Apoptosis is a common property of multicellular organisms to eliminate unwanted and potentially harmful cells [1] and [2]. 细胞凋亡是多细胞机体的共同特性,用来消除多余的和有潜在威胁的细胞【1】和【2】This process is actively executed by specific proteases, the caspases, and occurs in a programmed fashion, thus also referred to as PCD.这个过程是通过特殊蛋白酶(胱门蛋白酶)执行的,并且在一个可程式化的方式下发生。因此,同样适用于PCD。Apoptosis is characterized by typical morphological changes mainly caused by caspase activity, such as shrinkage of the cell, condensation of chromatin, and disintegration of the cell into small apoptotic bodies. 细胞凋亡的特点在于典型的形态改变,主要是半胱天冬酶的活性造成的。比如细胞收缩,染色质的凝聚和细胞蜕变为凋亡小体。Apoptotic bodies are removed by phagocytosis, in the liver mainly by Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which is typically not accompanied by profound inflammatory reactions in physiologic conditions [3]. 凋亡小体被吞噬作用移除(在肝脏里主要被库普弗细胞和肝星状细胞HSC移除)在生理状态上,它并不是伴随着 深度发炎的后效应 同时发生。However, hepatocellular apoptosis in pathologic conditions may cause inflammatory reactions such as infiltration of neutrophils resulting in activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis.但是,肝细胞的凋亡 在病理状态 下会导致炎症反应,例如 肝的星状细胞激活和肝脏纤化 所导致的 嗜中性粒细胞渗透。(review [4] A. Canbay, S. Friedman and . Gores, Apoptosis: the nexus of liver injury and fibrosis, Hepatology 39 (2004), pp. 273–278. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (136)[4]). 回顾参考文献4,和的文章《细胞凋亡:肝脏损伤和纤维化的联系》出自《肝脏病学》2004年39期 第273-278页……大概就是这样,希望你满意。哇塞脖子都硬了呵呵
是医学,生命科学领域的数据库,旨在组织、分享科研领域信息。为用户提供文献检索,图片检索,影响因子查询,免费全文下载,国家自然科学基金统计分析等服务
内容涉及药学、临床医学、基础医学、预防医学、法医学和生物医学工程等。除了可以检索丰富的医学文献外,还支持药物和疾病检索。
library
Cochrane library(考克兰图书馆)是the Cochrane Collaboration的主要产品,目前是John Wiley & Sons国际出版社负责出版。
它包含以下6个数据库 ?
Database of Systematic Review(医学保健领域系统评估的领先资源)
临床对照实验数据库
Methodology Register(介绍进行对照试验时所用方法的参考出版物)
Technology Assessment Database(卫生技术评估)
Economic Evaluation Datab6(经济评估数据库)
The Cochrane Collaboration(组成Cochrane Collaboration的80个组织的信息)
trials
Clinical trials(美国临床试验数据库)是美国国立医学图书馆(NML)与美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)在1997年开发的数据库。里面提供了网站临床试验注册辅导,登记了各种观察性研究和干预性研究,包括药物、器械和手术等干预方式。其注册和查询临床试验均为免费~
5.万方医学网
是万方数据股份有限公司旗下的网站。拥有220多种中文独家医学期刊全文、1000多种中文医学期刊全文、4100多种国外医学期刊文摘(全文以电子邮件原文传递方式获得,核心期刊全部收齐),其中包括中华医学会、中国医师协会等独家合作期刊220余种;中文期刊论文近360万篇,外文期刊论文455万余篇。
6.知网 中国知识资源总库提供CNKI源数据库、外文类、工业类、农业类、医药卫生类、经济类和教育类多种数据库。CNKI已集结了7000多种期刊、近1000种报纸、18万本博士/硕士论文、16万册会议论文、30万册图书以及国内外1100多个专业数据库。
如果是校外没有这些数据库账号,可以从seek68文献馆中找到。而且还省米。
in the Cost of Health Care: Providing the Solutions, Warren S. Grundfest; information systems create a standardized clinical patient record in which there are discrete and concise observations of patient problems and their resolution. Clinical notes usually are narratives which don't support an aggregate and systematic outcome analysis. Many programs collect information on diagnosis and coded procedures
很多,以下是经常用的全文数据库,pubmed大部分没全文:1、OVID2、EBSCO3、proquest4、scicnedirect5、springer6、wiely......
