菊英的出嫁论文参考文献

1 简爱性格分析The Independent Spirit——about“ Jane Eyer”This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.作者： .* 2006-1-2 20:45 回复此发言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 简爱性格分析Life is ceaselessly changing, but our living principles remain. Firmly persisting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage, which is like the beacon over the capriccioso sea of life. In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the dramatis this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both physical and mental effects on us call for a balance. We are likely to find ourselves bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload and living unconsciousness. It’s our spirit that makes the life meaningful.二、An Analysis of Jane EyreThe novel is rich in poetry, symbolism and metaphor. It does not fit easily into a definite pattern, being neither a novel of "manners" in the tradition of Austen, or a straightforward Gothic Romance in the style of Mrs Radcliffe. What Charlotte Bronte did was to create a work which cleverly blends elements of the two styles, and which remains uniquely independent of them at the same time, since it addresses issues which were at the time rather novel is written in the first person, and thus magnifies the central character - the reader enters the world of Jane Eyre and is transported through her experiences at first hand. This at once makes the work subjective, especially since we know that Charlottes Brontes own life and experiences were so closely interwoven with the heroine's. As well as this we learn only at the end of the novel that the events are being related to us ten years after the reconciliation with Rochester - thus the narrative is RETROSPECTIVE (looking back). CB is clever in blending the narrative so that at times Jane seems to be speaking as an adult with adult hindsight , while at others she she is "in the middle" of them, as a child or young woman. The indecision which is a central issue in the book, is heightened by this device. We never know, as readers, whether to be entirely trustful of Janes actions and thoughts, because we are never sure wheher she is speaking impulsively or intensifies the readers dilemma as to what is "right" and "wrong" in the dramatic relationships which are part of JE's life. Can we believe what the heroine says, or is she deceiving herself? The novel is primarily a love story and a "romance" where wishes come true but only after trials and suffering. The supernatural has its place, as do dreams, portents and prophesies. The heroine begins poor and lonely and ends up rich and loved; the orphan finds a good family to replace the wicked one; all the basic ingredients of classic romantic fairytale are romantic element is present in two forms in Jane Eyre; the "family" aspect is dealt with in the Gateshead, Lowood and Moor House episodes, which involve the exchanging of the wicked Reed family for the benevolent Rivers one; and the Love romance is dealt with in the Thornfield and Ferndean episodes. Both aspects are, of course linked and interwoven throughout the novel.作者： .* 2006-1-2 20:45 回复此发言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 简爱性格分析There is also a strong element of realism in the novel, which, married to the romantic aspect, enhances the novel's sense of place is very strong; we are able to experience both exterior and interior settings with startling clarity throughout the story, in a series of vivid de脚本ive passages. The central characters are also realistic and their confrontations and sufferings change them in a believable the unlikely is made plausible, with a unique blend of high drama and perceptive low comedy (the attack on Mason, for instance)The more fantastic romantic aspects; the coincidences; the secrets; the supernatural occurrences, are balanced by the realism, and this is of course a major Gothic influence cannot be ignored, although CB has refined the technique considerably from the "authentic" Gothic of the 1790's. In the original genre, the heroine would typically be abducted and threatened with seduction, or worse!. There would be a lover - a respectable, well-bred young man - who would endeavor to rescue the heroine and would succeed after many trial. the seducer would be a brigand "Know that I adore Corsairs!" and he would lock the girl up in a remote was little freedom for middle class women during the period of the Gothic novel, and this was still the case in the time of CB. Marriage especially was often a bargain, whereby fortunes were secured by using the female as a pawn. A woman's value largely depended therefore on her sexual purity and she was guarded and secured as a result. Men, on the contrary, were potent and free; lovers and mistresses were common. Ironically the women who provided their services were social outcasts as a Jane Eyre we see elements of the Gothic romance, in that Thornfield Hall and Rochester are described very much in the brigand/castle style BUT Jane Eyre is not abducted by R. On the contrary she chooses to go there of her own free will. AND she is clear in her determination to have Rochester as a husband. Neither is there a gentleman rescuer; St John Rivers may look like a Greek God, but he is neither kind nor benevolent; driving Jane back to Ferndean, not rescuing her from trials which the hero is supposed to undergo in a Gothic romance are in fact undergone by the heroine in Jane Eyre. The bandit Rochester is only skin-deep. Underneath the brooding exterior is a sensitive soul, which a WOMAN frees. In this way we see that CB created rather a daring departure from conventional fiction, although there are still many aspects of the novel which remain true to Victorian convention.

