关于女性健康的文章英文

show loving care for female health and improve the quality of life 就是这句的。

there are many people who think that wealth is better than health. i used to think so until one day i read a story about howard hughes. he was an american billionaire who got anything he wanted. however, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to deteriorate and he was miserable. he had the best doctors and nurses. however, he could still find no relief. i realized that health is worth all the money in the world. if you have millions of dollars but your health is poor, you will not be able to do what you want to do. so i would like to say don’t hurt yourself trying to make money. instead take care of your body and be happy with what you do have. health is more is more important, health or wealth? it is a hot topic among people. i can hardly answer this question. i didn’t realize that health is more imporant until i saw a businessman’s real successful businessman, one of my father’s friends, devoted himseff to his business. he works from morning to night every day. there is no weekends in his mind. he often says, "i must earn much money so that i can get what i want. "lately, he is ill. though he has a lot of money, he can do nothing but lie in the hospital’s i think health is more important than wealth“英语关于健康演讲稿——health的重要性带翻译”. people can do nothing if they are always in poor health, let alone happiness. no matter we are rich or not, we can not ignore the importance of health.中文翻译：很多人都认为财富宫比健康更重要。在读到howard hughes的故事之前，我也是这么认为的。howard hughes是美国的一个亿万富翁，能得到他想得到的任何东西。但是在他生命最后的二十年中，他的身体变得很糟糕，他很悲惨。他有最好的医生和护士，但仍得不到解脱。我意识到在这个世界上，好的身体抵得上所有的金钱。因为即使你有百万美元但身体糟糕，也不能做你想做的事情。因此我想说的是关心你的身体，对你所拥有的一切感到高兴，不要为挣钱损害你的身体。健康更重要。健康和财富哪个更重要?这是人们常爱谈论的一个话题。我以前回答不出这个问题，但是现在从一个商人的真实生活中我意识到健康更重要。我父亲的一位朋友，一个成功的商人，全身心投入到他的工作中。每天从早工作到晚，在他心目中根本没有周末的概念。他经常说：“我必须多挣钱，这样就可以想干什么就干什么。”近来，他病倒了，除了躺在医院病床上，什么也不能做。所以，我认为健康比财富更重要。如果一个人身体总是不好，他什么也做不成，更不用谈幸福了。不管我们贫穷还是富有，都不能忽视健康的重要性

由于随着科技和社会的发展，人们的生活水平不断提高，当代人把身体健康看得越来越重，对自己的饮食习惯，药物的使用与滥用和急救知识等格外关注。下面是我带来的医学科普 文章 ，欢迎阅读!

医学科普文章英文版1

为什么总是睡不好?十大常见睡眠错误

Most of us have struggled at some point with sleep. Whether it’s not getting enough sleepor struggling to get up in the morning, it can be difficult to get the balance just right.

大多数人都遇到过一些睡眠问题。有可能是睡得不够，又或者是早晨起不来，很难达到平衡睡得舒服。

However, sleep is essential if we want to be productive in life. It provides us with theenergy we need to get stuff done!

然而为了保证精力充沛，睡眠是十分必要的。我们需要睡足了才有精力干活!

Here are the 10 most common sleep mistakes people make and a few tips for avoidingthem!

下面列出了常见的十大睡眠错误以及纠正小贴士。

1. The snooze button

闹钟止闹按钮

Don’t EVER hit the snoozebutton. It really is much more beneficial to just get up on yourfirst alarm. Think about it – the snooze button gives you an extra 10 minutes or so sleep. Inthe grand scheme of your day this really won’t provide you with any more energy. In-fact itdoes the opposite. Research has shown that ‘interrupted sleep’ can cause us to feel moretired.

千万不要按止闹按钮，其实在闹铃一响时就起来对身体更好。想想看，止闹按钮可以让你多睡10分钟或者更长一点时间。但相比于一整天满满的计划，这多睡的10分钟根本无法为你多添几份活力。事实上恰恰相反，研究表明受干扰的睡眠会让人更加疲倦。

2. Disorganized sleeping habits

不规律的睡眠习惯

It’s much easier to get to sleep each night (and wake up feeling refreshed) if we have aregular routine. This means going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting upat roughly the same time each morning. If you’re disorganized with your sleeping routine, youend up interrupting your natural sleeping rhythms, which can cause insomnia and fatigue.