【分享】有奖翻译外文文献摘要(药物专区) 药物专区 这篇综述重点阐述了藻类中具有食用和保健价值的各种长链不饱和脂肪酸的研究状况。 文题:Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae 作者:Guschina, I. A. Harwood, J. L. 杂志全名:Progress in Lipid Research 年份,卷(期): 起止页码: 2006, Vol 45, No 2, 160-186 英文摘要: Eukaryotic algae are a very diverse group of organisms which inhabit a huge range of ecosystems from the Antarctic to deserts. They account for over half the primary productivity at the base of the food chain. In recent years studies on the lipid biochemistry of algae has shifted from experiments with a few model organisms to encompass a much larger number of, often unusual, algae. This has led to the discovery of new compounds, including major membrane components, as well as the elucidation of lipid signalling pathways. A major drive in recent research have been attempts to discover genes that code for expression of the various proteins involved in the production of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Such work is described here together with information about how environmental factors, such as light, temperature or minerals, can change algal lipid metabolism and how adaptation may take place. 中文译文: 真核藻类中脂类及其代谢研究综述 真核藻类是一大类具有多样性的种群,它的覆盖范围很广的,栖息地遍及从南极圈到沙漠的各类生态系统。藻类占据了初级生产力的一半以上,成为食物链的基础。近年来,人们对藻细胞中脂类物质的生化研究已经从很少的几种模式微生物其他物种拓展,开展了对众多物种包括一些非常见藻类的研究。这些研究带来了许多新的化合物的发现,包括一些细胞膜的主要组分、以及脂类信号转导途径中的重要分子。这些研究的主要目标是寻找这些长链不饱和脂肪酸合成蛋白的编码基因。同时本文中还综述了环境因子(例如光、温度、微量元素)对藻类脂肪代谢的影响以及藻细胞的应答机制的相关研究信息。 影响因子(2005) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 全文连接 and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic () -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 全文连接-2 and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic () -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 共翻译了5篇,其中三篇综述,两篇研究性文章。都是有关海洋药物方面的,大部分是海洋抗癌药物。尽我所能进行了翻译,部分词汇查不到中文译名,就没有翻译。 个人认为第四篇文章的水平很高,这时发表在PNAS上面的文章,一般化学类的文章,JACS(影响因子7左右)是顶级的杂志了。做的是海洋复杂天然产物的构型构象确定,该化合物是一个含侧链的25元环的大环内酯。类似于沙海葵毒素,研究方法也是从结构的片断开始,逐步确定其立体结构,当然本文所研究的结构没有沙海葵毒素(由129个碳原子组成的聚醚化合物,分子量为2677,含有40个羟基和8个甲基)那么复杂。虽然本文没有确定整个结构的立体结构,但本文的研究为确定该类型化合物的立体结构打下了基础。 第一篇(文章类型:Review) 文题:Marine pharmacology in 2003–2004: Anti-tumour and cytotoxic compounds 作者:Alejandro . Mayer, Kirk R. Gustafson 杂志全名:European Journal of Cancer(IF for 2005:;IF for 2005:) 年份,卷(期): 起止页码:42 (2006 ):2241-2270 英文摘要:During 2003 and 2004, marine pharmacology research directed towards the discovery and development of novel anti-tumour agents was published in 163 peer-reviewed articles. The purpose of this reviewis to present a structured assessment of the anti-tumour and cytotoxic properties of 150 marine natural products, many of which are novel compounds that belong to diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. The organisms yielding these bioactive marine compounds include invertebrate animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Anti-tumour pharmacological studies were conducted with 31 structurally defined marine natural products in a number of experimental and clinical models that further defined their mechanisms of action. Particularly potent in vitro cytotoxicity data generated with murine and human tumour cell lines was reported for 119 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. Noteworthy is the fact that marine anti-cancer research was sustained by a global collaborative effort, involving researchers from Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand and the United States of America (USA). Finally, this 2003–2004 overview of the marinepharmacology literature highlights the fact that the discovery of novel marine anti-tumour agents continued at the same pace as during 1998–2002. 