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英文演讲：奥巴马演讲 公布抗击艾滋病战略1 THE PRESIDENT: Hello, everybody! Hello! (Applause.) Hello. Hello, hello, hello. Hello. Well, good evening, everybody. This is a pretty feisty（活跃的，吵闹的） group here. (Laughter.)AUDIENCE MEMBER: We love you, President!THE PRESIDENT: Love you back. Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you. Well, it is a privilege（特权，优待） to speak with all of you. Welcome to the White me begin by welcoming the Cabinet Secretaries who are here. I know I saw at least one of them, Kathleen Sebelius, our outstanding Secretary of Health and Human Services. (Applause.) I want to thank all the members of Congress who are present and all the distinguished guests（贵宾） that are here -- that includes all of particular, I want to recognize Ambassador Eric Goosby, our Global AIDS Coordinator. (Applause.) Eric’s leadership of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief is doing so much to save so many lives around the world. He will be leading our delegation to the International AIDS Conference in Vienna next week. And so I’m grateful for his outstanding service. (Applause.)And I want to also thank the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS. (Applause.) Thank you -- and the Federal HIV Interagency Working Group for all the work that they are doing. So thank you very much. (Applause.)Now, it’s been nearly 30 years since a CDC publication called Morbidity（发病率，病态） and Mortality Weekly Report first documented five cases of an illness that would come to be known as HIV/AIDS. In the beginning, of course, it was known as the “gay disease” –- a disease surrounded by fear and misunderstanding; a disease we were too slow to confront and too slow to turn back. In the decades since -– as epidemics have emerged in countries throughout Africa and around the globe -– we’ve grown better equipped, as individuals and as nations, to fight this activists, researchers, community leaders who’ve waged a battle against AIDS for so long, including many of you here in this room, we have learned what we can do to stop the spread of the disease. We’ve learned what we can do to extend the lives of people living with it. And we’ve been reminded of our obligations to one another -– obligations that, like the virus itself, transcend（胜过，超越） barriers of race or station or sexual orientation or faith or the question is not whether we know what to do, but whether we will do it. (Applause.) Whether we will fulfill those obligations; whether we will marshal（整理，引领） our resources and the political will to confront a tragedy that is of us are here because we are committed to that cause. We’re here because we believe that while HIV transmission rates in this country are not as high as they once were, every new case is one case too many. We’re here because we believe in an America where those living with HIV/AIDS are not viewed with suspicion, but treated with respect; where they’re provided the medications and health care they need; where they can live out their lives as fully as their health we’re here because of the extraordinary men and women whose stories compel（强迫，迫使） us to stop this scourge（鞭，灾祸） . I’m going to call out a few people here -- people like Benjamin Banks, who right now is completing a master’s degree in public health, planning a family with his wife, and deciding whether to run another half-marathon. Ben has also been HIV-positive for 29 years -– a virus he contracted during cancer surgery as a child. So inspiring others to fight the disease has become his ’re here because of people like Craig Washington, who after seeing what was happening in his community -– friends passing away; life stories sanitized（消毒，使清洁） , as he put it, at funerals; homophobi（对同性恋的恐惧） , all the discrimination that surrounded the disease –- Craig got tested, disclosed his status, with the support of his partner and his family, and took up the movement for prevention and awareness in which he is a leader ’re here because of people like Linda Scruggs. (Applause.) Linda learned she was HIV-positive about two decades ago when she went in for prenatal care. Then and there, she decided to turn her life around, and she left a life of substance abuse behind, she became an advocate for women, she empowered them to break free from what she calls the bondage（奴役，束缚） of secrecy. She inspired her son, who was born healthy, to become an AIDS activist ’re here because of Linda and Craig and Ben, and because of over 1 million Americans living with HIV/AIDS and the nearly 600,000 Americans who’ve lost their lives to the disease. It’s on their behalf -– and on the behalf of all Americans -– that we began a national dialogue about combating AIDS at the beginning of this recent months, we’ve held 14 community discussions. We’ve spoken with over 4,200 people. We’ve received over 1,000 recommendations on the White House website, devising an approach not from the top down but from the bottom today, we’re releasing our National HIV/AIDS Strategy, which is the product -- (applause) -- which is the product of these conversations, and conversations with HIV-positive Americans and health care providers, with business leaders, with faith leaders, and the best policy and scientific minds in our , I know that this strategy comes at a difficult time for Americans living with HIV/AIDS, because we’ve got cash-strapped states who are being forced to cut back on essentials, including assistance for AIDS drugs. I know the need is great. And that’s why we’ve increased federal assistance each year that I’ve been in office, providing an emergency supplement this year to help people get the drugs they need, even as we pursue a national strategy that focuses on three central goal: prevention. We can’t afford to rely on any single prevention method alone, so our strategy promotes a comprehensive approach to reducing the number of new HIV infections -– from expanded testing so people can learn their status, to education so people can curb risky behaviors, to drugs that can prevent a mother from transmitting a virus to her support our new direction, we’re investing $30 million in new money, and I’ve committed to working with Congress to make sure these investments continue in the future.
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World Aids Day According to UNAIDS（联合国艾滋病规划署）estimates there were million adults and million children living with HIV at the end of 2002, and during the year 5 million new people became infected with the virus. Around half of all people who become infected with HIV do so before they are 25 and are killed by AIDS before they are 35. 95% of the total number of people with HIV live in the developing world. But HIV still remains a threat to people of all ages and nationalities. Stigma and Discrimination is the theme of the 2003 World AIDS day. In many parts of the world, discrimination prevents people who are known to have HIV from securing a job or caring for their families. Discrimination can cause isolation and marginalizes（排斥）people who have HIV and AIDS. This can prevent people from being offered or seeking the treatment which could save their lives. In order for HIV to be effectively tackled on an international level, efforts need to be made to End the discrimination against people with HIV and AIDS. Educate people in safer sex and drug use, using appropriate media. Provide condoms freely to people in the developing world. Provide financial and medical assistance so that people with HIV and AIDS can be treated. Started in 1988, World AIDS Day is not just about raising money, but also about raising awareness, education and fighting prejudice. World AIDS Day is also important in reminding people that HIV has not gone away, and that there are many things still to be done. Themes for World Aids Day The theme for world AIDS day 2003 is Stigma and Discrimination. Each year there is a particular theme chosen for World AIDS Day, and for the last fourteen years the themes have been as follows: 2004 Women and AIDS 2003 Stigma and Discrimination 2002 Stigma and Discrimination 2001 I care. Do you? 2000 AIDS : Men make a difference 1999 Listen, Learn, Live: World AIDS Campaign with Children and Young People 1998 Force For Change: World AIDS Campaign With Young People 1997 Children Living in a World with AIDS 1996 One World, One Hope 1995 Shared Rights, Shared Responsibilities 1994 AIDS and the Family 1993 Time to Act 1992 Community Commitment 1991 Sharing the Challenge 1990 Women & AIDS 1989 Youth 1988 Communication The Red Ribbon The Red Ribbon is an international symbol of AIDS awareness that is worn by people all year round and particularly around world AIDS day to demonstrate care and concern about HIV and AIDS, and to remind others of the need for their support and commitment. The red ribbon started as a "grass roots" effort, and as a result there is no official red ribbon, and many people make their own. To make your own ribbons, get some ordinary red ribbon, about cms wide and cut it into strips about 15 cms long. Then fold at the top into an inverted "V" shape and put a safety pin through the centre which you use to attach the ribbon to your clothing.