中国古代四大爱情悲剧<<梁祝>>梁山伯与祝英台的爱情算得上是悲剧中的悲剧,也是一个美丽、凄婉、动人的爱情故事。 东晋时期，浙江上虞县祝家庄，玉水河边，有个祝员外之女英台，美丽聪颖，自幼随兄习诗文，慕班昭、蔡文姬的才学，恨家无良师，一心想往杭州访师求学。祝员外拒绝了女儿的请求，祝英台求学心切，伪装卖卜者，对祝员外说：按卦而断，还是让令爱出门的好。祝父见女儿乔扮男装，一无破绽，为了不忍使她失望，只得勉强应允。 英台女扮男装，远去杭州求学。途中，邂逅了赴杭求学的会稽（今绍兴）书生梁山伯，一见如故，相读甚欢，在草桥亭上撮土为香，义结金兰。 不一日，二人来到杭州城的万松书院，拜师入学。从此，同窗共读，形影不离。梁祝同学三年，情深似海。英台深爱山伯，但山伯却始终不知她是女子，只念兄弟之情，并没有特别的感受。 祝父思女，催归甚急，英台只得仓促回乡。梁祝分手，依依不舍。在十八里相送途中，英台不断借物抚意，暗示爱情。山伯忠厚纯朴，不解其故。英台无奈，谎称家中九妹，品貌与己酷似，愿替山伯作媒，可是梁山伯家贫，未能如期而至，待山伯去祝家求婚时，岂知祝父已将英台许配给家住贸阝城（今鄞县）的太守之子马又才。美满姻缘，已成沧影。二人楼台相会，泪眼相向，凄然而别。临别时，立下誓言：生不能同衾，死也要同***！ 后梁山伯被朝廷沼为鄞县（今奉化县）令。然山伯忧郁成疾，不久身亡。遗命葬贸阝城九龙墟。英台闻山伯噩耗，誓以身殉。 英台被迫出嫁时，绕道去梁山伯墓前祭奠，在祝英台哀恸感应下，风雨雷电大作，坟墓爆裂，英台翩然跃入坟中，墓复合拢，风停雨霁，彩虹高悬，梁祝化为蝴蝶，在人间蹁跹飞舞。 在朝廷做宰相的上虞名人谢安听说这一奇事，就奏请皇帝，敕封为义妇冢 <<白蛇传>>家喻户晓<<白蛇传>>,著名民间传说。主要描述由白蛇所变的白娘子与青年许仙的恋爱婚姻悲剧。白娘子同其侍女小青清明节在杭州游西湖时遇雨。青年许仙以伞相借。后来白娘子以送伞为名，向许仙剖白爱情，定下姻缘，二人迁往镇江开设药店为生。金山寺法海和尚见了许仙，说他面有妖气，叫他在端午节让白娘子喝雄黄酒。白娘显形，吓死许仙。白娘与小青盗仙草救活许仙，但法海又将许仙至金山寺，使夫妻分离。白娘子前去索夫，水漫金山后，与许仙断桥相遇，和好团圆。法海再度前去破坏，将白娘子镇于雷峰塔下。<<红楼梦>>中国四大名著之一,《红楼梦》是以贾、史、王、薛四大家族为背景，故事情节由主次两条矛盾线索构成的。 一条是以贾宝玉、林黛玉的爱情为中心，贯穿全书的全线。它以贾、林争取爱情自由、婚姻自主和个性解放的思想同封建制度、封建礼教之间的矛盾为线索，以贾、林最后对封建制度和封建礼教的彻底背叛和爱情的悲剧结局而告终。 造成贾、林爱情悲剧的根本原因是：在封建制度与礼教的桎梏下，青年男女爱情、婚姻不能自主，而取决于封建家长的意愿。具体地说，贾、林的爱情、婚姻不取决于他们自己的意志，而由以贾母为代表的荣府当权派们决定，而贾母又以封建的阶级利益做点为基点，她对林黛玉的“疼”，仅仅是从“骨血”关系出发，并不喜爱她不符封建道德规范要求的“孤高自许”、“目下无尘”和“小性儿”；而对薛宝钗的“爱”，则是以她“端方”的封建品格为基点，尤其是适应封建道德要求的“行为豁达，随分从时”的性格。