中文译文(包括题目): 2003-2004海洋药理学:抗肿瘤及细胞毒化合物 2003至2004年度,研究方向为寻找发现新抗肿瘤药物的海洋药理学论文总共发表了163篇。 本综述旨在对大约150个海洋天然产物的抗肿瘤及细胞毒活性进行化学结构上的分析,其中许多化合物属于不同的结构类型,包括聚酮化合物、帖类、甾体以及多肽。产生这些活性化合物的生物包括无脊椎动物、海藻、真菌和细菌。在大量的实验及临床模型上,研究人员对31个结构明确的海洋天然产物进行了抗肿瘤药理研究,这样的研究进一步明确了其作用机制。据报道,共有119种新的海洋化合物在体外对鼠或人类肿瘤细胞有特别强的细胞毒作用,作用机制尚未阐明。值得注意的是,全球许多国家合作进行海洋抗肿瘤药物研究,包括澳大利亚、奥地利、加拿大、埃及、法国、德国、意大利、日本、墨西哥、荷兰、新西兰、新几内亚、菲律宾、南非、南朝鲜、西班牙、瑞士、台湾、泰国及美国。最后,2003-2004年的海洋药理学研究综述表明发现新抗肿瘤化合物的速度与1998-2002期间一致。 第二篇(文章类型:Review) 文题:Indole alkaloid marine natural products: An established source of cancer drug leads with considerable promise for the control of parasitic, neurological and other diseases 作者:Waseem Gul, Mark T. Hamann 杂志全名:Life Sciences(IF for 2005:;IF for 2005:) 年份,卷(期): 起止页码:78 (2005):442-453 英文摘要:The marine environment produces natural products from a variety of structural classes exhibiting activity against numerous disease targets. Historically marine natural products have largely been explored as anticancer agents. The indole alkaloids are a class of marine natural products that show unique promise in the development of new drug leads. This report reviews the literature on indole alkaloids of marine origin and also highlights our own research. Specific biological activities of indole alkaloids presented here include: cytotoxicity, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, serotonin antagonism, Ca-releasing, calmodulin antagonism, and other pharmacological activities. 中文译文(包括题目): 吲哚生物碱海洋天然产物:明确的抗癌药物先导化合物库,在治疗寄生虫病、神经病及其它疾病具有良好的前景 海洋产生了大量的各种结构类型的天然产物,它们作用于不同的疾病靶点。历史上,对海洋天然产物的研究大都是在抗癌方向。海洋中的吲哚类生物碱在作为新药先导化合物方面,具有独一无二的良好前景。本文综述了有关海洋来源的吲哚生物碱的文献,同时也包括了我们自己的研究。在这里,我们展示了吲哚类生物碱的独特生物活性,包括:细胞毒、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗炎、拮抗5-羟色胺、钙释放、拮抗钙调蛋白及其他药理活性。 第三篇(文章类型:Review) 文题:Marine natural products as anticancer drugs 作者:T. Luke Simmons, Eric Andrianasolo, Kerry McPhail, Patricia Flatt, and William H. Gerwick 杂志全名:Molecular Cancer Therapeutics(IF for 2005:;IF for 2004:) 年份,卷(期): 起止页码:2005;4(2):333–42 英文摘要:The chemical and biological diversity of the marine environment is immeasurable and therefore is an extraordinary resource for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Recent technological and methodologic advances in structure elucidation, organic synthesis, and biological assay have resulted in the isolation and clinical evaluation of various novel anticancer agents. These compounds range in structural class from simple linear peptides, such as dolastatin 10, to complex macrocyclic polyethers, such as halichondrin B; equally as diverse are the molecular modes of action by which these molecules impart their biological activity. This review highlights several marine natural products and their synthetic derivatives that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as anticancer drugs. 