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定语从句论文的英文文献

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定语从句论文的英文文献

论文名称: 科技英语中定语从句的英汉语言对比与汉译 英语题名: Comparison and the translation of the attributive clauses of EST between Chinese and English langua 关键字: 英汉语言; 科技英语;科技英语语体;定语从句; 文章从研究科技英语自身特点入手,运用对比语言学理论解释了英汉两种语言的差异性,分析了科技英语的特点,指出这是英汉语言特征中语序和成分的间隔不同而造成的,并列举了大量例句说明两种语言差异对科技英语翻译的影响,同时探讨了科技英语中长句--定语从句的译法,并在此基础上,总结出科技英语中定语从句汉译的几条规则. ②主语中包含有一个语法点,定语从句。这是英语中一个非常重要的语法点.顾名思义,定语从句应该在整个句中做定语,请对比如下两句: He bought an interesting book.(定语) / He bought a book which is interesting.(定语从句)。具体介绍该语法点: 修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后面,它需由关系代词或关系副词引导。 通常引导定语从句的关系代词有:who, whom, (一般指人), which(一般指物),whose, that(人、物均可).关系副词有:when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)。不管是关系代词还是副词引导定语从句时,要在定语从句中充当句子成分。上句中的who are learning a second language修饰先行词most adults, who 是关系代词,在从句中作主语。下面我们一起来看另几个例句:①本句主语Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields,谓语find,宾语difficult to succeed in language learning,it语法上称作形式宾语:当宾语较长时,常将它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。 ②包含定语从句who are very intelligent and successful in their fields,修饰先行词some people, who在定语从句中作主语。 ③需掌握的习语:be intelligent and successful in one’s field; succeed in sth / doing sth

提供一些商务英语专业毕业论文的题目,供参考。1. 《影响中国学生英语口语流利性的障碍研究》 2. 《跨文化交际中英语口语能力的培养》3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》5. 《单证员/报关员/跟单员等在国际贸易中的地位》6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》12. 《2007年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 》20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》26. 《应对经济全球化,加快我国企业跨国经营》27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》33. 《学生商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》34. 《大学生在运用定语从句时常见错误及分析其原因》35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应(文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等)38. 形象语在写作中的修辞效果39. 形象语在英汉诗歌互译中处理手段上的差异40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨41. "10+1"自由贸易区未来前景展望42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧43. 商务英语的特征与翻译44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈46. 广州/深圳等地区三资企业结构分析47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路

定语从句主要作用是修饰主句,对主句的状态进行描述或限定,充分反映主句的状况,因此十分重要,定语从句是一句完整的句子不能缺少或偏废某一部分.主要有不定式和分词式来担任.举例:I don't know that book to express english don't know that book 是主句to express english detail是带宾语的定语从句修饰主句.

定语从句就是用一个句子充当定语.一般定语从句的先行词是名词或代词.如:I like music that I can dance to.在这个句子里,that I can dance to就是定语从句.是由that引导的.目的是限定说明就叫先行词.一般定语从句是由that,who,what,which,where,when引导的.

英语专业毕业论文定语从句

英语定语从句可以用于写开题报告中对研究对象、目的、方法等的描述。以下是一些写英语定语从句的方法和示例:

探讨英语过去时的多义性[]浅谈科技英语特点[]浅析广告英语的语言特征及翻译技..[]分析假定语从句语言类型学[]浅谈英法语言对比分析在二外法语..[]TeachingStrategiesofOralCl..[]论英汉委婉语语用功能的相似性[]试论委婉语的跨文化现象[]美国黑人英语特色研究[]英语定语从句状语化研究及这些都行的,你可以去英语论文网你不会失望的祝你好运

1、This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 2、Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人.3、It’s time we studied hard. 我们该努力学习了。4、We like programs that are very interesting. 我们喜欢有趣的节目。5、That is the reason why I’ve changed so much. 那就是我变化这么快的原因。

this is the story that i am going to is once a man who is called is the conclusion that i get at the last. 参照下:挺全的,好好学习呀!

英语长难句翻译论文的文献

英文论文参考文献示例

无论在学习或是工作中,大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧,通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。你写论文时总是无从下笔?以下是我收集整理的英文论文参考文献示例,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语论文参考文献格式范本

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格,如某一条目超过一行,从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入,标点符号后空一格。

参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如:

Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。

例如:

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”,后用句号。

例如:

Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.

