外国对中国文化研究的论文怎么写

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很... 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君... 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，...

不同的文化传统，使得人们价值观念，行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在着相当的文化差异。下文是我为大家整理的关于中西方文化差异论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!

中西方文化差异对日常交际的影响

【摘要】文化是一种社会现象，同时又是一种历史现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。中西方文化存在许多差异：整体性和个体性的差异;价值观与道德标准的差异;社会礼仪的差异;社会习俗的差异等。本文分析了文化差异对日常交际的影响。了解这些差异有助于更好地实现跨文化交际，避免出现文化休克。

【关键词】中西方文化;差异;交际;教学

1中西方文化的差异

不同的文化传统，使中西方在思维方式，价值观念，行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在着相当的文化差异。在中国封建社会历史的过程中，儒家思想一直占据着根深蒂固的统治地位，对中国社会产生了极其深刻而久远的影响。中国人向来以自我贬仰的思想作为处世经典，接人待物，举止言谈以谦虚为荣，以虚心为本，反对过分地显露自己表现自我。因此，中国文化体现出群体性的文化特征，这种群体性的文化特征是不允许把个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上的。

西方国家价值观的形成至少可以追溯到文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴的指导思想是人文主义，宣扬个人主义至上，竭力发展自己表现自我。生活中人们崇拜的是“强者”“英雄”。有本事，有才能的强者得到重用，缺乏自信的弱者只能落伍或被无情地淘汰。因此，西方文化体现出个体文化特征，这种个体性文化特征崇尚个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上。

文化的不同带来价值观念的不同。如old一词，中国人历来就有“尊老敬老”的传统。“老”在中文里表达尊敬的概念，如老祖宗，老爷爷，老先生,老张，老王等等。中国人往往以年龄大为荣。和别人谈话时，年龄越大，资格越老，也就越会得到别人的尊敬。“姜还是老的辣”。在我们看来，长者不仅是智慧的化身，也是威望的象征。然而，西方国家极少有人愿意倚老卖老而自称”old”。在他们看来，“old”是“不中用”的代名词，是和“不合潮流”“老而无用”的含义连在一起的。英美人不喜欢别人说自己老，更不会倚老卖老。在西方文化中，他们把年龄作为个人极为重要的隐私看待。尤其是女士，更忌讳别人问自己的年龄。即使愿意谈论自己的年龄，也要别人猜测其年龄，而此时，他们的真正目的是期望别人恭维他们看上去比实际年龄小，是多么年轻。又如，中西方两种文化在某些单词所带有褒贬色彩上有差异。如：ambition一词，本身具有褒贬两种含义。中国人用其贬义，表示“野心勃勃”，而英美人则取其褒义，表示“雄心壮志”。Aggressive一词，中国人常用来形容某人“挑衅”“好斗”，而美国人则用来形容某人“进取上进，有开拓精神”。

2跨文化交际的重要性

由于各种各样的原因，导致了中西方有如此多的文化差异，而文化差异又是跨文化交际的障碍。社会的发展将各个不同的国家纳入到一个共同的“地球村”中，跨文化交际成为每个民族生活中不可缺少的部分。例如，一个企业如果想让自己的产品畅销国际市场，不仅需要优质的产品质量，而且需要深入了解不同国家的文化，使该产品在包装设计和实用性方面符合对象国民众的心理需求。如，在中国，“龙(dragon)”是我们的精神图腾，是吉祥和权力的象征，中国人也以作为龙的传人而倍感自豪，然而在西方人眼中，对“龙”就没有这份特殊的情感，甚至将“龙”理解为一种张牙舞爪的可怕怪物。如果某一企业家对此不甚了解，将印有“龙”图案的产品推向国际市场，试想这种产品能否刺激西方人的购买欲?能否给企业创造高效益。所以，克服文化差异造成的交际障碍已经成为面临的问题。在英语教学中在重视语言能力的教学的同时，特别要注意在日常教学中发展学生的交际能力，将语言的文化差异在英语教学中作为一个重要问题对待。

