托福论文范文

托福备考的过程中，要想写作取得优势，多阅读一些 范文 是十分有必要的，下面我给大家带来托福写作高分 范文大全 ，快来学习吧!

托福写作高分范文大全1

Task：It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?.

托福写作模板范文参考：

We all crave knowledge, especially in this Age of Information, but what is the best source of knowledge? Are we to believe Albert Camus, who stated” The place we are to get knowledge is in books”? Or are we better served by following Albert Einstein's counsel that “The only source of knowledge is experience”? Although books have their place in one's learning, there is no substitute for experience; indeed, it is experience that is ultimately the most important source of knowledge.

First, let us consider the knowledge needed to undertake a profession-for example, that of a physician. Knowledge gained from books provides the foundation of a doctor's training: study in a medical school begins with a near-overload of reading on anatomy, physiology and maladies both rare and common. However, during this time the medical student is also learning through experience, beginning with dissecting cadavers from almost the first day of medical school. Then, the aspiring physician must complete four years of residency, consisting of actual supervised experience at a hospital in which he or she now must put into practice all of the knowledge he or she has edge of dealing with patients, prescribing medication, and the joy and sadness of saving and losing patients; in other words, it is through experience that these residents finally learn what it means to be a doctor.

What about knowledge other than professional expertise-for example, knowledge about another culture? In this realm as well, both books and real-life experience enrich and edify us. For example, Paris is perhaps the most talked-about and written-about city in the world. We could read Hemingway's A Moveable Feast, in which he describes the excitement and intellectual spirit-as well as the restaurants and plentiful red wine-of Paris in the 1920's. Or, we could travel to Paris and eat at bistros, walk across the Pont Neuf and look at the river Seine, visit the Louvre museum, and have adventures of our own. Clearly, most people would have attained more lasting and vivid knowledge by visiting Paris on their own rather than reading about it secondhand.

In summary, experience, rather than books, is more central to our quest for learning, especially with regard to professional expertise. With regard to learning about another culture, experience is also irreplaceable. Yet not everyone in the world will have the health or financial resources to carry out a trip to Paris. But many people have access to a local library where they can borrow A Moveable Feast and, at no cost, read Hemingway's vibrant descriptions of Paris. We cannot forget the complementary and unique knowledge afforded by books, but experience is the most precious source of knowledge.

托福写作高分范文大全2

Task:“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

托福写作模板范文参考：

It is universally acknowledged that hard work is indispensable to success. Scientists toil for years before they make a major discovery. Students study for years before they are accepted by a top university. Self-make people work for a long time, even all their life before they make a fortune. However, less well-known is the essential role that luck plays in achieving one's goals. It is often luck that turns years of hard work into success: people discover and invent things with the help of luck, and so do they become famous and find jobs.

First, luck has helped a great number of people invent and discover things. Sir Alexander Fleming experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he discovered penicillin. He went through laborious trial and error, but it was on account of luck that he looked at the mold on a piece of cheese and got the idea for penicillin there and then. Benjamin Franklin had been trying to prove his idea that lightning and electricity is the same thing, but it was only in flying a kite that he proved it and the concept of a lightning rod happened to strike him.

Also, luck helps people become famous. Let us consider young authors. Many work hard to learn to write. For example, they take writing classes. Besides, they work at menial jobs so as to survive and gain experience. Then one day a lucky writer may have piece of writing published and attract public attention. Or the writer meets an editor at the right time and place. Years of continuous writing brings the writer to the door of success, but one lucky chance, like the shot in soccer, eventually helps him or her reap success.

Finally, luck has helped many people secure jobs. One may spend much time writing and sending resumes, reading recruiting ads, and going to job interviews. One may pond the pavement for a long time before getting a job. However, it is with luck that a job hunter meets the person who will offer a position to him or her, or learns of a vacancy that is not advertised. Being at the right place at the right time often helps one land a job, and this has all to do with luck. One can hardly succeed without hard work, but hard work without luck often leads to nothing. Luck has a great number of people find success. In fact, luck goes hand in hand with hard work.

托福写作高分范文大全3

Task:Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

托福写作模板范文参考：

Some people think that university students should be able to choose whether to go to classes or not. I could not disagree more with this idea. Even though students can have excused absences, for example, when they are sick or have something emergent to attend, generally they should be required to go to classes. In fact, attending classes has many advantages, three of them most important: learning from the teacher, interacting with classmates, and developing responsibility. Attending classes has the benefit of receiving the best that a teacher can offer. Good teachers review the difficult and key pints of the material in the course textbook. The best teachers do more than this. They conduct group discussion of the material, and present alternative points of view on the same issue. This increases students' real understanding and critical thinking.