赵钱孙李，周吴郑王，冯陈楚魏，切糕沾白糖。大事小事，不如深空小编带你看新鲜事。小编整理了半天，给大家带来了这篇文章。不让大家久等了，下面马上进入正题吧。伯克利-南非的青少年女孩面临着巨大的艾滋病毒威胁：到成年时，南非将有四分之一的女孩感染该病毒，其中大多数是在青春期首先感染的。加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的研究人员根据北卡罗来纳大学和南非威特沃特斯兰德大学的同事进行的一项纵向研究显示，经历抑郁症会使这些女孩面临更高的HIV感染风险。 。该发现在线发表在《美国流行病学杂志》上，表明针对改善少女心理健康的干预措施可能有助于阻止艾滋病毒在南非以及整个撒哈拉以南非洲的蔓延。我们已经知道，抑郁症和艾滋病毒并存已有数十年之久，但是没有人知道箭头的方向：抑郁症会导致艾滋病毒还是艾滋病毒导致抑郁症?加州大学伯克利分校的流行病学教授，该研究的资深作者詹妮弗阿赫恩说。可能是双向的，但我们能够证明，至少在这个人群中，箭头肯定是一种方式，那就是抑郁症会导致艾滋病毒。这可能对干预措施可能产生重要影响。作为研究的一部分，研究小组研究了青少年社交生活和行为的哪些方面可以解释抑郁症与艾滋病毒感染率之间的关系。后来出现抑郁症状的少女更有可能报告说自己与父母没有亲密关系，并且有一个伴侣如果她要他戴安全套，会打她。这些因素似乎是感染艾滋病毒的途径的一部分。Dana Goin表示：为回应安全套谈判而出现的伴侣暴力，以及缺乏父母的监督，与抑郁症和艾滋病毒之间的联系最为密切，这表明抑郁症和艾滋病毒之间的大多数关系都可能受到这些因素的影响。加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校妇产科和生殖科学系的博士后学者，该研究的主要作者。戈恩说：研究结果表明该人群中的感染与结构因素有多大关系。戈恩是加州大学伯克利分校流行病学博士学位的候选人。该研究利用了收集自居住在南非姆普马兰加省农村地区的2533名13至21岁妇女的数据。在研究开始时就对每个青少年进行了抑郁症状筛查，然后每年进行6年的HIV检测。在研究开始时，略多于18%的青少年患有抑郁症-约为南非全国平均水平的两倍。在抑郁症患者中，将近11%继续感染艾滋病毒，而没有抑郁症的患者中只有最终被感染。虽然先前的一项研究表明，在美国，与男性发生性关系的男性中，抑郁症可能导致较高的HIV感染率，但这是研究撒哈拉以南非洲女孩与年轻女性之间关系的第一项研究。尽管南非农村地区的居民获得心理健康服务的机会有限，但牛津大学和南非威特沃特斯兰德大学的Ahern和Goin的合作者目前正在努力开发基于社区的干预措施，以帮助识别和支持正在经历经历的女孩萧条。越来越多的证据表明，外行咨询师和社区医护人员可以提供行之有效的抑郁症心理治疗方法，例如行为激活，这为在社区中提供抑郁症治疗方法提供了一种可行的方法，医学教授艾伦斯坦说。牛津大学的儿童和青少年精神病学。在同伴导师的电话支持下，也有可能使用互联网或手机提供这类治疗，这是我们正在努力的事情。许多中低收入地区，包括非洲大部分地区，缺乏熟练的心理保健人员，医学研究委员会/威特斯大学农村公共卫生与健康转型研究部的教授兼高级科学家凯瑟琳卡恩补充说。威特沃特斯兰德大学公共卫生学院，论文的共同作者。应该大力推行非专业工作者可以进行的干预措施，该干预措施应适用于不同文化，这是我们现在的工作重点。欲要知晓更多《抑郁症使南非女孩更容易感染艾滋病毒》的更多资讯，请持续关注深空的科技资讯栏目，深空小编将持续为您更新更多的科技资讯。王者之心2点击试玩
2009年5-6月的最新研究成果。加拿大和美国研究人员6月21日发表论文称，他们发现了可能会彻底治愈艾滋病的新方法，艾滋病将有可能不再是不治之症。治愈艾滋病的关键在于找到艾滋病病毒潜伏池--艾滋病病毒在人体内的藏身之地。研究人员说，他们找到了这种潜伏池，即记忆T细胞，这是一种人体免疫细胞，尽管它是一些艾滋病病毒的藏身天堂，但也在一定程度上能限制这些病毒的活动。研究人员发现，一旦艾滋病病毒藏身到记忆T细胞中，它的命运就与记忆T细胞休戚相关:细胞活着，病毒也就活着;细胞死亡，病毒也就死亡;病毒增殖也完全依赖于细胞的分裂。因此，摧毁记忆T细胞，也就可以摧毁“躲藏”起来的艾滋病病毒。研究人员说，单使用鸡尾酒疗法等抗逆转录病毒疗法治愈不了艾滋病，是因为它对潜伏池内的艾滋病病毒鞭长莫及。于是，他们提出了结合化学疗法和抗逆转录病毒疗法来治疗艾滋病的新方法，其中，抗逆转录病毒疗法可杀灭人体内大部分艾滋病病毒，而化学疗法则专门针对“躲藏”在记忆T细胞中的艾滋病病毒，这使得艾滋病病毒在人体中再无藏身之地。这项研究的负责人、蒙特利尔大学的拉菲克-皮埃尔·瑟卡利说，这是首次研究证实，艾滋病之所以治愈不了，不是因为抗逆转录病毒疗法不起效果，而是因为有艾滋病病毒潜伏池的存在。瑟卡利说，这是初步的研究成果，希望这项成果能指导科学家消灭艾滋病病毒，他们下一步计划在动物身上进行有关试验。这项研究成果已于21日发表在英国《自然-医学》杂志上。
艾滋病的保健教育 你可以把它简化， 把要点抽出AIDS Education One important aspect of a comprehensive AIDS policy is education. Many in our society are ignorant of the facts and need more information. A study of young people in San Francisco revealed that 30 percent believed AIDS could be cured if treated early, and one-third did not know that AIDS cannot be transmitted merely by touching someone with AIDS activists, however, have seen education as the primary or even the sole means of fighting the AIDS epidemic. And while education is certainly important, information alone is not a sufficient means of fighting AIDS. Indeed, there are some serious concerns surrounding AIDS problem is that AIDS information is often dispensed in a so- called value neutral environment. Educators and counselors try to discuss AIDS and human sexuality in an amoral framework. But in attempting to be amoral, they often end up being immoral. Teaching the facts about subjects like condoms and homosexuality without teaching the moral values associated with them is tantamount to encouraging second concern about AIDS education is that it sometimes misrepresents the facts. Various medical and governmental reports, for example, have touted the condom as an effective means of reducing the risk of contracting AIDS. But while it is true that condoms reduce the risk of contracting AIDS, they by no means eliminate used for contraceptive purposes fail about 10 percent of the time over the course of a year. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop warned of the "extraordinarily high" failure rate of condoms among homosexuals. And a study done at the University of Miami Medical School showed that 17 percent of women married to men with AIDS became infected within a year despite the use of , AIDS education is frequently used to promote the homosexual lifestyle. While AIDS is not exclusively a gay disease, it has often been used by gay activists to promote acceptance of homosexuality. Although we should reach out to AIDS victims with compassion, we should not compromise the biblical teaching that homosexuality is unnatural (Rom. 1:26-27) and an abomination (Lev. 18:22).Fourth and last, there is some question about the general effectiveness of AIDS education. While educating people about AIDS may provide them with the basic facts, we should not be so naive as to believe that information alone will necessarily change their behavior. If it did, then our country's massive anti-smoking education programs would have been followed by a precipitous drop in smoking and lung cancer, and the numerous venereal-disease education programs would have substantially reduced the number of sexually transmitted inadequacy of education became evident through a survey that asked students at the University of Maryland about their knowledge of AIDS and their subsequent sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent said they knew condoms can be used to limit the risk of infection of AIDS, but only 30 percent reported increased use of condoms. Eighty-three percent of the male students who said they have homosexual relations said they had made no change in their hasn't AIDS education been more effective? One reason is that people use selective perception to screen out most of the messages they receive. We do not, for example, pay much attention to lawnmower commercials unless we are in the market for a lawnmower. If people do not think they are at risk for AIDS, AIDS information may not get through their perceptual the problem of selective perception is emotional denial. High-risk groups often ignore messages they do not want to hear, and those at risk for AIDS are no and perhaps most important, human sin nature frequently keeps us from doing what is right and leads us to practice evil (Rom. 7:15-19). All have sinned (Rom. 3:23) and fall short of the glory of God, so we should not be surprised that people engage in dangerous sexual behavior even when they are armed with the facts.