B. 三个以上作者

第一作者姓名(姓在前,名在后,中间加逗号)后接“et al.”,其他作者姓名省略。

例如:

Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献,参照下例:

Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.

Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.

(2)论文集

参照下例:

Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.

(3)百科全书等参考文献

参照下例:

Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

(4)学术期刊论文

参照下例:

Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.

(5)网络文献

参照下例:

----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .

2)中文参考文献

(1)专著

参照下例:

皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.

(2)期刊文章

参照下例:

杨忠,张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究,1999,(2):1-3.

(3)学位论文

参照下例:

梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南大学,2002.

(4)论文集

参照下例:

许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1999:5-7.

(5)附录本

翻译学论文参考文献范例

参考文献:

奥马利 第二语言习得的学习策略上海:上海外语出版社,2001

陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南:山东教育出版社,1999

丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海:上海外语出版社,2001

费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001

冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京:商务印书馆,1996

桂诗春,宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998

桂诗春 应用语言学长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998

何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000

何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997

侯维瑞 英语语体 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988

胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京:北京大学出版社,2001

黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002

黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

李延富主编 英语语言学基本读本 济南:山东大学出版社,1999

李运兴 语篇翻译引论 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000

刘润清 西方语言学流派北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999

刘润清等 现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京:测绘出版社,1988

刘润清等 语言学入门 北京:人民教育出版社,1990

陆国强 现代英语词汇学(新版)上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999

拓展内容:

书写格式

1.参考文献标注的位置

2. 参考文献标标注方法和规则

3. 参考文献标标注的格式

2007年8月20日在清华大学召开的“综合性人文社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定,2008年起开始部分刊物开始执行新的规范“综合性期刊文献引证技术规范”。该技术规范概括了文献引证的“注释”体例和“著者—出版年”体例。不再使用“参考文献”的说法。这两类文献著录或引证规范在中国影响较大,后者主要在层次较高的人文社会科学学术期刊中得到了应用。

⑴文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》,适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献,而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。

⑵顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者,在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说,引用一次的文献的页码(或页码范围)在文后参考文献中列出。格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年,卷(期)”等+“:页码(或页码范围).”。多次引用的文献,每处的页码或页码范围(有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码)分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处,置于方括号后(仅列数字,不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符;页码范围中间的连线为半字线)并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的,该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号,做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外,参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

⑶参考文献类型及文献类型,根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定,以单字母方式标识:

专著M ; 报纸N ;期刊J ;专利文献P;汇编G ;古籍O;技术标准S ;

学位论文D ;科技报告R;参考工具K ;检索工具W;档案B ;录音带A ;

图表Q;唱片L;产品样本X;录相带V;会议录C;中译文T;

乐谱I; 电影片Y;手稿H;微缩胶卷U ;幻灯片Z;微缩平片F;其他E。

书写技巧

把光标放在引用参考文献的地方,在菜单栏上选“插入|脚注和尾注”,弹出的对话框中选择“尾注”,点击“选项”按钮修改编号格式为阿拉伯数字,位置为“文档结尾”,确定后Word就在光标的地方插入了参考文献的`编号,并自动跳到文档尾部相应编号处请你键入参考文献的说明,在这里按参考文献著录表的格式添加相应文献。参考文献标注要求用中括号把编号括起来,以word2007为例,可以在插入尾注时先把光标移至需要插入尾注的地方,然后点击 引用-脚注下面的一个小箭头,在出现的对话框中有个自定义,然后输入中括号及数字,然后点插入,然后自动跳转到本节/本文档末端,此时再输入参考文献内容即可。

在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时,在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注,再次引用此文献时点“插入|交叉引用”,“引用类型”选“尾注”,引用内容为“尾注编号(带格式)”,然后选择相应的文献,插入即可。

不要以为已经搞定了,我们离成功还差一步。论文格式要求参考文献在正文之后,参考文献后还有发表论文情况说明、附录和致谢,而Word的尾注要么在文档的结尾,要么在“节”的结尾,这两种都不符合我们的要求。解决的方法似乎有点笨拙。首先删除尾注文本中所有的编号(我们不需要它,因为它的格式不对),然后选中所有尾注文本(参考文献说明文本),点“插入|书签”,命名为“参考文献文本”,添加到书签中。这样就把所有的参考文献文本做成了书签。在正文后新建一页,标题为“参考文献”,并设置好格式。光标移到标题下,选“插入|交叉引用”,“引用类型”为“书签”,点“参考文献文本”后插入,这样就把参考文献文本复制了一份。选中刚刚插入的文本,按格式要求修改字体字号等,并用项目编号进行自动编号。

