灾难新闻报道毕业论文

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The most recent decades, the world's all kinds of unexpected events that have taken place in public, our country is the most serious natural disasters, emergencies have become more frequent in one of the countries. "Statistics show that: in our country each year by natural disasters, accidents, disasters and emergencies, such as social security incidents caused by public events more than one million casualties, overall economic losses of up to 650 billion yuan, accounting for 6% of domestic GDP. Only in 2004, China for sudden public events on the casualties caused by more than one million people, 450 billion yuan in direct economic losses. "① Wenchuan 8 earthquake, the Government's quick response to disaster relief, actively involved in real-time public information and open to international attention; the Chinese people tremendous disaster in the face of the brilliant flashes of humanity, the world gasped in admiration; media coverage of real-time, comprehensive depth, as well as reports of people-oriented perspective, but also the news media to be seen as a turning point. , is not only a painful anniversary of the earthquake, but also should be an open day information quickly, hoping to spread some news from the change in the concept, and rewrite a number of media theory. First, media reports timely, comprehensive, three-dimensional, multi-level, confidential disaster in history The past, in order to create a situation of social stability in the face of major disasters, governments at all levels are accustomed to "the Song", not to tell the public the truth; media by "pan-politicize" the concept of the impact of propaganda and conservative media system constraints, the "news disaster" as "negative news", reported the disaster instinctively choose silence or wait and see. Such as Zhejiang Province in March 1994 Qiandao 32 Taiwanese tourists were killed by the case of robbery, domestic media reported the delay; Nanjing Tangshan in 2002 poisoning incident information is neither timely nor sufficient; shocked the country's Guangxi Nandan mine, if not forcibly intervene in the media, the truth is almost concealed. At the same time, reports in the disaster, the death toll from the disaster, the rescue is also confidential information have become, and the delay in disaster relief, disasters lead to panic, but also international human rights organizations have often been questioned. recent violence in Lhasa, the government and media still wait and see the missed opportunity for information disclosure, leading to false rumors, or even malicious rumors flying sky, even then the best efforts of our public information, are damage has been difficult to restore the country's image and media image. In social life, disasters often unexpected ways, to the enormous personal and social damage and the impact. Last a very long period of time, China's media reported that catastrophic events of the basic characteristics are: 1. Generality newsletter; 2. Low-key layout; 3. The choice of the main report, often the party and the government acts on disaster relief As reported by the Center; 4. the lack of depth of coverage of the disaster, background reports, continuous coverage. When disasters occur, the media often appears only in the process of cold relief figures, followed by a lengthy list of local officials the names of the size of the disaster event itself reports sometimes mean to ignore the five W (who, where , when, what, why) the extent, or even the number of casualties also non-disclosure. Some administrators believe that disaster means that the "smearing" can not refrain from reporting on the reports, to cover up when not on the length of the media reports and reports to control the scale, dilute the degree of social concern. In this concept of domination, a number of disasters has become the first non-news tail, regardless of primary and secondary, or direct religious ties, the "tragedy" Evolution forced to deal with the party and government for the disaster, "carol." Sudden Wenchuan earthquake, so that the lives of hundreds of millions of people suddenly pale, but did not cause social panic, a very important reason is that the information in a timely and full disclosure. In the face of great disaster, the Government and the media have learned a lesson and learn to race with the rumors. The Government responded quickly and effectively, the media reported that the full and timely, transparent and comprehensive information, with the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 to form a huge difference between the news blackout. Less than 10 minutes after the earthquake, the State Seismological Bureau on the speedy adoption of the Xinhua News Agency released the news to the community, and promptly released the information was felt all over; Central Television is the first interruption of the broadcast other programs, to start immediately with the earthquake disaster relief live; The next day, "People's Daily" and have to start all over the newspapers on the situation of the disaster and disaster relief multi-page, three-dimensional, multi-level reporting; major web sites to update the disaster and relief-to-date information. On this day, let us also felt bitter that pleased: big disaster before disaster information timely, open and