先说一些学习方法,第二段为考试方面的学习建议:1.收听英语气象报告 2.善用录音带锻炼听说能力 3.听正常语速的英语,才能加速听力的进步 4.从电视,电影中学习英语 5.和朋友表演影片情节 6.唱歌学英语 特别注意英文没有的发音 7.背诵名人演说词,找机会复诵出来 8..用英语绕口令克服发音的缺点 9.多记一些幽默笑话,准备随时应用 10.听英语时,口中跟着复诵 11.练习朗读,好处多多 12.练习朗读时要从后面往前推演 13.朗读长句时,可在“词组”之间稍做停顿 14.为了兴趣而阅读 15.精读和泛读并行 16.阅读英文报刊杂志 17.暂时忘掉字典18.查字典之前,要猜猜看 19.查字典不要只看词义 20.多查几本字典,互相印证,互为补充 21.读的出,才能记得牢22.字典查过之后,暂时别合起来 23.要培养英语的语感,请用英英字典 24.利用前缀和后缀扩充词汇 25.留心英文的词汇搭配 26.把被动词汇转变为主动词汇 27.用自由联想法复习学过的单词 28.利用生活中的小插曲或社会上的偶发事件学习英文 29.累积实用的佳句,整理制作成卡片 30.把当天发生的事情,用英语写成日记31.用英文写阅读摘要 32.把生活体验写成英文作文,或做口头发表 33.随时用英文思考,用英文记录 34.不必对自己苛求完美 35.发挥创意,多做尝试考试方面的学习建议:听力: 听力部分是在考试里面最容易拿分数的部分。
最开始的时候,我连听voa special english都很困难。我的方法是:一个sp要听4-5次,把里面不懂的英语单词的发音,含义全部搞清楚,然后每天坚持2个小时的听力训练,狂攻sp。
如果没事,就拿一个MP3吊耳朵,让自己慢慢习惯英语语境。2个月后,我听了一盘四级英语考试磁带,发现自己原来根本听不明白的东西变的简单了。
所以还是绝对值得的。2:单词 这是一个老生常谈的话题,大家知道,单词是英语的础,没有单词,就好象建大厦没有砖头,只能幻想空中楼阁。
但是被单词又被大家认为是最难,最枯燥的事情。基础好的朋友可以通过阅读学单词,但是对基础不好的,这点根本行不通。
整篇文章都看不太明白,还谈什么学单词呢?既然咱们现在水平不行,就要拿出比别人更的努力。我背单词的草稿纸已经放满了一个大箱子。
大家肯定有这种经验,前不久背了的单词,很快就忘记了,那么该怎么办呢?我当时是每天固定背30-40个左右的单词,第二天复习前一天的单词,然后每个礼拜天,花1小时把一个礼拜的单词复习一下,每一个月又花几个小时把一个月的单词复习一次。不懂的单词全部记下来。
3:阅读 阅读在我看来,就是通过增加阅读量,提高阅读速度,掌握一定的阅读技巧。 最开始的时候,因为基础比较差,太难的文章肯定不适合基础差的朋友。
先可以看一些"书虫"(高中水平)一类的改编小说,练练感觉。当单词量积累到一定程度以后,就可以正式开始提高阅读水平了。
把题里的句子、单词都弄明白,并且对其中的难句做一定的分析,特别是语法结构。这里有一个问题:最开始你做题目的时候准确率会很低,千万别灰心,坚持下去,从每一篇阅读里面吸取精华,很快就会发现:阅读真的没那么可怕。
4:作文 这里我记得一个提高班的英语老师说过的一句话:读书破万卷,下笔如有神。作文一个字:背!如果你背了很多很多范文,作文不会低分的。
但是我建议在背的同时,可以用一个小本子,把一些很精彩的句子抄下来,经常看看,并举一反三。同样一个句子,用在不同的地方,会有不同的效果最后:要对自己有信心,相信自己,付诸努力,坚持下来,你一定能行 答案补充 1.外籍教师说:每天听半小时英语,培养语感(注意,是无意识地听),我们小时候也是这样才学会说话的。
你可以在休闲中播,但只可以是半小时! 2.抄得多自然熟,知识点抄抄抄。 3.设立错题本(非常有效),把错的答案,为什么错,列出来 4.要对英语充满兴趣,细细体味英语中的词语表达精妙之处。
5.我跟你说!你每天要看以两段文字,如果没有时间,那就考试前一个星期每天看两篇!这样可以保持考试的阅读速度! 6.抄的单词本你们要复习啊! 7.找一个外国歌手做你的偶像,把他(她)的歌听完全 .8.多看中英对照文章,这样对你的翻译语感非常有帮助.。
原发布者:乐读文库
Contents一、写作要求二、写作技巧三、评分原则和方法四、书信类应用文五、备忘录/报告六、摘要七、告示类应用文八、2005—2011小作文考察类型LiuShenghua写作部分考生应能写不同类型的应用文,全国硕士研究生入学统一考试包括私人和公务2013年大纲信函、备忘录、报告等,以及一1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词般描述性、叙述恰当;性、说明性或议2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;论性的文章。写3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、作时,考生应能:连贯;4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当选用语域*。*考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行,因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。*指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语。LiuShenghua一、写作要求考研英语小作文多是不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函(如:辞职信、道歉信、感谢信等)、备忘录、摘要、报告等.它的形式是给出提示要点,要求考生根据要求表达清楚要点。尽管它并不需要华丽的词藻和吸引阅卷人眼球的文采。但是,它还是需要考生在平时的复习中点滴积累,适当训练。以言简意赅的词句及一定的逻辑性,将事情叙述清楚,表意明确。小作文类型:感谢信(thanks),祝贺信(congratulation),
In the weekeng ,I had a lot of things to finished my homework as quickly as I can,then I helped my mother to do some housework,for example,cleaned the floor,washed some my mother was very happy about the evening,our family watched TV together in the sitting room! We had enjoyed ourselves!。
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原发布者:2012houzi2012
英语六级作文万能模板及美句一、常见开头1:Itiswell-knowntousthat……(我们都知道……)==Asfara *** yknowledgeisconcerned,…(就我所知…)2:Recentlytheproblemof……ha *** eenbroughtintofocus.==Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover……(最近……问题引起了关注)3:Nowadays(overpopulation)ha *** eeaproblemwehavetoface.(现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)4:Interha *** *** roughtalotofbenefit *** uthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)5:Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmorepeoplebelievethat……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……)6:Itisamonbeliefthat……==Iti *** onlybelievedthat……(人们一般认为……)二、阐述观点1:People'sviewson…………However,other *** elievethat……(人们对……的观点因人而异,有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……)2:Peoplemayhavedifferentopinionson……(人们对……可能会持有不同见解)3:Attitudestowards(drugs)varyfrompersontoperson.==Differentpeople
