翻译软件仅供参考,不能过分依赖,想要高质量的翻译还是需要专业的翻译人士和平台,个人还是比较信赖北京译顶科技
同医学专业,室友分享给我的一个翻译网站,感觉还可,网站名字叫翻译狗,平时刷文献就靠他了,以前看一篇文献,光是翻译就要花上好久,等翻完了,完全没动力去看文献内容,现在,分分钟就能翻译好
Increased Blood Sugar on hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic apoplexy) the occurrence and development are very important influence, not only as an important risk factor involved in the beginning of HA, resulting in increased incidence of disease, but also to HA after the occurrence of pathological process has a catalytic role to enable hematoma volume expansion, increased edema, increased impairment, affect the blood sugar involved in the mechanism of HA, are manifold, including: lipid metabolic abnormalities, carotid artery remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, hypercoagulability, insulin resistance. Expansion of infarct size and high blood sugar and promoting the development of HA mainly caused by acid poisoning, ischemic injury in areas of apoptosis and other endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and cerebral vascular disease, has attracted people's attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by the prominent role of angiogenesis in vivo and improve vascular permeability; discovered in recent years it also has to stimulate the neurons, glial cells, axonal growth and survival role. COX (cyclooxygenase, COX), is catalyzed arachidonic acid (arachidonic acid, AA) synthesis of prostaglandins (prostgalandin, PG) and thromboxane (thromboxan, TX) of the rate-limiting enzyme. One COX-1 for structural type, exist in most organizations, the catalyst is generated to maintain the normal structure of the PG; COX-2 is induced in physiological conditions, COX-2 in most tissues at very low copy number expression. However, IL-1, TNF and many other inflammation-stimulating factor can induce COX-2 expression. However, current vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase Most studies focused on the relationship between cerebral ischemia and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage on the dynamic changes of VEGF, COX-2 expression in correlation among recognition of hyperglycemia on cerebral hemorrhage injury in danger at the same time, control, treatment of blood glucose levels become a means of treating cerebrovascular disease, in particular, is used to reduce blood sugar levels of insulin into the acute stroke treatment guidelines. Has been found that insulin on acute cerebral hemorrhage around the brain tissue has a protective effect of ischemic injury. Possible mechanisms are: the brain has been found that the existence of insulin receptors, insulin and insulin receptor binding may reduce the brain cells of glucose uptake, thereby reducing the storage of sugar within the brain cells, reduce lactic acid produced by the substrate, fundamentally correct cellular acidosis; the same time, can also lower blood sugar, insulin concentration, increased bleeding surrounding edema and effective blood supply, resulting in relatively low perfusion state of high blood sugar, thereby improving effect of brain damage was the order to understand these two cytokines and diabetes mellitus the relationship between cerebral hemorrhage injury, this study of diabetes on the basis of the model to be adopted by autologous blood injection method to establish a stable animal model of cerebral hemorrhage in this dynamic observation of cerebral hemorrhage on the basis of After the behavioral and brain water content trends, analysis VEGF and COX-2 in the hemorrhagic brain tissue distribution and expression changes, and then explore the VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue damage in cerebral hemorrhage the role and significance, compared to diabetes rats and normal blood sugar difference between the volume of brain edema in rats with an initial observation of the two factors in diabetic rats and normal blood sugar difference between the expression of rat brain hemorrhage, with a view to the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage provide new ways and and methods1. Experimental animals and groupingHealthy adult male Wistar rats, a total of 96, weighing 250 to 280 grams from the Experimental Animal Center of Zhengzhou University. In accordance with the principles of randomized experimental animals were divided into four groups, namely sham operation group, normal blood glucose group, high glucose group and the insulin intervention group. Prizes will be awarded 4 points each time: 6h, 24h, 72h, 7d. At each time points are located at 6 . High blood sugar and insulin production in rat model of intervention methodsPrepared by the light of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats. With STZ 60mg/kg, high blood sugar and insulin in the intervention group rats a single intraperitoneal injection. Value for four rats with normal blood sugar a 6mmol / L, a week after injection, blood glucose ≥ / L for a successful model for alternative use. Model of high blood sugar after the success of the intervention group I rats were normal insulin, abdominal subcutaneous injection, 3 times / d, 4U / times qd for 3 days, the measured blood sugar value of the normal range.
