英文医学论文写作教程pdf

s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.

If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.

First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.

Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.

Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy

Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog

All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。

The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。

有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。

人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。

In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。

其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。

The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.

令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。

In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.

在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。

Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文

Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?

Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.

As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.

范文二：

My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。

医学英语论文的基本格式内容：Title-论文题目Author(s)-作者姓名Affiliation(s)and address(es)-联系方式Abstract-摘要Keywords-关键词Body-正文Acknowledgement-致谢References-参考文献Appendix-附录，可空缺Resume-作者简介，视刊物而定Covering letter投稿信其中正文为论文的主体部分，包括以下五部分：Introduction-引言/概述Materials and Methods-材料和方法Results-结果Discussion-讨论Conclusion-结论/总结2

学术论文写作步骤

一、材料准备

利用图书馆网站资源查阅有关的报刊目录索引、专题目录索引与年鉴等工具书以及制作文献目录卡片。卡片内容包含：

对于单行本，要包含出版单位，报纸包含发行的年月日。

二、确定文章结构

编写提纲的主要作用：

三、写作初稿

初稿的写作是论文形成过程中最艰苦阶段。初稿的目的是要把所有想写的内容全部表达出来，对全部数据和资料进行详细的分析、归类。从初稿的写作过程中还可及时发现前期文献研究工作有无不足或错误。

四、修改

修改是对论文初稿所写的内容不断加深认识，对论文表达形式不断优化，选择直至定稿的过程。论文的修改不只是在语言修辞等枝节上自找毛病，对全文论点及论据进行再次锤炼和推敲也很重要。最后一步才是定稿。经过不断修改，确保论文达到一个基本满意的状态。

医学论文是医学科学研究工作的文字记录和书面总结，是医学科学研究工作的重要组成部分。医学论文报道医学领域领先的科研成果;是医学科学研究工作者辛勤劳动的结晶，是人类医学科学发展和进步的动力。尤其是SCI论文，能使成果向国际上展示，并有可能被人采用和传播，为人类造福，因此，更具有意义与价值，那么一篇好的英文SCI医学论文改怎么写呢?今天小编就为大家一步步分析。英文SCI医学论文应注意的几大环节：写前准备Preparation，论文结构 Structure，论文文题Title，摘要Abstracts，引言Introduction，文章主体Body of Paper，结论 Conclusion，和致谢Acknowledgement。1、Preparation就是收集资料，找出灵感和方向，主要依靠的是期刊和文献journal in library。2、Structure是重点，文章的结构应该：选题要宽，研究方向要窄，然后最后的结论又发散开来。在文章主体前后都必须有声明(declarativestatement)，用最少的字句表达出自己的观点，吸引读者。3、Title必须清晰简短(clear，short)，以提升读者的阅读兴趣，然而文题中切记不能出现缩略语和自己的结论。4、Abstracts 是文章的一个缩影，一定要简明扼要(可为一段文字，篇幅<200字)，按照文章顺序介绍主要研究对象(subject)、实验设计 (design)、实验步骤(procedures)以及最后结果(results)，这种介绍必须让非专业的人员能够看懂。5、引言同样要保证简短，顺序是一般背景介绍、别人工作成果、自己的研究目的及工作简介，其中介绍别人工作时只需介绍和自己最相关的方面，而对自己的工作介绍不用说明细节，因为这个要放到文章正文中去。不要忘记在介绍自己工作之前要有一个声明。6、Body部分可以分为方法methods、讨论discussion和结果result三个部分：(1) Methods，详尽的介绍自己的实验方案以便于他人能够重复自己的实验过程，对于通用的实验方案可以简略，重点要放到自己的独创方案上面，按照实验的先后顺序介绍，为了文章的阅读方便，不要使用过多层次的副标题subheadings。(2)Discussion，这个部分是为了以后的study ，在其中提出自己的 problem 或者是hypothesis，和别人的成果进行比较，暗示自己的主要收获，为后面的conclusion做准备。(3)Result，使用text、table、figure等手段表达出来，其中table不要使用过多，而 figure必须保证图线清楚、注解明确，必要的时候还要对于自己的结论进行解释说明。7、Conclusion中不要包含文章未涉及的信息，保持简洁;如果此文章只是项目的一部分，稍做说明。在写完之后回头看看是否有逻辑上的错误，是否考虑到了读者兴趣等。8、Acknowledgement，不要忘记，这个不仅反应了一个人的个人品质，还一定程度体现了研究水平。