transparent so that we can overcome the disaster in more self-confident, more calm and more of one mind. Second, disaster coverage to people-centered, thoroughly abandon the "pan-politicization" of the promotional concept From the news media's point of view, a disaster incident, the incident itself, the victims of the situation, the Government or the community are the relief actions taken by most people want to know, as a society from the vantage of the news media should meet the people's knowledge of the information right. It can be said that news reports focus on aspects which embodies the values of news media, the media functions and social roles, as well as government, media and public relations. Before the disaster, "carol" type of reports, is not only inconsistent with people's psychological needs, but also violates the concept of people-oriented. From a psychological point of view, natural disaster events, the existence of social and human status of the destruction of constancy, it is a result of catastrophic events on the surface of information (what happened) and the deep information (why) have a strong cognitive psychological needs, in order to adjust the existing cognitive structure, to maximize awareness of the elimination of uncertainty, with the natural environment, social environment, human values and re-integration of the environment. Therefore, "whether natural or social disasters, it will give people a tremendous psychological impact and power, the incident itself and the impact will undoubtedly have a high news value, can easily arouse the audience's desire for news. "② If the disaster to ignore news reports on the disaster in urgent need of public awareness of social and psychological, to conceal or distort the event, played down the impact of disasters, not only the victims of disasters and their relatives can not accept, the general public would not accept, and ultimately lead to rumors and affect the image of the government and social stability. News of the disaster, from the public level, there are two main cognitive: the general audience to accept them as the main body of the urgent news about the disaster situation; disaster victims and their relatives, their main identity of the particular parties, but would like to know the real situation of all events and every detail. If only the general audience away from a comparison of the psychological distance and look at the macro level to a disaster incident, then, for disaster victims and their relatives, they are based on personal experience and a very concrete reality the interests of gains and losses, to bear this disaster. Therefore, disaster news reports should be concerned about the disaster event itself, followed by concern about the victims and their relatives, and finally the Government arising from acts or social behavior. The earthquake is reported, the media to meet the audience's attention on catastrophic events, and more emphasis on reports of the disaster event itself, but also pay more attention to the lives of individuals, especially the survival of vulnerable groups, and lead to people's sympathy and love. Such reports not only failed to weaken the ruling party and government leadership of the dominant position earthquake relief, but also more determined the people's faith in socialism, the ruling party and the government's trust. Third, the full disclosure of information to protect the public's right to know, should be a normal news coverage and institutional arrangements Economics of information tells us that there will be some reason why rumors of the market, mainly because of information asymmetry. When disasters occur, people naturally will have a psychological need to capture information, especially those who lack of information. At this point, the rumors will get a chance to step to meet this demand. , product marketing bone destruction" is summed up on the previous rumors of mass destruction. The time of the incident in the disaster, the destruction not only for the individual against society, but also for the harm to society as a whole. Because the rumors of people able to have a significant psychological and emotional disturbances affect the capacity of people's rational judgments, resulting in confusion and affect social stability. In the "pan-politicization" of the traditional way of thinking under the influence of news reports are often used to gloss, gloss over their mistakes. Reports of disasters, including air, sea, explosions, accidents, fires, earthquakes, floods, especially by micro-organisms (bacteria, virus)-induced health incidents, poisoning, caused by radioactive elements such as public safety incident, the relevant departments are often keep the ban. Resistance in many media, it is also only for those involved in hot topics of concern to millions of households, big small, trivial matters of the best to cover up the truth to the public. With this kind of "pan-politicization" of the spread of the concept of disaster news coverage will inevitably lead to a disaster to cover up the incident, which itself is a violation of the law of press reports. To cover up the truth to the public the results, it is rumors, disorder, and panic, the media and the decline in the credibility of the Government. At present, more than 50 countries have established a system of open government information, "International