HIV cannot survive outside of the body for long. In addition, not all body fluids carry the virus, including tears, sweat, and saliva. Therefore the virus is not transmitted by touching or other casual contact that occurs in day-to-day social experiences like hugging, kissing, shaking hands, or sharing food or beverages. The virus is not transmitted if there is no sexual contact and no exchange of blood. HIV also is not transmitted in households, even when uninfected persons share toilets, showers, and kitchens with infected all sexual transmission of HIV occurs by unprotected vaginal or anal sex; transmission of HIV by oral sex is very rare. A few cases of HIV transmission probably have occurred from an uninfected person performing fellatio (oral-penile sex) on an HIV-infected partner, but transmission from an infected oral partner to an uninfected penile partner, or by cunnilingus (oral contact with female genitals) is even more rare, if it occurs at all. Condoms or other barriers are considered optional for HIV prevention, and should be considered by persons who want to assure maximum protection.中文我懒得打了，你采纳，追加些分吧，我再给你。。累得很
艾滋病的保健教育 你可以把它简化， 把要点抽出AIDS Education One important aspect of a comprehensive AIDS policy is education. Many in our society are ignorant of the facts and need more information. A study of young people in San Francisco revealed that 30 percent believed AIDS could be cured if treated early, and one-third did not know that AIDS cannot be transmitted merely by touching someone with AIDS activists, however, have seen education as the primary or even the sole means of fighting the AIDS epidemic. And while education is certainly important, information alone is not a sufficient means of fighting AIDS. Indeed, there are some serious concerns surrounding AIDS problem is that AIDS information is often dispensed in a so- called value neutral environment. Educators and counselors try to discuss AIDS and human sexuality in an amoral framework. But in attempting to be amoral, they often end up being immoral. Teaching the facts about subjects like condoms and homosexuality without teaching the moral values associated with them is tantamount to encouraging second concern about AIDS education is that it sometimes misrepresents the facts. Various medical and governmental reports, for example, have touted the condom as an effective means of reducing the risk of contracting AIDS. But while it is true that condoms reduce the risk of contracting AIDS, they by no means eliminate used for contraceptive purposes fail about 10 percent of the time over the course of a year. Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop warned of the "extraordinarily high" failure rate of condoms among homosexuals. And a study done at the University of Miami Medical School showed that 17 percent of women married to men with AIDS became infected within a year despite the use of , AIDS education is frequently used to promote the homosexual lifestyle. While AIDS is not exclusively a gay disease, it has often been used by gay activists to promote acceptance of homosexuality. Although we should reach out to AIDS victims with compassion, we should not compromise the biblical teaching that homosexuality is unnatural (Rom. 1:26-27) and an abomination (Lev. 18:22).Fourth and last, there is some question about the general effectiveness of AIDS education. While educating people about AIDS may provide them with the basic facts, we should not be so naive as to believe that information alone will necessarily change their behavior. If it did, then our country's massive anti-smoking education programs would have been followed by a precipitous drop in smoking and lung cancer, and the numerous venereal-disease education programs would have substantially reduced the number of sexually transmitted inadequacy of education became evident through a survey that asked students at the University of Maryland about their knowledge of AIDS and their subsequent sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent said they knew condoms can be used to limit the risk of infection of AIDS, but only 30 percent reported increased use of condoms. Eighty-three percent of the male students who said they have homosexual relations said they had made no change in their hasn't AIDS education been more effective? One reason is that people use selective perception to screen out most of the messages they receive. We do not, for example, pay much attention to lawnmower commercials unless we are in the market for a lawnmower. If people do not think they are at risk for AIDS, AIDS information may not get through their perceptual the problem of selective perception is emotional denial. High-risk groups often ignore messages they do not want to hear, and those at risk for AIDS are no and perhaps most important, human sin nature frequently keeps us from doing what is right and leads us to practice evil (Rom. 7:15-19). All have sinned (Rom. 3:23) and fall short of the glory of God, so we should not be surprised that people engage in dangerous sexual behavior even when they are armed with the facts.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a set of symptoms and infections resulting from the damage to the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[1] This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk.[2][3] This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, or other exposure to one of the above bodily is now a pandemic.[4] In 2007, an estimated million people lived with the disease worldwide, and it killed an estimated million people, including 330,000 children.[5] Over three-quarters of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa,[5] retarding economic growth and destroying human capital.[6] Most researchers believe that HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century.[7] AIDS was first recognized by the . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified by American and French scientists in the early 1980s.[8]Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is currently no vaccine or cure. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[9] Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS epidemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages. Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS.[10] HIV affects nearly every organ system. People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the immune system known as lymphomas. Additionally, people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss.[11][12] The specific opportunistic infections that AIDS patients develop depend in part on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area in which the patient infections X-ray of Pneumocystis jirovecii caused pneumonia. There is increased white (opacity) in the lower lungs on both sides, characteristic of Pneumocystis pneumoniaPneumocystis pneumonia (originally known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and still abbreviated as PCP, which now stands for Pneumocystis pneumonia) is relatively rare in healthy, immunocompetent people, but common among HIV-infected individuals. It is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Before the advent of effective diagnosis, treatment and routine prophylaxis in Western countries, it was a common immediate cause of death. In developing countries, it is still one of the first indications of AIDS in untested individuals, although it does not generally occur unless the CD4 count is less than 200 cells per µL of blood.