医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译,即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文,在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中,要达到表意准确,必须了解相关领域的知识,熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息,但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题,译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识,比如,因此了解相关领域知识,在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准,历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”,有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的,即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。>为此,在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准:>(一)忠实。应忠实于原内容,准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实,说明的事理,作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。>(二)通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范,用词造句应符合本族语的习惯,要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言,以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。三、过程中要体现语言结构特色(一)词汇上的特点1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域,它一般分为两类:一类是某一专业特有的词汇,这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点;还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇,这类词汇一词多义,必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析,在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。2. 词缀。比如:从词源学的角度来看,在医学英语词汇中,希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计,一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语;来自希腊语,希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀,且每个词缀都有其固定意义,可与不同的词干组成无数新词。3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分,可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语,常用于英语口语和文学作品中,正式词汇大部分是外来词,常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。(二)大量使用名词化结构1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一,因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,而非某一行为。2. 大量使用长句和定语从句医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句,在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑,名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用,简化了句型,增大了信息密度。4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确,第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态。四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。医学论义翻译要提高翻译量,使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准,就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法,如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。(一)引申法。医学论文翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下,灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。(二)增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异,医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词,使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要,如增加表示时态意义的词,增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要,增加原文句子中所省略的词。(三)省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译,以使译文符合语言习惯。(四)词类转换英译汉时,常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词,译成另一种词类的汉语词,以使译文通顺自然,符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法,简称词类转换。(五)领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语,而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。总之,医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。希望能帮到你,也可以自己去找相关的机构帮你
gavin7991 - 举人 四级 说的很详细,但更加简洁明了的说法是:硕士论文用thesis,eg. MA thesis (文学硕士论文),博士论文用dissertation, 学期论文或发表的文章可用paper,essay指篇幅较短小的文章,相当于作文类或散文类
thesis 论文 (一本, 如硕士,博士论文)。paper 文章(发表在杂志上的一篇 一篇的) ÄÕÂ
论文(Paper)或:dissertation(论文)或:thesis(论文)经常说的:)~English dissertation(英语论文)Graduation thesis(毕业论文)
clinic pharmacy
NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth tooth meets the clinical experience treatmentAbstract: objective to investigate NaQing sexual front teeth tooth overburden match not deep treatment of factors, correction method and the matters needing attention. Methods selection NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth and 18 cases, are not case tooth correction. Results treatment completion time 15 to 21 months, average months. Correction by first teeth together, facial side cover normal appearance was coordination. Conclusion anterior tooth NaQing sex should be repeated in deep choosing good indications fits the tooth under treatment.
艾德思可以做这个。
医学英语,一般看你稿件用途是什么,以CE\FDA\CFDA为例,药理和毒理翻译价格就会高于临床或系统资料。综合而言,术语较多,价格就较高。不过只要没有达到比如SCI这种级别的话,一般170左右每千字基本能满足医学类稿件要求(包含送审资料)。医学稿件价格一般要比普通如国际工程类稿件价格要高大约30%,医学稿件价格红线是150每千字,如果低于,必然在专业性或译员资历上有打折。不服来辩哈哈。创思语。
医学翻译还好吧,没有想象中的那么贵,北京世纪英信翻译医学翻译报价根据翻译的语种是决定医学翻译报价的因素之一。因为医学翻译属于专业性较强的翻译,所以价格较普通的翻译会偏高一些。英语的价格是最低的,大约在150到180每千字左右。日语作为小语种,大约在190到250每千字。当然了,如果翻译的是一些说明书或者是按条来的,它的价格一条在5角钱左右。
人工翻译,请放心采纳整体来说,药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配,生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄,以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂,药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是,对于医生和医学学生,药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣,或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。
我翻译以下啊 我突然之间一句话都不想说、就似乎像失去了声音一样、 突然不想说话,似乎失去了声音 忽然间,我不想说一句话,就好像失去了
Objective To evaluate acute and long2term angiographic and clinical outcomes of longstent or multiple overlapped stents (length ≥ 20 mm) implantation for diffuse atherosclerosis lesions inoctogenarians. Methods Long stent or multiple overlapped stents implantation was performed on 111diffuse native coronary lesions ( Group O : 47 lesions in 44 octogenarians ; Group Y: 64 lesions in 58 patientsaged under 60) . Baseline demographic , lesion characteristic , angiographic and procedural details weresimilar in these 2 groups. Six2month clinical and angiographic follow2up was completed in all cases. In2hospital and long2term outcomes were evaluated. Results Procedure success was 100 %for both had in2hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) . There was no significant difference inangiographic binary restenosis ( ≥50 % diameter stenosis) rate between the groups at follow2up ( Group Ovs. Group Y, 1218 % vs1 1019 % at 32month , 2918 % vs. 2616 % at 62month , P > 0105) . The rates oftarget lesion revascularization and MACE at follow2up were less in Group Y, but it showed no statisticalsignificance (718 % vs. 1016 % and 816 % vs. 1114 % at 32month , 1516 % vs. 2314 % and 2017 % % at 62month , respectively , P > 0105) . Conclusions Long stent implantation for diffuse lesionsin octogenarians appears safe and feasible , with high procedural success and favorable long2term outcomes.