3日常交际中应注意的问题

中西方的文化差异在日常交际中体现在很多方面，在英语学习中应充分地了解这些差异。

3.1日常问候

中国人日常打招呼习惯于问：“你吃饭了吗?”，如果你跟英语国家的人这样说，他们会产生误解，认为你是想请他们吃。，英语国家人打招呼通常以天气，健康状况，交通，体育以及兴趣爱好为话题。又如，中国人见到熟人习惯问：“去哪里?”，如果对西方人也这样问候，他们可能会很不高兴地回答：“不关你的事。”西方人问候时常说:”Goodmorning/afternoon/evening”,”How are you doing?”，熟人间也可以说：“Hello”或“Hi”.

3.2日常称呼

汉语中的亲属称谓有泛化使用的倾向，常用于非亲属之间：年轻人对长辈称“叔叔”“阿姨”;对平辈称“大哥”“大姐”。但在英语中，亲属称谓不广泛地用于社交。如果我们对母语是英语的长辈称“UncleTom”，对方听了会觉得非常奇怪。英语文化中只有关系十分密切的情况下才使用此类亲属称谓。又如中国学生经常把“王老师”称为“Teacher Wang”。其实，英语中teacher只是一种职业;而中国人有尊师的传统，“教师”已不仅仅是一种职业，而成为一种对人的尊重，西方人听起来却感觉不可思议。英语中称呼人一般用Mr.,Miss,Mrs.Ms等。

3.3感谢

一般来说，我们中国人在家族成员之间很少用“谢谢”。如果用了，听起来会很怪，或相互关系上有了距离。而在英语国家“Thank you.”几乎用于一切场合，所有人之间，即使父母与子女，兄弟姐妹之间也不例外。送上一瓶饮料，准备一桌美餐，对方都会说一声“Thank you.”公共场合，不管别人帮你什么忙，你都要道一声“Thank you..”这是最起码的礼节。

3.4请客

在请客吃饭时，主人会问是否要再吃点或喝点什么时，我们通常习惯于先客气一番，回答：“不用了”“别麻烦了”等。如果与西方人交往时也这样说，对方就不会坚持再劝你，很可能你都吃不饱。按照英语国家的习惯，你若想要，就不必推辞，说声“Yes,please.”若不想要，只要说“No,thanks.”就行了。这也充分体现了中国人交往中的含蓄和西方人直率的不同。

3.5隐私

中国人初次见面经常问及年龄，婚姻，收入，表示关心，而英语国家却对此比较反感，认为这些都涉及个人隐私，因为英语国家人都希望自己在对方眼中显得年轻，对自己实际年龄秘而不宣，妇女更是如此。再如中国人表示关心时，经常问“你在干什么?”，在英语中就成为刺探别人隐私的审问，监视别人的话语而使人很不高兴。

3.6节日及接受礼物

中国和英语国家的文化差异还显著地表现在节日方面。除中国和英语国家共同的节日外，双方还各有自己独特的节日。中国有春节﹑元宵节和端午节等，英语国家有情人节﹑复活节﹑愚人节﹑感恩节﹑圣诞节等。中西方节日的风俗习惯也很不

相同。在节日里，对于别人送来的礼物，中国人往往要推辞一番，表现得无可奈何地接受，接受后一般也不当面打开。如果当面打开并喜形于色，可能招致“贪财”的嫌疑。而在英语文化中，人们对别人送的礼品，一般都要当面打开称赞一番，并且欣然道谢。

4结语

在英语教学中，文化知识的教学方法是多种多样的，教师应该采用不同的方法提高学生对文化的敏感性，培养文化意识，例如：加强中西方文化差异的比较，将中西文化在称呼，招呼语等等谈话题材和价值观念等方面的差异渗透到教学中。总之，中西方的文化存在着很多差异，在英语教学中不能只单纯注意语言教学，而必须加强语言的文化导入，重视语言文化差异对语言的影响。只有这样，才能在日常生活中不仅能说出正确的英语句子，而且知道面对西方人的时候应该说什么，避免出现交际中的尴尬。

【参考文献】

[1]李常磊.英美文化博览.世界图书出版公司，2002年5月.