[13]Tuberculosis (TB) is unique among infections associated with HIV because it is transmissible to immunocompetent people via the respiratory route, is easily treatable once identified, may occur in early-stage HIV disease, and is preventable with drug therapy. However, multidrug resistance is a potentially serious problem. Even though its incidence has declined because of the use of directly observed therapy and other improved practices in Western countries, this is not the case in developing countries where HIV is most prevalent. In early-stage HIV infection (CD4 count >300 cells per µL), TB typically presents as a pulmonary disease. In advanced HIV infection, TB often presents atypically with extrapulmonary (systemic) disease a common feature. Symptoms are usually constitutional and are not localized to one particular site, often affecting bone marrow, bone, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, liver, regional lymph nodes, and the central nervous system.[14]Gastrointestinal infectionsEsophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the lower end of the esophagus (gullet or swallowing tube leading to the stomach). In HIV infected individuals, this is normally due to fungal (candidiasis) or viral (herpes simplex-1 or cytomegalovirus) infections. In rare cases, it could be due to mycobacteria.[15]Unexplained chronic diarrhea in HIV infection is due to many possible causes, including common bacterial (Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria or Campylobacter) and parasitic infections; and uncommon opportunistic infections such as cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and viruses,[16] astrovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus and cytomegalovirus, (the latter as a course of colitis). In some cases, diarrhea may be a side effect of several drugs used to treat HIV, or it may simply accompany HIV infection, particularly during primary HIV infection. It may also be a side effect of antibiotics used to treat bacterial causes of diarrhea (common for Clostridium difficile). In the later stages of HIV infection, diarrhea is thought to be a reflection of changes in the way the intestinal tract absorbs nutrients, and may be an important component of HIV-related wasting.[17]Neurological and psychiatric involvementHIV infection may lead to a variety of neuropsychiatric sequelae, either by infection of the now susceptible nervous system by organisms, or as a direct consequence of the illness is a disease caused by the single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii; it usually infects the brain, causing toxoplasma encephalitis, but it can also infect and cause disease in the eyes and lungs.[18] Cryptococcal meningitis is an infection of the meninx (the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord) by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It can cause fevers, headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Patients may also develop seizures and confusion; left untreated, it can be multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease, in which the gradual destruction of the myelin sheath covering the axons of nerve cells impairs the transmission of nerve impulses. It is caused by a virus called JC virus which occurs in 70% of the population in latent form, causing disease only when the immune system has been severely weakened, as is the case for AIDS patients. It progresses rapidly, usually causing death within months of diagnosis.[19]AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of HIV infected brain macrophages and microglia. These cells are productively infected by HIV and secrete neurotoxins of both host and viral origin.[20] Specific neurological impairments are manifested by cognitive, behavioral, and motor abnormalities that occur after years of HIV infection and are associated with low CD4+ T cell levels and high plasma viral loads. Prevalence is 10–20% in Western countries[21] but only 1–2% of HIV infections in India.[22][23] This difference is possibly due to the HIV subtype in India. AIDS related mania is sometimes seen in patients with advanced HIV illness; it presents with more irritability and cognitive impairment and less euphoria than a manic episode associated with true bipolar disorder. Unlike the latter condition, it may have a more chronic course. This syndrome is less often seen with the advent of multi-drug and malignancies Kaposi's sarcomaPatients with HIV infection have substantially increased incidence of several cancers. This is primarily due to co-infection with an oncogenic DNA virus, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and human papillomavirus (HPV).[24][25]Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor in HIV-infected patients. The appearance of this tumor in young homosexual men in 1981 was one of the first signals of the AIDS epidemic. Caused by a gammaherpes virus called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), it often appears as purplish nodules on the skin, but can affect other organs, especially the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and B cell lymphomas such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Burkitt's-like lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and primary central nervous system lymphoma present more often in HIV-infected patients. These particular cancers often foreshadow a poor prognosis. In some cases these lymphomas are AIDS-defining. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or KSHV cause many of these cancer in HIV-infected women is considered AIDS-defining. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).[26]In addition to the AIDS-defining tumors listed above, HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of certain other tumors, such as Hodgkin's disease and anal and rectal carcinomas. However, the incidence of many common tumors, such as breast cancer or colon cancer, does not increase in HIV-infected patients. In areas where HAART is extensively used to treat AIDS, the incidence of many AIDS-related malignancies has decreased, but at the same time malignant cancers overall have become the most common cause of death of HIV-infected patients.[27]Other opportunistic infectionsAIDS patients often develop opportunistic infections that present with non-specific symptoms, especially low-grade fevers and weight loss. These include infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV can cause colitis, as described above, and CMV retinitis can cause blindness. Penicilliosis due to Penicillium marneffei is now the third most common opportunistic infection (after extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcosis) in HIV-positive individuals within the endemic area of Southeast Asia.[28]