你可以去创新医学网上看看,而且还有翻译服务。
人工翻译,请放心采纳整体来说,药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配,生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄,以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂,药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是,对于医生和医学学生,药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣,或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。
当英语论文,或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后,在提交给相关读者阅读之前,必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技,性价比高,我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下
研究论文中国药理学报2010年6月31期 746-752页 【数字对象唯一标识符】:吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究范云,李能明,马胜林,罗吕红,罗芳,黄志宇,于海峰,吴凤琴摘要目的:对未接受过化疗的III期和IV期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,静脉注射吉西他滨,d1、d5,顺铂 d1,以研究吉西他滨(dFdC)的药效学药和药代动力学。方法:一个联合治疗周期,吉西他滨1250 mg/m2,静脉输液30 min,d1、d5,每三周静脉输液一次顺铂75mg/m2,d1。两次注射间隔1hr。观察该方案的毒性反应。此外,第一次输液周期中监测不同时期的吉西他滨(dFdC)及其代谢产物(dFdU)的血药浓度。使用药代动力学软件(PKS)评价吉西他滨及其代谢产物(dFdU)药代动力学参数。结果:共有28名患者参与此项研究,平均年龄54岁(介于27~75岁之间),大多数病人的临床表现良好。27名患者接受了2个或以上的治疗周期。临床总有效率为。中位生存期13个月。估算的肿瘤进展时间(TTP)中位天数为个月,1年生存率为。毒性反应总的较轻。主要毒性为骨髓抑制;的病人出现3/4度血液学毒性,而的病人出现3/4度非血液学毒性——常见的胃肠道反应。吉西他滨及其代谢产物(dFdU)药代动力学参数在注射吉西他滨d1、d5前后无差异。在注入吉西他滨d5前,dFdU(2,2'—双氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷)的最低浓度为± μg/mL,而吉西他滨未检测到。结论:该方案是治疗未接受过化疗的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)晚期患者的有效方案,总体临床耐受性良好。在静脉滴入吉西他滨,d1、d5后,吉西他滨及其代谢产物(dFdU)药代动力学参数较之前无差异,而在注入吉西他滨d5前,dFdU(2,2'—双氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷)浓度最低。
摘要目标为了研究吉西他滨的药效学和药物动力学的作用, 在未做过化疗的IIIB期或IV期非小细胞型肺癌的病人中,在第一天(不确定是什么意思,但估计是day 1 的意思)和第5天给予吉西他滨和顺铂,第5天只单独给予吉西他滨。方法在每一个周期中,第一天和第5天吉西他滨的剂量是1250毫克每平方米,30分钟静脉输液完。第一天在给予吉西他滨后再给与顺铂75毫克每平方米,3小时静脉输液完。每3周一次。两次输液中间间隔一小时。这种治疗的临床反应和毒性被密切观察了。另外,吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢物在不同时间点上的值在第一个周期中被侦察了。药物动力学的软件PKS被用于分析吉西他滨的药物动力学计数和它的代谢产物。结果这次研究中一共有28位病患。中间年龄54岁(从27-75岁),大部分病患处于良好状态。27位病患接受了2次或更多的周期治疗。总体临床反应率为%。总体来说,平均存活时间为13个月。肿瘤发展平均时间为个月,一年存活率是%。毒性可承受。主要毒性是骨髓抑制。的病患有3/4级血液毒性,%有非血液型毒性,比如胃肠道反应。吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢产物的药物动力学计数在给药前和给药后是不同的。吉西他滨的代谢产物最小值 ± μg/mL是在静脉输入吉西他滨之前和不给与吉西他滨的时候。结论这个治疗方法对于非化疗的已发展的非小细胞型肺癌患者是可承受并有作用的。在第一天和第五天给与吉西他滨后,吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢产物的药物动力学计数没有任何不同和在输液前相比。而且在第5天给药前吉西他滨的代谢产物达到最小值。