如果每天的作息时间规律，每晚会更加容易入眠(醒来时也会感到神清气爽)。也就是说每晚在相对固定的时间睡觉，每天早上在相对固定的时间起床。如果你睡觉的时间不规律，就会打乱你的生物钟，导致失眠和疲劳感。

3. Long naps

小睡时间过长

Long naps can disrupt your sleeping rhythms so if you’re desperate for a nap then keep itunder the 30 minute mark (and before 4pm). Short naps after lunch can help to restore energylevels (just make sure you don’t sleep in).

小睡时间过长会打乱人的生物钟，所以如果你真的很想打个盹儿的话，请把时间控制在30分钟以内(而且要在下午四点前睡)。在午餐后小睡一会儿有助于恢复体力(只是不要睡过头了)。

4. Caffeine/stimulants

咖啡因/兴奋剂

Don’t drink any caffeinated drinks after mid-day. Caffeine stimulatesyour body for up to 12hours after consumption so it’s important to restrict your intake later in the day. Be aware ofsupposed ‘herbal’ drinks such as green tea, which can have a high dose of caffeine. Alwayscheck the label.

请不要在中午之后饮用含咖啡因的饮料。咖啡因会持续的影响人体12个小时，所以要控制自己不要在中午以后摄取咖啡因。小心一些“草本”饮料，例如绿茶含有很高的咖啡因。每次喝饮料之前都要看一下成份标签。

5. Stress &negative thinking

压力和消极想法

Stress is a large reason why many people find it difficult to sleep. One of the worse thingsyou can do is be stressed before bed. Stress produces chemicals that physically stop us fromsleeping. Try and clear your mind before bed time and make an effort to think positive thoughtsthat aid sleep.

压力是造成人难以入眠的重要原因。在上床睡觉前带着太大压力就更加糟糕了。压力会使人分泌出某些从生理上阻止睡眠的化学物质。尝试在睡前清空所思所想，努力朝有助于睡眠的积极方面想吧。

6. Too much light

光线太亮

Our bodies depend on ‘sleep signals’ to fall asleep and one of those signals is sure your room is as dark as possible before trying to get to sleep. Even a thin stream oflight coming in through your window can disrupt your pinealgland’s production of sleephormones and therefore disturb your sleep rhythms, so make sure your blinds are closed!

我们的身体依靠“睡眠信号”来入睡，其中一个信号就是黑暗。所以在睡觉前要确保房间光线尽可能暗。即便是透过玻璃窗射进来的一小束光线也可能会干扰人的松果体分泌睡眠荷尔蒙，从而干扰睡眠生物钟。因此要保证关上百叶窗!

7. Sugar before bedtime

睡前摄取糖分

Sugary snacks before bedtime are a really bad idea. The sugar can disrupt the chemicals inyour body causing you to wake up during the night. Limit all late night sweet treats – if you’rehungry go for a protein based snack instead.

睡前吃含糖的零食真的是个坏主意。糖会破坏人体体内的化学物质，导致人在夜间醒来。因此要控制晚间吃甜食的量，如果你饿了，去吃一些蛋白质为主的零食吧。

8. Alcohol before bedtime

睡前喝酒

Alcohol is a sedativeand therefore people get fooled into thinking it will help them get agood nights sleep. The reality is that it may initially induce sleep, however it usually drasticallyimpairs sleep during the second half of the night which leads to interrupted sleep patterns thatwill leave you feeling fatigued in the morning (not to mention the hangover!)

酒精有镇定作用，因此人们会误以为酒精能帮助睡眠。实际上酒精可能会在一开始促进人睡眠，但是它也常会在后半夜严重影响人的睡眠，打乱人的睡眠模式，让你在早上觉得很疲乏(更不用说还有宿醉了)。

9. TV in the bedroom

卧室里摆放电视

It can be easy to fall asleep on the couch in front of the TV. It’s important we don’t try andreplicatethis strategy in the bedroom though. The bedroom must only be associated withsleep. When you start to introduce mental stimulation such as a TV this can severely disruptyour sleep patterns.

