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艾滋病的保健教育 你可以把它简化， 把要点抽出AIDS Education One important aspect of a comprehensive AIDS policy is education. Many in our society are ignorant of the facts and need more information. A study of young people in San Francisco revealed that 30 percent believed AIDS could be cured if treated early, and one-third did not know that AIDS cannot be transmitted merely by touching someone with AIDS activists, however, have seen education as the primary or even the sole means of fighting the AIDS epidemic. And while education is certainly important, information alone is not a sufficient means of fighting AIDS. Indeed, there are some serious concerns surrounding AIDS problem is that AIDS information is often dispensed in a so- called value neutral environment. Educators and counselors try to discuss AIDS and human sexuality in an amoral framework. But in attempting to be amoral, they often end up being immoral. Teaching the facts about subjects like condoms and homosexuality without teaching the moral values associated with them is tantamount to encouraging second concern about AIDS education is that it sometimes misrepresents the facts. Various medical and governmental reports, for example, have touted the condom as an effective means of reducing the risk of contracting AIDS. But while it is true that condoms reduce the risk of contracting AIDS, they by no means eliminate used for contraceptive purposes fail about 10 percent of the time over the course of a year. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop warned of the "extraordinarily high" failure rate of condoms among homosexuals. And a study done at the University of Miami Medical School showed that 17 percent of women married to men with AIDS became infected within a year despite the use of , AIDS education is frequently used to promote the homosexual lifestyle. While AIDS is not exclusively a gay disease, it has often been used by gay activists to promote acceptance of homosexuality. Although we should reach out to AIDS victims with compassion, we should not compromise the biblical teaching that homosexuality is unnatural (Rom. 1:26-27) and an abomination (Lev. 18:22).Fourth and last, there is some question about the general effectiveness of AIDS education. While educating people about AIDS may provide them with the basic facts, we should not be so naive as to believe that information alone will necessarily change their behavior. If it did, then our country's massive anti-smoking education programs would have been followed by a precipitous drop in smoking and lung cancer, and the numerous venereal-disease education programs would have substantially reduced the number of sexually transmitted inadequacy of education became evident through a survey that asked students at the University of Maryland about their knowledge of AIDS and their subsequent sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent said they knew condoms can be used to limit the risk of infection of AIDS, but only 30 percent reported increased use of condoms. Eighty-three percent of the male students who said they have homosexual relations said they had made no change in their hasn't AIDS education been more effective? One reason is that people use selective perception to screen out most of the messages they receive. We do not, for example, pay much attention to lawnmower commercials unless we are in the market for a lawnmower. If people do not think they are at risk for AIDS, AIDS information may not get through their perceptual the problem of selective perception is emotional denial. High-risk groups often ignore messages they do not want to hear, and those at risk for AIDS are no and perhaps most important, human sin nature frequently keeps us from doing what is right and leads us to practice evil (Rom. 7:15-19). All have sinned (Rom. 3:23) and fall short of the glory of God, so we should not be surprised that people engage in dangerous sexual behavior even when they are armed with the facts.
忘记了是从那一天起,爱滋病这个略带西方色彩的字眼闯如了我们的生活.它惊醒了沉睡中的我们.让我们认识了爱滋,了解了爱滋,惧怕了爱滋,远离了爱滋病人. 人性就在这时体现了.普存忻这个我不太熟知,但是他是有名的爱滋病大使.也许我连他的名字都不会写,可是我从心里崇拜他,因为他有一颗剔透的心,高尚的灵魂.其实我心里也知道,爱滋病是靠性传播,血液传播,母婴传播的.可是就是人性的自私,我也保护我自己,如果有一个人他站在我面前说要和我握手,而且告诉我他是爱滋病人,恐怕我也会胆怯,我也会踌躇.可是他呢!毅然的和他们握手,吃饭,交流.也许这些在正常人与正常人之间太微不足道了.可是如果是一个正常人和一个爱滋病人之间,那么是多么的崇高的一种气节.是多么的伟大.他们做到了,可是今天的我真的做不到. 人之初,性本善.也许是自私抹杀了我的善良.也许是自己保护的意识让我收起了善良.今天我只能在这里高唱凯歌,百般称赞那些能做到和爱滋病人平等的人,对不起,今天的我依然做不到~ 艾滋病是一种有艾滋病病毒、即人类免疫缺陷病毒入侵人体后破坏人体免疫功能，使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致被感染者死亡的一种严重传染病。天猫爱卫唾液收集器不用抽血在家取样，保护隐私。 全球艾滋病20年来造成2800万人死亡，目前还有4300万患者，并且每天新增病人万人。我国现有65万艾滋病感染者，去年每天新增192人。 艾滋病传染途径主要有三种：一是性接触传播；二是血液传播；三是母婴传播。 目前，艾滋病仍然是不治之症。它威胁着每个人和每个家庭，预防艾滋病是全社会的责任。 ]1、洁身自爱。遵守性道德是预防经性途径传染艾滋病的根本措施。2、使用避孕套。正确使用避孕套不仅能避孕，还能减少感染艾滋病、性病的危险。3、治疗性病。及早治疗并治愈性病可减少艾滋病的感染。正规医院能提供正规、保密的检查、诊断、治疗和服务咨询，必要时可借助当地性病、艾滋病服务热线进行咨询。4、远离毒品。避免共享针头，禁止吸毒，减少血液接触。处理伤口时，一定要注意避免皮肤、眼睛、口腔接触到别人的血液。5、防止交叉传染。避免不必要的输血、注射、使用没有严格消毒的不安全拔牙和美容等，使用经艾滋病病毒抗体检测的血液和血液制品。 只要按照预防艾滋病的方法去做就不会感染到这种病。就可以不让自己的生命白白浪费掉。