英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分: How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I'm pleased to hear that you're ing to China for a visit. I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 结尾部分: With best wishes. I'm looking forward to your reply. I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分: Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分: All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we'll have a discussion in groups. Please e on time and don't be late. 结束语部分: Please e and join in it. Everybody is wele to attend it. I hope you'll have a nice time here. That's all. Thank you. 议论文模板 1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入: 第1段:Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should。
(导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文: 第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First。 Second。
Finally。(列出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place。
What's more。 In addition。
(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论: 第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点) オ 2.“A或者B”类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文: 第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that 。 Another reason is that。
(赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent。 (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论: 第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that 。
(得出结论) オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下) 正文: 第2段:First of all。 Secondly。
Besides。(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论: 第3段:In conclusion, I believe that。
(照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构) 4."How to"类议论文模板: 导入: 第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文: 第2段: Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all。 Another way to solve the problem is 。
Finally。(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论: 第3段:These are not the best but the only o/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to。
(强调解决此类问题的根本方法) 图表作文写作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明). We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化, the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述). Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论).The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). It is high time that we (发出倡议). 图画类写作模板:1.开头 Look at this picture./The picture shows that。/From this picture, we can see。
/As is shown in the picture。/As is seen in the picture。
2.衔接句 As we all know, 。/As is known to all,。
/It is well known that。/In my opinion,。
/As far as I am concerned,。/This sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 3.结尾句 In conclusion。
/In brief。/On the whole。
/In short。/In a word。
/Generally speaking。/As has been stated..。
(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为……
2.另一些人认为……
3.我的看法……
The topic of ①——(主题)is being more and more popular recently. There are o sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②——(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③——理由二)。 Moreover, ④——(理由三)。
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,——(支持B的理由一)。 Secondly (besides),⑥——(理由二)。 Thirdly (finally),⑦——(理由三)。
From my point of view,I think ⑧——(我的观点)。 The reason is that ⑨——(原因)。 As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2)给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①——(观点一)。 For example, they think ②——(举例说明)。And it will bring them ③——(为他们带来的好处)。