坐在电视机前的沙发上很容易睡着，但重要的是我们不能在卧室里尝试这一 方法 。卧室应当只与睡眠有关，把电视机之类刺激神经的东西放进卧室会严重打乱你的睡眠模式。

10. Worrying about sleep

担心睡眠

If you’ve had a few bad nights sleep, then the worst thing you can do is worry too muchabout it. When we place too much focus on sleeping this can cause anxiety and only make theproblem worse. Try to go with the flow and let your body naturally get into a healthy sleeppattern.

当你几天都睡不好后，最糟糕的事情就是你还总是担心自己的睡眠。当我们把注意力过多放在睡眠上时，就会导致焦虑，而焦虑只会让睡眠问题变得更严重。试着顺其自然地让身体进入健康的睡眠模式吧。

医学科普文章英文版2

5个有害健康的常见生活习惯

Everyday health hazard 1: Lying

日常健康危害之1：撒谎

Whether you’re complimenting your best friend’s unflattering hairdo or “improvising”on thecost of your new designer shoes, we all tell the odd fibfrom time to time. However, accordingto research, those little white lies could be more harmful than you think. Lying can generatefeelings of stress which are damaging to your health, and a study by researchers at theUniversity of Notre Dame found that when people reduced the amount of lies they told theysuffered from less headaches, sore throats and anxiety.

无论你是在恭维你最好朋友那不讨喜的发型，或临时冲动购物买下最新名牌鞋，在这时候我们通常会撒一些古怪的小谎。但是最新的研究显示，即便是那些无害纯洁的小谎言也会带来意想不到的危害。撒谎会产生压力，而压力会损害你的健康。一项来自圣母大学的研究发现，当人们减少说谎话的次数时，他们就会减少头疼、咽喉疼痛和焦虑的患病次数。

Everyday health hazard 2: Eating at your desk

日常健康危害之2：办公桌上吃饭

If you’re having a busy day in work, it can be tempting to skip your lunch break and eat atyour desk. However, missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress levels, eating whiledistracted may also mean you are more likely to overeat. Furthermore, spending your lunchhour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you toharmful bacteria. According to a study by the University of Arizona, your work station containsnearly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat, making it a less than ideal place fordining.

如果你工作忙绿，你的午餐休息时间可能没了，就不得不在办公桌上吃午饭。然而错过了休息不仅会让你感到压力紧张，而且心烦意乱的你在这时候吃饭会导致你进食过量。此外，在办公桌上吃饭，你的身体不活动的时间就会增加，还会让你暴露在有害的细菌环境中。亚利桑那大学的研究 报告 显示，办公环境细菌量是马桶座圈平均量的400倍，你还想在这样的地方进餐吗?

Everyday health hazard 3: Housework

日常健康危害之3：家务

Need an excuse to put your feet up? Well, good news: research suggests that leaving thehousework for another day could give your health a boost! Research results published in theJournal of Family Psychology revealed that doing housework when you get home from workprevents levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) from lowering and reduces recovery fromstress. However, stress levels for both men and women were lowered by housework beingcompleted – just so long as they weren’t the ones doing it. Look after your health by takingturns to do the housework with other members of your household if possible, and take timeout to relax afterwards.

想找个理由不做家务?那有好消息了：研究显示，人们把 家务活 留到第二天做，身体会更棒!《家庭心理学》刊登了这篇研究报告，报告结果显示，当你下班回家后做家务活，皮质醇(压力荷尔蒙)的释放会被抑制。皮质醇能降低压力，还能缩短受压后的恢复时间。但是当家务被完成后，男性和女性的压力水平都会降低——只要做家务的不仅仅只有他或她。可以的话，你可以和家人分担家务，这样能让自己保持健康，还有家务过后记得要抽时间休息啊。

Everyday health hazard 4: Using cash machines

日常健康危害之4：使用自动提款机

Withdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us. However,cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets,and many of us are failing to wash our hands after using them. Experts assessed swabs fromthe key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they bothcontained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness. To look after your health, usean antibacterialhand gel once you have made your withdrawaland after handling money.