一、周密思考，慎重落笔论文提纲论文是一项“系统工程”，在正式动笔之前，要对文章进行通盘思考，检查一下各项准备工作是否已完全就绪。首先，要明确主题。主题是文章的统帅，动笔之前必须想得到十分清楚。清人刘熙载说：“凡作一篇文，其用意俱可以一言蔽之。扩之则为千万言，约之则为一言，所谓主脑者是也。”(《艺概》)作者要想一想，自己文章的主题能否用一句话来概括。主题不明，是绝对不能动手写文的。其次，是理清思路。思路是人订]思想前进的脉络、轨道，是结构的内在依据。动笔之前，对怎样提出问题，怎样分析问题，怎样解决问题，以及使用哪些材料等，都要想清楚。第三，立定格局。所谓“格局”，就是全文的间架、大纲、轮廓。在动笔之前先把它想好“立定”，如全文分几部分，各有哪些层次，先说什么，后说什么，哪里该详，哪里该略，从头至尾都应有个大致的设想。第四，把需要的材料准备好，将各种事实、数据、引文等找来放在手头，以免到用时再去寻找，打断思路。第五，安排好写作时间、地点。写作要有相对集中的时间，比较安静的环境，才能集中精力专心致志地完成毕业论文写作任务。古人说：“袖手于前，方能疾书于后。”鲁迅也曾说，静观默察，烂熟于心;凝神结想，一挥而就。做好了充分的准备，写起来就会很快。有的人不重视写作前的准备，对所写的对象只有一点粗浅的认识就急于动笔，在写作过程中“边施工边设计”，弄得次序颠倒，手忙脚乱，或做或掇，时断时续，结果反而进展缓慢。所以，在起草之前要周密思考，慎重落笔。二、一气呵成，不重“小节”在动笔之前要做好充分的准备，一旦下笔之后，则要坚持不懈地一口气写下去，务必在最短时间内拿出初稿。这是许多文章家的写作诀窍。有的人写文章喜欢咬文嚼字，边写边琢磨词句，遇到想不起的字也要停下来查半天字典。这样写法，很容易把思路打断。其实，初稿不妨粗一些，材料或文字方面存在某些缺陷，只要无关大局。暂时不必去改动它，等到全部初稿写成后，再来加工不迟。鲁迅就是这样做的，他在《致叶紫》的信中说：先前那样十步九回头的作文法，是很不对的，这就是在不断的不相信自己——结果一定做不成。以后应该立定格局之后，一直写下去，不管修辞，也不要回头看。等到成后，搁它几天，然后再来复看，删去若干，改换几字。在创作的途中，一面炼字，真要把感兴打断的。我翻译时，倘想不到适当的字，就把这些字空起来，仍旧译下去，这字待稍暇时再想。否则，能因为一个字，停到大半天。这是鲁迅的经验之谈，对我们写毕业论文也极有启发。三、行于所当行，止于所当止北宋大文学家苏拭在谈到他的散文写作时说：“吾文如万斜泉涌，不择地而出。在乎地，滔滔汩汩，虽一日干里无难;及其与山石曲折，随地赋形而不可知也。所可知者，常行于所当行，常止于不可不止，如是而已矣。”(《文说》)苏拭是唐宋八大散文家之一，作文如行云流水，有神出鬼没之妙，旁人不可企及。但他总结的“行于所当行，止于所不可不止”，则带有一定的普遍性。“行于所当行”，要求作者在写作时，该说的一定要说清楚，不惜笔墨。如一篇文章的有关背景，一段事情的来龙去脉，一种事物的性质特征等，如果是读者所不熟悉的，就应该在文章中讲清楚，交代明白，不能任意苟简，而使文意受到损害，以致出现不周密、不翔实的缺陷。“止于所不能不止”，就是说，不该写的，一字也不可多写，要“惜墨如金”。如果情之所至，任意挥洒，不加节制，也不肯割爱，势必造成枝蔓横生，冗长拖杏，甚至出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的毛病。
艾滋病的保健教育 你可以把它简化， 把要点抽出AIDS Education One important aspect of a comprehensive AIDS policy is education. Many in our society are ignorant of the facts and need more information. A study of young people in San Francisco revealed that 30 percent believed AIDS could be cured if treated early, and one-third did not know that AIDS cannot be transmitted merely by touching someone with AIDS activists, however, have seen education as the primary or even the sole means of fighting the AIDS epidemic. And while education is certainly important, information alone is not a sufficient means of fighting AIDS. Indeed, there are some serious concerns surrounding AIDS problem is that AIDS information is often dispensed in a so- called value neutral environment. Educators and counselors try to discuss AIDS and human sexuality in an amoral framework. But in attempting to be amoral, they often end up being immoral. Teaching the facts about subjects like condoms and homosexuality without teaching the moral values associated with them is tantamount to encouraging second concern about AIDS education is that it sometimes misrepresents the facts. Various medical and governmental reports, for example, have touted the condom as an effective means of reducing the risk of contracting AIDS. But while it is true that condoms reduce the risk of contracting AIDS, they by no means eliminate used for contraceptive purposes fail about 10 percent of the time over the course of a year. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop warned of the "extraordinarily high" failure rate of condoms among homosexuals. And a study done at the University of Miami Medical School showed that 17 percent of women married to men with AIDS became infected within a year despite the use of , AIDS education is frequently used to promote the homosexual lifestyle. While AIDS is not exclusively a gay disease, it has often been used by gay activists to promote acceptance of homosexuality. Although we should reach out to AIDS victims with compassion, we should not compromise the biblical teaching that homosexuality is unnatural (Rom. 1:26-27) and an abomination (Lev. 18:22).Fourth and last, there is some question about the general effectiveness of AIDS education. While educating people about AIDS may provide them with the basic facts, we should not be so naive as to believe that information alone will necessarily change their behavior. If it did, then our country's massive anti-smoking education programs would have been followed by a precipitous drop in smoking and lung cancer, and the numerous venereal-disease education programs would have substantially reduced the number of sexually transmitted inadequacy of education became evident through a survey that asked students at the University of Maryland