In my opinion,I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④——(我不同意该看法的理由一)。 For another thing, ⑤——(反对的
baidu., for it will do us more harm than good:第2段: But if all these factors are considered..;In short:导入..Please time and don't be late../././. The reason for this.: Many ways can help to solve this serious problem..:How nice to hear from you again:第3段:'d appreciate it if you could reply earlier:'m writing to for your help during my stay in America. Others.. (反方观点)Their reasons are as follows./:There are many reasons why I prefer hope you'll have a nice time here:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student。.", I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages, the others are strongly against it. What's more:In conclusion..2./, we can see, but the following may be most effective? I have an announcement to make;How to".参考自追问我看到过和这一样的。
一、关于“人物”的英语作文模板
凡是有关人物的作文题目,都可以用这个模板。要求写类似“我的妈妈”、“我的好朋友”„„„时,请将文中的'teacher'改为'my mother'、'my friend'等等。
My Intimate Friend我亲密的朋友 The one I love most 我爱的人
The Best Teacher I Ever Had我曾经遇到的最好的老师 My Clas *** ate我的同学 Friendship 友谊 My Teachers 我的老师
My Favorite Teacher我最喜欢的老师
A Good Teacher to remember 一个难忘的好老师
The Most Unfettable Friend I Have Ever Met我所遇到过的最难忘的朋友
二、我喜爱的事作文模板
我喜爱的事作文模板
Styles of Living各种生活方式 Ways to Keep Fit保持健康的方式 How To Keep Healthy 如何保持健康 Good Health健康的体魄
My Favorite TV Program我最喜欢的电视节目
The Sports Activities I Like Best我最喜欢的体育运动 My hobbies我的业余爱好
My Favorite TV Program我最喜欢的电视节目 My Favorite Hobby我最喜欢的爱好
Happy Things in My Childhood童年趣事
How I Spend My Spare Time我的业余时间怎么过 My College Life我的大学生活 Styles of Living各种生活方式
My Favorite Television program我最喜爱的电视节目 About Doing Physical Exercise关于体育锻炼
注:这个模版的类型也比较好确认。改起来也比较容易,例如,要改为“My Favorite Television program”时,在开头处加上一句话“My Favorite Television program is Basketball Playing.”,在结尾处加“So, I like the Basketball Playing television program very much.”
三、英语作文“节日计划”模板
类似写节日的文章都可套用这一类模版
My Plan for the May 1st Holiday 我的计划 My Plan for the Spring Festival 我的春节计划 My Plan for Summer Vacation 我的暑假计划 How I Spend My Spare Time我的业余时间怎么过
四、有关城市、家乡的作文模板 有关城市、家乡的作文模板 My Hometown我的故乡
Living in a Big city生活在大城市里 The City I Like Best我最喜欢的城市
An Unfettable Experience 难忘的经历 My Plan for Summer Vacation 我的暑假计划
类似以上题目的作文题目都可以套用“家乡/城市”这样的短文。如要改成“My Plan for Summer Vacation 我的暑假计划”这样的作文,将第一句改为“My summer vacation plan is to visit handan. ”;将最后一句改为“I Hope you can also go there ”
满意请采纳
在日常的学习、工作、生活中,大家都尝试过写作文吧,作文是人们以书面形式表情达意的言语活动。一篇什么样的作文才能称之为优秀作文呢?下面是我为大家整理的话题英语作文10篇,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
do you know how we can keep a healthy lifestyle? now let me tell you. we should de exercise every day. for example, we can run in the morning and play ping-pong in the evening. we should eat healthy food every day. we try to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits. and we shouldn’t eat too much junk food, because it is not good for our health. at night, we can drink some milk.
but we shouldn’t drink coffee. we should get up early and sleep early. and we shouldn’t watch tv and surf the internet for too long time. we should sleep nine hours every night.
a good healthy lifestyle helps us get good grades. good food and exercise help us to study better.
i have a healthy body, because i have a healthy lifestyle. i exercise every day, usually when i come home from school. my eating habits are pretty good. i try to eat a lot of vegetables. i eat fruit and drink milk every day.
but i never drink coffee, because my mom says, it is too bad for my health. i love junk food, too. but i eat it only once a week. i sleep nine hours every night. good food and good rest can help me to study better! and my healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades!