从自动提款机中提起现金是大多数人的日常习惯。然而一项英国的洁净测试显示，提款机和公厕一样脏，而且，大多数人在使用后都不会去洗手。专家们在自动提款机的键盘和附近的公厕中提取了样品，发现两者均含有同样致病菌。为了您的健康，请在提款和处理钱款后使用抗菌洗手液清洗。

Everyday health hazard 5: Cancelling plans

日常健康危害之5：取消计划

Find yourself frequently cancelling plans and bailing out on social events to have a bit oftime to yourself? Then it may be time to pay some attention to your social life. While a bit of‘me time’ is essential to good mental and physical health, too much time on your own canactually be bad for you. Research suggests that having strong social bonds promotes brainhealth, reduces feelings of depression and stress and encourages you to look after yourhealth. In fact, a study found that having few friends affects your longevityas much as smoking15 cigarettes a day.

发现自己频繁取消计划，还想摆脱社交活动，只为挤出属于自己的空闲时间?那么现在是时候在自己的社交生活中多多用心。拥有少量属于自己的时间，对于精神和身体方面是非常有益处的，但是太多属于自己的时间，反而有可能会害了你。研究显示，较强的社交联系有益于大脑的健康，同时能避免抑郁、降低压力，还能鼓励自己多关注自身的健康。事实上一项研究发现，没有朋友也会减少你的寿命，效果相当于1天抽15根烟。

医学科普文章英文版3

睡前玩iPad会影响睡眠质量

Using tablet computers like Apple’s iPad and Samsung’s Galaxy Note just before bed can lead toa poor night’s sleep, according to research.

More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, checkFacebook or email before switching off the light.

But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting agood night’s sleep.

That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime.

Blue light suppresses production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful during daylight hours.

By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not suppress melatoninproduction, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.

Neurologists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep- be they television screens, computer screens or mobile phone screens.

However, because mobiles and tablets are by nature portable - not to say addictive - morepeople are taking them into the bedroom.

Users also tend to hold them much closer to their eyes than a computer or television screen.

Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in NewYork, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours “leads to asuppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation at shortwavelengths” - in other words, they emit bluer light.

They say: “Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommendedthat if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that thetime spent on them before bed should be limited.”

They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they hadspent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours.

Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after thevolunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles,which cut out the blue light.

They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could "tune the spectral powerdistribution of self-luminous devices" so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.

It is not just a good night’s sleep that could be jeopardized by too much late night screentime.

Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk ofobesity, and even breast cancer.

However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic sleep disruption, suchas long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.

