wto争端解决机制论文

1、磋商

DSU规定，争议各方首先要通过磋商解决争议。当一成员认为另一成员违反或不符合马拉喀什协议（WTO规则），从而使自己遭受损害时，可要求对方进行磋商，同时应通知DSB和有关理事会或委员会。被要求磋商的成员应在接到磋商请求之日后的10天内作出答复，并应在接到请求之日后不超过30天的时间进行磋商。

2、成立专家小组

专家小组的成立申请在被提出后，最迟应在该申请被首次列入DSB议程后的会议上设立。专家小组提出裁决报告的期限一般是6个月，可以延长但无论如何不能超过9个月。

3、上诉

如果某一当事方向DSB正式通知其将进行上诉，则争端解决进入上诉程序。上诉的范围仅限于专家小组报告所涉及的法律问题及由该专家小组所作的法律解释。上诉机构有60天的时间处理上诉事宜，并通过报告。该期限可以延长但无论如何不得超过90天。上诉机构的报告应在发出后30天内经DSB通过，除非经协商一致不通过。

4、执行

解决争端机构通过专家小组或上诉机构的报告后，当事各方应予执行。在报告通过后30天内，当事方应通知DSB其履行DSB建议或裁决的意愿和改正的具体措施及期限。若不能立即执行，也可以要求在一段"合理期限"内执行。如果DSB及争端各方对合理期限都未能达成协议，则可通过仲裁确定。

合理期限一般为90天，实际操作中最长可给予15个月。如果在合理期限内，被诉方不能改正其违法做法，申诉方应在此合理期限届满前与被诉方开始谈判，以求得双方都能接受的补偿办法。若合理期限到期后20天内，争议各方就补偿问题达不成一致。申诉方可请求DSB授权其对被诉方进行报复或交叉报复。

5、报复

DSU制定了报复和交叉报复的程序。如果被诉方没有在"合理期限内执行裁决，或争端各方没有就补偿问题达成协议，投诉方可向DSB申请批准其对被诉方中止依照所适用协议应承担的减让或其他义务，取消给予MFN待遇，开始实施报复。

DSB应在合理期限届满后30天内，批准授权，除非DSB一致同意拒绝该项请求。若被诉方对申诉方的中止减让水平（报复措施）表示反对，或认为投诉方在要求报复中未遵守有关原则和程序，则可以提请仲裁。仲裁应在合理宽限期结束前60天内完成。仲裁裁决是终局的。

扩展资料

中国加入WTO已经17年，中国企业应进一步熟悉WTO争端的解决机制并熟练掌握WTO争端解决机制规则，为抑制贸易战、打赢贸易战做好准备。具体而言，发生贸易争端时，解决贸易争端、平息贸易摩擦的办法之一就是拿起世界贸易组织争端机制这个武器，争取以磋商方式解决争端。

而大力实施品牌战略，提高企业竞争力，从提高产品档次，形成产品的个性化竞争优势入手，打造产品国际品牌，这是解决贸易摩擦的根本途径。积极实施走出去的战略，不仅可以使东道国对进口的保护措施失去原有的威力，而且还可以打开新的市场，将发生贸易摩擦的风险降至最低。