about their knowledge of AIDS and their subsequent sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent said they knew condoms can be used to limit the risk of infection of AIDS, but only 30 percent reported increased use of condoms. Eighty-three percent of the male students who said they have homosexual relations said they had made no change in their hasn't AIDS education been more effective? One reason is that people use selective perception to screen out most of the messages they receive. We do not, for example, pay much attention to lawnmower commercials unless we are in the market for a lawnmower. If people do not think they are at risk for AIDS, AIDS information may not get through their perceptual the problem of selective perception is emotional denial. High-risk groups often ignore messages they do not want to hear, and those at risk for AIDS are no and perhaps most important, human sin nature frequently keeps us from doing what is right and leads us to practice evil (Rom. 7:15-19). All have sinned (Rom. 3:23) and fall short of the glory of God, so we should not be surprised that people engage in dangerous sexual behavior even when they are armed with the facts.
3 艾滋病健康知识教育对收容教育女性艾滋病乐观偏差的效果评价及启示 陈静; 蒋索; 陈月凤 温州医学院学生处; 温州医学院环境与公共卫生学院 【期刊】中国医学伦理学 2009-10-05 27 4 贫困地区艾滋病社会救助机制构建的对策探讨——对安徽阜阳地区艾滋病的调研 叶良均; 俞宁; 黄邦汉 安徽农业大学人文学院; 安徽农业大学人文学院 安徽合肥; 安徽合肥 【期刊】医学与哲学(人文社会医学版) 2006-02-08 4 121 17 受艾滋病影响的儿童受教育权状况调查研究——对受艾滋病影响儿童受教育权的社会控制与反歧视对策分析 刘玉强; 窦云云 云南大学法学院; 云南大学国际关系研究院 【期刊】法制与社会 2009-11-25 1 87 18 艾滋病感染孕产妇接受预防艾滋病母婴传播措施情况及对策分析 王爱玲; 乔亚萍; 苏穗青; 王临虹 中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心 【期刊】中国妇幼保健 2006-07-28 15 103 19 浅谈AIDS防治难点及对策——附HIV感染者和AIDS病人5例 杨绪红; 刘伯雁; 崔峰 山东省淄博市卫生防疫站; 山东省淄博市卫生防疫站 淄博市 【期刊】中国热带医学 2003-05-28 0
1、艾滋病对个人的危害 生理上讲，艾滋病病毒感染者一旦发展成艾滋病人，健康状况就会迅速恶化，患者身体上要承受巨大的痛苦，最后被夺去生命。 心理、社会上讲，艾滋病病毒感染者一旦知道自己感染了艾滋病病毒，心理上会产生巨大的压力。 另外，艾滋病病毒感染者容易受到社会的歧视，很难得到亲友的关心和照顾。 2、艾滋病对家庭的危害 社会上对艾滋病人及感染者的种种歧视态度会殃及其家庭，他们的家庭成员和他们一样，也要背负其沉重的心理负担。由此容易产生家庭不和，甚至导致家庭破裂。 因为多数艾滋病病人及感染者处于养家糊口的年龄，往往是家庭经济的主要来源。当他们本身不能再工作，又需要支付高额的医药费时，其家庭经济状况就会很快恶化。有艾滋病病人的家庭，其结局一般都是留下孤儿无人抚养，或留下父母无人养老送终。 3、艾滋病对社会的危害 艾滋病主要侵害那些年富力强的20-45岁的成年人，而这些成年人是社会的生产者、家庭的抚养者、国家的保卫者。艾滋病削弱了社会生产力，减缓了经济增长，人均出生期望寿命降低，民族素质下降，国力减弱。社会的歧视和不公正待遇将许多艾滋病人及感染者推向社会，造成社会的不安定因素，使犯罪率升高，社会秩序和社会稳定遭到破坏。 4、艾滋病对儿童的影响 艾滋病使千千万万的儿童沦为孤儿，使千万无辜儿童被迫承受失去亲人的痛苦，还要经常忍受人们的歧视、失学、营养不良以及过重的劳动负担。 艾滋病是我们人类共同的敌人，要消灭艾滋病需要全社会的共同努力，需要培养预防艾滋病的社会责任感，需要从"我"做起。
World Aids Day According to UNAIDS（联合国艾滋病规划署）estimates there were million adults and million children living with HIV at the end of 2002, and during the year 5 million new people became infected with the virus. Around half of all people who become infected with HIV do so before they are 25 and are killed by AIDS before they are 35. 95% of the total number of people with HIV live in the developing world. But HIV still remains a threat to people of all ages and nationalities. Stigma and Discrimination is the theme of the 2003 World AIDS day. In many parts of the world, discrimination prevents people who are known to have HIV from securing a job or caring for their families. Discrimination can cause isolation and marginalizes（排斥）people who have HIV and AIDS. This can prevent people from being offered or seeking the treatment which could save their lives. In order for HIV to be effectively tackled on an international level, efforts need to be made to End the discrimination against people with HIV and AIDS. Educate people in safer sex and drug use, using appropriate media. Provide condoms freely to people in the developing world. Provide financial and medical assistance so that people with HIV and AIDS can be treated. Started in 1988, World AIDS Day is not just about raising money, but also about raising awareness, education and fighting prejudice. World AIDS Day is also important in reminding people that HIV has not gone away, and that there are many things still to be done. Themes for World Aids Day The theme for world AIDS day 2003 is Stigma and Discrimination. Each year there is a particular theme chosen for World AIDS Day, and for the last fourteen years the themes have been as follows: 2004 Women and AIDS 2003 Stigma and Discrimination 2002 Stigma and Discrimination 2001 I care. Do you? 2000 AIDS : Men make a difference 1999 Listen, Learn, Live: World AIDS Campaign with Children and Young People 1998 Force For Change: World AIDS Campaign With Young People 1997 Children Living in a World with AIDS 1996 One World, One Hope 1995 Shared Rights, Shared Responsibilities 1994 AIDS and the Family 1993 Time to Act 1992 Community Commitment 1991 Sharing the Challenge 1990 Women & AIDS 1989 Youth 1988 Communication The Red Ribbon The Red Ribbon is an international symbol of AIDS awareness that is worn by people all year round and particularly around world AIDS day to demonstrate care and concern about HIV and AIDS, and to remind others of the need for their support and commitment. The red ribbon started as a "grass roots" effort, and as a result there is no official red ribbon, and many people make their own. To make your own ribbons, get some ordinary red ribbon, about cms wide and cut it into strips about 15 cms long. Then fold at the top into an inverted "V" shape and put a safety pin through the centre which you use to attach the ribbon to your clothing.