Moreover, teachers supplement the textbook material with information provide by guest speakers, which further enhances students' understanding. All this implies that, if students are absent from class, it is tantamount to forfeiting their right to full benefits of teacher-guided learning in class. Going to classes also helps students learn how to work with their classmates. In class, students need to put forward their ideas. They have to take questions from their classmates and when their classmates have a different point of view, they have to defend their own. All this is conducted in a friendly manner. Interaction of this kind teaches students about how to work with other people.

Finally, going to classes enables students to develop responsibility. Having to finish all the assigned readings before class helps prepare them for getting a job. So does the requirement of being punctual for class. Similarly, having to complete assignment on time for class helps them to foster responsibility.

Admittedly, students can obtain information from books, but they benefit a great deal more when they go to classes. They have the advantage of learning from their teacher, of interacting with other people, and of developing the responsibility required of a good worker as well as a good student. If these skills in life are in no sense optional, how can attending classes in a university be optional?

托福写作高分范文大全4

托福考试 作文 题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future. Use reasons and specific examples to support our answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

举一些例子支持题目中的观点，确实有些痛苦经历对将来毫无帮助。

托福考试作文范文参考：

Some people argue that most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time can later become valuable experiences. I cannot agree with them more. There are numerous reasons why I hold confidence on this opinion, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.

Difficulties are beneficial to our personal growth. In the course of our life, we will face numerous difficulties, and each difficulty will help us grow up, and become a valuable lesson for the future. A toddler fells off the ground for many times before he knows how to walk, and a child learns how to swim after he drinks water in the swimming pool. In addition, only after we experienced failures, we know the value of success. We will never appreciate anything that comes so easy. Difficulties can make us feel stronger and be more confident for the future obstacles.

Furthermore, difficulties in our work can help us gain more experience and knowledge. Most of the times we can gain knowledge and experiences faster through experiencing difficulties in our life and trying to find a solutions to the perplexities that we face. There is a famous saying, "no pain no gain." For example, when we take on a new job that we do not have much experience in, the first few weeks can be extremely painful and we may feel enormous pressure and difficulties. And we will try our best to adjust, to learn and to think, how to do this job better. The more difficulties we feel, the harder we try to acquire the skills and knowledge to overcome it. Learning and this stage is extremely efficient and our problem solving skills well increase. After we overcome more and more problems, we can become an experienced worker in this field and will be able to take on more challenges. We will never fear that we will face the same kind of problem again. This means that we have accumulated valuable experiences for the future.

In a word, a difficult experience is a gift that life gives us. We should appreciate it and take it as a precious opportunity to gain knowledge and experience about our study, work and life.

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1. 托福备考之独立写作满分范文5篇精选

2. 托福写作常用经典高分例句精选

3. 托福高分作文写作模板精选

4. 托福综合写作考试高分必备

5. 关于托福英语作文,你一定要知道的高分句型!

6. 托福写作如何考高分:20170527托福独立写作解析和范文

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8. 托福独立写作比较模板经典高分

9. 托福作文高分之策略

10. 托福独立作文模板经典高分

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福写作 范文 ，下面我给大家带来托福写作话题解析及范文：关于20年后，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。

托福写作范文:20年后人们将使用比现在更少的车

首先，综合写作改套路了，听力不再去反驳阅读了，而是去回答阅读中的问题。而独立写作的题目里竟然出现了一行小字： Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized example. 哦买尴!这简直就是继 乒乓球 由小改大后专为沦陷亚洲人而设计的规则变更嘛!帝国主义亡我之心不死啊!

宝宝们别慌。今天，我们就来给各位献上高分 作文 剖析。

(阅读提示：请大家先整体读一遍TPO35的题目及范文，后面会有我的分段解析)

TPO 35

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

大神 文章 ：

The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, in some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the pervasive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement that there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.

First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the global media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth One Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the environment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 years, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they will be more environmentally-concerned.

Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewer cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countries in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the rate of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.

A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in the field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considering how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable for me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transportation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private transportation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the view that there will be fewer cars in the future.

From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I believe that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer cars. And I am looking forward to that future.