和同性恋倾向方面。本文拟从她成长的家庭、男权统治秩序及她幼年遭遇的性侵害来透视她的女权主义思想渊源。关键词：弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫；女权主义思想；家庭环境；男权统治；性侵害弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫堪称文学史上影响深远的作家之一，不仅因其以《到灯塔去》、《海浪》等作品扬起了意识流的风帆，而且还以《一间自己的房子》吹响了女权主义的号角。但在四、五十年代，英国文学评论界却对她颇有微词。从70 年代以来，在英国文学研究领域却又涌起了一股对她重新研究的热浪，人们研究她作品中的女性主义、她的意识流写作手法及其文学评论，甚至有人研究她的“发疯”、癖好、相貌等等，因此她再次成为现代主义文学研究关注的焦点。尤其是近年来，关于她的研究更多集中在其女权主义思想和同性恋倾向方面。但这位曾多次参与妇女解放运动、发表了无数关于妇女问题的论著及众多小说、并提出了许多女性文学话语权利的作家却“拒绝承认她所持的‘女权主义’立场，甚至对‘女权主义’这一称谓都十分反感”（伍厚凯，1999，p. 321）。那么，她到底是不是女权主义者？她的女权主义思想又是如何形成的？笔者以为，她的女权主义思想与她成长的家庭、男权统治下的社会大环境及早年所受的性侵害等密不可分。本文拟以多维视角透视她的女权主义思想渊源。笔者以为，伍尔夫之所以否认自己的女权主义立场，是因为任何文学作品一旦被贴上“主义”的标签，则和时代的政治背景休戚相关。而时代过去了，就意味着该作品也失去了其应有的光环。因此，几乎所有作家都不愿意其作品被冠以“主义”。伍尔夫也不例外。尽管她拒绝承认自己所持的“女权主义”立场，但她的小说却处处洋溢着饱满的女性意识。其处女作《远航》就漫画式地描绘了一个“女权主义者”形象。她高谈阔论，风头甚劲，试图为女性争得与男性平等的权利，但却处处以帝国的男性统治者和政客为楷模，潜意识里无法摆脱男权体制的控制。主人公这无奈的处境表明了作者的忧虑与彷徨，同时也启迪人们，妇女必须为争取权利而行动；《夜与日》运用了象征手法，“夜”代表女性，意指想象、情感和直觉，而“日”则代表男性，涵盖着对事实、理性和逻辑的崇尚。这一主题蕴涵了男女两性的对立互补，应相互融合的关系；在《雅各之室》里，作者凸现了男女两性之间无法协调的裂痕，也强调了两性之间的沟通无比重要；在《到灯塔去》中，兰萨姆夫妇的品质更是形成了鲜明的对比：男性死板僵化，恪守逻辑，女性灵活敏锐，无所不思，体现了女性对事物及人际关系深刻的洞察力；在弥漫着幻想色彩的《奥兰多》中，主人公经历了400 多年之久的人世变幻，其性别也在沧海桑田般世事变迁中阴阳交替：他由起初的翩翩少年、王室宠臣转而变成了花容月貌的少妇，并创作了47 部作品。在这个身兼两性的人物身上，无疑寄托了伍尔夫对于性别的思索，也是值得后世女权主义者反复玩味的不可忽视的杰作。在《一间自己的房子》里，她明确提出了“双性同体”的美学思想，这部著作可谓其女权主义思想成熟的标志。她批评作家执着于自己的性别，都用自己头脑的单一侧面在思考与写作，便都不是自由的、完美的。她指出这既不能归咎于男人，也【作者简介】李利（1965－），女，陕西蒲城人，西安外国语大学教育学院副教授；研究方向：外语教学、英美文学。对弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女权主义思想的多维透视75不能归咎于女人，应归罪于一切使人特别感觉到“性”的人以及他们所铸造的传统观念体系。她认为理想的艺术家应该是男性气质与女性气质的兼容，两性交融才是优秀作品的创作源泉。从以上作品的题旨，我们不难看出，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫无疑具有清醒的女权主义意识。虽然在以往的一些文学史中，她被认为是不食人间烟火、对政治漠不关心的唯美主义艺术家。然而，她的作品如《一间自己的房子》、《三基尼金币》、《论妇女与小说》、《论简·奥斯丁》及《空袭中的沉思》等却充分证明了她对妇女与文学及反男权战争的思考。她犀利的笔锋直指男权社会。她认为，男性撰写的历史使女性处于失语状态，阉割了女性作为人类的另一半的话语权；父权制使女性成为作家的道路举步维艰；相对于男性，妇女文学具有一些男人所无法企及的独特的品质；战争和男权有一种必然的内在联系，而女性品质则可以使人类避免自我毁灭的厄运。她将战争与男权联系起来，这独到的见解无疑表明她的性别立场。在纳粹炮声隆隆中，她以《三基尼金币》发布了独特的反战宣言。此后，她在给一名律师的信中反诘到：“难道不是父权制度使你们趋向战争吗？”