.文艾防艾论坛 可以领公益试纸.
艾滋病的保健教育 你可以把它简化， 把要点抽出AIDS Education One important aspect of a comprehensive AIDS policy is education. Many in our society are ignorant of the facts and need more information. A study of young people in San Francisco revealed that 30 percent believed AIDS could be cured if treated early, and one-third did not know that AIDS cannot be transmitted merely by touching someone with AIDS activists, however, have seen education as the primary or even the sole means of fighting the AIDS epidemic. And while education is certainly important, information alone is not a sufficient means of fighting AIDS. Indeed, there are some serious concerns surrounding AIDS problem is that AIDS information is often dispensed in a so- called value neutral environment. Educators and counselors try to discuss AIDS and human sexuality in an amoral framework. But in attempting to be amoral, they often end up being immoral. Teaching the facts about subjects like condoms and homosexuality without teaching the moral values associated with them is tantamount to encouraging second concern about AIDS education is that it sometimes misrepresents the facts. Various medical and governmental reports, for example, have touted the condom as an effective means of reducing the risk of contracting AIDS. But while it is true that condoms reduce the risk of contracting AIDS, they by no means eliminate used for contraceptive purposes fail about 10 percent of the time over the course of a year. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop warned of the "extraordinarily high" failure rate of condoms among homosexuals. And a study done at the University of Miami Medical School showed that 17 percent of women married to men with AIDS became infected within a year despite the use of , AIDS education is frequently used to promote the homosexual lifestyle. While AIDS is not exclusively a gay disease, it has often been used by gay activists to promote acceptance of homosexuality. Although we should reach out to AIDS victims with compassion, we should not compromise the biblical teaching that homosexuality is unnatural (Rom. 1:26-27) and an abomination (Lev. 18:22).Fourth and last, there is some question about the general effectiveness of AIDS education. While educating people about AIDS may provide them with the basic facts, we should not be so naive as to believe that information alone will necessarily change their behavior. If it did, then our country's massive anti-smoking education programs would have been followed by a precipitous drop in smoking and lung cancer, and the numerous venereal-disease education programs would have substantially reduced the number of sexually transmitted inadequacy of education became evident through a survey that asked students at the University of Maryland about their knowledge of AIDS and their subsequent sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent said they knew condoms can be used to limit the risk of infection of AIDS, but only 30 percent reported increased use of condoms. Eighty-three percent of the male students who said they have homosexual relations said they had made no change in their hasn't AIDS education been more effective? One reason is that people use selective perception to screen out most of the messages they receive. We do not, for example, pay much attention to lawnmower commercials unless we are in the market for a lawnmower. If people do not think they are at risk for AIDS, AIDS information may not get through their perceptual the problem of selective perception is emotional denial. High-risk groups often ignore messages they do not want to hear, and those at risk for AIDS are no and perhaps most important, human sin nature frequently keeps us from doing what is right and leads us to practice evil (Rom. 7:15-19). All have sinned (Rom. 3:23) and fall short of the glory of God, so we should not be surprised that people engage in dangerous sexual behavior even when they are armed with the facts.