打印文档时,尾注页同样会打印出来,而这几页是我们不需要的。当然,可以通过设置打印页码范围的方法不打印最后几页。这里有另外一种方法,如果你想多学一点东西,请接着往下看。

选中所有的尾注文本,点“格式|字体”,改为“隐藏文字”,切换到普通视图,选择“视图|脚注”,此时所有的尾注出现于窗口的下端,在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”,将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚(包括分隔线),选择“视图|页眉和页脚”,首先删除文字,然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮,在弹出的对话框上点“边框”,在“页面边框”选项卡,边框设置为“无”,应用范围为“本节”;“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”,应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”,删除页码。选择“工具|选项”,在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字(Word默认)。

注:以上在word中的处理是比较常用的做法,不过作者需要了解,投稿稿件是word格式或pdf格式或wps格式,但是很多期刊是用方正排版系统排版的,二者不“兼容”。因此,作者的word投稿只是编辑部排版的原稿,排版问题作者无需太过担心;而作者如想要编辑部出刊前最后的电子稿(有些作者着急要清样或已经排版的电子稿)其实也没有太大意义,因为没有方正的软件就无法打开这个电子稿。

没想到,还有人和我一样和找相关的参考文献:About Translation P. Newmark《论翻译》A Practical Guide for Translators G. Samuelsson-Brown《译者实用指南》Can Theory Help Translators? A Dialogue Between the Ivory Tower and the Wordface A. Chesterman & E. Wagner《理论对译者有用吗?象牙塔与语言工作面之间的对话》Corpora in Translator Education F. Zanettin et al.《语料库与译者培养》Corpus-based Approaches to Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies S. Granger《基于语料库的语言对比和翻译研究》Crosscultural Transgressions: Research Models in Translation studies Ⅱ, Historical and Ideological Issues T. Hermans《跨文化侵越——翻译学研究模式(Ⅱ):历史与意识形态问题》Electronic Tools for Translators F. Austermuhl《译者的电子工具》Intercultural Fautlines: Research Models in Translation Studies Ⅰ, Textual and Cognitive Aspects M. Olohan《超越文化断裂——翻译学研究模式(Ⅰ):文本与认知的译学研究》Method in Translation History 《翻译史研究方法》Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation- Orented Text Analysis(Second Edition) C. Nord《翻译的文本分析模式:理论、方法及教学应用》(第二版)The Translator’s Turn D. Robinson《译者登场》Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies . Holmes《译稿杀青!文学翻译与翻译研究文集》Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context《文学翻译:比较文学背景下的理论与实践》Translation and Empire : Postcolonial Theories Explained D. robinson《翻译与帝国:后殖民理论解读》Translation and Language : Linguistic Theories Explained 《翻译与语言:语言学理论解读》Translation and Literary Criticism: Translation as Analysis . Rose《翻译与文学批评:翻译作为分析手段》Translation and Nation : Towards a Cultural Politics of Englishness R. Ellis & L. Ley-Brown《翻译与民族:英格兰的文化政治》Translation and Norms C. Schaffner《翻译与规范》Translation and Norms C. Schaffner《翻译,权力,颠覆》Translation Today: Trends and Perspectives G. Anderman & 《今日翻译:趋向与视角》Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in Translation Studies L. Bowker et al.《多元下的统一?当代翻译研究潮流》Western Translation Theory: from Herodotus to Nietzsche D. Robinson《西方翻译理论:从希罗多德到尼采》 以上全是外研社的,建议你挑几个.千万别全写上,一定穿帮

楼上强大。。我想说楼主必然还是学生,据我所知大学的在线图书馆都有极其强大的database数据库,你可以去数据库找找资料,会有很多。。。。

英语毕业论文好的句子

毕业留言唯美句子英语

朋友相会再别离,别离再相聚,珍惜你我。以下是由我为大家整理的毕业留言唯美句子,喜欢的可以收藏一下!

1、毕业了,你走了,我守着一颗真心呆呆的看着咱们毕业照你微笑的脸庞。

1, graduation, you go, I hold a sincerity to stare at us the face of the smiling face of your graduation.

2、来也匆匆,去也匆匆,离绪千种,期待着一次重逢。

2, come and rush, go also hurriedly, be away from the variety, expect a reunion.