HIV cannot survive outside of the body for long. In addition, not all body fluids carry the virus, including tears, sweat, and saliva. Therefore the virus is not transmitted by touching or other casual contact that occurs in day-to-day social experiences like hugging, kissing, shaking hands, or sharing food or beverages. The virus is not transmitted if there is no sexual contact and no exchange of blood. HIV also is not transmitted in households, even when uninfected persons share toilets, showers, and kitchens with infected all sexual transmission of HIV occurs by unprotected vaginal or anal sex; transmission of HIV by oral sex is very rare. A few cases of HIV transmission probably have occurred from an uninfected person performing fellatio (oral-penile sex) on an HIV-infected partner, but transmission from an infected oral partner to an uninfected penile partner, or by cunnilingus (oral contact with female genitals) is even more rare, if it occurs at all. Condoms or other barriers are considered optional for HIV prevention, and should be considered by persons who want to assure maximum protection.中文我懒得打了，你采纳，追加些分吧，我再给你。。累得很
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艾滋病全名为"获得性免疫缺陷综合征"是人体感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV - human immunodeficiency virus, ），又称艾滋病病毒所导致的传染病。值得一提的是，HIV本身并不会引发任何疾病，而是当免疫系统被HIV破坏后，人体由于失去抵抗能力而感染其他的疾病导致死亡！艾滋病传染主要是通过性行为，体液的交流而传播。体液主要有：精液，血液,阴道分泌物,乳汁、脑脊液和有神经症状者的脑组织中。其他体液中，如眼泪、唾液和汗液，存在的数量很少，一般不会导致艾滋病的传播。（1）性交传播 艾滋病病毒可通过性交传播。生殖器患有性病（如梅毒、淋病、尖锐湿疣）或溃疡时，会增加感染病毒的危险。艾滋病病毒感染者的精液或阴道分泌物中有大量的病毒，通过肛门性交，阴道性交，就会传播病毒。口交传播的机率非常小，除非健康一方口腔内有伤口，或者破裂的地方，艾滋病病毒就可能通过血液或者精液传染。一般来说，接受肛交的人被感染的可能非常大。因为肛门的内部结构比较薄弱，直肠的肠壁较阴道壁更容易破损，精液里面的病毒就可能通过这些小伤口，进入未感染者体内繁殖。这就是为什么男同性恋比女同性恋者更加容易的艾滋病病毒的原因。这也就是为什么在发现艾滋病病毒的早期，被有些人误认为是同性恋特有的疾病。由于现在艾滋病病毒传播到全世界，艾滋病已经不在是同性恋的专有疾病了。（2）血液传播 输血传播：如果血液里有艾滋病病毒，输入此血者将会被感染。血液制品传播：有些病人（例如血友病）需要注射由血液中提起的某些成份制成的生物制品。有些血液制品中有可能有艾滋病病毒，使用血液制品就有可能感染上HIV。在1980年代及1990年代，因为验血的时候还没有包括对艾滋病的检验，所以有很多普通的病人因为接受输血，而被感染艾滋病病毒。现如今，全世界都已经认识到这个问题，所以在发达国家因为接受输血而感染艾滋病病毒的可能性几乎是零。（3）母婴传播 如果母亲是艾滋病感染者，那么她很有可能会在怀孕、分娩过程或是通过母乳喂养使她的孩子受到感染。但是，如果母亲在怀孕期间，服用有关抗艾滋病的药品，婴儿感染艾滋病病毒的可能就会降低很多，甚至完全健康。有艾滋病病毒的母亲绝对不可以用自己母乳喂养孩子。艾滋病虽然很可怕，但该病毒的传播力并不是很强，它不会通过我们日常的活动来传播，也就是说，我们不会经浅吻、握手、拥抱、共餐、共用办公用品、共用厕所、游泳池、共用电话、打喷嚏等，而感染，甚至照料病毒感染者或艾滋病患者都没有关系!
艾滋，看似离我们很远，但请知道，他一直都潜伏在我们生活中，在某一个不为人知的角落。下面我为大家整理了高一关于艾滋病的 作文 五篇，希望对同学们有所帮助。下面就和我一起来看看吧!
关于艾滋病的作文五篇1
你，如同一粒尘土，悄悄地侵临在不幸者的身上;
你，如同一个恶魔，凶恶地使不幸者悲痛绝望;
你，如同一位死神，无情地剥夺了绝望者的灵魂。
艾滋病，已成了全世界人民共同关心的一个话题。怎样预防艾滋病，也就成了大家更为关注的话题。大家都知道艾滋病的可怕，都称它为“魔鬼”。那么，艾滋病到底是怎样的一个“魔鬼”?通俗的讲，艾滋病就是人体免疫系统被一种叫做“HIV”的病毒所破坏，因此身体丧失了抵抗力，不能与那些对生命威胁的病菌战斗，从而使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致被感染者死亡的一种严重传染病。
据联合国艾滋病规划署(UNAIDS)估计，1998年全世界有超过300万的 儿童 和青年人感染了艾滋病病毒，其中包括59万15岁以下的儿童和250万15-24岁的青年人。据估计，全球的艾滋病感染者中约有一半的人在15-24岁期间感染上艾滋病病毒的，而且12-19岁的青少年感染艾滋病病毒的比例在不断地上升。
青少年是人生中生理和心理发生巨大变化的一个时期。一方面他们正处于身体发育的第二个高峰，而且开始表现出对异性的好奇和性的萌动，而另一方面，随着知识的增长和能力的发展，他们萌生了更多的梦想和实现梦想的愿望。正是青少年的这些生理和心理的特点决定了他们有着极其强烈的好奇心，愿意接受并尝试各种想法、观念和行为，其中也包括一些与HIV感染和艾滋病相关的行为，如性行为和吸毒等。在此，值得我们注意的是：青少年不仅仅只是一个易感人群，他们更是一种资源和力量，他们不仅是世界的未来，他们还是迎战艾滋病的生力军。青少年是学习和积累知识的最好阶段，在此期间，如果他们能够获取必要的知识、信念、态度和价值观以及各种技能，就能够帮助青少年建立一种有利于身心健康发展的行为方式，从而可以避免一些可能导致艾滋病的危险行为。
当一部分青少年掌握了正确的相应的知识和技能后，将会成为很好的信息传播者，使周围人受益。如果给青年人机会，让青年人直接参与艾滋病的防治活动，是有效地动员社会防治艾滋病的策略。
艾滋病威胁着我们每一个家庭，每一个人，因此预防艾滋病是全社会的责任。在这场无硝烟的、残酷的战争中，我们要明白，想要彻底打败它，必须以提高我们的思想意识为前提，必须挽救正在堕落的人们，而且为粗心者敲响警钟。是的，我们始终相信最后是以它的灭亡而告终，但同时，我们也要呼吁所有人清醒地看待它，这样既不会堕落和疏忽，也不会被它所吓倒，即使你的名字叫艾滋病。
让我们预防艾滋，珍爱生命，相信胜利曙光的来临已不再遥远。
关于艾滋病的作文五篇2
忘记了是从那一天起，艾滋病这个略带西方色彩的字眼闯如了我们的生活。它惊醒了沉睡中的我们。让我们认识了艾滋，了解了艾滋，惧怕了艾滋，远离了艾滋病人。
人性就在这时体现了。普存忻这个我不太熟知，但是他是有名的艾滋病大使。也许我连他的名字都不会写，可是我从心里崇拜他，因为他有一颗剔透的心，高尚的灵魂。其实我心里也知道，艾滋病是靠性传播，血液传播，母婴传播的。可是就是人性的自私，我也保护我自己，如果有一个人他站在我面前说要和我握手，而且告诉我他是艾滋病人，恐怕我也会胆怯，我也会踌躇。可是他呢!毅然的和他们握手，吃饭，交流。也许这些在正常人与正常人之间太微不足道了。可是如果是一个正常人和一个艾滋病人之间，那么是多么的崇高的一种气节。是多么的伟大。他们做到了，可是今天的我真的做不到。
人之初，性本善。也许是自私抹杀了我的善良。也许是自己保护的意识让我收起了善良。今天我只能在这里高唱凯歌，百般称赞那些能做到和艾滋病人平等的人，对不起，今天的我依然做不到~艾滋病是一种有艾滋病病毒、即人类免疫缺陷病毒入侵人体后破坏人体免疫功能，使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致被感染者死亡的一种严重传染病。
全球艾滋病20年来造成2800万人死亡，目前还有4300万患者，并且每天新增病人1。4万人。我国现有65万艾滋病感染者，去年每天新增192人。
艾滋病传染途径主要有三种：一是性接触传播;二是血液传播;三是母婴传播。
目前，艾滋病仍然是不治之症。它威胁着每个人和每个家庭，预防艾滋病是全社会的责任。
1、洁身自爱。遵守性道德是预防经性途径传染艾滋病的根本 措施 。
2、使用避孕套。正确使用避孕套不仅能避孕，还能减少感染艾滋病、性病的危险。
3、治疗性病。及早治疗并治愈性病可减少艾滋病的感染。正规医院能提供正规、保密的检查、诊断、治疗和服务咨询，必要时可借助当地性病、艾滋病服务热线进行咨询。
4、远离毒品。避免共享针头，禁止吸毒，减少血液接触。处理伤口时，一定要注意避免皮肤、眼睛、口腔接触到别人的血液。
5、防止交叉传染。避免不必要的输血、注射、使用没有严格消毒的不安全拔牙和美容等，使用经艾滋病病毒抗体检测的血液和血液制品。
只要按照预防艾滋病的 方法 去做就不会感染到这种病。就可以不让自己的生命白白浪费掉。
关于艾滋病的作文五篇3
艾滋病的医学全称为："获得性免疫缺陷综合症"，英文缩写"AIDS"，是由人体感染人类免疫缺陷病毒即艾滋病毒(HIV)引起的免疫缺陷综合症。 大多数感染了艾滋病病毒的人，仍然是健康的，并能在没有症状或只有轻微疾病的情况下生活多年。即使他们看起来健康，自己也感觉健康的时候，他们仍能够将艾滋病病毒传染给其他人，终生具有传染性。
HIV 具有严格的宿主特异性，可感染人类并导致AIDS。在实验条件下，HIV-1可感染黑猩猩，HIV-2可感染恒河猴，可导致病血症及血清抗体转为阳性，但不能引起动物发病。从HIV感染者外周血，精液，乳汁，脑脊液，唾液，泪液和其他体液中均可分离到病毒，不过目前尚无经泪液，唾液和汁液等感染HIV的报道。HIV一般通过血液和精液和，其传播途径主要包括：
1、性传播，通过性行为在男同性恋者之间及异性间传播，也可通过人工授精传播;
2、血液传播，通过接受HIV感染者捐献的血液或器官，使用受HIV污染的血染液制品或与HIV感染者共用注射针头而被感染，此外，接触HIV感染者体液或HIV培养物的医务人员和实验人员存在感染HIV的职业危险性;
3、母婴传播，感染HIV者的母亲，可在子宫内或在分娩时将HIV传染给新生儿。除此之外，人与人的一般接触并不会导致HIV的传播，对此不必过分敏感和恐惧。
怎样预防艾滋病，针对不同传播途径，科学家们建议应当采取以下措施：
1、预防艾滋病的性传播，洁身自爱，保持忠贞单一的性关系;发生危险性行为时正确使用避孕套;及时治疗性病。
2、预防艾滋病的血液传播，不使用未经检测的血液及血液制品。不吸毒，不与别人共用针具吸毒。穿耳或身体穿刺，纹身，针刺疗法或者任何需要侵入性的刺破皮肤的过程，都有一定的艾滋病病毒传播危险。
3、母婴传播预防，艾滋病病毒可在怀孕，分娩或者孩子出生后的母乳喂养过程中传播。感染艾滋病病毒的妇女应避免怀孕，如怀孕应人工流产。 孕产妇在分娩前后使用抗病毒药物，可降低母婴传播的几率。
关于艾滋病的作文五篇4
每年的12月1日都被作为“ 世界艾滋病日 ”以号召全世界人民行动起来，共同对抗艾滋病。
目前，我国的毒pin和艾滋病形势非常严峻，学校是禁毒与预防艾滋病的重要阵地。艾滋病的全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症，是一种由逆转录病毒引起的人体免疫防御系统方面的疫病。人体处于正常状态时，体内免疫系统对机体起着良好的“防御”作用，抵抗各种病原体的袭击。一但受艾滋病病毒感染之后，人体的这种良好防御系统便会受到破坏，防御功能减退，因而这时病原体及微生物得以乘机经血行及破损伤口长驱直入。此外，身体中一些不正常的细胞，例如癌细胞，也同样乘机迅速生长、大量繁殖起来，发展成各类癌瘤。也就是说，艾滋病病人主要表现为免疫系统受到严重损伤，机体抵抗力下降，以至诱发严重感染和一些少见的癌瘤。
1981年美国发现首例艾滋病之后，艾滋病病病毒在全球范围内的传播速度惊人。为了提高公众对艾滋病危害的认识，世界卫生组织将每年的12月1日确定为世界艾滋病日，号召世界各国在这一天举办各种活动，宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知识。据统计，近20多年来我国艾滋病感染者已超过100万。
艾滋病是一种可怕的病，一旦感染，我们目前的医疗水平是无药可救的，但是只要我们洁身自好，科学预防，是完全可以避免患上艾滋病的，作为学生我们应该做到以下两点：
1、首先要学会保护自己，要远离可导致性骚扰和性暴力的环境和场所，比如不要出入夜会、歌厅;晚上不要单独外出;休息时间在网吧、游戏厅等场所不能玩得太晚等。
2、不和他人共用牙刷、不共用电动剃须刀，不吸毒pin，不纹身，不纹眉，不纹唇线和扎耳朵眼，不和别人共用针头和注射器。不到消毒不规范无营业执照的医疗机构和诊所拔牙治牙。
同时我们也要知道一般性的接触，比如握手，共同进餐，共用学习用品，公用电话机，打喷嚏、咳嗽，蚊虫叮咬， 游泳 等均不会感染爱滋病。
老师、同学们：学校是培养建设有中国特色社会主义事业建设者和接班人的摇篮，是传播科学 文化 和精神文明的殿堂，加强对大家进行毒pin预防 教育 是全面提高自身素质，保证自己健康成长的需要，也是防止滋生新吸毒人员和毒pin向社会扩散的一项重要措施。让我们一起行动起来，为自己，为家人，为社会构建一
道坚强防线，远离毒pin、艾滋病，珍惜生命。预防艾滋病从我做起。
关于艾滋病的作文五篇5
生活里有很多人都患有艾滋病。许多人都以为艾滋病会传染，连拥抱、握手这种动作都会传染。
那我要告诉你们，你们错了，你们错的太离谱了。和艾滋病病人做这种动作，是不会传染的，即使你们知道不会传染，也不愿意去和他们做这种动作，你们在心里排斥他们，在生活上排斥他们。
有些人甚至连靠近他们，都不愿意去靠近。患有艾滋病病人知道这种病不会传染，但是，在他们身边人不知道他们患有艾滋病的情况下，尽量不让自己被别人碰触自己身体的每一处。他们这么做是为什么?为的是不想让别人也感染到，尽管自己知道不会传染，但还是这么做了。
艾滋病患者一直都在保护着我们，不让我们受到感染。我们却连句话都不和他们说，连一句温暖的话也不和他们说一句。艾滋病患者需要的是我们更多的关爱和支持，他们也想和正常人一样，做着正常人能做的事。
当患有艾滋病的人上学时，全校的家长和师生都在反对。他们不想让一个患有艾滋病的人和他们一起生活，一起上下学，没有一个人愿意和他们做朋友，没有人愿意接近他们，没有一个人能站在艾滋病患者的角度来想想，他们这时是最需要关爱和支持的。而我们，却没有一个人站出来为他们解说。
世上有好人，有爱心的人。但这些人却不是很多，艾滋病患者同样是人。他们曾经也是和我们一样的人。曾经，他们有很多的朋友。可现在，却是自己一个人。我们应该多多关注他们，给他们需要的关爱和支持。关爱和支持，对于艾滋病者是很珍贵的。
就算只剩一点的时间，能在这个世界上得到关爱和支持，在天堂的他们也没有什么遗憾了。
请为艾滋病患者做出一点贡献。与其把心思花在没用的地方，还不如把心思花在帮助艾滋病患者的身上。就算他们走了，也要让他们知道，这个世界不只有他们一个人。这个世界的每一个人都是他们的亲人，都时时刻刻地陪在他们身边。
这个世界的他们不再孤单，让他们觉得活这个世界上很值得。要在这个世界上坚强地活着，于艾滋病顽强抗争，不能被艾滋病屈服!