爱滋病传播途径及预防方法 摘要:艾滋病的医学全称为:"获得性免疫缺陷综合症",英文缩写"AIDS",是由人体感染人类免疫缺陷病毒即艾滋病毒(HIV)引起的免疫缺陷综合症. 大多数感染了艾滋病病毒的人,仍然是健康的,并能在没有症状或只有轻微疾病的情况下生活多年.即使他们看起来健康,自己也感觉健康的时候,他们仍能够将艾滋病病毒传染给其他人,终生具有传染性. HIV 具有严格的宿主特异性,可感染人类并导致AIDS.在实验条件下,HIV-1可感染黑猩猩,HIV-2可感染恒河猴,可导致病血症及血清抗体转为阳性,但不能引起动物发病.从HIV感染者外周血,精液,乳汁,脑脊液,唾液,泪液和其他体液中均可分离到病毒,不过目前尚无经泪液,唾液和汁液等感染HIV的报道.HIV一般通过血液和精液和,其传播途径主要包括: (1)性传播,通过性行为在男同性恋者之间及异性间传播,也可通过人工授精传播; (2)血液传播,通过接受HIV感染者捐献的血液或器官,使用受HIV污染的血染液制品或与HIV感染者共用注射针头而被感染,此外,接触HIV感染者体液或HIV培养物的医务人员和实验人员存在感染HIV的职业危险性; (3)母婴传播,感染HIV者的母亲,可在子宫内或在分娩时将HIV传染给新生儿(Connor,1997).除此之外,人与人的一般接触并不会导致HIV的传播,对此不必过分敏感和恐惧. 在体外,HIV可感染CD4+T淋巴细胞(T4细胞)和单核-巨噬细胞,在其中增殖并引起细胞病变中,表明CD4+T淋巴细胞和单核-巨噬细胞是HIV主要的靶细胞.此外,HIV还可感染正常B淋巴细胞,经EB病毒转化形成的B淋巴母细胞系,小胶质细胞,神经胶质细胞,中幼粒细胞及多种细胞系 (O'Brien,1997) 在体内,HIV除感染结缔组织中的CD4+T淋巴细胞,单核-巨噬细胞,B淋巴细胞,中幼粒细胞和滤泡树突状细胞外,还可感染上皮组织中的朗格汉细胞(Langerhanscell)及神经组织中的小胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞,星形胶质细胞和脑内皮细胞,其分布遍及骨骼,胸腺,脑,心,肺,肠,眼,肾,皮肤和性腺等器官(Dittmar,1997a).HIV具有如此广泛的细胞和组织嗜性,同它所引起的CD4+T淋巴细胞缺陷,淋巴腺病,卡波西肉瘤以及神经系统损伤等多脏器症状是相吻合的. 高度的变异性是HIV及其他反转录病毒所具有的显著特征.突变主要来自反转录过程,其中env和nef等基因变异幅度最大,而gag和pol等则相对保守,变异程度较低且多为沉默的点突变.根据env和gag等基因的变异, 至少可将HIV-1划分为2群,共11个亚型.其中M(main)群由10个亚型组成,即A-J亚型.欧美主要为B亚型,非洲流行A,C,D,E等亚型; 在我国B亚型占优势,其次为C亚弄和A亚型;此外,M群中还存在着各亚型之间的嵌合体(mosaic),如A/E,G/A等.O(outlier)群主要分布于西百和中非,由于成员较少,常被视为一个亚型(O亚型).根据同样的方法,可将HIV-2划分为A,B等亚型(UNAIDS,1997).不仅各地区或不同个体之间HIV存在很大的变异,即使在同一个体内部,差异同样明显.事实上,每个HIV感染者所携带的都是一个异质性的病毒群体,各种突变株共存于体内.高度变异性有助于HIV逃避宿主的免疫监视,同时也为HIV感染的预防,诊断和治疗设置了巨大的障碍. 怎样预防艾滋病 针对不同传播途径,科学家们建议应当采取以下措施: 1,预防艾滋病的性传播 洁身自爱,保持忠贞单一的性关系; 发生危险性行为时正确使用避孕套; 及时治疗性病. 2,预防艾滋病的血液传播 不使用未经检测的血液及血液制品. 不吸毒,不与别人共用针具吸毒. 穿耳或身体穿刺,文身,针刺疗法或者任何需要侵入性的刺破皮肤的过程,都有一定的艾滋病病毒传播危险. 3,母婴传播预防 艾滋病病毒可在怀孕,分娩或者孩子出生后的母乳喂养过程中传播. 感染艾滋病病毒的妇女应避免怀孕,如怀孕应人工流产. 孕,产妇在分娩前,后使用抗病毒药物,可降低母婴传播的几率. 采用人工喂养,也可减少艾滋病病毒感染的危险性.