首先我们来破题。

这是传统的独立写作题型，由三句话组成：第一句 “Do you agree or disagree with the following statement”是考生要完成的task，第二句 “In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today”是写作话题topic，第三句 “Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer” 是题目给你的requirement。所有考生都知道一篇作文必须“扣题”，在托福作文里就是去扣这三句话。这样一说，你是不是立马理解了5分标准里的前两条了?

第一条“Effectively addresses the topic and task”，就是指扣题目里的前两句话。 第二条“Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications and/or details” 就是扣题目里的第三句话。读到这里，请各位宝宝们 反思 一句：扣题，你真的做到了吗?

因此，我们在写这道题时，就一定要紧紧扣住“20年后人们将使用比现在更少的车”这个话题，并呈现这样的分段：开头段一定要提出自己是否同意这个观点，正文段用reasons和examples去论证自己的观点，再用结尾段收束整篇文章，搞定。

再看看姚神的，啊呀，与我的分段方式不谋而合呢!开头段立论，3个正文段发展，结尾段收束——完美!有没有发现很好地符合了5分标准第二条里面的“is well organized”?童鞋们现在还敢不敢乱分段了?哼(傲娇脸)。哈哈，接下来再细看每一段吧~

文章分析

01

The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, in some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the pervasive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement that there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.

开头段最核心的功能是“立论”，也即回答题目的第一句话，表明自己的观点是同意还是不同意。姚神开头段的最后一句就是个明确的立论：同意题目观点。当然姚神在立论前还做了lead-in，作用是告诉大家写这篇文章的背景，引起读者兴趣。不过请注意，各位同学可别硬拽高端写法。如果你的打字速度呵呵哒，那么为师强烈建议第一段直接立论;否则正文段没时间好好写，那可就得不偿失啦。

02

First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the global media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth One Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the environment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 years, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they will be more environmentally-concerned.

正文段的作用是啥?论证你的观点。换句话说，论证你的第一段立论。你第一段立的啥论，后面就要一门心思去证明它。如果正文段与第一段没有完美印证，而是走歪了，那就违反了5分标准里第三条的第一个词 “unity”(统一、一致)。此外，用啥论证?题目要求里不说了么，reasons and examples. 看看姚神这段，以段落中部的according to a survey为分界点，前面是reason，后面是example，是不是正中5分标准的下怀呢?曾经有同学问我：“老师，一定要写example吗?我觉得老写my cousin Tom好low啊……”答案请见姚神作文，example不一定非要写cousin Tom或者隔壁老王嘛，你也可以写一个survey啊。当然，前提是，你真真切切地了解一个真实的survey，你可别到考场上自己胡编乱造啊。胡编乱造的最大特别就是细节缺失，而考场临时凑出来的survey绝对会细节缺失，一看就是假的，想给你分都难啊!

最后，嘿嘿，不得不请大家注意一下，有木有发现姚神第3句的documentary打错了，少了个字母 “r”?哈哈，其实呢，这种不影响读者理解的小笔误，就是5分标准里第四条的minor lexical errors(微小的单词错误)，是不会影响你拿满分哒!

03

Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewer cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countries in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the rate of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.

再看姚神的第二个正文段。大家细看一下我挑出来的这些词：another key aspect, if, in 20 years, in this case, so. 有没有发现有啥共同点?没错，它们都有连接作用，凸显前后文逻辑。很多同学在表达观点时，不擅长使用连接词，导致观点之间逻辑不紧密，让人感觉不到在一步步论证自己的观点。这就与5分标准第三条里的两个词 “progression(进展)”和 “coherence(连贯)”相悖。当然，如果你写了一堆连接词，但其实句意根本不是那层逻辑，那也是完全没用的。比如：“我喜欢吃苹果，所以我妈种了很多桔子。”这个 句子 里确实有连接词“所以”，然而这逻辑——这位同学是在逗我吗?你好歹也要加个背景“我是捡来的”吧!

04

A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in the field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considering how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable for me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transportation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private transportation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the view that there will be fewer cars in the future.

第三个正文段——说到这会有同学打断我：“老师，我能不能只写两个正文段?”可以呀，大家看姚神这篇作文511个字，是大家在考场上能望其项背的么?能打400字就是考神附体了好么!所以，只写两个正文段，只要扣题了，发展清楚了，没有问题哒~~另外说下姚神这段的语言，用了两个rhetorical questions修辞性疑问句，在汉语里我们称之为“反问句”或“设问句”。这非常好地满足了5分标准里第四条的syntactic variety句法多样性。说到这里，有没有发现姚神这篇作文真的是360度全景符合5分标准呢!