由此终于选中了薛宝钗而弃置了林黛玉。其结果是，同时酿成3个人的悲剧：林黛玉，为爱情熬尽最后一滴眼泪，含恨而死；贾宝玉，终于离弃“温柔富贵之乡”而遁入了空门；薛宝钗，虽成了荣府的“二奶奶”，却没有真正赢得爱情，陪伴她提终生的凄凉孤苦。她和林黛玉，只不过是同一条封建毒草藤上两颗属性不同的苦瓜而已。 这条主线揭示了封建制度、封建礼教的罪恶；也歌颂了青年男女对封建制度的礼教的叛逆精神。<<牛郎与织女>>传说牛郎是天上的牵牛星，与织女星互相爱慕，他们感到天上不自由，相约到人间去生活。不料被王母知晓，认为牵牛星犯了天规，要加重罪。金牛星上殿说情，王母怪他多事，罚他与牵牛星一同下凡去耕地种田。织女舍不得与牵牛星分开，要求一同下凡，但王母硬要拆散他们，就把织女锁在天宫云房里，不许她外出一步。牵牛星降到人间一个姓牛的家里，他长大成人后每天下地种田，非常勤劳，人家都叫他牛郎。他有一头老牛，很懂人意，原来他就是金牛星的化身。牛郎的哥哥牛兄是个木匠，为人忠厚，但牛嫂十分凶狠刻薄。牛兄想为牛郎娶亲成家，牛嫂不答应，反吵吵闹闹要与牛郎分家。牛郎不愿哥哥为难，同意各立门户，他不争田地和家产，只要了那头老牛。牛郎牵着老牛离开哥哥家，在山脚下搭了一间茅草房安居下来。在天宫云房里的织女，时刻都在思念着牵牛星。这一天，她趁王母到西方出巡的机会，在灵芝仙子等姐妹的帮助下，偷偷下凡来找牵牛星。织女和姐妹们离开天宫时，天空闪出了刺眼的彩云。牛郎大为惊奇，躺在他身旁的老牛忽然变成了一个会说话的人。牛郎更为惊奇，但又异常欢喜，因为与老牛有了深厚的感情，所以倒不见外，亲热地称他为牛大哥。老牛知道织女已经下凡，有意成全他们在人间做夫妻，便领了牛郎来到碧莲池。这时织女正同灵芝仙子等九姐妹在池中戏水。牛郎暗中偷看美丽的织女，并在老牛的鼓励下与织女见了面。织女一眼就认出牛郎是她日夜思念的牵牛星，对他倾吐了别离之情，可是牛郎已不知道他与织女有过的姻缘，但他深深地爱上了织女。老牛乃做了他们的媒人，织女从此留在人间，与牛郎做了恩爱夫妻，他们男耕女织，勤俭持家，生活过得十分愉快。第二年，织女一胎生了两个儿女，人人都羡慕他们的幸福。他们还教会了人们耕种和纺织的好方法，使田地提高了产量，姑娘们都成了巧手。又过了一年，到了尝新节。人们把新谷做的米粑、刚收获的西瓜评给劳动最好的牛郎和巧手能干的织女先尝。牛郎的哥哥看到人人敬爱弟弟和弟媳，脸上亦觉生光，看看身旁好吃懒做的妻子，只有摇头叹气。织女和牛郎凭着勤劳的双手，日子过得红红火火。但是，王母从西方出巡归来，发现织女已私逃凡间，盛怒之下，派了天将把织女捉回天宫。牛郎从田间回到家中不见了织女，老牛告诉他织女已被天将捉去，牛郎仰天高呼，满腔悲愤。老牛不忍他们妻离子散，遂触断头上的牛角，变成一只小船，让牛郎挑着儿女登上牛角船，腾云追去。牛郎不住地叫着织女的名字，织女听到叫声，知道牛郎在云海辨不出方向，便抛出手中的金梭，金梭拖出一根发光的银丝，引导牛郎进了南天门，他又冲开天将的阻挡，夫妻见了面，宁死也不肯分开。残忍的王母，拔下头上的金钗在天空一划，发出一声巨响，只见牛郎与织女的脚下，裂出一条波浪滚滚的天河，硬把牛郎和织女隔开了。王母以为牛郎与织女从此只能一在河东，一在河西，无法相见。可是，牛郎与织女的坚贞爱情，感动了喜鹊，一时飞来无数的喜鹊，用身上五彩的羽毛，化成一架跨越天河的彩桥。织女含着兴奋的热泪，奔上鹊桥，牛郎也挑着儿女到了桥上，一家子终于又团聚在一起了。