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是一份原创的了。啊
爱滋病传播途径及预防方法 摘要:艾滋病的医学全称为:"获得性免疫缺陷综合症",英文缩写"AIDS",是由人体感染人类免疫缺陷病毒即艾滋病毒(HIV)引起的免疫缺陷综合症. 大多数感染了艾滋病病毒的人,仍然是健康的,并能在没有症状或只有轻微疾病的情况下生活多年.即使他们看起来健康,自己也感觉健康的时候,他们仍能够将艾滋病病毒传染给其他人,终生具有传染性. HIV 具有严格的宿主特异性,可感染人类并导致AIDS.在实验条件下,HIV-1可感染黑猩猩,HIV-2可感染恒河猴,可导致病血症及血清抗体转为阳性,但不能引起动物发病.从HIV感染者外周血,精液,乳汁,脑脊液,唾液,泪液和其他体液中均可分离到病毒,不过目前尚无经泪液,唾液和汁液等感染HIV的报道.HIV一般通过血液和精液和,其传播途径主要包括: (1)性传播,通过性行为在男同性恋者之间及异性间传播,也可通过人工授精传播; (2)血液传播,通过接受HIV感染者捐献的血液或器官,使用受HIV污染的血染液制品或与HIV感染者共用注射针头而被感染,此外,接触HIV感染者体液或HIV培养物的医务人员和实验人员存在感染HIV的职业危险性; (3)母婴传播,感染HIV者的母亲,可在子宫内或在分娩时将HIV传染给新生儿(Connor,1997).除此之外,人与人的一般接触并不会导致HIV的传播,对此不必过分敏感和恐惧. 在体外,HIV可感染CD4+T淋巴细胞(T4细胞)和单核-巨噬细胞,在其中增殖并引起细胞病变中,表明CD4+T淋巴细胞和单核-巨噬细胞是HIV主要的靶细胞.此外,HIV还可感染正常B淋巴细胞,经EB病毒转化形成的B淋巴母细胞系,小胶质细胞,神经胶质细胞,中幼粒细胞及多种细胞系 (O'Brien,1997) 在体内,HIV除感染结缔组织中的CD4+T淋巴细胞,单核-巨噬细胞,B淋巴细胞,中幼粒细胞和滤泡树突状细胞外,还可感染上皮组织中的朗格汉细胞(Langerhanscell)及神经组织中的小胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞,星形胶质细胞和脑内皮细胞,其分布遍及骨骼,胸腺,脑,心,肺,肠,眼,肾,皮肤和性腺等器官(Dittmar,1997a).HIV具有如此广泛的细胞和组织嗜性,同它所引起的CD4+T淋巴细胞缺陷,淋巴腺病,卡波西肉瘤以及神经系统损伤等多脏器症状是相吻合的. 高度的变异性是HIV及其他反转录病毒所具有的显著特征.突变主要来自反转录过程,其中env和nef等基因变异幅度最大,而gag和pol等则相对保守,变异程度较低且多为沉默的点突变.根据env和gag等基因的变异, 至少可将HIV-1划分为2群,共11个亚型.其中M(main)群由10个亚型组成,即A-J亚型.欧美主要为B亚型,非洲流行A,C,D,E等亚型; 在我国B亚型占优势,其次为C亚弄和A亚型;此外,M群中还存在着各亚型之间的嵌合体(mosaic),如A/E,G/A等.O(outlier)群主要分布于西百和中非,由于成员较少,常被视为一个亚型(O亚型).根据同样的方法,可将HIV-2划分为A,B等亚型(UNAIDS,1997).不仅各地区或不同个体之间HIV存在很大的变异,即使在同一个体内部,差异同样明显.事实上,每个HIV感染者所携带的都是一个异质性的病毒群体,各种突变株共存于体内.高度变异性有助于HIV逃避宿主的免疫监视,同时也为HIV感染的预防,诊断和治疗设置了巨大的障碍. 怎样预防艾滋病 针对不同传播途径,科学家们建议应当采取以下措施: 1,预防艾滋病的性传播 洁身自爱,保持忠贞单一的性关系; 发生危险性行为时正确使用避孕套; 及时治疗性病. 2,预防艾滋病的血液传播 不使用未经检测的血液及血液制品. 不吸毒,不与别人共用针具吸毒. 穿耳或身体穿刺,文身,针刺疗法或者任何需要侵入性的刺破皮肤的过程,都有一定的艾滋病病毒传播危险. 3,母婴传播预防 艾滋病病毒可在怀孕,分娩或者孩子出生后的母乳喂养过程中传播. 感染艾滋病病毒的妇女应避免怀孕,如怀孕应人工流产. 孕,产妇在分娩前,后使用抗病毒药物,可降低母婴传播的几率. 采用人工喂养,也可减少艾滋病病毒感染的危险性.
MERS病毒是一种新型的冠状病毒，这种病毒已经被命名为MERS（中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒），大多数MERS病毒感染病例发生在沙特。 中文名：MERS病毒 类型：新型的冠状病毒 发生地：沙特 分享 产生背景 人体内的冠状病毒最早于1960年代在英国被分离出来，病毒因其表面皇冠状的突起物而得名。它可能与人、猪、猫、狗、鼠和鸡的呼吸系统感染相关。2003年中国出现的SARS病毒就属于冠状病毒。MERS由此成为第六种已知的人类冠状病毒，也是过去10年里被分离出来的第三种。 从2012年夏天开始，一种与SARS类似的新型冠状病毒开始在沙特阿拉伯夺命，进而扩散到其他国家。2013年5月14日，世界卫生组织（WHO）已经确认的患者有38例。 2012年9月被确认起，截至2014年4月15日已致死92人。 SARS病毒曾经感染八千多人，死亡率为11%。而截至5月14日，被新型冠状病毒感染的患者中有53%已经死亡。这种新型冠状病毒现在已经被研究人员称为MERS（中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒）。 “我们不知道是否存在较大数量的无临床症状或症状温和的MERS病例。但是仅仅从粗略的死亡率来看，MERS要（比SARS）更致命。”中国工程院院士、香港大学医学院微生物学系主任袁国勇表示，“需要开展更多的研究来理解当前的形势。” 袁国勇表示，仍在研究发病机理，以及可能的抗病毒的治疗方法。在2013年3月发表的一篇论文中，袁国勇的研究组发现，SARS康复者血液中的抗体对MERS病毒也会产生强烈反应，这说明两者是相近的病原体。 “有一种可能的情况，是检测曾得过SARS的中国人血液中的抗体时，会做出错误的诊断。”袁国勇表示，“此外，由于康复了的SARS患者体内存在低水平的抗体，这让他们在感染MERS之后可能会出现更严重的病症。这叫做抗体介导的免疫增强。” 袁国勇认为科学界急需弄清楚的问题包括，这种病毒是否可以人传人，预防和治疗感染的最佳方法是什么，以及病毒的来源究竟是什么——是蝙蝠，还是其他动物。 病毒来源 沙特阿拉伯西南部的一个废弃村 一间设下捕蝙蝠陷阱的屋子里 庄，大批科学家在此设置陷阱抓蝙蝠研究新型MERS病毒，意图找出MERS病毒在环境中的传染源。 2012年10月，一组来自沙特卫生部、哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)和生态健康联盟的科学家，开始在报告出现MERS病例的沙特城镇附近进行搜寻，在西南部一座据说有数百年历史的被遗弃村庄，科学家发现了要找的东西。一间栖息着大约500只蝙蝠的小屋。 科学家们在夜里检查蝙蝠是否携带MERS病毒。蝙蝠在经过检测后会被放走。 检查一只蝙蝠大约需要15分钟，对其称 一只在沙特某偏远沙特村庄抓到的蝙蝠 重并测量，擦下一些唾液和粪便样本，再收集一些血液和翅膀上的一小块皮肤，从而进行DNA检测来确定其物种。这些标本被冷冻起来，并送到W·伊恩·利普金博士(W. Ian Lipkin)的实验室。 该小组还检测了骆驼、山羊、绵羊和猫，这些动物可能作为中间宿主，从蝙蝠身上感染病毒后传染给人。怀疑骆驼的一个原因是，一名来自阿联酋的MERS患者，在患病前曾在一头患病的骆驼身边待过。但那头骆驼并未接受检测。 已经有数百只蝙蝠经过了检测，但结果还未公布。 传播途径 人传人 2014年5月19日，美国疾病防治中心公布中东呼吸症候群冠状病毒感染症(MERS)的首例本土个案，这名患者是在卫生人员追踪首例境外移入个案时调查相关接触者过程中发现，这也是美国本土首起人传人事件。 感染者曾近距离接触首例境外移入病例，且无出国旅游，当地卫生单位将继续追踪与该名本土个案约60接触者的健康状况。所幸，感染者仅出现轻微类流感症状，居家隔离中，身体状况良好。由于这起事件仍是有限的人传人，美国还不打算改变对MERS的防治措施。 对此，专家提醒到中东旅游时，应注意个人卫生及呼吸道防护措施，也要勤洗手，并避免接触骆驼或食用骆驼肉、生饮骆驼奶或其他动物奶水，以降低感染风险。 社区传播 综合起来，该病毒已经在英国、德国、法国、意大利、希腊、突尼斯及菲律宾等地发现。世界卫生组织报告，自2012年首次发现以来，已发现总共496例确认感染病毒患者，已导致沙特阿拉伯至少126人死亡。所有病例均与阿拉伯半岛的七个国家相关联。这种病毒已经通过照料及共居等近距离接触传染给健康人群。然而，还没有证据表明该病毒会在社区持续传播。 追问： 看不懂，你告诉我他的传播途径就行了