05

From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I believe that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer cars. And I am looking forward to that future.

再看最后一段，最后一段其实在托福写作中的作用不大，收束全文再次点题即可。姚神的这段结尾除了中规中矩地收束以外，还加了句对未来的展望 “I am looking forward to that future”。但是还是提醒大家别在展望上写太多哈，为师担心你把展望写成了一个新观点，但却没有展开它，那可就违背了well developed这一点啦。还是那句老话，高端写法别硬拽，乖乖把时间留下来去发展正文段吧~

托福写作题目分析：20年后人们将有更多休闲时间

今天需要练习的写作题目:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years, people will have more leisure time.

先针对如上写作题目写句子

在我看来，人们将来肯定会拥有更多的休闲时间。因为科技发展速度惊人，以至于处理很多工作时都会更加地高效、省时、便捷。

翻译：

答案： In my point of view, people will definitely have more leisure time in the future, because technology has been developing at so fast a rate that it will be more efficient and, hence, time-saving for people to deal with most of their work.

汉英翻译练习对应的段落：

模拟主干段

(1)在我看来，人们将来肯定会拥有更多的休闲时间。

(2)因为科技发展速度惊人，以至于处理很多工作时都会更加地高效、省时、便捷。

(3)二十年前的人们不敢想象每个人的办公桌上都有一台强大的电脑---需要用手填写的一天的表格，现在用计算机往往只需要一小时就能完成;尽管我并不知道，二十年后我们将用什么样的高科技工具来提高工作效率，但进一步提高闲暇时间是肯定的。

(4)如果你回顾中国公共假日的历史，从每周休息一天，到一天半，最后演化到现在的双休日---你就会赞同社会进步对人们闲暇时间的增加的确很有促进。

托福写作语料库：20年后学生们是否不再使用纸媒书籍

【观点类】

In twenty years from now, students will not use printed books any more. 20年以后，学生们将不再使用纸媒书籍，是否认同? (2009年3月29 日)

【题目解析】20年以后，学生们不再使用纸媒书籍 = 电子书籍可以完全取得纸媒阅读，是否同意?

【作家立场】电子书籍有其优势，但是，纸媒书籍依然不会被代替，尤其是对于学生而言。

【写作思路】让步反驳：三分让步;七分反驳

【新东方网薛鹏思路拓展】

纸媒书籍存在的理由和不可替代性：

1. 无论电子阅读多么便利和有趣，很多学生改变不了用纸媒书籍学习的习惯。例如，我的同龄人，他们不习惯也不喜欢电子书，尤其是以电子书作为教科书，因为电子阅读极其不便，无法随时地做标记和笔记。

2. 对比其他的电子读物，传统的纸媒有其优势。具体而言，很多电子小说可随意发表，质量难保证，但是，纸媒书籍，比较而言，内容优质。 例如，作为文学 爱好 者，我喜欢阅读文学作品， 网络小说很少吸引我，因为其内容比较庸俗，文笔很差，极少带来阅读快感。相反，我自己喜欢阅读一本名为《作家》的杂志，我不读网络杂志，因为拿到一本新书的感觉很踏实，淡淡的墨香激发我立刻阅读的兴趣。

手机阅读或网络阅读的利好：(让步段)

我承认，电子阅读也有其流行的理由，例如：储存量大，携带便利，价格低廉，资源丰富，比较环保。但是，我想反驳的是：电子阅读也有其弊端。比如，长期接触电子辐射有害视力，另外，电子书库信息量很大，有时候，我们反而无从选择自己的喜欢的书籍。

【尾段 总结 】电子阅读仅仅是传统阅读的一种有效的补充，而非替代品。

【新东方网薛鹏原创语料库】

【基础写作语料库】

1. printed books n印刷书籍

2. e-reading n电子阅读

3. deeply rooted reading habit n 根深蒂固的阅读习惯

4. can never replace traditional way of reading v永远无法代替传统的阅读方式

5. A and B are not mutually exclusive …… 和 …… 不是互相排斥的

【新东方网薛鹏原创语料库】

1. The past century has witnessed tremendous technological progress and these changes re-shaped some people’s reading choices. 一百年来，科技在进步，这种进步也改变了很多人的阅读选择。

解析：tremendous = great 巨大的

2. People still read, however，some people might have different preferences such as on-line reading or appreciating their favorite books via the cell phone 人们依然在阅读，但是，人们的喜好也许在变化，例如很多人喜欢网络阅读和手机阅读。

