有关多媒体英语教学的论文文献

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多媒体辅助教学在英语课堂教学中的合理应用 摘 要 在英语课堂教学中，多媒体辅助教学已被广泛使用。如何在英语课堂教学中合理使用好多媒体辅助教学，是值得注意的问题。 关键词 多媒体辅助教学 英语课堂教学 合理应用 问题 随着信息技术的发展，在英语课堂教学中，多媒体辅助教学已被广泛使用，这无疑给英语课堂教学改革注入了新鲜的血液。运用多媒体技术对文本、声音、图像、动画等综合处理能力及其强大交互式特点，编制计算机辅助教学课件，将抽象的、枯燥的学习内容转变成形象的、有趣的、可视的、可听的动感内容，能创造一个图文并茂、有声有色生动逼真的教学情境，激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的学习积极性。笔者在多年的教学中体会到，在英语课堂教学中合理地使用好多媒体辅助教学应注意以下4个方面的问题： 一、注意课件风格和教师教学风格的一致性 多媒体辅助教学的关键在于课件。离开课件，再好的硬件设施也只能成为摆设。因而课件必须充分展现教师的教学风格。在教学过程中，教师往往形成了自身固有的、为学生所适应的教学风格。所以在设计课件脚本的过程中，教师应亲自创作，自然地把自身的风格融入到课件中，既体现自己的教育思想，又让学生易于接受。教师不要因为使用多媒体了，把本来简明的，非要搞得花里胡哨、“枝叶”繁杂。这样只能使学生满头雾水，不知所措，也就背离了多媒体辅助教学的“辅助”的本意，更弱化了教师在课堂教学中的主导作用。 二、避免把英语课变成多媒体课件展示课 合理运用多媒体辅助教学能给英语课堂教学在效率上带来“几何级”的飞跃，这已被无数的实践所证明。但是，刻意地追求现代化，过多地使用多媒体，英语课就成了多媒体展示课，教师就成了“放映员”，就会带来过犹不及的后果。 1、在多媒体辅助教学的过程中，教师仍应发挥其主导作用。多媒体辅助教学虽有不少的优点，但在英语课堂上，教师所具有的很多作用是计算机的功能所不可取代的。人与人之间的自然语言是最有亲和力、最灵活的语言，师生之间课堂上互动性的交流应该是最有效的教和学的途径。英语课堂上师生的口头交流，是培养听说能力的好方式，它是计算机所不可替代的。英语是一门实践性很强的语言学科，必须通过师生之间、学生与学生之间大量的用英语进行的交流，才能培养学生英语交际能力。计算机多媒体仅仅是辅助教师教学的工具中的一种，尽管是最先进的现代化教学工具，也只能起到为教学服务的作用，它不可能完全替代教师在课堂上的教学活动。也就是说，我们可以没有计算机多媒体，但不能没有教师，媒体总是处在被支配的地位，它是教师教学活动的辅助设施，而不能反客为主；我们是为了教学而使用它，而不是为了使用它而教学，是否使用计算机多媒体，应取决于英语课堂教学的需要。在教学中，教师应使学生明确听或看的目的，使他们有心理准备，调节他们的注意力，并注意及时反馈矫正，以便恰到好处地发挥教师自身的主导作用和多媒体的辅助作用。 