参考资料来源：百度百科-中美贸易争端

参考资料来源：百度百科-WTO争端解决机制

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To developing countries join the WTO, China's economic development both advantages and disadvantages, but generally speaking, more good than harm. Conducive to further expand exports and attract foreign investment. Join the WTO, China will enjoy the members of most favored nation treatment. This will not only enjoy in other countries and regions the benefits of open markets, so that the major trading countries to phase out discriminatory practices, and make our products more favorable competitive conditions, which can promote China's export trade, especially China comparative advantage industries export development. Join the WTO, China must fulfill WTO obligations and gradually opening up the domestic market, which will further improve the foreign investment environment, strengthen our market attractive to overseas investors, is conducive to more foreign capital, technology and management experience. Help to speed up industrial restructuring and optimization. Industrial structure adjustment and optimization of the economic development of China is an important and urgent task. Join the WTO, the implementation of this strategic task will create a favorable international environment. By other WTO members to open markets in China, we can move out of some excessive supply and the industrial shift; by opening up our markets to other members, can use foreign funds, technological transformation of our traditional industries, accelerate the development of high-tech industries and services to improve the overall standard of our industry. Beneficial to continue to deepen economic reform in China. WTO rules is essentially a market economy in the use and development worldwide. China's economic reform objective is to establish a socialist market economic system, its basic requirement is to fully exploit the market competition mechanism. WTO accession will promote China's reform process. At the same time, will promote the reform of state-owned enterprises, establishing a modern enterprise system; will also promote foreign trade, banking, insurance, securities, commerce and so deepen the structural reform, in order to meet the needs of gradually opening up these areas. Conducive to China's participation in the formulation of new rules of international trade, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of our country, and enhancing our international status. China, as permanent members of the United Nations, the World Bank and IMF, to join WTO, the multilateral trade rules, can fully express and reflect the views of China and the developing countries and demands further play our part in international economic affairs role, and enhance China's international status. Meanwhile, China can also use the multilateral dispute settlement mechanism to reduce friction with other countries facing conflict and to uphold China's legitimate interests. Benefit China in the world economy globalization. Economic globalization is an inevitable historical trend, and economic globalization on developing countries, both opportunities and challenges. In order to adapt to the new situation of economic globalization, we need to seek stable, transparent and predictable multilateral trading system of protection, participation in the process of economic globalization while avoiding disadvantages to better protect and strengthen ourselves. Join the WTO, China and the other members shall be in strict accordance with international rules and open their markets. This will help China to participate fully in international competition and international cooperation, give full play to our comparative advantages. Meanwhile, China's accession to WTO will also help carry out extensive cooperation with multinational companies, introducing multinational capital, technology and management experience, using their sales channels and networks to expand exports. WTO accession is also conducive to the establishment of our own multinational companies go abroad to set up factories in other countries to do business, and enhance China's international competitiveness. Of course, join WTO, we will both enjoy their rights, but also undertake corresponding obligations, which will inevitably bring some pressure and challenges. First, further opening up markets will cause a number of products, businesses and industries to face competition. Past market openness, China's under the requirements of economic development and economic reform processes to independently determine market access, tariff reduction and removal of non tariff measures. Join the WTO, China must comply with WTO provisions on market opening, which is the speed of opening up our market and will put some pressure on. With the expansion of market access, tariff reduction and non-tariff measures, foreign products, services and investment are likely to enter the Chinese market, domestic enterprises will face more intense competition, especially those high costs, technical level low and backward management, will face more severe challenges. Second, China's foreign trade management will be to some extent by the WTO rules. China's existing foreign-related economic laws, regulations and policies do not fully comply with WTO rules, provisions although this is also our country deepen foreign economic management reform, an important task, but we change the concept and Tizhi always existed Xuduo not adapt to the Di Fang, Zheng Fu authorities and business management staff also means there is a big gap. Third, the multilateral dispute settlement ruling may also have unfavorable results. WTO's multilateral dispute settlement mechanism is a double-edged sword, used properly, parties benefit; used properly, will suffer losses. Since China's market economy is imperfect, there are policies and regulations and corporate behavior is inconsistent with WTO rules, coupled with inadequate understanding of the WTO rules, inexperienced, even if we put a lot of manpower and material resources, we may be in the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism "come off worst." How to Understand the advantages and disadvantages Dialectical China's accession to WTO, the advantages and disadvantages? We use comprehensive development and dialectical perspective on the issue of reform and opening to standing, economic development and modernization of overall and strategic perspective to analyze China's accession to WTO, the advantages and disadvantages. We must look at individual industries and the entire industry; we must look at present and also at long-term. Analysis of pros and cons of China's accession to WTO, not only at one or a few industries, but should focus on the economic development. From single industries, WTO accession will have a comparative advantage in the industry, some of bringing development opportunities, such as agriculture, fruit, meat and vegetables, machinery and electronic products industry in general and light industry products and textiles, consumer electronics, services in the construction and tourism, will gain more international market share. However, accession to WTO will also have some impact on some domestic industries and pressure, such as agriculture, food, automotive industry, services in the banking, insurance, etc., will face competition from developed countries. Whole industries, to join WTO to the opportunities our industry is greater than the impact of the majority of our industry will be more opportunities for development. Join the WTO, not only on the recent positive economic growth, but also far-reaching long-term economic development. In the short term, WTO accession can expand our comparative advantage of textiles, mechanical and electrical products production and export, you can attract more foreign capital, especially transnational corporations, which are conducive to economic growth and expansion of employment; joined the WTO although some of the time being will not comparative advantage to competitive pressure on certain industries, and even caused some impact, but if we respond properly, these industries are in competition and development. In the long run, to join WTO on China's economic reform, adjusting the industrial structure, enhancing international competitiveness and raise its international standing would have a positive impact. We have a dialectical view of advantages and disadvantages of accession to WTO