她认为妇女天生具有和平、抚慰的特质，可以极大地缓解男人的攻击欲、狂妄和凶残。然而，“许多大门还对我们妇女关闭着，或者最多只是开启了一条小缝。”她还将家庭中的男权主义与政治上的法西斯主义关联起来：“众人的世界与自我的世界紧密联系，前者的暴政奴役衍化出后者的暴政与奴役。”在她看来，要解决战争问题首先得解决妇女问题。如果不解决男权统治下女性受教育和就业的问题，那么男性操纵世界的姿态便随时可能爆发战争。故而，她的《三基尼金币》“是那一时期批判上层人物和国家纠结在一起的纳粹精神的最激烈的作品”（ & ，1985，p. 1225）。由此可见，伍尔夫以其言其行彰显了女权主义思想从萌芽到成熟的艰辛历程。她不断追求男女平等，渴望用一种双性同体的心灵进行创作。同时，她又肯定了女性自己的文学传统和明显的女性风格的存在。毋庸质疑，她是女权主义思想举足轻重的发轫者之一。她这一思想的形成根植于其成长的家庭、男权统治下的社会体制及早年所遭遇的性侵害。她出生于 19 世纪末期的一个知识贵族之家，貌美惊人，才华横溢，气质非凡。其家学可谓源远流长，家庭成员大都受过良好教育，从事法律、教育、写作或在政府部门担任公职。父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬(1832-1904)是19 世纪的著名作家和编辑。姑妈卡罗琳·爱米丽亚打破世俗，终生未婚，写了许多著作宣传女权主义思想，对伍尔夫影响极大。另一位对她思想有所影响的女性是萨克雷的长女、莱斯利的前妻哈丽特的姐姐安妮·伊萨贝拉，伍尔夫亲切地称这位女作家、萨克雷著作编辑者、女权主义者为“安妮姨妈”。《夜与日》中的希尔伯里夫人即以其为原型。此外，伍尔夫受父母的影响根深蒂固，她反复申说对父母的回忆缠绕了自己终身。父亲正直、严格、富于理性和强烈的道德感是他突出的性格特征，但他身上也打下了深刻的时代烙印：维多利亚时代1 是一个典型的男权中心社会，男性家长享有至高无上的中心地位。父亲虽具有极高的文化修养和正直善良的品德，但仍无法摆脱那个时代男性对女性的普遍态度：既温柔又严厉，既尊重又轻视，潜意识里具有对女性的君临统治欲。他理论上相信妇女受教育的重要性，但实际却把钱都花在男孩身上。伍尔夫从年幼时就非常愤慨于父亲把全部资金都提供给男孩的良好教育，而女孩却只能接受杂七杂八的家庭教师的仁慈施舍，这种愤慨之情正是形成她女权主义思想的来源之一。而她母亲一生的奉献与所求也促使她反思女人的社会及家庭地位。她母亲是“一个美丽的19 世纪中产阶级的妇女”——“她似乎全面证实了维多利亚时代女性行为的典范”2，即男权中心的社会规范造就了与之相适应的女性，女性所承担的是妻子和母亲的角色，是相当繁重的家庭经济事务的管理者。她称母亲这类女性为“房子里的天使”3，是男权社会观照下的产物。母亲也认为“服务，就是女性最高天性的完全实现”。她的反女权主义者思想更是令伍尔夫为女性哀其不幸，鸣其不平。伍尔夫也曾在要么接受命运的摆布要么奋起抗争的两难境地1 维多利亚时代：维多利亚女王（Victoria, 1819-1901）统治时期，即1837-1901。2 Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf, 源于维多利亚时代一首描写理想家庭生活的流行诗歌，题目为《房子里的天使》，作者科文特里·帕特莫尔（Coventry Patmore,1823-1896）。对弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女权主义思想的多维透视76中挣扎徘徊。比如她早年偷偷到父亲的书房广泛阅读的经历有时就让她产生强烈的自卑感：“我，一个女人，有什么权利读所有这些由男人写出的东西？”（伍厚凯，1999，p. 29）。她对男性社会的这种怨羡情结实在是一时难以释怀，因此她文本中的女性人物大多也都怀有怨羡情结。所谓羡慕是人们对于具体的人或物的一种内心艳羡和仰慕，它唤起人的想象、幻想及仿效冲动；而怨恨则是一种内心的抱怨和仇恨，它激发嫉妒、报复或复仇的冲动。人们总是热切地羡慕着某种比自己优越和高级的人或物，但由于客观条件的限制，愈是羡慕却愈增怨恨，而愈是怨恨却愈增羡慕，从而导致一种怨恨与羡慕相互交织的深层体验心理。伍尔夫对于哥哥们能上大学、能和朋友自由通信探讨问题就羡慕至极，而这种羡慕就成了她更专注于阅读的直接契机，仿佛她正在同处于优势地位的兄弟们竞赛，同男权社会的教育制度进行着抗争。她的这种怨羡情结还表现在她对父亲的热爱与怨恨之中。她在1928 年11 月28 日的日记里这样写到：“今天是父亲的生日。他要是在世的话，就96 岁了，是的，今天96 岁：⋯⋯不过幸运的是没有。