俄国学者拉基米尔·普罗普 叙事结构中的七种“行动范畴”动画片大师沃尔特·迪斯尼制作了《欢笑卡通》、《红帽小骑士》、《爱丽丝梦游仙境》、《幸运兔子奥斯华》、米老鼠系列片、《三只小猪》、《木偶奇遇》、《白雪公主》、《花与树》等近百部卡通片,那些可爱、滑稽、幽默、风趣的米老鼠、唐老鸭等可爱的小精灵,给全世界的儿童带来了无限欢乐。到了20世纪末随着《狮子王》的全球热播,动画片已不仅仅是儿童的挚爱,成年人也为动画片中讲述的奇异故事所着迷。《海底总动员》甚至成为当季的票房亚军,《狮子王》、《玩具总动员》、《怪物史瑞克》系列、《冰河世纪》、《超人特工队》……等等这些动画片都获得了如潮的好评,再和计算机技术结合之后,影像更加逼真、自如的动画片俨然成为电影产业中的一个大类。 什么是动画片?英语称为cartoon(卡通),含义是活动漫画,是一图画表现人物形象、戏剧情节和作者构思的影片。它是美术电影中最基本的形式,它采用“逐格摄影”(又称定格摄影)的方法,将一系列相互之间只有细微变化的而动作连续的画面拍摄在胶片上,(电视动画片则摄录在磁带上),然后以一秒24个的速度放映出来,能够获得形象自如的艺术效果。①上述定义表明了构成了动画片的三大要素:叙事性、造型性和电影性。这里叙事性是最重要也最主要的要素,只有讲述了完整且新奇的故事,才能吸引受众的注意力。法国电影理论家、当代电影理论的奠基人克里斯蒂安·麦茨一个不无晦涩的表述,但相当准确的说明了叙事之于电影的重要意义:“并非由于电影是一种语言,它才讲述了如此美妙的故事;而是由于它讲述了如此美妙的故事,它才使自己成为一种语言。”所以电影“语言”是为了叙事的需要而创造出来的。而动画片的叙事性结构是由“行动范畴”(弗拉基米尔·普罗普语)来体现的。 本文欲分析的动画片如下:《玩具总动员》、《怪物史瑞克》系列、《冰河世纪》、《超人特工队》。这几部动画片都是极其重视电影语言的力作,叙事性、故事性极强,观众在100多分钟内思绪是紧紧跟随电影中人物的命运发展的。电影中的角色设计都很有特色,基本契合了俄国学者弗拉基米尔·普罗普提出的“七种行动范畴”(即角色特性)。②1、坏人 2、施惠者 3、帮手 4、公主,或要找和保护的人和物 5、派遣者或发出者 6、英雄或受害者 7、假英雄普罗普所谓的角色/行动范畴,并不完全等于故事中的人物,而是在故事中的不同段落、情节发展的不同时刻所具有的功能。故事中的一个人物可以在故事发展的不同段落、不同时刻中扮演不同的角色、置身于不同的“行动范畴”;同样,同一角色或“行动范畴”也可以由不同的人物来扮演,不同人物在同一情节段落中扮演同一角色,置身于同一“行动范畴”。诸如《冰河世纪》中老虎安哥在影片的前一部分,是凶狠的“坏人”,为了抢夺孩子(即公主,或要找和保护的人和物)而居心叵测的跟随在猛犸象曼迪身边;而在经过“火山熔岩爆发”这一情节段,当冰柱被火山浆熔化,安哥即将落入悬崖,猛犸象不顾一切地救下了他,令安哥心生感激之情;在影片的最后,安哥背叛了它的组织(欲蚕食猛犸象和抢夺孩子的虎群),挺身而出拦下了致命的一击,帮助猛犸象、树獭希德和孩子逃离危险,并最终得以将孩子送还给了他的父亲。在这一情节段中,老虎安哥从原本传统意义上的“坏人”成长为“英雄”,也契合了人类对“正义必定战胜邪恶”这一原始社会理想的寄托。 虽然“英雄”是影片中的绝对主角,但不能忽略“派遣者”和“施惠者”对“英雄”的影响,更不能忽略“假英雄”对“英雄”的衬托和显现。派遣者或发出者,一般是指故事中的某种带有权威的形象,通常是年长者或者是政治领袖。在经典故事中常常是由这一人物对英雄发出行动的指令。但在现在电影的叙述中,派遣者不再是一个必要的角色,主人公常常为了自己的目的、利益、或为了拯救自己、或是 心灵意志的觉醒而行动。《怪物史瑞克》(一)中的“国王”可算是派遣者,他命令史瑞克救出被火龙围困的公主,然后才能换回史瑞克原先居住的沼泽地。而在《怪物史瑞克》(二)中,派遣者的角色似乎是空缺的,史瑞克所做的一切为的是争取他和公主在一起生活的机会。又如在《超人特工队中》,超人鲍勃不是像在007系列中的邦德那样是听命于国家行政机关部门的,他甚至被国家行政机关部门要求隐姓埋名的过普通人的生活。超人鲍勃和他的超人妻子、超人孩子所谓的“拯救人类”的一切行动,最初的行动动机救助被坏人围困的家人,超人鲍勃被抓之后,超人妻子、超人的儿女们先后成长起来成为“英雄”。 同样需要说明的还有施惠者的角色。顾名思义,所谓施惠者尽管同样为主人公完成任务或实现其目标提供了帮助,但不同于一般意义上的帮手,施惠者在叙事的特殊时刻为主人公提供了某种特殊的帮助,诸如武侠小说中,主人公遇到了“山中高人”,因此而获得了某种特殊的法力、法器或武功。施惠者,也可能是某种人生导师式的角色,在他的指点下,主人公战胜了自身的弱点(内在的对手)而走向成功。如在《怪物史瑞克》(一)中扮演“坏人”角色的火龙,因为迷恋上了驴子,性情大变;在(二)中成为了史瑞克与邪恶的巫婆斗争中反败为胜的关键力量,扮演了“施惠者”的角色。 “帮手”这一角色或行动范畴,在普罗普的理论中没有给与太多的关注,但是在近期这几部动画片中可以发现,“帮手”这一行动范畴占据了极其重要的位置,可以说是“英雄”性格的补充和承托。“帮手”从严格意义上讲是属于“小人物”,但是真实的、可触可感的性格特点使他们成为观众印象最深刻的角色。例如《怪物史瑞克》和《冰河世纪》中的驴子和树獭,都是微小的,他们的性格中混杂着点胆怯、懦弱、狐假虎威,但不掩盖他们真诚、富有爱心的一面,《怪物史瑞克》中,史瑞克自卑得几乎放弃了他对公主的爱,是驴子执着的言语激起了他的勇气,勇敢地去追求真爱(true love)。《冰河世纪》中的猛犸象原先冷酷、特立独行、对人类遗失的小孩缺少温情,在树獭的坚持下只能妥协,而随后他性格中隐藏的善良、仁慈、温柔被激发出来,拼尽全力保护孩子Walt Disney animated film produced by the master "cartoon laugh," "Red Hat small knight," "Alice in Wonderland," "lucky rabbit Oswald," Mickey Mouse series, "Three Little Pigs," " Puppet Adventure, "" Snow White "," Flowers and Trees "and other cartoons nearly the Department, those cute, funny, humor, humorous Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck and other beloved Pac-Man, to bring the children of the world unlimited joy. To the end of the 20th century with the "Lion King" of the global hit, animated not only the love of children, adults as well as animation in the singular about the fascinating story. "Finding Nemo" or even as a runner-up at the box office season, "The Lion King," "Toy Story," "Shrek" series, "Ice Age", "Incredibles" ... ... and so these have been animated the critical acclaim, and then combined and computer technology, more realistic images, free animated movie industry has become one of the major categories. What is animation? English as the cartoon (cartoon), is the meaning of the activities of comic books, is a picture of the performance of characters, dramatic plot and author of the idea of the film. It is a basic art form of movies, it used "photography-by-cell" (also known as photo frame) method, among a series of minor changes only for the screen and the action taken in the film, the (TV animation while recording on tape), and then to a second screening of 24 out of the speed, ease access to the image of the artistic effect. ① above definition constitutes a cartoon shows three major elements: narrative, style and the film of. This narrative is the most important factor is also the most important, only about a complete story and novel, in order to attract the attention of the audience. French film theorist, the founder of contemporary film theory a non-Christian Metz obscure expressions, but fairly accurate description of the narrative of the importance of the film: "not because the film is a language, it is only about such a wonderful story; but because it's so wonderful about the story, it was to become a language. "So the film" language "is to the needs of narrative created. The animation of the narrative structure is the "action areas" (Vladimir Propp's words) to be embodied. For the analysis of this paper animation as follows: "Toy Story," "Shrek" series, "Ice Age", "Incredibles." These cartoons will be shown in the film are attached great importance to the language of work, narrative, strong narrative, the audience in more than 100 minutes in mind is to follow closely the fate of the characters in the film development. The role of the film is very distinctive design, the basic fit of the Russian scholar Vladimir Propp's "seven areas of action" (that is, the role of characteristics). ② 1, bad guys 2, 3 charity, to help 4, princess, or are looking for and protection of human and material 5, or send the issue of 6, 7, heroes or victims, false heroes Propp so-called role / action areas, the story is not entirely equivalent to the figures, but in different paragraphs of the story, plot development at all times have different functions. The story of a character in the story of the development of different sections, different times to play different roles, exposure to different types of "action areas"; the same, the same role or "action areas" can also come from different plays, different people paragraphs in the same circumstances to play the same role that exposure to the same "scope of action." Such as "Ice Age" in Luanda, the tiger of the first part in the film is brutal, "bad guys", in order to snatch the child (that is, the princess, or are looking for and protection of human and material) and the following is very much ill-around in the mammoth Mandi ; and after "the outbreak of lava," the circumstances above, when the ice was melting volcanic pulp, Angola will soon fall into the cliffs, desperate to save the mammoth under him, so that Angola grateful hearts; in the film the end of its betrayal of Angola Organization (For eroded mammoth and tiger to snatch the child's group), to come forward to stop the fatal blow to help the mammoth, Sid the tree Rex and children to flee the danger, and ultimately to return the child to his father. Paragraph in this case, the tiger was the traditional sense of Luanda from the "bad guys" grow into "heroes", but also fit the man's "justice must prevail over evil," the ideal of the primitive society sustenance. While "Hero" is the absolute protagonist of the film, but you can not ignore the "send" and "charity" in the "heroes" of the impact, but also can not ignore the "false heroes" of the "heroes" and show the background. Or send the issue of persons, generally refers to a story with the image of authority, usually the elderly or political leaders. In the classic story by the characters are often issued on the action hero's instructions. However, in the narrative of the film now, to send no longer is a necessary role, the main character is often for their own purposes, interests, or to save themselves, or the awakening of the soul and the will to action. "Shrek" (a) the "king" who can be dispatched, he ordered the siege of Shrek rescued by fire dragon princess, and then to live in exchange for the original Shrek swamp. In the "Shrek" (b), the dispatch of the role seems to be vacant, and Shrek has done for him and the Princess for the opportunity to live together. Another example is in the "Incredibles" and Bob is not like Superman in the 007 in the Bond series as it is taking orders from the state