3、再一次回首,看一眼夕阳下教学楼的投影。从此,它便只属于我的记忆。而我,再不是它庇护下的学生。再见了,我的高中。

Again, look at the projection of the building in the sunset. From then on, it only belongs to my memory. And I, no longer, is the student under its aegis. Goodbye, my high school.

4、纵使季节搁浅,记忆沉淀,那薄薄的底片随着岁月褪色,也还能冲洗出那片温馨。

4, even if the season runs aground, the memory is precipitated, the thin film is fading with the years, and it can also wash out the warmth.

5、吵架也好,斗嘴也好,开心也好,出气也好,你永远是我心中最好的死党。

You are always the best party in my heart to fight, to bicker, to be happy, to be happy.

6、那以往的同窗生活,是一串糖葫芦,那迷人的甜和酸,将永远回味不完。

The past life of the same window is a chain of sugar gourds, the charming sweetness and acid will never finish.

7、多年之后再读会觉得留言的人是最了解自己的人,会有一份长久的感动。所以,不要让别人帮你写留言,一定要根据对象的不同来写,这才是珍贵的留言。同学啊,让往日夕暮中那些甜蜜的低语,都埋在心底,化作美丽的记忆吧!

After many years, the person who reads the message will feel like the person who knows him most, will have a lasting move. So, don't let someone else write a message for you. Make sure you write it according to the difference. That's a valuable message. My classmate, let the sweet whisper to the evening of the evening, be buried in the bottom of the heart, make a beautiful memory!

8、人生中有许多感人的缘,有时会随风而去,有时会令你我感伤,无论你随风而去,我独自在这里感伤,都是缘。

8, in life there are many moving, sometimes breaking, sometimes I make you sad, no matter you are gone, I was alone sad, here are marginal.

9、不知道四年之后:喜悦的时候谁来报声平安,烦恼的.时候谁来替我分担,逛街的时候谁来替我买单。那些日渐繁盛的香樟,色彩淡去的乐园,挤了五个人的小床,食堂三楼的学士缘排档……都是曾经微笑着看着我们成长的大学记忆!

I don't know four years later: who will pay for me when I am happy? Who will pay for me when I go shopping? Those that are flourishing, the garden of color, the small bed of five people, the bachelor's line on the third floor of the dining hall... All the college memories that smiled and looked at our growth!

10、毕业了,不再为作业,论文烦恼了,可却要面临更加艰巨的挑战。

10, graduate, no longer be homework, the paper is vexed, but the challenge that faces more difficult.

11、你我相逢在初秋的夕阳里,你晶亮的眼眸点燃了黄昏的第一堆篝火;飘扬的黑发,抚平我离家的忧愁。

You and I meet in the sunset of early autumn, your bright eyes lit the first fire of the evening. Fluttering black hair soothes the grief of my leaving home.

12、快毕业了,真的很留恋大学四年的美好时光。我最感谢的是四年来同甘共苦的好朋友,好姐妹们。虽然还有一个月就要离开了,但是在最后的这段日子里,我相信我们能开心度过,珍惜相处的每一刻。

I'm graduating. I'm really in college for four years. I'd like to thank my good friends and sisters for four years. Although there is still a month left, but in the last days, I believe we can be happy and cherish each moment.

13、想说的很多。可是这样的时刻,这样的场合,能留给你的,只有我的默默的祈祷:珍重啊,朋友!

You want to say a lot. But such a moment, such a circumstance, can leave you, only my silent prayer: treasure, my friend!

14、再见学校,再见教室,再见老师,再见同学,再见我暗恋的女孩。

Goodbye school, good night, goodbye teacher, goodbye my classmate, goodbye my secret love girl.

15、我忘了哪年哪月的哪一日,我在哪面墙上刻下一张脸,一张微笑着、忧伤着,凝望我的脸,我们微笑着说我们停留在时光的原处,其实,早已被洪流无声地卷走。

15, I forgot what year which months which day, where I am wall on a face, a smile, sad, gazing at my face, we said with a smile we stopped at the time of its place, in fact, has long been a flood swept away quietly.

16、就这样眨眼间毕业了。如果上天再给我一次机会,我要永远不毕业。

You graduated in the blink of an eye. If god gave me another chance, I would never graduate.

17、命运让我们相识相知,生活又使我们相分相离,就像月亮和星星,遥远而又永在一起。

17, fate brings us to know each other. Life brings us apart, just like the moon and the stars.

18、我在大学体会了除离别以外的一切美好!现在让离别画上美好的句号!道一声“思量”,又怎不“思量”!