解析：via prep通过

3. Some people argue that if the popularity of e-reading keeps expanding at current rate, our reading will be dominated by on-line or cell phone reading two decades later 有人认为如果电子阅读以这样的速度上升，20年后，手机阅读和网络阅读最终将会占据主导地位。

4. It is true that the number of reading printed books is， to some extent，declining, but, this trend does not necessarily indicate conventional way of reading will give way to e-reading. 的确，那些阅读印刷书籍的人数在一定程度上减少，但是，这不一定意味着电子阅读会取代传统阅读。

5. The quality of many e-books cannot be ensured because almost every individual can publish articles on line，conversely，reading printed books with excellent contents can stir readers’ imagination, tap their creativity and deepen their insights into their lives. 因为几乎人人可以发表网络文章，所以，很多电子读物的质量难以保障，相反，阅读内容优质的纸媒书籍可以激发人的 想象力 ，开发人的创造性，加深人对于生活的洞察。

6. Indeed，I have to concede that many readers，especially teenagers, seem to be drawn to the popular e-reading.我承认，很多人，尤其是青少年读者，似乎被被流行的电子阅读所吸引。

7. Nonetheless，I want to rebut that on no account can we neglect the downsides triggered by e-reading. 但是，我想反驳的是任何情况下我们不能忽视电子阅读带来的弊端。

8. First，as for some of my peers，it is hard for them to change deeply rooted habit of reading printed books or newspapers. 对于我的很多同龄人而言，他们很难改变根深蒂固的阅读纸媒的习惯。

9. No matter how convenient or amusing e-reading is，I still have a preference for reading printed newspapers and magazines.无论电子阅读多么便利和有趣，我依然喜欢阅读印刷版的报纸杂志。

10. For example，as a literature fancier，I take keen interest in reading a magazine entitled Writer，I can either read printed book or and enjoy on-line magazine， however， I still have a sentimental attachment to the traditional way of reading 例如，我是文学发烧友，很喜欢阅读一本名为《作家》的杂志，我可以选择购买书籍，也可以选择网络阅读，但是，我始终对于传统的阅读方式更加依赖.

解析：have a sentimental attachment to 对于……有情感的依恋

11. The ink fragrance of the book never fails to make me feel at ease, when holding a newly published magazine, I usually have an impulse of browsing the book and make some personal notes immediately .一本新书散发着墨香，拿在手里，比较踏实，我可以随时笔记。

解析：make me feel at ease v使我感到心安

12. E-books enjoy their unique merits. To name just a few, e-books have large storage room, are easy to carry, have rich on-line resources and so on 电子阅读有其独有的利好, 例如，电子书存储量大，携带便利，资源丰富等等。

13. Seen from the perspective of health, chronic exposure to the screen might impair one’s eyesight 从健康的角度而言，长期接触电子辐射有害视力。

解析：chronic adj 长期的

解析：impair one’s eyesight v 有害视力

14. With the availability of an ocean of e-books，sometimes，it is hard for readers to select their favorite books. 电子书库信息量很大，有时候，读者反而无从选择他们的喜欢的书籍。

15. The ideal learning effect created by printed books can never be matched by e-reading. 使用纸媒书籍，效果更佳，电子阅读，难以实现。

新托福综合写作TPO13范文及材料欣赏

私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。新托福综合写作TPO13写作材料就花式私人买卖的是好的还是坏的进行了讨论。下面是我整理的新托福综合写作TPO13范文和材料，欢迎阅读!

新托福综合写作TPO13范文：

The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved in the booming business of commercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences.

The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading—that private collectors keep their fossil collections away from the public. She contends that the commercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition.

The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museum from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot compete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the commercial market at a price, so the academic community does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils.

Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort these individuals have made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered.

新托福综合写作TPO13阅读材料：

Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteen century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public.

私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。所谓化石是指那些古代有机体的石化物。然而最近几年，化石买卖，尤其是恐龙和其他大型脊椎动物的化石的买卖变得繁荣起来了。稀有而重要的化石现在以百万计的价格在私人搜藏家之间流通。这种现象无论对于科学家还是对于公众来说，都不是一件好事情。

The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.