administrative organs department, he was the state administrative organs or departments have been requested anonymity in the lives of ordinary people. Superman Superman Bob and his wife, children superman so-called "save humanity" all actions, the initial motivation of action relief was besieged by bad family, Bob was arrested after Superman, Superman wives, sons and daughters of Superman grew up has become a "Hero." There should be explained the same patronizing role. As the name suggests, the so-called charity though the same task for the hero to achieve its objectives or provide help, but different from the general sense of the help the charity in the narrative to provide a special moment for the hero of some kind of special help, such as martial arts novels , the main character encountered "an expert mountain", there was some sort of special power, or instruments used in martial arts. Charity, and it may be a mentor-like role in life, in his guidance, the main character to overcome the weaknesses of their own (internal opponents) and to success. As in "Shrek" (a) play a "bad guy" role of the Fire Dragon, as obsessed with a donkey, temperament changes; in (b) become the Shrek and the struggle against the evil witch of the key forces behind played a "charity" in the role. "Helper" areas of the role or actions, in Propp's theory does not give too much attention, but in the near future these can be found in the Department of Animation, "helper," the scope of this action to occupy an important position, can be said to be "heroes" of the supplement and support the character. "Helper" from the strict sense is a "little", but real, tactile sense of character can turn them into the audience was most impressed by the role. Such as "Shrek" and "Ice Age" and the donkey tree Rex, are small, their mix of character points timid, cowardly, but does not hide them in good faith, caring side, " Shrek, "the inferiority Shrek almost abandoned his love of the princess is dedicated donkey speech stirred up his courage, courage to pursue love (true love). "Ice Age" of the mammoth in the original cool, independent of the lack of human warmth missing children, in the tree can only be the insistence of Rex compromise, and then hide his good character, kind, gentle and was inspired by, doing its best to protect children
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英语本科毕业论文选题的题目有哪些?下面是我整理的英语本科毕业论文题目,仅供参考。
英语本科毕业论文题目【1】
1 从《远离尘嚣》看偶然与巧合
2 从亨伯特看纳博科夫的流亡观
3 透过餐具看中西方饮食文化
4 从女性主义角度解读《太阳照常升起》中的女主角——勃莱特
5 从文化视角探讨隐喻的翻译
6 从生态批评角度看威廉·福克纳的《熊》中人与自然的关系
7 从功能对等角度分析常用英语修辞格汉译
8 任务型语言教学法的优势
9 自我身份的探寻—评拉尔夫·埃里森《看不见的人》
10 浅析英文报纸中体育新闻用语的模糊修辞
11 从电影《肖申克的救赎》和《当幸福来敲门》中探究美国人的个人主义
12 中美恭维言语行为跨文化比较研究
13 表现主义技巧在《推销员之死》中的运用
14 中国非英语专业学生在英语学习中使用元认知策略的情况调研
15 浅析英语中六种基本颜色词的英美文化内涵
16 浅析广告翻译中的文化顺应处理
17 从文化角度分析中美房地产广告的差异
18 浅析动画《加菲猫》和《加菲猫之双猫记》中的`享乐主义和利己主义
19 圣经原型解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
20 论《卡斯特桥市长》中哈代的进化向善论思想
21 顺从的女人——分析《荒凉山庄》中埃斯特的形象
22 从中美传统节日对比看节日的文化内涵
23 成人的童话——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中象征主义的体现
24 简析网络时代英语全球化
25 《查泰莱夫人的情人》的生态女性主义解读
26 从社会文化价值方面比较中美情景喜剧差异
27 论《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的宿命
28 《蝇王》的启示:理性的呼唤
29 中文旅游文本英译中的歧义现象分析
30 从中美婚宴差异看集体主义和个人主义
31 影响非英语专业大一新生口语输出的因素
32 《走出非洲》:走出迪内森的矛盾态度
33 旅游宣传资料中的误译与解决方法
34 从女性主义角度解读华顿《纯真年代》中的埃伦
35 电子词典与英语学习
36 英语习语与基督教
37 《伤心咖啡馆之歌》中爱米利亚性别身份分析
38 从关联理论的角度欣赏幽默翻译
39 英语缩略语及其语用功能
40 英专和非英专学生英语作文中错误的对比研究
41 武汉方言对英语语音的影响及其对教学的启示
42 中西行星命名的文化探源
43 英语新闻中的新词
44 中国古典诗歌英译中对“三美”理论的探索
45 从电影《七宗罪》浅析原罪
46 浅论体态语的社会功能
47 中西思维方式差异对中英语篇的影响
48 中国和西方国家婚俗的比较
49 浅析合作原则的违背在广告语言中的运用
50 浅析电影《推手》中中美家庭的文化冲突
英语本科毕业论文题目【2】
on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture
商标翻译与文化研究
Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice
影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素
the Translation of English Idioms
论英语习语的翻译
on Features and Translation of English Idioms
英语习语翻译特点研究
Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms
中英习语翻译与比较
on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation
中英互译的忠实性研究
Equivalence in Translation
翻译中的文化对等性研究
Translation and the Important of it
文学翻译与重要性研究
the Du Fu’s Poems Translation
论杜甫的诗词翻译
Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析
11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译
Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words
翻译中不可译性的文化阐释
Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability
中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译
Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals
浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度
Degree of Translators Subjectivity in Translation
修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究
Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement
Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan 武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析
Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese
音意兼译外来词中译之首选方法
Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice
浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯
Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology 科技英语中定语从句的汉译
Titles and Their TranslationA cross-cultural perspective
从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译
Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English
汉语公示语英译
22.论文化差异与翻译
Cultural differences and translation
23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化
The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture
24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究
On Translation of English Film Names
25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译
Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese
26.中文商标英译探
On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English
27.国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略
The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation
的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用
The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation
29.中西文化面子观差异对比分析
An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face
30.中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响
Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development
31.英语学习中文化障碍
Cultural Obstacles in English Learning
32.从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异
Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism
33.中英禁忌语比较
A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos
34.从隐私权看中西文化差异
A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right
35.中西社会习俗比较
A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions
36.言语行为理论及其应用
Speech Act and its Application
37.湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查
A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics
38.湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查
A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics
Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary
英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学
idiomsA Mirror Reflecting British Culture
英语习语与英国文化反映
Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon
从词汇角度读中国人的价值观
Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese
论中英体态语文化差异
Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People
东西方人际关系要素差异探析
to Cultural Differences in . Business Negotiation and its Impacts
中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析
Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication
跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究
and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications
从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异
the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication
中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究
Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words
英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究
and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms
中英文习语的特点以及文化差异
and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language
从广告语中看中西方文化观
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