他的传播的方式有很多种，但是随着移动互联网发展，Androi的恶意程序制作成本降低与黑客新型攻击技术提升，可批量生成病毒包，并通过短信附带钓鱼网址植入病毒包的形式传播。
艾滋病怎么传播就怎么传播，血液，母婴，性，说白了就是体液传播，只要病毒进入你的皮肤以内的组织液就能传播。但是如果你接种了乙肝疫苗就没事了。
艾滋病病毒感染者虽然外表和正常人一样，但他们的血液、 *** 、 *** 分泌物、皮肤粘膜破损或炎症溃疡的渗出液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒，具有很强的传染性；乳汁也含病毒，有传染性。唾液、泪水、汗液和尿液中也能发现病毒，但含病毒很少，传染性不大。已经证实的艾滋病传染途径有三条： 1、性传播 通过两性行为传播是艾滋病病毒的主要传染途径：不论同性恋还是两性之间的 *** 、 *** 有着更大的传染危险。 同性间的性接触传染 男性成人艾滋病病人中，同性恋者比例较大，尤其是在美国、欧洲一些国家和地区，随着同性恋的蔓延，感染艾滋病病毒或患艾滋病的人数不断增加，此种性行为已成为传播艾滋病的最主要方式。感染了艾滋病病毒的男子，其 *** 子中存在着大量艾滋病病毒，浓度可达107-8/ml *** 。另外，男性 *** 直肠和女性 *** 的解剖组织结构不同， *** 为复层鳞状上皮，而直肠粘膜是柱状上皮，其抵抗力较女性 *** 脆弱，再有弹性也低于 *** 。因此，他们在进行 *** 过程中，极易使薄而脆弱的 *** 直肠粘膜表面损伤，形成创面。 *** 时 *** 中的艾滋病病毒通过直肠细微创面进入血液循环系统，使机体感染艾滋病。另外，组织相溶性抗原不等细胞经破损直肠粘膜过入，受体可发生移植物抗宿主反应，或宿主抗移植物反应。此二者都可以导致严重的免疫抑制。男性同性恋者并非单一 *** ，他们往往与许多性伙件有着频繁的性接触，因此，既有性主动者通过 *** 将艾滋病病毒传染给被动者的，也有因被动者体内有其他人的带有艾滋病病毒的 *** ，而把病毒传染给性主动者的。这就更加大了艾滋病病毒的传播机会。 异性间的性接触传染 男女间异性恋的性接触也可以传播艾滋病，男对女的传染主要的两性间传染途径，即男子 *** 中的艾滋病病毒通过 *** 传播给女子。最初认为感染了艾滋病病毒的妇女通过 *** 把病毒传播给男子的危险性较小。总的看来，异性恋的传染危险性较同性恋小。但近几年发现通过异性接触而传染的病人增多，如在某些发展中国家，艾滋病主要是通过异性间性接触传播的，其男女比例为1:1，其中， *** 、暗娼起着重要的作用。但在某些国家和地区，卖淫等丑恶现象是取缔不了的，因而也不能真正解决异性间感染艾滋病病毒的问题。 2、血液传播 通过静脉注射毒品的人共用未经过消毒的注射器：输用未经艾滋病病毒抗体检查的供血者的血或血液制品，以及类似情况下的输骨髓和器官移值；注射器和针头消毒不彻底或不消毒，特别是儿童预防注射未做到一人一针一管危险更大；被艾滋病病毒污染的注射器及针头是通过血液传播艾滋病的重要媒介。在西方国家，静脉注射毒物成隐者是仅次于同性恋者的第二最大艾滋病危险人群，尤其女性艾滋病病人中的静脉药瘾者达半数以上。许多静脉注射毒物成瘾者往往共用一个注射器和针头，如果有一位艾滋病病毒携带者，针头或注射器就会被污染，也就在他们之间造成了相互感染的机会。目前普遍认为，未经消毒的公用针头，传播艾滋病病毒模式与乙型肝炎相似。在非洲一些国家，使有未经消毒洗涤的注射器、注射针头，是该地区艾滋病高发的原因之一。 口腔科器械、接生器械、外科手术器械、针刺治疗用针消毒不严密或不消毒；理发、美容(如纹眉、穿耳)、纹身等的刀具、针具、浴室的修脚刀不消毒；和他人共用刮脸刀、剃须刀、或共用牙刷；救护流血的伤员时，救护者本身破损的皮肤接触伤员的血液。在实验室已从病人的血液、唾液、眼泪、乳汁、尿液和脑脊液中分离了艾滋病病毒，但从流行病学证据只证明血液和 *** 有传播作用。目前通过输血传播艾滋病在发展中国家，特别是在一些非洲国家和地区是一个亟待解决的问题。几乎大部分非洲国家，主要以非志愿献血为主，他们大多是青壮年，都处在性活动 *** 的年龄段，这意味着他们所提供的血液很可能具有感染艾滋病病毒的机会。将这些血及血液制品输给其它病人，便可能感染艾滋病。如血友病是一种遗传性出血性疫病，该病由于缺乏体内不可少的凝血因子VM或IX引起，血友病治疗主要是定期注射血浆冻干浓缩制剂或冷沉淀制剂。每一批号浓缩制剂来自2000-5000名不同供血者的血浆，只要其中任何一份供血者中有艾滋病病毒，制剂就会被污染，接受治疗的血友病人也就随这被感染。我国发现艾滋病病毒感染者中，有4例就是由于输入了外国进口的血液制品而被感染。有资料表明，美国制备的浓缩凝血因子VM或IX在艾滋病传播中曾一度起重要作用，在该国接受凝血因子治疗的血友病病人，艾滋病发生率比欧洲高，可能与美国制备的血液制品污染程度较高有关。 3、母婴传播 已受艾滋病病毒感染的孕妇可通过胎盘，或分娩时通过产道，也可通过哺乳，将病毒传染给婴儿。患有艾滋病或携带有艾滋病病毒的孕妇可通过胎盘将艾滋病病毒直接传染给胎儿，另外还能够在产前、产程中（出生时通过产道）和产后（通过哺乳）感染新生儿。有资料表明，艾滋病婴儿的父母一方约73%为艾滋病病人或是艾滋病的高危人群；所有被艾滋病病毒感染的婴儿其母亲均是血清学试验阳性的病毒携带者；而在父亲带有病毒，母亲不带病毒的家庭中，到目前为止尚未发现过艾滋病婴儿。这说明：婴儿艾滋病病毒感染总是来自母亲而不是父亲。在多数情况下，往往是父亲先受感染，然后传染给母亲，既而又传染给了婴儿。 4、其它途径 如使用被艾滋病病毒污染的器官作移植术的同时，也将艾滋病病毒植入体内。另外在人工肥精过程中，接受了感染艾滋病病毒的 *** 也同样造成了感染艾滋病的机会。在与艾滋病病人接触的职业人员（如医务人员、警察、理发师、监狱看守、殡葬人员），如果皮肤有破损时，接触艾滋病病毒，则可能被感染。尽管艾滋病病人的唾液中含有艾滋病病毒，但至今，还未普曾发现通过唾液或共用口杯而发生艾滋病的传播病例，这可能是唾液中含有防止艾滋病病毒感染因子，可以阻止艾滋病病毒的侵犯，因此，接吻可能不是艾滋病的传播的途径。1988年7月《美国医学协会杂志》刊登了有关艾滋病传播途经的报告，该报告指出，目前没有任何迹象表明艾滋病病毒是通过唾液、泪液、尿液、餐具、疫菌偶然的接触或昆虫传播的，说明艾滋病病毒不会通过日常生活接触而传染。艾滋病病毒也不会通过空气、饮水、食品、以及未消费的餐具、衣服被褥、货币等物品而传染。一般也不必担心与艾滋病病人握手、轻吻或共用电话、马桶、桌椅等而被感染。旅游池和公共浴池一般也不会传染艾滋病。各种家养动物不可能携带艾滋病病毒，因此，艾滋病也不能通过动物的咬伤，抓伤而传播。 不会传染艾滋病病毒的途径 空气；饮水、食物；日常工作和生活接触；游泳池；吸血昆虫和蚊子、跳蚤、虱子等，目前还没有发现传播艾滋病病毒的吸血昆虫；有防护的照料、护理艾滋病人；蹲式厕所及小便池； 需要谨慎小心以免发生意外传染的行为 1、接吻 在唇、舌和口腔粘膜完好的情况下，外国人礼节性口唇接触脸颊的接吻应属安全。口对口的接吻，特别是深吻、长吻、或唇、舌、口腔粘膜有破损或溃疡时，有传染危险。 2、握手 双方手部皮肤无破损时，握手应属安全。 3、拥抱 隔着衣服的拥抱是安全的。如果皮肤直接接触，而皮肤有擦伤或患有皮肤病时，则有一定危险。 4、进餐 我国的共食制虽未发现可以传播艾滋病，但这是一种不卫生的饮食习惯，应该提倡分食制。 5、使用避孕套 *** 正确使用避孕套可以在一定程度上减少传染艾滋病的机会，但使用避孕套搞性乱仍有感染艾滋病病毒的危险，因为避孕套在 *** 时可能发生破裂和滑脱，约有10%左右的失败率，即在100次使用避孕套的 *** 中就可能发生10次失败。因此参与卖淫嫖娼和性乱的人必须珍惜生命，立即停止这类高危性行为。使用避孕套预防艾滋病并非安全可靠的方法，不能把避孕套看成安全套或保险套。只有洁身自爱，才是最可靠的。 6、共用马桶 马桶坐圈已经消毒，或坐圈肯定没有被病人的 *** 、月经血或 *** 分泌物沾污，接触马桶坐圈的皮肤没有损伤或皮肤病时应属安全。
通过这些端口传播的。 预防办法： 1.首先开始windows自带的防火墙 2.在右下角网络图标右键-共享中心-windows防火墙-高级设置-左边的入站规则-右边的新建-端口-tcp-输入这些端口-拒绝访问