化石不在捐赠给博物馆而是由私人收藏家持有，而不是像过去那样捐赠给博物馆。私人收藏家不会让公众看他的藏品，而博物馆里的展品却是人人有机会看到的。这样对于公众来说是受损的'。接触化石的机会变少会让大众失去对化石的兴趣的，而这一点显然是令人遗憾的。

More importantly, scientists are likely to lose access to some of the most important fossils and thereby miss out on potentially crucial discoveries about extinct life forms. Wealthy fossil buyers with a desire to own the rarest and most important fossils can spend virtually limitless amounts of money to acquire them. Scientists and the museums and universities they work for often cannot compete successfully for fossils against millionaire fossil buyers.

更重要的是，科学家将错失很多研究珍贵化石的机会，进而可能同一些关于灭绝生物的重大发现失之交臂。富有的化石购买者因为对稀有而重要化石的强烈渴望，将会不计成本地想得到这些化石。科学家和他们所服务的博物馆和大学都无力同那些身价百万的化石购买者竞争，也只能坐视失去化石。

Moreover, commercial fossil collectors often destroy valuable scientific evidence associated with the fossils they unearth. Most commercial fossil collectors are untrained or uninterested in carrying out the careful field work and documentation that reveal the most about animal life in the past. For example, scientists have learned about the biology of nest-building dinosaurs called oviraptors by carefully observing the exact position of oviraptors fossils in the ground and the presence of other fossils in the immediate surroundings. Commercial fossil collectors typically pay no attention to how fossils lie in the ground or to the smaller fossils that may surround bigger ones.

而且，商业化石收藏家常常会破坏他们挖掘出的化石中有科学价值的部分。多数商业化石收藏家常常没有接受过专业的训练，同时对谨慎研究记录化石没有兴趣。而这些研究和记录可以揭示过去生活在地球上的生命最重要的信息。科学家就是通过对筑巢的偷蛋龙的研究就是这种方法：通过对偷蛋龙化石的埋在地下的精确位置以及邻近的其他化石的状态来获知其生物特性的。私人化石搜藏家万网不关注化石埋藏的唯一以及大型化石边上那些小型的化石。

新托福综合写作TPO13听力材料：

Of course, there are some negative consequences of selling fossils in the commercial market, but they have been greatly exaggerated. The benefits of commercial fossil trade greatly outweigh the disadvantages.

当然，在商业市场上买卖化石是有一些负面影响，但是这些负面影响在阅读部分被夸大了。化石买卖的优点大大的超过其缺点。

First of all, the public is likely to have greater exposure to fossils as a result of commercial fossil trade, not less exposure. Commercial fossil hunting makes a lot of fossils available for purchase, and as a result, even low-level public institutions like public schools and libraries can now routinely buy interesting fossils and display them for the public.

首先，私人化石买卖合法之后，公众接触化石的机会不是变少了，而是增加了。私人化石买卖让更多的化石进入流通领域。这样，甚至等级较低的公共机构，比如公立学校和图书馆也有能力通过正规渠道购买化石，并向公众展示了。

As for the idea that scientists will lose access to really important fossils, that’s not realistic either. Before anyone can put a value on a fossil, it needs to be scientifically identified, right? Well, the only people who can identify, who can really tell what a given fossil is or isn’t, are scientists, by performing detailed examinations and tests on the fossils themselves. So, even if a fossil is destined to go to a private collector, it has to pass through the hands of scientific experts first. This way, the scientific community is not going to miss out on anything important that’s out there.

至于说科学家将错失接触重要化石机会的说法，也是站不住脚的。不论是谁，在给一组化石定价之前，都一定是需要科学家来鉴定的，是不是?那么，唯一能够鉴定化石，唯一能够说出化石是否有价值的人是科学家。是科学家通过对细节的检查和测试来决定化石的价值的。所以，即使化石最终归于私人收藏家，但是还是要首先经过科学家的手的。这样，科学团体就不会错过化石上的任何重要信息了。

Finally, whatever damage commercial fossil collectors sometimes do, if it weren’t for them, many fossils would simply go undiscovered because there aren’t that many fossil collecting operations that are run by universities and other scientific institutions. Isn’t it better for science to at least have more fossils being found even if we don’t have all the scientific data we’d like to have about their location and surroundings than it is to have many fossils go completely undiscovered?

最后，私人化石收藏者的确会损坏化石，但是如果没有他们，很多化石就会永远埋在地下了。这是因为大学和其他科学研究机构没有足够多的化石采集项目。对于科学发展来说，能够发现更多的化石比让化石长眠于地下要好，不是吗?尽管我们可能确实一些诸如化石位置其周围伴生化石的信息。