环境下的种类应用程序。它简单易学、效率高，且功能强大，可以与Windows的专业开发工具SDK相媲美，而且程序开发人员不必具有C/C++编程基础。在Visual Basic环境下，利用事件驱动的编程机制、新颖易用的可视化设计工具，使用Windows内部的应用程序接口(API)函数，以及动态链接库(DLL)、动态数据交换(DDE)、对象的链接与嵌入(OLE)、开放式数据访问(ODBC)等技术，可以高效、快速地开发出Windows环境下功能强大、图形界面丰富的应用软件系统。 总的来说，Visual Basic具有以下特点： 可视化编程： 用传统程序设计语言设计程序时，都是通过编写程序代码来设计用户界面，在设计过程中看不到界面的实际显示效果，必须编译后运行程序才能观察。如果对界面的效果不满意，还要回到程序中修改。有时候，这种编程-编译-修改的操作可能要反复多次，大大影响了软件开发效率。Visual Basic提供了可视化设计工具，把Windows界面设计的复杂性“封装”起来，开发人员不必为界面设计而编写大量程序代码。只需要按设计要求的屏幕布局，用系统提供的工具，在屏幕上画出各种“部件”，即图形对象，并设置这些图形对象的属性。Visual Basic自动产生界面设计代码，程序设计人员只需要编写实现程序功能的那部分代码，从而可以大大提高程序设计的效率。 面向对象的程序设计 4.0版以后的Visual Basic支持面向对象的程序设计，但它与一般的面向对象的程序设计语言(C++)不完全相同。在一般的面向对象程序设计语言中，对象由程序代码和数据组成，是抽象的概念；而Visual Basic则是应用面向对象的程序设计方法(OOP)，把程序和数据封装起来作为一个对象，并为每个对象赋予应有的属性，使对象成为实在的东西。在设计对象时，不必编写建立和描述每个对象的程序代码，而是用工具画在界面上，Visual Basic自动生成对象的程序代码并封装起来。每个对象以图形方式显示在界面上，都是可视的。 结构化程序设计语言 Visual Basic是在BASIC语言的基础上发展起来的，具有高级程序设计语言的语句结构，接近于自然语言和人类的逻辑思维方式。Visual Basic语句简单易懂，其编辑器支持彩色代码，可自动进行语法错误检查，同时具有功能强大且使用灵活的调试器和编译器。 Visual Basic是解释型语言，在输入代码的同时，解释系统将高级语言分解翻译成计算机可以识别的机器指令，并判断每个语句的语法错误。在设计Visual Basic程序的过程中，随时可以运行程序，而在整个程序设计好之后，可以编译生成可执行文件(.EXE)，脱离Visual Basic环境，直接在Windows环境下运行。 5.2选用ACCESS作为后台数据库 ACCESS2000 就是关系数据库管理工具，数据库能汇集各种信息以供查询、存储和检索。ACCESS 的优点在于它能使用数据表示图或自定义窗体收集信息。数据表示图提供了一种类似于 Excel的电子表格，可以使数据库一目了然。另外，ACCESS允许创建自定义报表用于打印或输出数据库中的信息。ACCESS也提供了数据存储库，可以使用桌面数据库文件把数据文件置于网络文件服务器，与其他网络用户共享数据库。ACCESS 是一种关系数据库管理工具，关系数据库是已开发的最通用的数据库之一。如上所述，ACCESS 作为关系数据库开发具备了许多优点，可以在一个数据包中同时拥有桌面数据库的便利和关系数据库的强大功能。 （三）设计要求  数据库相关理论。汽车租赁管理是一个典型的数据库管理信息系统，系统的开发用到许多数据库相关的理论，因此要求作者具有这方面的基础知识，能够正确运用数据库理论进行系统的分析、逻辑设计、实体属性以及ER图等的转换，明白范式的相关内容，从而能够根据系统实际要求，设计出满足要求的合理的数据库。  面向对象理论。当前流行的编程思想是面向对象思想，而且许多工具，如Visual Basic，体现的也正是这种思想。面向对象思想与传统的面向过程编程思想相比，具有明显的优势，而且汽车租赁系统的设计也要求用面向对象编程工具来实现。这就要求作者在进行毕业设计时，应该明白面向对象的思想，并能够运用其思想到实际的工作中。  软件工程思想。大型系统的开发要用到软件工程相关的理论。虽然汽车租赁系统比较小，但是最好也能按照系统设计的生命周期模型来进行。严格按照软件工程思想和管理信息系统的开发步骤，设计并实现一个汽车租赁管理信息系统。以系统开发过程为主线，从需求分析，逻辑设计，总体设计，详细设计以及系统测试、实施各阶段的主要内容和成果，包括系统结构图、业务流程图、数据流程图、E-R模型、数据字典、物理表实现及其关系、功能模块算法流程、界面设计等等。  一定的实际动手能力和实际编程经验。系统最后要落实到windows下的编程，因此要求作者对windows下的数据库编程具有一定的基础，能够较为熟练的进行数据库相关程序的开发。以Microsoft公司的Visual Basic 6.0为开发工具，以ACCESS为后台数据库,对上述逻辑设计的成果进行转换，实现一个完整的可运行的汽车租赁管理系统。 （四）设计环境 硬件环境 随着计算机硬件的高速发展，现在普通的机子已经可以做为一个服务器端使用。 CPU：CⅣ 2.0或更高 硬盘：40G或更多 内存：128M或更高（建议使用256M） 软件环境软件环境软件环境软件环境 操作系统 Windows 2000 Server /Windows XP 网络协议 TCP/IP 数据库 ACCESS 开发语言 VB 其它辅助软件：Microsoft Word等 四、参考文献 [1] 丁宝康：《数据库实用教程》， 清华大学出版社，2004年。 [2] 赛奎春等：《VB数据库开发关键技术与实例应用》，人民邮电出版社，2003年。 [3] 汪诗林等：《数据结构算法与应用》，机械工业出版社，2005年。 [4] 罗征等：《VB 6.0从入门到精通》，电子工业出版社，2004年。 [5] 冯博琴等：《面向对象分析与设计》，机械工业出版社，2003年。 [6] Awad.E.M, Gotterer M.H: Visual Basic 6.0, 1992. [7] Robert.H.Dependahl:《Database Principles and Applications》.Williams Brown,2003. 报告人签名： 年 月 指导教师对开题报告指导教师对开题报告指导教师对开题报告（（（（文献综述文献综述文献综述文献综述））））的评语的评语的评语的评语：：：： 指导教师签名： 年 月

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