考研英语作文因其所占分值比重大,一直受到同学们的重视,而作文B部分考什么也成为小伙伴们关心的话题。老师今天将和大家一起来探讨下。
1.近十年考研英语作文话题分析
在分析了近十年的作文考题后,文都老师发现:20xx-2014年的大作文是惊人的相似,怎么说?这些年考的都是图画作文,体裁都是议论文,字数为160-200字,分值为20分。其中,20xx年的养老足球赛、20xx年偶像崇拜的思考和20xx年乐观心态是成功的关键,及20xx年合作的重要性,这四年英语作文的题材都是青年面对社会该如何做的相关话题。20xx年的乐观和20xx年的选择也是如此。20xx年网络的近与远和20xx年文化火锅既营养,又美味中的文化不仅指网络文化,也指我国东西方文化交融的现象。20xx年的旅程之余,则是人们多年来一直关心的`环境问题,尤其是全球气温回升、自然灾害频发后,这一问题更是得到前所未有的重视。20xx年的相携则是讲述我们都很熟悉的两代关系。
但文都老师要提醒小伙伴们注意的是:当年的热门话题并不一定是当年考研的重点。比如:20xx年的雪灾,很多地区都深受其害,许多百姓流离失所,我们的国家也高度重视,积极进行救助,但这并不是20xx年作文考试的话题。又如20xx年,这一年发生了令人刻骨铭心的汶川地震,无数人在此次地震中家园尽毁,甚至失去宝贵的生命,现场惨不忍睹。国家积极组织救援,并在灾后开展重建工作,全国各地也有无数的自愿者积极参与救助,帮助灾区人民重建家园。但这也不是20xx年考研的话题。如此类推,20xx年有两大重要的、且和我们息息相关的事情,它们成为20xx考研英语作文话题的可能性也不太大。第一,高校职业化。即学术型人才的培养都将由211、985学校承担,而地方性二本及二本以下的院校都将转做职业化教育,这是今后高校人才培养模式变革的方向。第二,严格高考加分政策,取消奥数等的加分,这将有利于建设一个更平等的竞争平台,更有利于促进社会公平。
2.考研英语作文常考话题总结
总的来说,考研英语作文有六大常考话题:⑴健康,如1997,1998年的大作文;⑵两代关系,一共考过3次,即1992,1993,20xx;⑶爱心,1995,20xx和20xx年的小作文;⑷环境,如1999,20xx和20xx年的小作文)⑸青年面对社会,即20xx,2004,20xx,2008;⑹文化,1993,20xx,2009,20xx。也就是说,考研英语作文的话题是人们普遍关注,并具有永恒价值的当代中国社会问题。且考当年热点的可能性不大,都是次热门或中性的话题。
老师相信,如果小伙伴们能够抓住常考话题的本质,认真学习已经考过的范文,并进行融会贯通,灵活运用,作文对你们来说并非难事。因为这些题之前你都学过,都做过,都考过!那么。在考研英语中夺得高分也将会变得易如反掌!
初中生是否可以使用手机呢?
At present, telephones are becoming more and more popular in the middle school. Whether students can take telephone to school, different people have different opinions about this question.
Some people think it's good for students, because it's more convenient for them to contact to others. Our parents can get to us quickly when they need. However, some other people do not agree with them. They think the students who use the telephone will play games, watch movies, send messages and so on, even during the class, which will do harm to them. In my opinion, bring phone to school is not a bad idea, if we use it properly. To some extend, it would be good for our study. If we take it to school, we must sure that we won’t use it during the class.
目前,在中学学校电话正变得越来越流行。无论学生还是老师都可以带手机去学校,对于这个问题,不同的人有不同的意见。
有些人认为这是为学生好,因为它更方便他们联系到其他人。我们的父母我们很快可以得到他们需要的时候。但是,其他一些人不同意。他们认为,学生使用电话的人玩游戏,看电影,发送邮件等,甚至在课堂上,这会害了他们。在我看来,带手机上学是个不错的主意,如果我们正确使用它。在某种程度上,这将有利于我们的研究。如果我们把它带到学校,我们必须确保我们不会用它在课堂上。
The English speech contest is always the focus in every university. It is not only a kind of heated competition to select a few students with the best English fluency , but a festival for English learners to get together and learn from each other.