我认为是封建宗法等级制度下的男权意识和封建的性道德对女性的压抑导致的

摘要：《简爱》是19世纪英国批判现实主义文学作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作。它成功地塑造了新型的小资产阶级女性简爱的生动形象，集中描写她为谋求妇女经济独立和爱情平等权利而进行的斗争。本文主要从心理、语言、思想、行为等方面分析简爱的性格特点。 关键词：人格、意志、精神、虐待、摧残、反抗、自由、平等 1．引言 《简爱》是一部带有作者自传性的作品，采用第一人称的自叙写法，让女主人公倾诉自己的喜怒哀乐和人生理想，爱情友谊，具有娓娓动听，亲切感人的艺术魅力。它写一个孤女个人的奋斗故事，作者本人生活中的悲哀、忧患、紧张和勇气在小说中得到了强烈的反映。襁褓中父母双亡的简爱被舅舅收养，舅舅死后，舅母一家人百般虐待她，最后将她送入慈善学校，在那里备受凌辱摧残。成年后，她被聘往桑费尔德庄园当家庭教师，与主人真诚相爱；及行婚礼，发生不测，主人被证明早已结婚，其妻因疯病被私关密室。简爱不愿作人情妇，只身远离，流浪途中昏倒在风雨之夜，被一青年牧师圣约翰救回家，在其两个妹妹的照顾下恢复健康。牧师准备去印度传教，他认为简爱坚强而耐苦，可以作个好帮手，就向其求婚，但遭拒绝，因为简爱情有所钟。爱情又使她返回桑费尔德庄。这时女人已将庄园烧毁，自己也被烧死，主人抢救她时还弄成了残废，两人终于幸福地结合。此外，简爱意外地得浪迹海外的叔父一笔遗产，同时被证明她圣约翰原是姑表兄妹。 2． 简爱的性格特点及其具体表现 2．1．自尊自主、叛逆反抗 简爱，在寄居的舅妈家里，和骄横残暴的表哥约翰发生冲突，瘦小的她敢于和表哥扭打，并怒斥他："你这男孩真是又恶毒又残酷，你像个杀人犯----你像个虐待奴隶的人，----你像罗马皇帝。" 他还敢于指责冷酷护短的舅妈："你以为你是好人，可是你坏，你狠心。"简爱的童年的生活让读者初步了解她的反抗性格和捍卫独立人格的精神起点。 从下面的几段描述中可以看到简爱的内心是多么的叛逆反抗。 "我被他打倒，头还在痛，血还在流；约翰粗暴地打了我，没有人责备他；而我，为了叫他以后不再干出这种荒唐的暴行，却受到了众人的许多责难。 "不公平！----不公平啊！"我理智的说。令人痛苦的刺激逼得我的理智一时早熟地发挥了威力；"决心"也同样被鼓舞起来，催促着我采取什么奇妙的方法，从这难以忍受的压迫下逃跑----譬如出走，或者，万一走不了的话，就永远不再吃不再喝，听任自己饿死。在那一个悲惨的下午，我的灵魂是多么惶恐不安啊，我整个脑海里是多么混乱啊，我的心有多么的反抗啊，然而，这一精神上的搏斗，是在怎么样的黑暗，怎么样的愚昧中进行的啊，我无法回答内心的这个不断提出的问题：为什么我这样受苦；而如今，隔了----我不愿说隔了多少年----我却看的明明白白了。" 