中文译文(包括题目): 作为抗肿瘤药物的海洋天然产物 海洋环境的化学与生物多样性是无法衡量的,因此海洋是发现新抗癌药物的特别资源库。今年来,结构鉴定、有机合成、生物分析在技术及方法学方面的发展带动了各种新抗癌药物的分离及临床评价。这些化合物的结构各异,从简单的线性多肽如多拉司他汀10,到复杂的大环聚醚类化合物如软海绵素B。有如结构差异,这些化合物赖以传递作用的分子模式也各不相同。本文综述了一些来自海洋的天然产物及其合成衍生物,目前这些化合物正作为抗癌药进行临床评价。 第四篇(文章类型:research article) 文题:Synthesis of antimicrofilament marine macrolides: Synthesis and configurational assignment of a C5–C16 degradation fragment of reidispongiolide A 作者:Ian Paterson, Robert Britton, Kate Ashton, Henner Knust, and Jonathan Stafford 杂志全名:proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america 年份,卷(期): 起止页码:2004 August 17; 101(33): 11986–11991. 英文摘要:Reidispongiolide A is a representative member of the sphinxolide/reidispongiolide group of cytotoxic 26-membered macrolides of marine origin. By interacting with actin in the cell cytoskeleton, the reidispongiolides and sphinxolides are potent microfilament destabilizing agents that represent a promising mechanism of action for developing novel anticancer drugs. An aldol-based synthesis of a library of diastereomers of C8–C16 and C5–C16 fragments and detailed NMR comparison with a reported degradation fragment enabled a configurational assignment for a major part of the reidispongiolide macrocyclic core, thus setting a solid foundation for ongoing synthetic efforts. 中文译文(包括题目): 具抗微丝活性的海洋大环内酯合成:reidispongiolide A分解片断C5–C16的合成及构象指定 Reidispongiolide A是来自海洋的含sphinxolide/reidispongiolide 基团的26元环大环内酯类化合物的代表。通过与细胞骨架的肌动蛋白相互作用,这些大环内酯类化合物使得微丝失稳,这是研发新抗癌药物的有望机制。从丁间醇醛开始,合成了C8-C16及C5–C16的非对映体库,并将其NMR数据与一已报道的分解片断进行详细的比较,从而指定了reidispongiolide大环母核主要部分的构象,为后续的合成工作提供了坚实的基础。 第五篇(文章类型:research article) 文题:Aureoverticillactam, a novel 22-atom macrocyclic lactam from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces aureoverticillatus. 作者:Scott S. Mitchell, Benjamin Nicholson, Sy Teisan, Kin S. Lam, and Barbara C. M. Potts 杂志全名:journal of natural products(IF for 2005:; IF for 2004:) 年份,卷(期): 起止页码:2004 Aug;67:1400-2. 英文摘要:During the course of our screening program designed to discover novel anticancer and anti-infective agents from marine microorganisms, a strain of Streptomyces aureoverticillatus (NPS001583) isolated from a marine sediment was found to produce a novel macrocyclic lactam with cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. Using extensive MS, UV, and NMR spectral analyses, the structure has been established as compound 1, aureoverticillactam, a 22-atom macrocyclic lactam incorporating both triene and tetraene conjugated olefins. 中文译文(包括题目): 由海洋放线菌Streptomyces aureoverticillatus产生的22元环大环内酰胺Aureoverticillactam 在试图从海洋微生物中筛选得到新抗癌药物的过程中,我们发现一株分离自海洋沉积物的链酶菌属放线菌aureoverticillatus (NPS001583) 能产生一种新的大环内酰胺,其对数种不同的肿瘤细胞都有细胞毒作用。运用包括质谱、紫外及核磁共振的多种光谱分析,解析确定了该化合物1(aureoverticillactam)的结构,是一个含有共轭三烯和共轭四烯的22元环大环内酰胺。 如果你英语水平可以的话,可以直接到 (美国专利网)找找。《外文文献信息检索》PPT版(包括:外文图书信息检索、外文期刊论文检索、外文报纸检索),如有需要再联系我。
医多维医药文献检索是基于pubmed数据库的优势结合健数的大数据处理技术研发而成医学文献检索数据库,收录3000多万篇医学类文献。它继承了pubmed的检索语法与语义转换功能,使得检索结果与其基本一致。同时为了延续用户习惯,在引入中文翻译的同时,保留了检索界面与详情界面与pubmed的一致性,让用户更为便捷地查询医药类信息。
论文中医药的网络推广(英文版本)。。 文件密码 RAR文件密码为:
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