3 艾滋病健康知识教育对收容教育女性艾滋病乐观偏差的效果评价及启示 陈静; 蒋索; 陈月凤 温州医学院学生处; 温州医学院环境与公共卫生学院 【期刊】中国医学伦理学 2009-10-05 27 4 贫困地区艾滋病社会救助机制构建的对策探讨——对安徽阜阳地区艾滋病的调研 叶良均; 俞宁; 黄邦汉 安徽农业大学人文学院; 安徽农业大学人文学院 安徽合肥; 安徽合肥 【期刊】医学与哲学(人文社会医学版) 2006-02-08 4 121 17 受艾滋病影响的儿童受教育权状况调查研究——对受艾滋病影响儿童受教育权的社会控制与反歧视对策分析 刘玉强; 窦云云 云南大学法学院; 云南大学国际关系研究院 【期刊】法制与社会 2009-11-25 1 87 18 艾滋病感染孕产妇接受预防艾滋病母婴传播措施情况及对策分析 王爱玲; 乔亚萍; 苏穗青; 王临虹 中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心 【期刊】中国妇幼保健 2006-07-28 15 103 19 浅谈AIDS防治难点及对策——附HIV感染者和AIDS病人5例 杨绪红; 刘伯雁; 崔峰 山东省淄博市卫生防疫站; 山东省淄博市卫生防疫站 淄博市 【期刊】中国热带医学 2003-05-28 0
五篇太多了、如果是一篇我还可以式一式。
分段写，第一段，第二段……
忘记了是从那一天起,爱滋病这个略带西方色彩的字眼闯如了我们的生活.它惊醒了沉睡中的我们.让我们认识了爱滋,了解了爱滋,惧怕了爱滋,远离了爱滋病人. 人性就在这时体现了.普存忻这个我不太熟知,但是他是有名的爱滋病大使.也许我连他的名字都不会写,可是我从心里崇拜他,因为他有一颗剔透的心,高尚的灵魂.其实我心里也知道,爱滋病是靠性传播,血液传播,母婴传播的.可是就是人性的自私,我也保护我自己,如果有一个人他站在我面前说要和我握手,而且告诉我他是爱滋病人,恐怕我也会胆怯,我也会踌躇.可是他呢!毅然的和他们握手,吃饭,交流.也许这些在正常人与正常人之间太微不足道了.可是如果是一个正常人和一个爱滋病人之间,那么是多么的崇高的一种气节.是多么的伟大.他们做到了,可是今天的我真的做不到. 人之初,性本善.也许是自私抹杀了我的善良.也许是自己保护的意识让我收起了善良.今天我只能在这里高唱凯歌,百般称赞那些能做到和爱滋病人平等的人,对不起,今天的我依然做不到~ 艾滋病是一种有艾滋病病毒、即人类免疫缺陷病毒入侵人体后破坏人体免疫功能，使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致被感染者死亡的一种严重传染病。天猫爱卫唾液收集器不用抽血在家取样，保护隐私。 全球艾滋病20年来造成2800万人死亡，目前还有4300万患者，并且每天新增病人万人。我国现有65万艾滋病感染者，去年每天新增192人。 艾滋病传染途径主要有三种：一是性接触传播；二是血液传播；三是母婴传播。 目前，艾滋病仍然是不治之症。它威胁着每个人和每个家庭，预防艾滋病是全社会的责任。 ]1、洁身自爱。遵守性道德是预防经性途径传染艾滋病的根本措施。2、使用避孕套。正确使用避孕套不仅能避孕，还能减少感染艾滋病、性病的危险。3、治疗性病。及早治疗并治愈性病可减少艾滋病的感染。正规医院能提供正规、保密的检查、诊断、治疗和服务咨询，必要时可借助当地性病、艾滋病服务热线进行咨询。4、远离毒品。避免共享针头，禁止吸毒，减少血液接触。处理伤口时，一定要注意避免皮肤、眼睛、口腔接触到别人的血液。5、防止交叉传染。避免不必要的输血、注射、使用没有严格消毒的不安全拔牙和美容等，使用经艾滋病病毒抗体检测的血液和血液制品。 只要按照预防艾滋病的方法去做就不会感染到这种病。就可以不让自己的生命白白浪费掉。
一、发病机理二、发病症状三、传播途径四、预防措施五、关爱艾滋病人...