简爱非常的重视自我，她说："我是自己的主人"，当一对恋人的结婚计划被粉碎时，罗彻斯特提议到法国去过同居生活，尽管这个方案对于热恋中的人来说具有无可争辩的诱惑力，但是她拒绝了----"我关心我自己。越孤独，越没有朋友，越没有人帮助，我越要自重。"因此她逃离了。2．2．追求精神上的自由、平等 当简爱发觉她深深地爱上了主人后，在地位如此悬殊的情况下，她却敢于去爱，因为她坚信人在精神上都是平等的。一个穷教师斗胆爱上一个上流人物，在等级深严的社会观念看来，无异于乞丐万奢望国王，所以这本身就是向社会及偏见的大胆挑战。惟其如此，它也就意味着遭受嘲笑或侮辱，只有像简爱这样并不把权贵放在心上的人才能去坦坦荡荡地爱。当罗切斯特为了试探她而假意要娶某贵族小姐时，她愤怒地说："你以为，因为我穷，低贱，不美，矮小，我就没有灵魂没有心吗？你想错了！-----我的灵魂跟你一样，我的心也跟你的完全一样！......。就如我们站在上帝跟前是平等的----因为我们是平等的！"基于此，她表达爱情的方式才不是甜腻的赞美，温柔的絮语，更不是祈求，诱惑或勾引，归根结底，她追求的是两颗心的平等结合。 "你为什么和我讲这些？她和你与我有什么关系？你以为我贫穷，相貌平平就没有情感吗？我向你起誓，如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌，我会让你难以离开我，就像我现在难以离开你一样。可上帝没有这样安排。但我们的精神是平等的。就如你我走过的坟墓，平等地站在上帝面前。"这是简爱发内心的为精神平等观念的辩护。 2．3．感情炽烈，敢于追求真正意义上、完整的爱情 简爱对罗彻斯特情感非常的追求非常的真诚和专一，这主要表现在对她对罗彻斯特执着而强烈的爱情上。当圣约翰向她提出求婚，要她作为他的助手一起去印度传教时，简爱虽然认为"他是个好人"，但还是拒绝了他的求婚。因为在简爱看来，他爱的并不是自己，他更爱的是上帝。更重要的是，无论他对她如何，她心里爱的仍是罗彻斯特。因为牧师对他的爱是不完整的。可是在得知罗彻斯特还有疯了的合法妻子，她还是拒绝了他的爱，她不愿作人情妇，她要的还是一份真正意义的完整爱情。然而，当简爱离开了罗彻斯特后，并没有在感情上抛弃他；相反，她的爱情像殉道一般，专一到打算为其作永远的牺牲，贫困时是这样，富有后仍是这样，更不会因为罗彻斯特身体上的残缺而弃之不顾。以下是罗彻斯特在庄园被烧毁，眼睛瞎了后，向简爱求爱的一独白。 "简，你肯嫁给我吗？ "肯的，先生" "一个比你大20岁的瘸子，你得伺侯他的人。" "是的，先生" "当真，简？" "完全当真，先生。" 从中可看到简爱所追求的爱情不是物质财富，而是真正意义上的纯洁爱情，不含半点虚假造作。2．4．意志坚强，智慧过人 在盖茨海德府，简爱是童话里的"灰姑娘"、弱小、丑陋、怪僻、胆小、任人摆布，是个没有明确地位和身份的"小家伙"，是个"外来人"，是个"异种人"，是个"比不上佣人"的小姐。一切力量都压迫她，残害她的天性，扼杀她的成长，但简爱的心却并没有被丑恶的现实所摧毁，她的精神却因粗砺的生活而锤炼得顽强，她的意志被磨砺得坚决，非凡的处境培植了她非凡的勇气和洞察力，十岁的孩子似乎具备了成人的智力，而这种超绝的智力促使她无所谓惧地去反抗压迫者。 "你没有权利拿我的书。