外国人名汉译论文开题报告

题目定了么，格式给我。

英语翻译论文直接找北京译顶科技就行了啊，省时省力，对接也方便。

开题报告主要是以表格的形式呈现的，如下表就是一个例子：学院： 专业： 课题名称 姓名 学号 指导教师 职称学历 一、 开展本课题的意义及工作内容：二、 课题工作的总体安排及进度：三、 课题预期达到的效果：四、 指导教师意见：签名： 年 月 日

还有下面这个毕业论文格式,希望能帮上你,祝成功 毕业设计（论文）写作格式 一、基本结构 毕业论文或设计说明书应由题目（标题）、摘要、目录、前言（引言）、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献和附录等部分构成。 （一）毕业论文的结构 1. 题目：即标题，它的主要作用是概括整个论文的中心内容。题目要确切、恰当、鲜明、简短、精炼。题目一般不超过20个字，可以使用主副标题。 2. 摘要：摘要是论文的高度概括，是长篇论文不可缺少的组成部分。要求用中、英文分别书写，一篇摘要应不少于300字，要注明3—5个关键词。 3. 目录：反映论文的纲要。目录应列出通篇论文各组成部分的大小标题，分别层次，逐项标明页码，并包括注明参考文献、附录、图版、索引等附属部分的页次，以便读者查找。 4. 前言：前言是相当于论文的开头，它是三段式论文的第一段（后二段是本论和结论）。前言与摘要不完全相同，摘要要写得高度概括、简略，前言稍加具体一些，文字以1000字左右为宜。前言一般应包括以下几个内容：（1）为什么要写这篇论文，要解决什么问题，主要观点是什么。（2）对本论文研究主题范围内已有文献的评述（包括与课题相关的历史的回顾，资料来源、性质及运用情况等）。（3）说明本论文所要解决的问题，所采用的研究手段、方式、方法。明确研究工作的界限和规模。（4）概括本课题研究所取得的成果及意义。 5. 正文：论文的正文是作者对自己的研究工作详细的表述。应包括以下内容：（1）理论分析部分：详细说明所使用的分析方法和计算方法等基本情况；指出所应使用的分析方法、计算方法、实验方法等哪些是已有的，哪些是经过自己改进的，哪些是自己创造的，以便指导教师审查和纠正，篇幅不宜过多，应以简练、明了的文字概略表述。（2）用调查研究的方法达到研究目的的，调查目标、对象、范围、时间、地点、调查的过程和方法等，一定要简述。对调查所提的样本、数据、新的发现等则应详细说明。（3）结果与讨论应恰当运用表和图作结果与分析。论文字数应不少于万字。 6. 结论：结论包括对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合而得出的结论。结论集中反映作者的研究成果，表达作者对所研究课题的见解和主张，是全文的思想精髓，一般写的概括、篇幅较短。撰写时应注意以下几点：（1）结论要简单、明确。在措辞上应严密，容易理解。（2）结论应反映个人的研究工作，属于前人和他人已有过的结论可少提。（3）要实事求是地介绍自己研究的成果，切忌言过其实。 7. 致谢：对于毕业设计（论文）的指导教师，对毕业设计（论文）提过有益的建议或给予过帮助的同学，都应在论文的结尾部分书面致谢，言辞应恳切、实事求是。 8. 参考文献：在论文中所引用、参考过的文献，一般都应列出来。参考文献的著录，按论文中引用顺序排列。参考文献总数论文类不少于10篇、设计类不少于6篇，且都应有外文参考文献。 9. 附录：以下内容可放在附录之内：正文内过于冗长的公式推导；方便他人阅读所需的辅助性数学工具或表格；重复性数据和图表；论文使用的主要符号的意义和单位；程序说明和程序全文。这部分内容可省略。 （二）毕业设计说明书的结构 1. 解决某一工程具体问题的题目属毕业设计，毕业设计的内容包括设计说明书和图纸两部分。 2. 毕业设计说明书是对毕业设计进行解释与说明的书面材料，在写法上应注意与论文的区别是： （1）前言由下面三部分组成：设计的目的和意义，设计项目发展情况简介，设计原理及规模介绍； （2）正文包括方案的论证和主要参数的计算两大部分。 3. 