As a contestant,I think one should be confident and full of hope. Although there must be many competent candidates,you are one of them. Most of the time self-assurance will help you a lot to get to the very end of the game. Another important point one should bear in mind is that speech contest is a unique form of speaking. It involves many special techniques , such as advocating,stressing certain words,and make some gestures. After learning the article by heart,one should do more practice in performing,that is to say,in how to deliver the speech. Last but not least, one should have proper attitude towards the final results. You should not emphasize too much on the ranking. It will only exist for the time being. As long as you have learned something through the contest, it's not a waste of time, and you will be quite clear about the direction for your future efforts.
To sum up,English speech contest is a kind of beneficial activity, which deserves the active participation of every college student.
Last weekend our school had a school camping activities.
I joined in the activities with my close classmate who's name is Tom. We arrived the destination at 10:00 . The leader told us " Now you can find a place where you want and put your stuffs on the ground. " Tom and I collected the leaves of maple and spruce there are many different colors and are beautiful. We saw the other students were watching the ants that are moving the food the ants are line up walking like army troop it's very funny.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reserving a Seat. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:
1)很多大学里占座现象十分普遍
2)这种现象会带来哪些影响
3)你对此的看法
Reserving a Seat
We often see there is a table cloth, a book or something else on the desk in the classroom or library, indicating the seat is taken. This kind of phenomenon is very usual in almost all colleges and universities. Strangely enough, most of students seem to take this for granted, and few will protest it.
Though most of students taking seats in advance is for better study, this kind of phenomenon has great negative effects. On the one hand, it is a selfish behavior, which damages other students interests. Sometimes even if many students come to the classroom very early, they can not find a seat. On the other hand, reserving a seat violates the rule of fairness. No matter how late you come to class, the seat is still reserved for you even though many others are eager for that seat.
Considering the above-mentioned, I think, it is high time that we college students took a good look of our behavior. Indeed, only if all of us can improve our consciousness, it is not a difficult task for us to get rid of this kind of phenomenon reserving a seat.
This picture is simple but significant. As is vividly shown in the picture, wearing traditional Chinese costume, a foreigner is saying “Happy New Year” to a Chinese girl in Chinese, even though his pronunciation is not accurate enough. There is no doubt that the picture implies that a growing number of foreigners are starting to be interested in Chinese culture in this day and age.
Why should this phenomenon take placeThere are generally three factors accounting for it. First of all, due to the fast economic and social development, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. Accordingly, international cultural exchange is becoming increasingly frequent. Besides, learning traditional Chinese culture, which is priceless spiritual treasure, can give those foreign friends a new perspective of the outside world. Last but not least, this kind of cultural exchange is beneficial for both our Chinese and foreign friends to broaden our horizons, widen our knowledge, and eich our experience.
From what has been discussed above, we may come to a conclusion that our traditional culture is popular among the whole world and should be preserved and cherished. Therefore, the mass media, such as television, radio and Internet should try best to propaganda and advocate it. As for ourselves, we should cultivate the awareness of learning national culture. Only in this way can we have opportunities to expect a more vigorous and prosperous world to come.
Relax Yourself
What does it mean to relax?Despite hearing this term thousands of times during the course of our lives, very few people have deeply considered what it's really about.
When you ask people (which I have done many times) what it means to relax, most will answer in a way that suggests that relaxing is something you plan to do later you do it on vacation, in a hammock, when you retire, or when you get everything else done. This implies, of course, that most other times should be spent nervous, agitated, rushed, and frenzied. Very few actually come out and say so, but this is the obvious this explain why so many of us operate as if life were one great big emergency?
It is useful to think of relaxation as a quality of heart that you can access on a regular basis rather than something reserved for some later time. You can relax now. It's helpful t remember that relaxed people can still be superachievers and, in fact, that relaxation and creativity go hand in I'm feeling uptight, for example, I don't even try to write. But when I feel relaxed, my writing flows quickly and easily.
As is shown above, in the middle of the cartoon stands + 主题词,which symbolizes + 主题词的另一种表达,+ 同位语即主题词第三种表达 + 表示主题词动作的非谓语动词。
例如:in the middle of the cartoon stands a hot pot,which symbolizes culture,the one containing many Chinese culture symbol. The drawer's intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking.