妈妈说你是个靠别人养活的人；你没有钱。" "我的里德舅舅在天上，你做的一切和和想的一切，他都看得见，我爸爸妈妈也都看得见；他们知道你整天把我关起来，还巴不得我死掉。" 在劳渥学校的悲惨体验，更表现了简爱的坚强和惊人的意志力。简爱刚刚摆脱舅妈的虐待，就被送到寄宿学校读书，和其他孩子们一起，经常挨饿受冻，挨打罚站。学校里传染病夺取了好多孤儿的生命，简爱却凭借顽强的生命力在这种艰苦的条件下呆了10年。 " 当我们无缘无故挨打的时候，我们应该狠狠地回击；我肯定我们应该回击----狠狠地回击，教训教训打我们的那个人，叫他永远不敢在这样打人。"这是简爱在言语上对打他的人有力回击，也是在精神上维护自己受伤的心灵。 在下面主人疵疵逼人的问话中，无所畏惧自卑，更表现其头脑精灵的一面罗彻斯特："你很沉着。像你这样身份低微的孤儿，哪来的这种沉着？" 简："它来自我的头脑，先生。" 罗彻斯特："是我看到的，你肩膀上的那个？" 简："是的，先生。" 罗彻斯特："你头脑中还有没有其他类似的东西？" 简："我想它样样具备，先生。" 她所受过的教育和经历使她拥有一个富有智慧、善良敏感、坚强独立的高贵灵魂，在这一点上，她与主人相比毫不逊色，甚至使其有时感到惭愧。 3． 结语 从上文的分析可见，简爱是一个贫苦低微、其貌不扬、性格倔强、感情丰富、独立自尊、勇敢执着、聪慧过人的女孩，她对自己的命运、价值、地位的思考和努力把握，对自己的思想和人格有着理性的认识，对自己的幸福和情感有着坚定的追求。从简爱身上，我们看到了当今新女性的形象：自尊、自重、自立、自强，对于自己的人格、情感、生活、判断、选择的坚定理想和执着追求。这是简爱人格魅力的启示，也是本文的写作目的所在。 参考文献：简同，《百部世界文学名著赏析》。北京：北京出版社，。袁世全，《外国文学名著微缩》。上海：汉语大词典出版社，。方洲，《世界文学名著速读手册》。北京：中国青年出版社，1999。金志浩，《同行者：高中生自选名篇佳作》。上海：汉语大词典出版社，。陶德臻，《世界文学名著选读》。北京：高等教育出版社，2002。梁坤，《外国文学名著选读》。北京：中国人民大学出版社，2002。田兆耀，《西方文学鉴赏》。北京：中国广播电视出版社，。刘念兹，王化学，曾繁亭，《外国作家作品专题研究》。济南：山东人民出版社，2001,5。杨正和，《外国文学名作欣赏》。北京：科学出版社，。梅子涵，《经典女孩：世界名著中的少女故事》。上海：上海人民出版社，2001。

《菊英的出嫁》是王鲁彦《柚子》集中的一篇佳作。是乡土文学的代表作。他以绵密的笔致展示了渐东农村特异的冥婚习俗。菊英是一个只有8岁阳寿的女孩，在她病逝十年之后，其母理所当然地认为她已到时婚龄，于是顺理成章地为她订了一门阴亲并倾其所能预备了丰厚的嫁妆，然后吹吹打打、热热闹闹将她“嫁”了出去，把菊英的棺材由青色的轿子抬到男方家。冥婚制透现出愚昧落后的原始信仰，即以为人死后依然成长并且灵魂不灭；那铺排的煞有介事的程式在令人咋舌之余难免显得荒唐可笑。然而小说有关这一事件的始末通过一位失去女儿的母亲的意识之流渐次溢出，浸盈着浓厚的无依无托的母爱，对落后意识与习俗的批判与讽意由此淡化于一个母爱对早夭女儿彻骨的哀思之中。