WTO争端解决机制，是一种贸易争端解决机制，也是WTO不可缺少的一部分，是多边贸易机制的支柱，在经济全球化发展中颇具特色。 它具有统一性、效率性和强制性的特点。它具有自己的原则、机构和解决程序。程序：磋商、专家组、上诉、执行、报复。执行：解决争端机构通过专家小组或上诉机构的报告后，当事各方应予执行。在报告通过后30天内，当事方应通知DSB其履行DSB建议或裁决的意愿和改正的具体措施及期限。若不能立即执行，也可以要求在一段"合理期限"内执行。如果DSB及争端各方对合理期限都未能达成协议，则可通过仲裁确定。合理期限一般为90天，实际操作中最长可给予15个月。如果在合理期限内，被诉方不能改正其违法做法，申诉方应在此合理期限届满前与被诉方开始谈判，以求得双方都能接受的补偿办法。若合理期限到期后20天内，争议各方就补偿问题达不成一致。申诉方可请求DSB授权其对被诉方进行报复或交叉报复。温馨提示：以上内容仅供参考。应答时间：2021-02-02，最新业务变化请以平安银行官网公布为准。 [平安银行我知道]想要知道更多？快来看“平安银行我知道”吧~

世界贸易组织解决争端的机制:世界贸易组织是一个法人组织，它以法人地位对所有缔约国实行严格的法律约束，这种约束是通过两个机制来实现的：一是较为完整的适用于所有协议的争端解决机制；二是定期审议成员国贸易政策，以便对成员国的贸易体制和政策进行多边监督。争端解决机制的运行如下。①协商。出现争端时，双方须协商解决问题；30天内须进行协商，过时以后，任何一方可直接要求成立专家组；经60天协商仍无结果，可以要求成立专家组。②调解。在争端调解的任何阶段，任何一方可以要求总干事出面调解。③成立专家组。专家组由政府或非政府的熟知法律、贸易、总协定事务的人员组成。专家组有严格的时限工作程序。专家组报告在散发后60天内通过，除非另有一致意见或上诉。④上诉程序。新设立上诉机构由7人组成，任期4年，成员不附属任何政府。由权威的法律、贸易、总协定事务人士担任。上诉案审理一般不超过60天。上诉机构可维持、修正、撤销专家组的法律裁决和结论。上诉机构的报告在散发后30天内，通过当事方必须无条件接受。⑤仲裁。当事双方可以协议，将争端提交仲裁，仲裁结果为最终裁决，须通报理事会。⑥监督裁决的执行。争端从成立专家组到理事会通过专家组报告须在9个月内完成，遇有上诉，在12个月内完成。理事会严格监督裁决的执行情况。⑦补偿与中止减让义务。遇有不执行裁决时，可对等中止减让义务。⑧未违法之申诉。专家组可以就不违反总协定，但造成他方利益损害之申诉做出裁决。申诉方对未违法之申诉，须负举证责任，证明利益受损，但另一方无义务撤销未违法之措施。⑨对发展中国家的规定。如遇有发展中国家为当事方时，给予特别照顾，总干事对最不发达国家为当事方时，予以调解，提供援助。设立争端解决机构，履行世界贸易组织总理事会和各委员会关于争端解决的义务。设交叉中止义务机制。若发现不执行裁决，则有关当事方可要求中止减让其他义务。