医学论文英文写作教程pdf

医学英语论文的基本格式内容：Title-论文题目Author(s)-作者姓名Affiliation(s)and address(es)-联系方式Abstract-摘要Keywords-关键词Body-正文Acknowledgement-致谢References-参考文献Appendix-附录，可空缺Resume-作者简介，视刊物而定Covering letter投稿信其中正文为论文的主体部分，包括以下五部分：Introduction-引言/概述Materials and Methods-材料和方法Results-结果Discussion-讨论Conclusion-结论/总结2

《英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学》百度网盘免费资源下载

链接:

医学论文是医学科学研究工作的文字记录和书面总结，是医学科学研究工作的重要组成部分。医学论文报道医学领域领先的科研成果;是医学科学研究工作者辛勤劳动的结晶，是人类医学科学发展和进步的动力。尤其是SCI论文，能使成果向国际上展示，并有可能被人采用和传播，为人类造福，因此，更具有意义与价值，那么一篇好的英文SCI医学论文改怎么写呢?今天小编就为大家一步步分析。英文SCI医学论文应注意的几大环节：写前准备Preparation，论文结构 Structure，论文文题Title，摘要Abstracts，引言Introduction，文章主体Body of Paper，结论 Conclusion，和致谢Acknowledgement。1、Preparation就是收集资料，找出灵感和方向，主要依靠的是期刊和文献journal in library。2、Structure是重点，文章的结构应该：选题要宽，研究方向要窄，然后最后的结论又发散开来。在文章主体前后都必须有声明(declarativestatement)，用最少的字句表达出自己的观点，吸引读者。3、Title必须清晰简短(clear，short)，以提升读者的阅读兴趣，然而文题中切记不能出现缩略语和自己的结论。4、Abstracts 是文章的一个缩影，一定要简明扼要(可为一段文字，篇幅<200字)，按照文章顺序介绍主要研究对象(subject)、实验设计 (design)、实验步骤(procedures)以及最后结果(results)，这种介绍必须让非专业的人员能够看懂。5、引言同样要保证简短，顺序是一般背景介绍、别人工作成果、自己的研究目的及工作简介，其中介绍别人工作时只需介绍和自己最相关的方面，而对自己的工作介绍不用说明细节，因为这个要放到文章正文中去。不要忘记在介绍自己工作之前要有一个声明。6、Body部分可以分为方法methods、讨论discussion和结果result三个部分：(1) Methods，详尽的介绍自己的实验方案以便于他人能够重复自己的实验过程，对于通用的实验方案可以简略，重点要放到自己的独创方案上面，按照实验的先后顺序介绍，为了文章的阅读方便，不要使用过多层次的副标题subheadings。(2)Discussion，这个部分是为了以后的study ，在其中提出自己的 problem 或者是hypothesis，和别人的成果进行比较，暗示自己的主要收获，为后面的conclusion做准备。(3)Result，使用text、table、figure等手段表达出来，其中table不要使用过多，而 figure必须保证图线清楚、注解明确，必要的时候还要对于自己的结论进行解释说明。7、Conclusion中不要包含文章未涉及的信息，保持简洁;如果此文章只是项目的一部分，稍做说明。在写完之后回头看看是否有逻辑上的错误，是否考虑到了读者兴趣等。8、Acknowledgement，不要忘记，这个不仅反应了一个人的个人品质，还一定程度体现了研究水平。

英文医学论文写作教程教材pdf

英语医学科研论文的格式和要求

I.格式

The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ICMJE)

(The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, 5th Ed., 1997，URMSBJ)(国际——温哥华格式1979年创建, 2006年2月最新版)*, 一篇生物医学科研论文(以下简称"论文")应包括以下12个部分：

7. Acknowledgements

8. References

9. Legends

and Methods 10. Figures

11. Tables

12. Plates and Explanations

II.要求

1.标题

A. 标题的要求

Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly what you have done in your work.(告诉你的同行确切研究了什么)

(America)Journal of the National Cancer Institute: within 14 words.