[2]Paul Norbury,culture smart!Britain.外语教育与研究出版社，2009年3月.

[3]叶朗，朱良志.中国文化读本.外语教育与研究出版社，2008年4月.

[4]段连城.美国人与中国人———中美文化的融合与撞击.河北师范大学学报,2001年.

[5]邓炎昌，刘润清.语言文化即英汉语言文化对比.外语教育与研究出版社，1994年.

[6]方文惠.英汉对比语言学.福建人民出版社，1990年.

论从餐桌礼仪看中西文化差异

[论文摘要]从比较中西餐桌礼仪的餐具使用差异、座次安排差异、就餐氛围差异、及餐桌话语差异四个方面来看跨文化交际中的文化差异，旨在说明坚持自己的优秀文化传统的同时，要采用一个客观、宽容、尊重的心态对待异国文化以便能在跨文化交际中能恰当地、得体地进行交际。

[论文关键词]餐桌礼仪

易中天先生曾经在《餐桌上的文化》里对中西文化进行了精妙阐释中国文化的思想内核是“群体意识”，的思想内核则是“个体意识”。所以西方人即使请客吃饭，也是各点各的菜、各喝各的酒，以免把自己的意志强加于人。中国文化则认为个人的意志，必须服从群体的共同意志。其目的既然意在人情，意在血缘，则其方式礼仪，自然也就以和为贵了，因此中国人爱聚餐、喜共食、讲和合。笔者认为在跨文化交际中，面对陌生文化，因思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式不同，交往过程中难免发生文化冲突。笔者从如下四个方面对中西餐桌礼仪进行简单的比较，以便在跨文化交际中能恰当地、得体地进行交际。

一、从餐具使用上看中西文化差异

筷子刀叉是中西餐桌礼仪最基本差异。浙江大学游修龄教授认为：东西方出现进食工具筷子和刀叉的不同，和有关系。筷子要发源于有竹子的地方。我国北方多木，南方多竹，祖先就地取材，竹木均成为我国最原始的筷箸原料。刀叉的出现比筷子要晚很多。据游修龄教授的研究，刀叉的最初起源和欧洲古代游牧的生活习惯有关，他们马上生活随身带刀，往往将肉烧熟，割下来就吃。大约15世纪前后，为了改进进餐的姿势，欧洲人才使用了双尖的叉。到18世纪才有了四个叉尖的叉子。刀叉和筷子，不仅带来了进食习惯的差异，还影响了东西方人生活观念。游修龄教授认为，刀叉必然带来分食制，而筷子肯定与家庭成员围坐桌边共同进餐相配。西方一开始就分吃，由此衍生出西方人讲究独立，子女长大后就独立闯世界的想法和习惯。而筷子带来的合餐制，突出了老老少少坐一起的家庭单元，从而让东方人拥有了比较牢固的家庭观念。笔者提醒在使用餐具时中西均有不同的规范。如中餐进餐时不可玩弄筷子(把它们当鼓槌是非常失礼的做法)，更不可以用筷子向人指指点点或打手势示意。当然，绝对不可吸吮筷子或把筷子插在米饭中，这是大忌(这好像葬礼上的香烛，被认为是不吉利的)。在使用刀叉时也有一些禁忌。如 手里拿着刀叉时切勿指手画脚。发言或交谈时，应将刀叉放在盘上才合乎礼仪。忌用自己的餐具为别人夹菜。餐具掉落不要弯腰拾捡。餐品不要一次性切好，尤其带汤汁的餐品，要一小块的逐一切食等等。