毕业设计绘图量要求：设计类题目绘图量（折合为图幅为0# 号图纸）不少于张，其中要求计算机绘图（CAD）2张，手工绘图不少于1张。图纸绘制要符合国家标准。完成后的设计图纸经毕业设计指导教师审核后，审核人员要签署审核指导意见并签名。 二、排版要求 （一）基本要求 纸型：A4纸，双面打印； 页边距：上，下，左、右； 页眉：，页脚：，左侧装订。 页眉页脚统一要求为： ⑴一律用阿拉伯数字连续编页码。页码应由前言首页开始，作为第1页。 ⑵将摘要、Abstract、目录等前置部分单独编排页码。 ⑶页码必须标注在每页页脚底部居中位置，小五号，宋体，。 ⑷奇偶页的页眉不同，奇数页页眉的填写内容为“山东交通学院毕业设计（论文）”，偶数页页眉的填写内容为“作者姓名：论文中文题目”。 （二）排版规范 1. 中文摘要 (1) 居中打印“摘要”二字（小三号，黑体），字间空一字； (2) “摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容（小四号宋体，倍行距）； (3) 摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键字”三字（小四号黑体），其后为关键词（小四号宋体），每一关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不加标点符号。 2. 英文摘要 (1) 居中打印“Abstract”（小三号，Times New Roman字体，加粗），再下空两行打印英文摘要内容； (2) 摘要内容设置为：小四号，Times New Roman字体，倍行距，每段开头留四个空字符； (3) 摘要内容后下空一行打印“Key words”（小四号，Times New Roman字体，加粗），其后为关键词，每一关键词除第一个字母外其余均为小写字母，关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不加标点符号。 3. 目录： “目录”二字为小三号黑体，居中打印，二字间空一字；下空一行为章、节、小节及其开始页码（小四号宋体）；章、节、小节分别以1、、等数字依次标出，目录中的标题应与正文中的标题一致。 4. 前言： “前言”二字为小三号黑体，居中打印，二字之间空一字，前言正文设置为：小四号，宋体，倍行距。 5. 正文（参考写法） (1) 每章的章标题设置为：小三号，黑体，居左，倍行距，段后行，段前为0。每章另起一页。章序号为阿拉伯数字。 (2) 章下为节，每节的节标题设置为：四号，黑体，居左，倍行距，段后为0，段前行。 (3) 节下为小节，每小节的标题设置为：小四号，黑体，居左，倍行距，段后为0，段前行。 (4) 正文设置为：小四号，宋体，倍行距。正文内的标题号用（1）、①等依次标出。 正文各级标题编号的示例如下图所示。 6. 结论 结论标题设置为：小三号，黑体，居中，段后行，段前为0，“结论”二字间空一字。 结论正文设置为：小四号，宋体，多倍行距 ，间距：前段、后段均为0行，每段落首行缩进2字。 7. 致谢 致谢标题设置为：小三，黑体，居中，段后行，段前为0，“致谢”二字间空一字。 致谢正文设置为：小四，宋体，多倍行距 ，每段落首行缩进2字。 8. 参考文献 参考文献标题设置为：小三号，黑体，居中，段后行，段前为0。 参考文献内容设置成字体：五号，宋体，多倍行距，段前、段后均为0。 9. 附录 附录标题设置为：小三，黑体，居中，段后行，段前为0，“附录”二字间空一字。 附录正文设置为：小四，宋体，多倍行距 ，每段落首行缩进2字。 三、撰写规范 1. 附图 (1) 图的位置 ① 图居中排列。 ② 图与上文应留一行空格。 (2) 图的版式 ① “设置图片格式”的“版式”为“上下型”或“嵌入型”，不得“浮于文字之上”。 ② 图的大小尽量以一页的页面为限，不要超限，一旦超限要加续图。 (3) 图名的写法 ① 图名居中并位于图下，编号时应以章为单位顺序编号，如图、图。 ② 图名与下文留一空行。 ③ 图及其名称要放在同一页中，不能跨接两页。 ④ 图内文字清晰、美观。 ⑤ 中文图名设置为宋体，五号，居中。