要是那样他的生命就会扼杀我的生命。会发生什么事呢？没有写作，没有作品——不可想象”（伍厚凯，1999，p. 33）。在母亲朱莉亚去世后，父亲的情感捕食便转而以儿女们为对象，她激愤地写到：“正是那个暴虐的父亲——那个苛刻的、暴烈的、做作的、佯装的、自怨自艾的、装聋作哑的、哀求的、时而可爱时而可恨的父亲——那时候统治着我。这就像和一头疯狂的野兽关在同一个笼子里”（伍厚凯，1999，p. 56）。从这些话语里，我们可以深切地感受到她所受到的精神煎熬。此外，导致她女权主义思想形成的另一个重要原因是来自男性的严重的性侵犯。她6 岁时就受到两个异父兄长的猥亵，一直延续到她22 岁。这种“羞耻感”极大地影响和扭曲了她的人格建构过程。她害怕照镜子，“照镜子的羞耻感持续了我的终生”（伍厚凯，1999，p. 61）。她埋藏在潜意识里的那种对性的恐惧极大地危害了她的心理健康，严重毁损了她的完整人生。她早年的这种强烈的性屈辱体验，促使她深刻反思女性的生存状态。她在叙述受杰拉德尔的猥亵时，说自己当时曾感到难以言说的愤怒和厌恶。这种感觉使她清醒地意识到，承受来自男性的性凌辱和性压迫，乃是女性难以逃避的历史命运。对她而言，侵害她的男性不仅代表着男性霸权社会对女性的性压迫，而且体现了男性的傲慢虚荣和强烈的权利之欲、统治之欲。因此，所有这些经历纠结在一起就构成了弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在思想体系或艺术创作方面极其明晰的女权主义思想。她的小说创作推动了现代小说的发展，她试图打破男女两性二元对立的格局，以自己独特的视角及艺术表现手法书写了女性的真实生存状态，她对女性社会的这种深刻透视奠定了其女权主义文学批评理论开拓者的地位，其文学影响可谓经久不衰。同时，作为才思敏捷、文采斐然的女作家，她也经历了常人难以想象的精神痛苦，但她告别人世时那种宽厚而平和的胸怀，宁静而恬淡的心境，尊严而优雅的风度，是对她丰富而超然的人生态度的最好诠释，是只有渗透了生命之奥秘后方可达到的境界。总之，她的生命哲理、妇女创作文学观、双性同体思想、女性主义文学批评理论等为人类在美学和文化领域的研究留下了无限的思索空间。参考文献：Jean Moorcraft Wilson. 1987. Virginia Woolf: Life and London. . Norton & Company, & . 1985. The Norton anthology of literary by women: The tradition in English. New York, London: Norton,1225.林树明. 多维视野中的女性主义文学批评[M]. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，2004.伍厚凯. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫：存在的瞬间[M]. 四川：四川人民出版社，1999.张岩冰著，王岳川主编. 女权主义文论[M]. 山东：山东教育出版社， of perspective on Virginia Woolf’s feminist ideology77LI LiAbstract: Virginia Woolf has been considered as the pioneer as well as the predominant feminist critic,hence, the emergence of heated research on her and her works especially after the 1970s. The research in recentyears has attached great importance to her feminist stance and lesbian inclination. This paper intends to analyzethe formation of her in view of her family background, the then androcentric social environment and the sexualharassment that she endured very early in her words: Virginia Woolf; feminist ideology; family background; androcentric social environment; sexualharassment