导语：医学检验是运用现代物理化学方法、手段进行医学诊断的一门学科，主要研究如何通过实验室技术、医疗仪器设备为临床诊断、治疗提供依据。下面我分享医学检验毕业论文，欢迎参考！
随着社会经济的发展, 科技的进步, 人民的文化和生活水平的提高, 人们对医疗服务的理解和要求越来越高, 法律意识也不断增强。所以医疗纠纷事件时有发生。就检验科的工作性质而言, 是较容易引起医疗纠纷的科室。
《医疗事故处理条例》中第二章第十条: 患者有权复印或复制其住院病历、体温单、医嘱单、化验单等。所以检验报告单的质量是检验科的生命所在。检验人员对患者的标本进行各种项目的分析和检测,而其结果的准确性和可靠性,直接影响到临床医生对患者的诊断和治疗。
随着医疗事故处理条例的实施和举证倒置的出台, 临床医生和患者对检验质量提出了更高的要求。如何防范与处理医院检验科医疗纠纷进行以下总结：
1.优质服务, 做好“ 重点” 防范
《医院文明用语规范》人手一册加强医务人员语言修养,用语文明,态度和蔼,消灭影响医患关系的服务忌语,做到“三个良好”，即业务素质、职业道德、服务态度良好。重点防范以下具有纠纷倾向的患者, 包括技术要求高、心理特殊、检查费用高等患者。
具有纠纷倾向的医务人员, 包括综合素质欠佳、责任心不够强、服务态度差者。具有纠纷倾向的时间段,包括工作人员少, 独立处理问题的时间段,如交接班,值班的时间,节假日时间。具有纠纷倾向的常用检验项目等。检验科的重点就是检验质量问题，比如结果的准确性、可靠性、
及时性, 项目收费的合理性等, 检验科必须有证据证明各项操作是规范的、结果的报告是及时的、收费是合理的。
2.宣传教育为主,提高检验人员的法律意识，把相关法律规范落到实处
根据《医疗事故处理条例》对医疗事故的定义，医疗机构和医务人员在现有技术条件下，依据有关的法律、法规、规章制度、技术规范从事医疗活动，即使出现难以避免的.人身损害，也不构成医疗事故。因此，检验人员必须认真学习《条例》和有关的法律、法规。
例如执业医师法、药品管理法、母婴保健法、献血法、传染病防治法、职业病防治法、医疗机构管理条例、血液制品管理条例、全国临床检验操作规程及某些部门和地方规范等。《医疗事故处理条例》的实施对医院检验科的工作既是压力又是促进规范化建设的机遇和动力。
如何提高检验质量,密切与临床关系,共同防范医疗事故的发生,强化检验科自我完善,自我约束,自我保护意识是检验科今后工作的重要部分,检验科工作人员必须认真学习和熟悉《医疗事故处理条例》在内的相关法律、法规和规定。
3.建立完整的规章制度和操作规范
实验室管理者应根据实验室实际情况认真研究制定严格的规章制度，做到有章可循，有章必循。同时应根据实验室开展的各类实验项目，结合最新版的《临床检验操作规程》与最新检验技术，制定与实验室适应的标准操作规程，编制操作手册。实验室工作按照标准化程序运转，医技人员执行标准化操作，这是预防与减少检
验医疗纠纷非常重要的一环。规范的操作规程是检验科工作的根本，《医疗事故处理条例》中所称的医疗事故的基本条件之一是医务人员在医疗活动中违反了操作规程, 而规范的操作是保证检验结果准确无误的根本。
所以, 我们不但要建立严格的SOP( 操作规程) 文件( 内容包括标本采集、运送、贮存的要求。实验方法、原理、步骤、试剂和仪器、实验工作条件、标准物、干扰物影响、分析物参考值、质控措施等等) , 而且还应当严格地去执行。这一全程的质量管理体系, 操作规程的严格实施是举证的重要依据。
4.做好室内质量控制和室间质量评价
室内质控是提高检验质量的基础，每次测定标本的时候都要用已知的定值物来监控本次测定结果的质量，只有所得的质控结果在规定的范围内，所测定的临床标本结果才可靠，否则必须先校正好仪器，再用于临床标本的检测。
对于无定值质控物的检测项目，要注意试验的反应曲线，以及结果的精密度是否良好。室间质评是衡量本实验室与其他实验室存在的差距，是对检测实验室结果准确性的一个综合评价指标，检验人员要认真对待，争取取得好的成绩。
必须认真对待每一次室内、室间质量控制并做好记录, 有项目失控时应做好失控分析、失控纠正措施和记录。优良的室内质控和室间质评成绩，是发生纠纷时进行举证的重要参考依据。
5.严格标本采集、送检和保管
合格的检测标本是保证检验结果准确的基础。临床标本的采集，通常是由护士或临床医生来实施，检验科以前很少关注，而只管检测，
但常会发生临床标本因采集方法不正确，而得到错误的检验结果。为避免出现这种情况，检验科应该主动地、经常地指导临床工作者，有条件的还可以提供标本采集和保存的有关知识手册，便于临床检索。
通过这些工作力争临床能够提供良好的达标的送检标本，避免因标本质量不合格而重复采集标本，预防医疗纠纷的发生。为了避免检验结果的有误，检验标本至少保留3天。