2、注意计算机多媒体运用的频度。有些教师为了体现教学手段的现代化，在一堂课中尽可能多地使用计算机多媒体，甚至误认为，多媒体用得越多，学生参与率就越高，所教授的语言材料越易于让学生掌握，效率就越高。事实上，学生在这样的课堂上的无意注意过多，教学信息在传递过程中的干扰过大，学生对语言素材的获取量相当有限，导致学生在有限的课堂上缺少语言训练的时机，即使有所训练，也很不足。我们应充分利用无意注意的规律与积极因素，由引起学生无意注意到维持他们的有意注意，进而转化为从事学习和创造活动所必需的“有意注意”。所以，在“引入”或“呈现”这两个环节上我们可以多用些，在其它环节上少用一些。但是不论是在哪个环节使用多媒体，教师都应有一个目标，那就是我们之所以要使用多媒体，是为了挖掘教材中的情景语言点，是为了“活化教材”，创造真实的情境，使学生在用英语思考，用英语表达的“海洋”中学会“游泳”。 三、注重各种媒体的综合应用 在英语课堂教学中，计算机多媒体辅助教学手段所起的作用是许多传统的教学媒体不可替代的。但这并不等于说，计算机多媒体可替代其它一切教学媒体。只有综合使用，才能取长补短，发挥最大的教学效益。 1、避免只注重多媒体而忽视常规教学媒体和手段。一些教师在初尝使用计算机多媒体辅助教学的甜头后，便唯其命而是从，丧失了自己多年来形成的鲜明的教学风格，却不知计算机多媒体固然有其它媒体所无法比拟的优越性，但其它媒体和教学手段的许多特色功能是它无法取代的。教师不应一味赶潮流，而应根据教学需要选择合适的媒体和手段，合理使用多媒体与常规媒体和手段，发挥其各自的长处。根据学生实际和教学实际，合理地选用媒体形式是我们不变的原则。 2、避免把投影屏幕当成黑板。在英语课堂上，教师应随时根据教学进度的需要创设情景，引导学生进行操练，从而达到运用英语进行交际的目的。而且，优秀的板书不仅精练，教师还可以根据学生提出的疑问随时调整、修改板书内容。如果用投影屏幕完全替代黑板，就会影响学生视觉感知的一贯性，使学生对教材的重点、难点的把握受到影响；而且因为屏幕上的内容一屏一屏稍纵即逝，也会影响学生记课堂笔记。所以完全用屏幕代替黑板，就会影响计算机多媒体在帮助我们解决教学疑难问题方面优势的发挥。 四、注重“以人为本”，发挥学生的主体性 “以人为本”的理念在教育界越来越深入人心。在教育过程中，以学生为中心，充分发挥学生的主体性已成为广大教师所热衷的教学方法。 我们在制作课件时，应充分体现学生的主动性和创造性。教学过程是一种提出问题和解决问题的持续不断的活动。我们应多为学生创造思考的空间。这就要求教师在使用多媒体辅助教学系统时，要善于通过多媒体教学系统引导学生思考、讨论、回答问题，而不是限制学生的思维，被动地跟着老师走。 总之，在教学过程中，教师要发挥主导作用，根据不同的教学目的，教学内容，合理应用多媒体辅助教学，努力优化教学过程，寻找多媒体技术与英语教学的最佳结合点，这样可以有效地提高课堂教学效率，最终实现学生的全面发展。 参考文献 1.汤岳.多媒体技术.北京：电子工业出版社，2004 2.俞真.运用多媒体对大学英语教学模式改革初探.外语与外语教学,