It is therefore safe to draw the conclusion that + 主题词 + is momentous and fundamental to the mind what food is vital and significant to the body.
Not only I, but also the best philosophers and poets also praise that this concept should be a permanent universal values. Obviously, I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two.
Initially, the millennia-long run of + 主题词 + left us with a lot of traditions that are extremely profoundly rooted. 加拓展句:主题词 is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark around us becomes.
比如:爱心/自信/亲情/团结/坚持/诚信/友谊/乐观的态度/是一种情感的力量,无论我们周围有多么的黑暗,它都能支持我们。
Additionally, our government's effective measures and policies are playing a significant role in the realization of such a situation(加拓展句:without 主题句,the heart would break.上面的主题词都可以套进去,比如:没有爱心,心灵将会枯竭。)
Just as an old Arab proverb has it, there is a growing tendency for the public in the west to think the significance of + 主题词.
From what has been discussed above, the most important thing is not to say, but instead to do. Chinese citizens are expected to enhance their awareness that it is an indispensable part for the construction of harmonious society. Only in this way, can we /our country/ the individual have a glorious future.
I think healthy habits are very important for of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health. Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our , we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.
英语文学是英语专业学生的一门重要的课程,对于英语学生的自身能力的提升具有十分重要的意义。下面是我为大家整理的英语文学方向毕业论文,供大家参考。
摘要:教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养,同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养,不断提升自身的英语文学素养,促进自身的全面发展。
关键词:英语文学;大学生
一、大学生英语文学素养培养的现状
大学生的英语文学素养的培养非常重要,然而在大学的英语教学中教师对于学生文学素养的重视不够,并且学生自身没有较强的意识注重文学素养的培养。大学的英语教学,尤其是非英语专业的英语教学,主要是大学英语课程的教学,在教学中对于学生的文学素养培养没有足够的重视。第一,大学英语的教学主要以学生语言技巧为主,以英语词汇、知识点、语法等为主要讲授内容,教师很少讲授到英美文学的知识,也较少布置有关文学阅读的任务,对于大学生的英语文学素养培养非常不利。第二,英语四级、六级考试,作为国家级考试对于学生的学习要求也主要为英语语言自身的应用,但是对于英语文学方面没有很多的要求,影响着全国大学生的英语学习。从学生角度来说,大学生尤其是非英语专业的学生对于英语兴趣不高,很少学生去阅读英语文学的相关资料,或者有兴趣但是英语能力不足,慢慢失去了对于英语文学的喜爱
二、大学生英语文学素养培养的策略
针对大学生英语文学素养的现状,我们必须注重大学生英语文学素养的培养,从多方面提高大学生的英语文学素养,促进大学生的全面发展。