二、从座次安排上看中西文化差异

中西都讲究正式的宴请活动的座次安排。中国人请客传统上用八仙桌。对门为上，两边为偏座。请客时，年长者、主宾或地位高的人坐上座，男女主人或陪客者坐下座，其余客人按顺序坐偏座。西方人请客用长桌，男女主人分坐两端，然后按男女主宾和一般客人的次序安排座位，即男女穿插安排，以女主人的座位为准，主宾坐在女主人的右上方，主宾夫人坐在男主人的右上方，讲究“女士优先”的西方绅士，都会表现出对女士的殷勤。在中国，左为尊，右为次;上为尊，下为次;中为尊，偏为次。而在西方，右为尊，左为次。

笔者特别提示西餐入座礼仪：最得体的入座方式是从左侧入座。手肘不要放在桌面上，不可跷足。不可在进餐时中途退席(如有事确需离开应向左右的客人小声打招呼)。用餐时，坐姿端正，背挺直，脖子伸长。上臂和背部要靠到椅背,腹部和桌子保持约一个拳头的距离。记得要抬头挺胸着吃，在把面前的食物送进口中时，要以食物就口，而非弯下腰以口去就食物。

三、从就餐氛围上看中西文化差异

中国人餐桌上的闹与西方餐桌上的静是中西餐桌礼仪最根本差异。餐桌气氛上的差异，中国餐桌上动，西方餐桌上静。中国人以食为人生之至乐，排场之大，气氛之热闹常常令人叹为观止。中国人一坐上餐桌，便滔滔不绝，相互让菜，劝酒，尽情的享受山珍海味，美味佳肴。这样的宴客方式才能体现主人的热情和诚恳，餐桌上的热闹反映了食客发自内心的欢快。这种“闹”能从某种程度上折射中国人家庭温馨、邻里和睦、国人团结的“一团和气”。西方人一坐到餐桌上便专心致志的去静静的切割自家的盘中餐。喝汤时不能发出响声，如汤菜过热，可待稍凉后再吃，不要用嘴吹。吃东西时要闭嘴咀嚼。不要舔嘴唇或咂嘴发出声音。进餐时可以与左右客人交谈，但不要只同几个熟人交谈。左右客人如不认识，可先自我介绍。别人讲话不可搭嘴插话。音量保持对方能听见的程度。咀嚼食物不要说话，即使有人同你讲话，也要等咽下食物后再回答。

四、从餐桌话语上看中西文化差异

中国人请客吃饭时，摆在桌上的菜花样繁多，至少有七、八道菜，如果是盛宴，主菜会更多，越名贵、越奇特的菜会越显示主任的殷勤和客人的身份。而主人却往往要说“今天没有什么好菜招待大家”、“菜做得不好，多吃一点” “多多包涵”、 “怠慢了您”之类的话。而西方盛宴一般四至五道菜，份量以吃完或稍有剩余为最佳。如果在家里，最好是吃完所有的菜，这样女主人会很高兴，认为大家喜欢她做的菜。面对丰盛的宴席，主人会说“已经倾其所有来招待大家” 的话。对中西主人的餐桌话语进行推理，很容易得出：中国人遵循了“贬己尊人”的原则。而西方人强调效率和实用主义价值观，在交际中十分注重自身面子的需要。如在宴席上西方人不议论令人作呕之事，会千方百计采用含蓄文雅的词来替代toilet，如：“Where can I wash my hand?”、“I wonder if I could go somewhere.”、“ Can I add some powder?”等。另外，在西方国家不要问“吃饭了吗?”等我国习惯的问候语。“您吃饭了吗?”容易使人莫名其妙，甚至会出现误会。如在英国，你若问人吃饭没有，其含义是你有意请对方吃饭;这对于未婚男女，则表明你有意约会对方。

五、结语

世界上各种文化都是平等的。文化无优劣之分。应该避免用自己的文化、、价值观作为标准去衡量、评判而应采用一种客观的、宽容的态度对待异国文化;同时，又要避免盲目的追随、模仿异国文化，而应坚持自己的优秀文化传统。

参考文献：

[1]易中天，《餐桌上的文化》，《文汇报.笔会》.

[2]林大津，《跨文化交际研究》，福建人民出版社，1996.10：92-127.

[3]李天民，《现代国际礼仪知识》，世界知识出版社出版，2003.12：109.

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。