is media that utilizes a combination of different content forms. The term can be used as a noun (a medium with multiple content forms) or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which only utilize traditional forms of printed or hand-produced text and still graphics. In general, multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia (as an adjective) also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is similar to traditional mixed media in fine art, but with a broader scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for interactive multimedia. Hypermedia can be considered one particular multimedia may be broadly divided into linear and non-linear categories. Linear active content progresses without any navigation control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation. Non-linear content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in self-paced computer based training. Non-linear content is also known as hypermedia presentations can be live or recorded. A recorded presentation may allow interactivity via a navigation system. A live multimedia presentation may allow interactivity via interaction with the presenter or presentations may be viewed in person on stage, projected, transmitted, or played locally with a media player. A broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Broadcasts and recordings can be either analog or digital electronic media technology. Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or streamed. Streaming multimedia may be live or games and simulations may be used in a physical environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online network, or locally with an offline computer, game system, or various formats of technological or digital multimedia may be intended to enhance the users experience, for example to make it easier and faster to convey information. Or in entertainment or art, to transcend everyday levels of interactivity are made possible by combining multiple forms of media content. Online multimedia is increasingly becoming object-oriented and data-driven, enabling applications with collaborative end-user innovation and personalization on multiple forms of content over time. Examples of these range from multiple forms of content on web sites like photo galleries with both images (pictures) and title (text) user-updated, to simulations whose co-efficients, events, illustrations, animations or videos are modifiable, allowing the multimedia "experience" to be altered without reprogramming. In addition to seeing and hearing, Haptic technology enables virtual objects to be felt. Emerging technology involving illusions of taste and smell may also enhance the multimedia of the termIn 1965 the term Multi-media was used to describe the Exploding Plastic Inevitable, a performance that combined live rock music, cinema, experimental lighting and performance the intervening forty years the word has taken on different meanings. In the late 1970s the term was used to describe presentations consisting of multi-projector slide shows timed to an audio track. In the 1990s it took on its current meaning. In common usage the term multimedia refers to an electronically delivered combination of media including video, still images, audio, text in such a way that can be accessed interactively.[1] Much of the content on the web today falls within this definition as understood by computers which were marketed in the 1990s were called "multimedia" computers because they incorporated a CD-ROM drive, which allowed for the delivery of several hundred megabytes of video, picture, and audio usage and contextSince media is the plural of medium, the term "multimedia" is a pleonasm if "multi" is used to describe multiple occurrences of only one form of media such as a collection of audio CDs. This is why it's important that the word "multimedia" is used exclusively to describe multiple forms of term "multimedia" is also ambiguous. Static content (such as a paper book) may be considered multimedia if it contains both pictures and text or may be considered interactive if the user interacts by turning pages at will. Books may also be considered non-linear if the pages are accessed non-sequentially. The term "video", if not used exclusively to describe motion photography, is ambiguous in multimedia terminology. Video is often used to describe the file format, delivery format, or presentation format instead of "footage" which is used to distinguish motion photography from "animation", motion illustrations. Multiple forms of information content are often not considered multimedia if they don't contain modern forms of presentation such as audio or video. Likewise, single forms of information content with single methods of information processing (. non-interactive audio) are often called multimedia, perhaps to distinguish static media from active finds its application in various areas including, but not limited to, advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, scientific research and spatial temporal applications. Several examples are as follows:Creative industriesCreative industries use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, to commercial art, to journalism, to media and software services provided for any of the industries listed below. An individual multimedia designer may cover the spectrum throughout their career. Request for their skills range from technical, to analytical, to of the electronic old and new media utilized by commercial artists is multimedia. Exciting presentations are used to grab and keep attention in advertising. Industrial, business to business, and interoffice communications are often developed by creative services firms for advanced multimedia presentations beyond simple slide shows to sell ideas or liven-up training. Commercial multimedia developers may be hired to design for governmental services and nonprofit services applications as well. Entertainment and fine