第一,英语课堂上教师注意培养学生对于英语文学的兴趣。大学的英语课,多是大学英语的课程,很多非英语专业学生英语基础较差,对英语不感兴趣,对于英语文学的兴趣就更小。为了提高大学生的英语文学素养,在英语课堂上教师可以注意学生文学的兴趣培养。在讲授教学内容时,继续增强学生对英语语言的喜爱,恰当地为学生介绍文学作品,联系更多的文学信息,将教学内容与英美的文学知识结合在一起,引起学生对英语文学的兴趣。
第二,教学内容多介绍英语文学的相关知识,带领学生学会文学赏析、评论等。大学英语教学的主要内容都是大学英语课程的内容,教师讲授教学内容时比较偏重与英语语言的应用,对于文学作品的分析、文学作品的赏析进行地很少。为了培养学生的英语文学素养,教师可以讲课时注意突出与教学内容相关的文学知识,在为学生讲解知识点的同时带领学生去学习如何赏析文学作品,对于文学作品进行分析评论,为学生推荐适合的文学作品,让学生从文学作品中获得更多的知识,也获得更多的关于世界、人生的思考。
第三,课上教师采取灵活多样的教学方法来进行英语文学的熏陶。在英语教学过程中,教师采取丰富多彩的教学方式和手段来引导学生对英语文学的兴趣,提升学生对文学的敏感度,促进学生的文学积累。一方面,教师可以将文学学习与电影结合起来。很多的文学作品,尤其是经典的文学作品都被后人拍成电影或者电视,而电影、电视是学生容易接受的方式,而且对于学生来说更具吸引力,在电影中学生对于文学作品有所了解,对于英语语言的应用也更清晰。另一方面,教师应该充分利用网络资源,引导学生接触更多的英语文学知识和作品。在当今时代,接触文学不仅靠书籍,还可以更好地利用网络资源。在信息飞速的时代,教师可以积极引导学生利用网络进行文学阅读和文学思考。
第四,布置课下文学的延伸任务,定期检验学生的完成情况。在英语教学过程中,教师要布置恰当的文学阅读任务和文学赏析作业。根据教学内容,向学生推荐英语文学作品,要求学生完成文学作品的相关任务,鼓励学生在进行文学阅读和赏析的任务过程中,进行思考分析,获得更多的知识和思考。对于布置的文学任务,可以定期进行检查,通过写阅读反思、影评等来检验学生对于文学作业的完成情况。
第五,学生自身要转变观念,变被动培养为主动提高。大学生为了就业,更多的人都选择学习实用性强的课程,对于短期内实用效果较小的文学学习却很忽略。要提高大学生的英语文学素养,学生首先要从思想上转变以前的观念,意识到文学学习和提高文学素养对于自身发展的重要性,重视自身英语文学素养的培养。其次在课堂上和课下主动进行文学作品的阅读和学习,配合教师的文学学习的教学,积极完成教师布置的文学相关作业将文学素养的培养当成一项长期的活动。教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养,同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养,不断提升自身的英语文学素养,促进自身的全面发展。
参考文献
1、基于思维过程的高中英语文学阅读思维型课堂教学架构兰春寿课程.教材.教法2015-12-01期刊1
2、 英语专业体裁文本依托文学课程体系改革效果分析景婧外语界2015-08-25期刊
摘要:总之,动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程,也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。
关键词:英语文学;研究生
一、汉语的“动态”与英语的“静态”
动词是表示人或事物动作、行为、发展、变化的词,是最复杂、最活跃的一种词类。英、汉两种语言对动词的概括意义是一样的,但动词的数量及使用频率与方式却并不一样。从总体修辞效果来看,英语呈“静态”,汉语呈“动态”,亦即,英语有一种少用(谓语)动词而用其他手段;而汉语则有一种多用动词的固有习惯。英语每个句子中只能使用一个限定式动词(并列谓语除外);而汉语中却存在着“连动式”和“兼语式”,如“他到了火车站发现火车已经开走了”,及紧缩句,如“我们下雨也去”。英语的限定动词只能做谓语,而汉语中的动词(包括动宾词组、主谓词组等)不仅做谓语,也可做主语,如“理论联系实际是我们党的优良传统”,宾语,如“鲁迅主张打落水狗”,定语,如“讨论的问题很重要”,状语,如“一定要批判地继承我国的文学艺术遗产”和补语,如“小溪旁那些女人们听得笑起来了”。汉语是一种离不开动词的语言,除了部分句子(即名词谓语句如“今天星期六”和形容词谓语句如“他这几天心情很好”)以外,大量的句子都不止使用一个动词,有的句子几乎全句都是动词,如“打得赢就打,打不赢就走,不怕没办法”。汉语的动词还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词,如“走走”、“商量商量”、“看一看”、“打打闹闹”,而英语的动词却不能。另外汉语中为数不多的介词,也大都是从古代汉语动词演变而来的,有些还具备动词的一般特点,称为“半动词”,“副动词”,“汉语中的绝大多数的‘介词’,应该划归动词的范畴,只是入句时,表现了相当于英语介词的作用”,如“他在家”中的“在”为动词,而“他在家看书”中的“在”则为介词。
二、“动态”与“静态”的思维根源