Covenants on Human Rights" has the right to know as a basic human right. In recent years, China has accelerated the pace of information disclosure from the legal establishment of disaster information disclosure system and open system of government information. Early 2003 SARS epidemic, the competent authorities will still be treated as a political issue, trying to report on the outbreak of the news reports of "pounded." Absence and silence the media, the public did not know, rumors, panic buying, the outside world to question, so that the social crisis into a SARS epidemic. Later, the central requirement of the truth in the media reports on disease prevention knowledge, the daily briefing outbreak, including the confirmed cases, suspected cases, deaths. Have all announced the truth, great to meet the public's right to know and quickly stabilize the people's minds. This shows that the public's right to know the result of suppression can not be met, will lead to social disorder and even social crises, and to meet the public's right to know will be the release of pressure caused by the crisis, stabilizing the community. "Rumors would stop public" information sufficient conditions, away from the fact that there is no market rumors, since most people have enough information to judge. In the absence of sufficient information on conditions, will be the spread of rumors. Because people believe that in addition to rumors, there is no other choice. In view of this lesson, the State Council in May 2004 in the middle of the formulation and promulgation of the "Emergency Regulations on public health emergencies," and specifically provides that any unit or individual shall not conceal the disaster, relief is reported that incite others to misrepresent or conceal, and delaying the report, false; the establishment of the provisions of national disaster information release system, to the public timely, accurate and comprehensive dissemination of information. This shows that the maximum power is determined to break the "pan-politicization" of the bound mode of thinking and establish a responsible government, a democratic society, the rule of law the Government's good image, a positive response to the globalization of information to the historical trend of social progress. August 8, 2005, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the State Secrecy Bureau jointly issued "on the result of natural disasters, the total number of deaths and related information decryption notice" which led to a result of natural disasters death toll no longer state secrets, and in section a time to the public, not only reversing the passive situation and relief work, but also reflects the respect of citizens right to know. January 8, 2006 issued by the State Council, "the overall national public emergency contingency plan" for them late, false, concealed and omitted important public emergency and other dereliction of duty, misconduct, disciplinary action in accordance with the law relating to the responsibility of staff; constitute crime, be held criminally responsible. August 30, 2007 "Act to deal with unexpected incidents," promulgated and then implemented on November 1, and further standardized the responsibility of the Government. Promulgated in April 2007, "Government information open regulations", May 1, 2008 implementation, the more clearly that the Government should be timely and accurate disclosure of information. And the party's 17 largest更是把to ensure the people's right to know, participate and express the right to oversee the expansion of the right to put on the people's democracy, to ensure that people are the masters of the important agenda items. So far, China's information disclosure system of the basic set up, citizens also have the right to know the legal basis for the most basic. Disasters reported in recent years, some changes have occurred, especially in Wenchuan earthquake reported in full and on time is the party and the government has continuously increased its ability to govern the manifestation of the future will also further promote the message of openness, reform, disaster reports, play an active role in promoting . Wenchuan earthquake of that day, on the process of information disclosure in China, with significant historical significance, but also to enhance the public's trust in the media. We hope that this is not a case, and to sum up the experience, the information is reported immediately to fully open and turned into a system of arrangements and mechanisms for long-lasting healthy.

呵呵 苦命的娃啊

是英语专业的？用英文写的？至少本科的？基于以上假定，给你一个非常粗略的基本思路，供参考。为避免歧义，有的地方用英语表述，与中文互相应证。首先，定论题。是要考察是否有差异，还是要考察有哪些差异？当然也可以两个问题都覆盖。该论题的背景，其研究价值、意义等其次，定理论基础。查找文献，看已有的讨论中西方文化差异的论文与书籍，寻找以下问题的答案：1、哪些现象曾被用来分析文化差异 what phenomena have been analyzed for the differences?2、所用的研究方法 what methods have been used to contact the 、中西文化差异有哪些分类what are the categories/aspects of cultural differences?4、基于以上结果，总结是否已有通过新闻标题分析文化差异的，如果有，其方法、结论如何，你的研究将有何新鲜之处。如果没有，那么你的研究为何有价值，你打算用什么方法，文献的借鉴价值何在。第三，提供你的研究方法你是以何标准，采取什么方法收集研究数据的？（比如过去5年内，哪几家中外报刊的数据，从何获取的）你对所收集数据是如何分析的（比如参考文献中的差异的具体分类coding之后，再利用工作表或其他软件统计频率）第四，你的结论。是否有差异。如果用，列出最突出的差异点。如果已有同主题的文献的，比较你的结论与文献中的结论。如果没有，当然你就又填补了一项研究空白了。对了，我这个参考思路还有一个重要假定，就是你需要亲自收集、分析第一手资料，而不是仅梳理分析文献。其实作为本科论文，仅作literature review也是可以的（即前面所提第二部分）。不过这得你的指导老师说了算。学术论文的格式相当八股。当你读过一定数量的文献之后，对于更加具体的提纲就会有感觉了。预祝成功。如果需要的话，可以继续交流。