artsIn addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop special effects in movies and animations. Multimedia games are a popular pastime and are software programs available either as CD-ROMs or online. Some video games also use multimedia features. Multimedia applications that allow users to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients of information are called Interactive Multimedia. In the Arts there are multimedia artists, whose minds are able to blend techniques using different media that in some way incorporates interaction with the viewer. One of the most relevant could be Peter Greenaway who is melding Cinema with Opera and all sorts of digital media. Another approach entails the creation of multimedia that can be displayed in a traditional fine arts arena, such as an art gallery. Although multimedia display material may be volatile, the survivability of the content is as strong as any traditional media. Digital recording material may be just as durable and infinitely reproducible with perfect copies every Education, multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs. A CBT lets the user go through a series of presentations, text about a particular topic, and associated illustrations in various information formats. Edutainment is an informal term used to describe combining education with entertainment, especially multimedia theory in the past decade has expanded dramatically because of the introduction of multimedia. Several lines of research have evolved (. Cognitive load, Multimedia learning, and the list goes on). The possibilities for learning and instruction are nearly engineers may use multimedia in Computer Simulations for anything from entertainment to training such as military or industrial training. Multimedia for software interfaces are often done as a collaboration between creative professionals and software the Industrial sector, multimedia is used as a way to help present information to shareholders, superiors and coworkers. Multimedia is also helpful for providing employee training, advertising and selling products all over the world via virtually unlimited web-based and Scientific ResearchIn Mathematical and Scientific Research, multimedia are mainly used for modelling and simulation. For example, a scientist can look at a molecular model of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new substance. Representative research can be found in journals such as the Journal of Medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop techniques to prevent Europe, the reference organization for Multimedia industry is the European Multimedia Associations Convention (EMMAC).An observatory for jobs in the multimedia industry provides surveys and analysis about multimedia and ITC jobs.[1]Structuring information in a multimedia formMultimedia represents the convergence of text, pictures, video and sound into a single form. The power of multimedia and the Internet lies in the way in which information is and the Internet require a completely new approach to writing. The style of writing that is appropriate for the 'on-line world' is highly optimized and designed to be able to be quickly scanned by readers. A good site must be made with a specific purpose in mind and a site with good interactivity and new technology can also be useful for attracting visitors. The site must be attractive and innovative in its design, function in terms of its purpose, easy to navigate, frequently updated and fast to users view a page, they can only view one page at a time. As a result, multimedia users must create a ‘mental model of information structure’Patrick Lynch, author of the Yale University Web Style Manual, states that users need predictability and structure, with clear functional and graphical continuity between the various components and subsections of the multimedia production. In this way, the home page of any multimedia production should always be a landmark, able to be accessed from anywhere within a multimedia - Multimedia is more than one concurrent presentation medium (for example, on CD-ROM or a Web site). Although still images are a different medium than text, multimedia is typically used to mean the combination of text, sound, and/or motion video. Some people might say that the addition of animated images (for example, animated GIF on the Web) produces multimedia, but it has typically meant one of the following: Text and sound Text, sound, and still or animated graphic images Text, sound, and video images Video and sound Multiple display areas, images, or presentations presented concurrently In live situations, the use of a speaker or actors and "props" together with sound, images, and motion video Multimedia can arguably be distinguished from traditional motion pictures or movies both by the scale of the production (multimedia is usually smaller and less expensive) and by the possibility of audience interactivity or involvement (in which case, it is usually called interactive multimedia). Interactive elements can include: voice command, mouse manipulation, text entry, touch screen, video capture of the user, or live participation (in live presentations). Multimedia tends to imply sophistication (and relatively more expense) in both production and presentation than simple text-and-images. Multimedia presentations are possible in many contexts, including the Web, CD-ROMs, and live theater. A rule-of-thumb for the minimum development cost of a packaged multimedia production with video for commercial presentation (as at trade shows) is: $1,000 a minute of presentation time. Since any Web site can be viewed as a multimedia presentation, however, any tool that helps develop a site in multimedia form can be classed as multimedia software and the cost can be less than for standard video productions. For multimedia Web sites, popular multimedia (sound or sound and motion video or animation) players include: MPEG, Quicktime, and Shockwave.