汉语“动态”与英语“静态”之差异,其深层原因在于汉、英民族思维方式的差异:即汉民族重形象思维、重悟性,而西方人重抽象思维、重理性。汉文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”,汉民族习惯于“观物取像”,即取万物之象,加工成为象征意义的符号来反映、认识客观事物的规律,形成了偏重形象,即偏重具体的思维方式;西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”,注重逻辑与形式论证,形成了以概念、判断和推理为思维形式,偏重抽象的思维方式。这种思维形式的不同在语言上表现为:英语语言常常使用大量的涵义概括、指称笼统的抽象名词来表达复杂的理性概念,因而显得“虚”和“静”;而汉语则习惯于形象语言,用形象的方法来表达抽象的事物,动词的形象性即满足了中文的需求,由于大量地使用动词,汉语言因而显得“实”和“动”。另外,汉民族相比于西方人更倾向于注重悟性,汉语由意念贯通,行文造句不需要严格的语法规则来规范,词的用法也非常灵活,动词的使用即非常灵活。汉语的动词由于没有形态变化的约束,使用起来十分自由、灵活,可以充当句子的各种成分,也可以连用形成连动式和兼语式,还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词,动词的大量使用使汉语的表达呈现“动态”的倾向。与之相反,西方人更注重理性,注重形式论证,在语言上表现为形态的外漏和形式上的完整,因此行文造句需要严格的语法规则来规范。英语句子有严谨的主谓结构,一个句子结构通常只使用一个谓语动词,大量本应该用动词表达的概念,只能用非谓语动词来表达,或借助于动词以外的词类,主要是由动词派生而来的名词,有时还要借助于介词、副词及由动词转化而来的形容词,这样便产生了动词的虚化和弱化,使得英语的表达呈现“静态”的倾向。
三、汉译英中动词的处理
鉴于学生动态英译文的问题,从“动态”与“静态”这一修辞差异入手来探讨汉译英中汉语动词(不包括判断动词和能愿动词)的处理,应是汉译英教学中的非常重要的一讲。
(一)单动词汉语句子中动词的处理
“英语的静态修辞的实质是名词优势和介词优势,而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结”。英语倾向于用名词(词组)来表达汉语用动词所表达的概念,即动作、行为、状态等,尤其在科技、法律、政治等正式文体中更是如此。这不仅使英语句子简洁紧凑,也避免了将人牵涉进来,从而使语句意义更加含蓄、间接,符合英民族表达习惯,因而句子优美。因此,在有些情况下,汉语动词并不是译成英语动词,而是要遵循英语的这一修辞特点,进行必要的词性转换,即动词向名词和介词的转化(如a和b),有时也转化成副词和形容词(如c和d)等,使译文符合英语的句法规律,因而更加地道、更显文采。a.他很贪嘴。.这不符合我们党的政策.ThisisnotinkeepingwithourParty’.桌布铺上了吗?Istheclothon?d.他怀疑我的动机。Heissuspiciousofmyintentions.
(二)多动词汉语句子中动词的处理
汉语注重“动态”描写,一个句子中往往会涌现大量的动词,但并不会引起句子的臃肿和混乱.汉语的动词可以作句子的不同成分;一个句子中可以连用两个或更多的动词作谓语,有时一个句子中会集结异常大量的动词,按照各动作实际上的时间顺序或逻辑上的因果次序,将事件一一如实说出,甚至尽量省略关系词以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果。因此在将汉语句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补的动词译成英语时,有的可以省译,有的要进行词性转换或译成非限定动词;在将汉语的连动式结构译成英文时,首先要确定一个主要动词,作为谓语动词,与主语形成SV主干,构成全句中心,其他动词有的可以省译,有的作为次要动词进行词性转换或译成非限定动词、独立主格结构,打破汉语的时间或事理顺序,运用英语所富有的各种关系词或关系手段,适当地将它们嫁接到句子的中心主干上,形成空间立体布局,使句子语义层次分明。当然,在将连动式结构译成英文时,若有两个或以上动词都该是英译文中的谓语动词,则应将其译成并列谓语。但译文谓语动词如果铺排过多,就会显得很累赘,语义层次很不分明,带有浓厚的汉语色彩,这时,应首先采取断句处理。
总之,动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程,也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。这个过程完成得好,译文就符合英语语言的规范,这个过程完成得不好,译文就会汉化,妨碍了原文内容的确切表达。我们的学生动辄用动词写英语句子,而且多是小短句或简单的复合句,带有浓厚的汉语气息,主要是受汉语“动态”修辞的影响。因此在汉译英教学中,我们一定要引导学生用英语的“静态”修辞进行思维,克服汉语“动态”修辞的影响,为汉译英实践打下良好的基础。
参考文献
1、加拿大英语文学在中国的译介(1949—2009)——兼论社会文化对文学翻译的制约朱振武; 綦亮上海大学学报(社会科学版)
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