SMSS病毒 SMSS病毒介绍：这是一种Windows下的PE病毒，它采用VB6编写 ，是一个自动访问某站点（3721）的木马病毒。该病毒会在注册表中多处添加自己的启动项，还会修改系统文件，并在[WINDOWS]项中加入"RUN" = "%WINDIR%\"。症状：确定自己中招没就看看吧！如果系统进程中出现了2个 *** 进程，而且其中的 *** 路径是"WINDOWS\"，那就是中了病毒。 清除过程：和ROSE ADOBER这2个小垃圾不一样，纯粹的清除其相关病毒文件，修改注册表，更改启动项是没用的，那时在浪费时间。所以说这个木马病毒比较高级，挺麻烦。 步骤：手动杀毒的时候先把文件夹选项搞好了再进行清除操作，养成个好习惯。显示隐藏文件，把那个隐藏受保护的操作系统文件的勾点掉。 1.运行打开组策略-计算机配置-Windows设置-安全设置-软件限制策略-其它规则,在右边窗口空白处右键选择"新散列规则"。这样 *** 就不会再运行了。 2.运行（没得话可以去下个，这个东东很叼，很好用），然后结束%Windows%\进程，注意路径。要是结束 SYSTEM的SMSS会重启的，当然也可以用ntsd命令关掉任务管理器中的 *** 进程。结束并防止其再次启动是病毒手动清除的关键，ROSE等直接可以结束其进程然后删文件改注册表就行了。如果不进行第一和第二步骤是不能清楚SMSS病毒的。 3.接下来删除下面这些文件： C:\ 下面的文件名在注册表中也会出现，忘记是哪几个了，搜索下要么修改要么删除，呵呵，对了还有个WOW你在注册表中搜艘看是不是有好几个？ %Windows%\1.（是不是在你注册表中发现啊 哈哈知道怎么中的了吧） %Windows%\ %Windows%\explorer. %Windows%\finder. %Windows%\ *** %Windows%\Debug\ %System%\ %System%\dxdiag. %System%\finder. %System%\ %System%\regedit. %System%\rundll32. %ProgramFiles%\Inter Explorer\iexplore. %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\ %Program Files%\sfx sofare\ 其它关联木马》木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\ 木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\ 木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\ 木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\ 木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\dxdiag. 木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\regedit. 木马路径：C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\ 然后到注册表中将下面的键值删除: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run] "Torjan Program"="%Windows%\ *** " （也可以直接搜索注册表的这样比较稳妥和全面一点）并修改[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon]下 "shell"=" 1" 为 "shell"="" 以下步骤可以不进行操作的，不过最好还是扫下吧：分别查找“”、“finder.”、“rundll32.”的信息，将“”、“finder.”、“rundll32.”修改为“” 查找“explorer.”的信息，将“explorer.”修改为“” 查找“iexplore.”的信息，将“iexplore.”修改为“” 查找“”的信息，将找到的“%ProgramFiles%\Common Files\”修改为“%ProgramFiles%\Inter Explorer\” 其中可能有几个找不到，没关系，找相同时间的文件出来删之（比如这一木马创立的时间是2006-6-18 15：51你就搜索所有6-18创建的文件，当然，时间也要一致，可别删错了）如果没找到，那最好了，说明他已经不存在了。病毒相关文件大小全部一样为112K，反正我这里是这么大小，看网上其他人和我写的不一样。搞到这里你可以用些修复软件对系统进行下恢复，当然也可以不修复的。等等，接下来你不能运行EXE文件，你开个视频都要你打开方式的，好下面我们修改下注册表：不要在运行中输入东西打不开的。方法一：复制WINDOWS目录下的到桌面并改名为regedit.，然后打开regedit.，找到下列分支：HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \exefile\shell\open\mand，双击右侧窗口中的 (默认) 值，设置为 "%1" %* [包含引号] 再找到: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.exe 双击右侧窗口中的 (默认) 值，设置为 exefile 然后退出注册表编辑器，重启电脑 方法二：复制WINDOWS\system32目录下的到桌面并改名为cmd. 命令行中，依次执行以下命令： ftype exefile="%1" %* [包含引号](回车) assoc .exe=exefile 重启电脑。 至此病毒清除成功。 最后网上人家说防范措施：在WINDOWS目录下建立一个文件并设置为”只读“这样就不会在感染木马了。这话纯属放P，SMSS病毒是利用IE漏洞传播，可能你随便开个网页都有可能中毒，防止这个病毒最好是下个补丁。 1、用杀病毒软件清除内存中的病毒进程 *** 2、搜索计算机中的 *** 等病毒文件并手动删除，特别是和 *** 这两个文件，现在的杀毒软件还无法识别出是病毒， 3、搜索注册表中键值为C:\winnt\ *** 的项，全部删除 如果没有杀毒软件，就只好启动到安全模式下手动清除了。 win2k和winxp用户： 查找注册表中HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon下的shell键值，修改为 win98和winme用户： 查找，在中，查看以下内容： shell= 如果不是的，将其修改为以上内容 另外也查找一下run、runservice键值，看有否相应的启动项
没错,现在互联网比较流行这病毒,是熊猫烧香新变种! 这病毒应该是通过IE漏洞来攻击你机器的! 图片::
这个要看你是否设置自动运行了，如果没设置过一般没事，U盘传播的方式，大多以音频及压缩或图片最多！
蚊子，主要是埃及伊蚊 1．传染源和传播媒介 （1）传染源：患者、隐性感染者和感染寨卡病毒的非人灵长类动物是该病的可能传染源。 （2）传播媒介：埃及伊蚊为寨卡病毒主要传播媒介，白纹伊蚊、非洲伊蚊、黄头伊蚊等多种伊蚊属蚊虫也可能传播该病毒。 根据监测，我国与传播寨卡病毒有关的伊蚊种类主要为埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊，其中埃及伊蚊主要分布于海南省、广东雷州半岛以及云南省的西双版纳州、德宏州、临沧市等地区；白纹伊蚊则广泛分布于我国河北、山西、陕西以南的广大区域。 2．传播途径 （1）蚊媒传播为寨卡病毒的主要传播途径。蚊媒叮咬寨卡病毒感染者而被感染，其后再通过叮咬的方式将病毒传染给其他人。 （2）人与人之间的传播。 母婴传播：曾自孕妇胎盘中检测出寨卡病毒，提示寨卡病毒可通过胎盘由母亲传染给胎儿。此外，有寨卡病毒血症的孕妇，可能会在分娩过程中将寨卡病毒传播给新生儿。在乳汁中曾检测到寨卡病毒核酸，但尚无寨卡病毒通过哺乳感染新生儿的报道。 血液传播和性传播：寨卡病毒有可能通过输血或性接触进行传播。截至目前，已各报告1例可能通过输血传播和性接触传播的病例。
通过数据传输.种类太多了.特点就是具备隐蔽性,传输性,破坏性. (你的机子运转不正常就是有可能是病毒引发的原因)
五篇太多了、如果是一篇我还可以式一式。