浅析多媒体外语教学的优势

【论文关键词】多媒体 外语教学 优势

【论文摘要】 多媒体教学是当今课堂教学的发展趋势，外语课利用多媒体辅助教学能够激发学生的学习兴趣、提高学生的学习效率和教师的教学效率，使课堂资源优化配置，扩大课堂信息量并培养学生的个性化思维。

多媒体是利用现代科学技术手段储存和传递信息的工具。多媒体具有图、文、声、像、影合一的特点，能使教学变得更加直观和形象。运用多媒体的现代化教学手段，能为学生提供最佳的外语学习环境和学习情景，优化课堂教学的整个过程，培养学生初步运用英语的交际能力，促进学生综合能力的提高。优质高效的课堂交际活动可激发学习者的学习动机，让学生有机会练习整体表达能力，有利于学生自然习得语言。而要做到这一点，就要求教师创设良好的交际环境。离开情境谈交际是不现实的。课堂交际活动将课堂变成了一个“小社会”，这样的语言训练更富有灵活性和挑战性。我们有很多办法创设良好的交际环境，而充分利用多媒体技术无疑是十分重要的手段。笔者认为多媒体技术的应用对于外语教学有以下几点优势：

第一，多媒体教学能弥补传统教学在时间空间上的限制，创造真实的语言环境，使学生有身临其境的感觉，从而激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的想象力和积极参与的欲望，有效提高学习效率，培养学生较强的语言应用能力，达到利用英语进行交际的目的。多媒体最重要的特点之一就是它的交互性。计算机与使用者之间有频繁的直接沟通，即人机对话，使人们能控制具体媒体信息的内容及方式。多媒体技术的应用虽然教师讲授的时间减少了，但这绝不意味着降低了教师的作用或对教师的要求。一堂成功的多媒体英语教学课应该是一场内容丰富的大演出，表演者是学生，教师是策划、舞台设计者及主持人、导演。多媒体技术的应用使教材思想性和艺术性充分结合，对学生产生巨大的感染力，为语言教学提供了丰富的视听环境。而通过多媒体的人机对话与交互，可以为学生提供身临其境的情境，提高记忆效果，这一特点也能促使教学过程四要素关系的转变，信息技术与英语学科的整合教学，是在多媒体教学和网络环境教学下，它能使在教师指导下的学生建构学习过程。

第二，传统教学模式通过板书和口头讲解要花大量时间，信息密度小，然而多媒体辅助教学的教学内容更丰富，它能传递声音信息，文字信息，图形信息，图像信息，弥补了传统教学模式英语教材单一的不足，信息量更大，远远大于传统课堂讲课提供的信息，节约课时。尽管信息量更大，但信息的传递手段更为多元化，更灵活，更方便，不仅仅是声音和文字，而且通过视听结合，图文并茂，极大引起学生的兴趣，有效调动其非智力因素———这一学生学习不可缺少的内驱力，因此学生乐于接受这些丰富的信息，并且能积极主动地参与到教学过程中来。利用计算机技术进行多媒体教学其中一个很大的优势就是信息量大，即所谓的.海量信息，指的是可以通过多媒体的手段，有效、有序地组织庞大的信息呈现一个清晰、有组织的信息集。这一点，对知识日益更新、知识爆炸的新时代，具有重大的意义。在这背景下，在教学中，如果教师如果仅靠“黑板+粉笔”，已不能满足学生发展的需求。通过计算机多媒体技术，可以为学生提供多种选择功能。这时，学生是学习的主体，而教师则充当指导者的角色，不同的学生可以针对自身不同的情况，来确定学习目标，选择适当的学习进度，确定自己需要的学习内容，找到适合自己的教学媒体。使学生的自主性、想象力、创造力得到一个相对较大的空间内充分发挥，同时，通过不断的反馈来评定学习的结果，以此来完善学习中存在的不足，使学习的效果达到最优化。在此同时，学生获得信息的渠道在很大程度上得以拓宽，学生获得信息的来源不再局限于教师讲授和阅读教科书，而是通过计算机多媒体系统，根据需要，搜集各种信息数据，从而获得更广泛的知识。如以“Animal Intelligence”为主题的教学中，教师可以预先布置学生在网上查询有关动物智能的相关信息报道，通过这种途径获得的信息远远超过教科书所能给予的，极大地拓宽了学生的知识面，不但给他们的学习注入时代的气息也激发了他们探索知识的兴趣，为新课的进行做了很好的热身运动。

第三，鉴于学生的个体差异，例如英语基础和接受能力的不同，多媒体辅助教学可让学生根据自己的实际情况选择学习的内容、数量、进度，实现学生对信息的主动索求而不是被动接受，有利于教学个性化。传统英语教学模式基本上是以教师为中心。其严重弊病是:以教师为中心的英语课堂，忽视了学生的认知主体作用，这样的教学模式不利于具有创新思维和创新能力的创造型人材的成长。以教师为中心的教学模式在学习理论方面的基础是行为主义。由于这种行为主义学习理论长期潜移默化的影响，导致了我国绝大多数学生渐渐地养成一种不爱问、不想问为什么的习惯。长期以来，学生们形成一种盲目崇拜书本和老师的思想—他们认为书本上的都是经典的哲理，老师讲的也肯定没问题，总之他们从来没有怀疑过课本上的东西或是老师讲解的东西。也就是说，学生一直在接受老师筛选过滤过的知识，他们没想过去尝试新的，长期没有怀疑的这种思想观念代代相传，不断强化，使学生们的发散性思维、逆向思维被束缚、被禁锢;敢于冲破传统、藐视权威的新思想、新观念被贬斥、被扼杀;大胆幻想的翅膀也被折断，其主动性也就无从发挥。

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[1]骆汉卫.大学英语多媒体教学实践与分析[J].浙江教育学院学报.

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