The British Journal of Cancer: within 100 letters

China journals: Chinese within 20 words; English within 10 lexical words

要求：

(1) Short and concise(简明扼要)：Write in one line (not a sentence); not containing an active verb; not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces; no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, . DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT, etc.; 中文标题常见的“试论”，“浅谈”，“初探”等词在英文标题中一般不用。我国的国家标准(GB-7713-87)要求将一般英文标题的实词控制在10个词以内。例：Association between Duration of Obesity and Risk of Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus 肥胖期与非依赖胰岛素糖尿病之关系

(2)Informative(信息丰富)：State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;

(3)Indexing(便于索引)：Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it; key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the "Key Words" section of the paper; key words are usually in the beginning or ending place of the title. 标题是读者检索文献的重要标识，是著录题录和索引等第二次文献的重要内容。标题中所选每一个实词必须是正确通用的术语，能提供文献检索，尽量包含关键词。要求尽量把关键词(索引词)安排在标题最前面或最后面的位置上

(4)Highlighting the head word. (突出中心词): 每条标题都有中心词，它们是能高度概括论文中心内容和主题的单词，要将其放在最显著突出的位置。中心词的内容一般是研究方法，研究对象，研究目的或效果，一般为名词，名词短语，分词短语或动名词短语。

例：Knowledge-based Technology in the Service of Health 论卫生事业中的知识技术

Cognitive Impairment and Intracranial Calcification in Chronic Hyparathyroidism 鉴别力受损与颅内钙化——甲状旁腺功能逐渐减退

美国医学写作协会(American Medical Writers Association)医学论文写作要领中对于标题的说明是：

1、Introduce the article into the scientific literature

2、Most important part of the article: the part most often read and often the only part read

3、Keep precise and brief( 85-character limit is typical)

4、Must stand alone: no abbreviations

5、Avoid: “declarative” or “headline” titles; “ Our Experience” titles; asking rhetorical questions in titles:

So start with : Effect of[explanatory variable(s) ]on [ response variable] under[conditions]”

6. 不同的医学期刊对标题的书写规则要求不同，一般有两种形式：

1). Post-transfusion hepatitis: A report of 60 cases

2). A Successful Operation on a Pair of Female Twins With Conjoined Liver

标题中冠词的用法:

1). (The) Treatment of gram-negative shock

2). Carcinoma of the anal canal

Running title

B. 标题的结构

标题的结构一般都用名词作主干的名词短语型，这类标题结构中作为主干词的名词一般带有动词意义，有时也用完整句，以陈述句较多，偶尔也用疑问句。例：

Resolution of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Recovery from Fulminant Hepatic Failure 治疗成年人突发性肝衰竭康复后呼吸窘迫综合症

Using a Title Table to Evaluate Syncope 列表诊断晕厥

表示诊断，治疗方式或药物治疗的标题结构

这类标题中的diagnosis, treatment, therapy 等作主干的名词都带有动词意义，后跟for, in, to, with 等引导的介词短语引出病名或接受诊治的部位及所使用的药物。例：

Adjunctive Therapy with Aspirin in Vernal Conjunctivitis 用阿司匹林辅助治疗春季结膜炎

Basic Approach in the Management of Intraocular Foreign Bodies 眼内异物的基本处理方法

(药物)治疗：A治疗B(A=name of the medicine; B= name of the disease)

A in the treatment/management of B;

treatment of B with A;

use of A in the treatment of B;

A therapy/treatment of B;

这种东西是没有教程的，要是有教程，你语文老师也一定全都教给你了应该广泛阅读，才能厚积薄发

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