尤其是定性类检测的标本，如肝炎、艾滋病等病原体指标的测定，阳性结果的标本至少要保存7-10天，以便在患者对检测结果有疑问时，能够重新取出标本进行测定。
6.应重视检验结果的原始记录
各种检测项目的结果是有法律效力的。医疗工作存在高风险和不可预测性, 而使原始记录在医疗纠纷处理过程中起着重要的作用。假若某个医务人员因更改结果而引发医疗纠纷, 如果检验人员没有做好原始记录, 就会出现责任不清等问题而招来麻烦。
所以各项目结果的原始记录要认真记录, 如仪器型号、试剂批号、有效期、阴阳性对照, 标本接收等等, 这也是检验工作的一部分, 是反映检验质量管理的直接证据。因此建立健全原始记录制度, 使其规范化、科学化, 举证责任势在必行, 至关重要。
7.加强自我保护意识
影响检验结果的因素有很多, 有客观的、主观的, 也有人为的如标本采集错误,名字张冠李戴; 标本留取的时间不正确; 或者采集后放置时间过长; 或者用错采集管等等造成检测结果的不准确而引起医疗纠纷。因此, 在报告单上必须注明本结果仅对所测标本
负责。接收标本时, 对不合格的标本应退回。当检测结果不符时, 要与临床进行必要的沟通联系并建议复查。由于标本放置过长有些化学成分变化较大, 对不能及时检测的标本, 要按要求正确保存。检验报告单要书写清楚, 对结果描述要科学严谨。报告单上检验者的签名最好用手工签写, 核对无误后再发出报告为妥。
8.重视对可疑报告的复查
临床检验中，对于数值类的检测报告，如血液常规、生化项目等的检测，结果特别异常的，首先要与临床医生联系，若结果与临床诊断不相符合，必须重新检测该标本;如再次测定的结果与前次无明显的差异，则把这两次的测定结果一起反馈给临床医生，并在复查的结果报告单上注明复查结果，以引起临床医生的注意，必要时重新抽血进行复查。
若结果与前次相差较大，表明自己工作中存在失误或仪器有问题，有待于进一步解决后，才能发出检验报告。
9.加强工作责任心 , 加强与临床科室的联系沟通
检验工作是医院医疗工作的重要部分。提高检验质量是检验科工作的重点, 为临床科室提供快速、准确的检验结果是我们检验工作者的职责。所以在日常的工作中对每一份标本, 我们都必须以高度的责任心认真对待, 把质量放在第一位。
在工作中也常遇到临床医师指责我们检验科工作服务不到位, 结果不准确等现象。这时我们一方面先检查自己的工作是否做好,另一方面检验人员应不断加强与临床医生的沟通，将各项检验的目的、用途、意义、对结果的分析和解释等整理出来，发给临床医生;在检验结果异常时及时与临床医生联系，核实结果是否与患者病情吻合;与临床医生定期交流，交换意见，及时将临床反馈的信息认真加以总结，以不断改进检验质量。如果是我们的工作未做好, 则应虚心听取及时改进。对阳性指征结果要为患者保密, 不泄露患者隐私。
10.完善检验报告单的书写
形式上，检验报告应该遵循《病历书写基本规范(试行)》的要求，做到完整、准确、及时。切忌涂改、伪造检验报告。对于报告复核过程中，需要修改的地方，不能涂抹，而应该将错误的内容用横线删除，保留字迹清晰可辨，再将正确的内容书写在旁边。内容上，检验报告的描述应该力求科学、客观、严谨，最好注明 “仅对所检测的标本负责”。对于所检测的结果都要逐一认真登记，以便在报告单发生丢失时，能及时给予补报。
重点防范检验报告单的质量, 避免检验报告医疗纠纷。重点做好“三查三对”工作, 即查对患者姓名床号、标本类型及检验项目。认真核查检验报告, 并且详细登记,实行签字负责制。每天无论普通患者还是急诊患者,为防止申请单、标本和检验结果的遗失，做好每个环节的时间记录, 记录随着标本一起传送的措施。
送检标本要记录标本送人时间年、月、日、时、分、科别、姓名、号、床号、标本类型、检验项目等, 送检人和接收人签字。检验结果偏高或偏低, 时阴时阳或结果难以解释的报告, 不轻易发出, 应与临床科联系, 说明情况并认真复查后方可发出报告,登记本上详细记录标本结果及签收人的
姓名和处理情况。急诊标本及时处理, 及时电话通知, 做到以内发出报告。标本检测后保留, 以备复查及核对。
11.加强交流，共同进步
总之，正确防范检验工作中的医疗纠纷，需要检验人员培养良好的职业道德，改进服务态度，严格遵守相关的法律、法规、规章制度和技术规范，不断增强质量意识，加强与临床医生的沟通，增强工作中的自我防护意识，努力做好这些，可以有效预防检验工作中医疗纠纷的发生。
写一篇关于艾滋病的论文，要从 写一篇关于艾滋病的论文，要从那几 个方面着手呢？给我设计个提纲啊。 那几 个方面着手呢？给我设计个提纲啊。
分段写，第一段，第二段……