英文名称设置为Times New Roman，五号，居中。 (4) 图格式示例： 图 样式 Fig. Manner 2. 表格： (1) 表的位置 ① 表格居中排列。 ② 表格与下文应留一行空格。 ③ 表中若有附注，一律用阿拉伯数字和右半圆括号按顺序编排，如注1），附注写在表的下方。 (2) 表名的写法 ① 表名应当在表的上方并且居中。编号时应以章为单位顺序编号，如表、表。 ② 表名与上文留一空行。 ③ 表及其名称要放在同一页中，不能跨接两页。 ④ 表内文字全文统一，设置为宋体，五号。 ⑤ 中文表名设置为宋体，五号，且居中。英文名称设置为Times New Roman，五号，且居中。 (3) 表格式示例 表 统计表 Tab. Statistics table for sale 产品 产量 销量 产值 比重 手机 11000 10000 500 50% 电视机 5500 5000 220 22% 计算机 1100 1000 280 28% 合计 17600 16000 1000 100% 3. 公式 公式书写应在文中另起一行，居中排列，公式末尾不加标点；公式序号按章顺序编号，公式编号在行末列出，如()、()。 公式示例： () 4. 参考文献 参考文献书写格式： (1) 参考文献按照在正文中引用的顺序进行编码。 (2) 作者一律姓前名后(外文作者名应缩写)，作者间用“,”间隔。作者少于3人应全部写出，3人以上只列出前3人，后加“等”或“et al”。 (3) 标题“参考文献”设置为：小三号，黑体，居中，倍行距，段后行，段前为0。 (4) 参考文献正文设置成字体：5号，宋体，字号：五号，多倍行距行，段后、段前均为0。 (5) 按照引用的文献类型不同使用不同的表示方法。 ① 专著(注意应标明出版地及所参阅内容在原文献中的位置)，表示方法为： [序号] 作者.专著名.出版地:出版者,出版年. 示例：[1] 薛华成.管理信息系统.北京:清华大学出版社,1993. ② 期刊中析出的文献(注明应标明年、卷、期，尤其注意区分卷和期) ，表示方法为： [序号] 作者.题(篇)名.刊名.出版年,卷号(期号):起止页. 示例：[4] 徐滨士,欧忠文,马世宁等.纳米表面工程.中国机械工程,2000,11(6):707-712. ③ 会议论文，表示方法为： [序号] 作者.篇名.会议名,会址,开会年: 起止页. ④ 专著(文集)中析出的文献，表示方法为： [序号] 作者.篇名.见(In):文集的编(著)者.文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页. ⑤ 学位论文，表示方法为： [序号] 作者.题(篇)名:(博(硕)士学位论文).授学位地:授学位单位,授学位年. ⑥ 专利文献，表示方法为： [序号] 专利申请者.专利题名.专利国别,专利文献种类,专利号.出版日期. 参考文献引用格式： (1)引用的文献在正文中用方括号和阿拉伯数字按顺序以上标形式标注在引用处。 (2)引用格式示例 关于主题法的起源众说不一。国内有人认为“主题法检索体系的形式和发展开始于1856年英国克雷斯塔多罗(Crestadoro)的《图书馆编制目录技术》一书”，“国外最早采用主题法来组织目录索引的是杜威十进分类法的相关主题索引……”[1]。 5. 标点符号� 标点符号的使用必须符合新的国家标准GB/T15834-1995《标点符号用法》。� 6. 名词、名称� 科学技术名词术语应采用全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的规范词或国家标准、部标准中规定的名称，尚未统一规定或叫法有争议的名词术语，可采用惯用的名称。使用外文缩写代替某一名词术语时，首次出现时应在括号内注明其含义，如CPU（Central Processing Unit）代替计算机中央处理器。一般很熟知的外国人名(如牛顿、爱因斯坦、达尔文、马克思等)可按通常标准译法写译名。

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。