I experienced all the good things except the separation in college. Now let the separation draw a good period! Tao one "think", how do not "think"!

19、再回首,是一串充满酸甜苦辣的昨天:昨天,有我们在课堂上的争论;昨天,有我们在球场上的奔跑;昨天,有我们在考场上的奋斗;昨天,有我们在烛光中的歌唱。是啊,昨天,多么美好,多么值得回忆!

Looking back, it is a series of bittersweet and bitter yesterdays: yesterday, there was a debate in class; Yesterday, we ran on the court. Yesterday, there was our struggle in the examination room; Yesterday, we sang in the candlelight. Yes, yesterday, how wonderful, how memorable!

20、毕业了,我们说好了开心的离开,可散伙饭那天眼泪却不听话的流下来。

20, graduation, we agreed to be happy to leave, but the group meal that day tears but not obedient.

21、用四年的时间换一个心底永远的回忆,这样够励志吧。

Take four years to change the memory of your heart forever.

22、从五湖四海来,到天南地北去。不管走到哪里,不管在什么岗位,让我们继续填好人生的履历表,交出事业的优秀答卷,为母校的旗帜增辉添彩。

From all over the world, to the north and south of the earth. No matter where we go, no matter what post, let us continue to fill in the resume of life, hand over the excellent answer of the cause, and add luster to the flag of our Alma mater.

23、毕业了,不想说再见!真的不想!毕业了,我们该如何对着生活了三年的学校说再见?

Graduation, don't want to say goodbye! Really don't want to! Graduation, how do we say goodbye to the school that has lived for three years?

24、和大学说再见,却不跟青春道别。

24, say goodbye to college, but don't say goodbye to youth.

25、看着空荡荡的宿舍和柜子,总觉得还留下了什么,原来我留下了我对你们的思念。

Looking at the empty dormitory and the closet, I always felt that I had left behind something I thought of you.

26、二十年后见,你会看见一个西装革履,潇洒英俊的我,那时也许你会喜欢我,可我并不一定会看上你,你唱歌的样子很靓,让我误以为是杨勉。

26, see you after twenty years, you will see a suit and tie, dashing and handsome I, then maybe you will like me, but I will not necessarily have a crush on you, you look very beautiful singing, let me think was Yang Mian.

27、让我们挥手而去,在那无限的空间里漫游;恍惚的人生旅途中,有缘总会相聚。

Let us wave and roam in that infinite space; In a trance life, there will always be a meeting.

28、群鸿飞四海,爱心留故园;海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞。让我们把“崇德尚能,知行合一”的校训作为航标,勇敢地启航!

A group of people are all over the world. The sea is wide with fish, and the sky is high. Let us set up the motto of "chongde shang," the motto of "the unity of the people," and set sail bravely.

29、毕业了,曾经在一起的打打闹闹也已经远去。

29, graduation, once the dozen of the dozen that have been together have gone away.

30、张开你的帆,去乘风破浪,把我的祝福,挂在桅杆上,码头上的汽笛声已结束了昨天的梦,岁月的思潮还会忆起往日的时光,待到满载而归时,再来寻重逢的岸。

30, open your sail, go to swim, my blessing, hung on the mast, the siren on the pier has ended yesterday dream, years of ideological trend will also remember the old days, until later, when to meet again.

31、为学习努力三年多以后,你的大四就可以过猪的生活了,为了笑到最后,请努力学习。

In order to study hard for more than three years, you will be able to live the life of a pig in your senior year.

32、毕业了,在那校园里面还残留着我们多少身影,还有多少回忆,而我们却要离开。

I graduated, and there was still a lot of us in the campus, how many memories, and we were leaving.

33、毕业了,曾经那些不在意的人和事,现在想来多么珍贵。

Graduation, once those people and things that didn't care, now how precious.

34、四年的大学时光转瞬即逝,回想起四年走过的路程,有欢笑有泪水。曾经年少轻狂,曾经满面风霜。曾经憧憬的多姿多彩的大学生活,即将落幕。回想起这四年的生活,有太多的人太多的事,时常浮现在眼前,挥之不去。忘不了大一时的军训,忘不了和室友的彻夜长眠。忘不了和同伴一起听课去图书馆排队。

The four years of college are fleeting, recalling the journey of four years, with laughter and tears. He was a young man, once a face of the face. The colorful college life that was once a dream is coming to an end. Recalling the four years of life, too many people have too many things. Forget the military training for a long time, and never forget to sleep with your roommate all night long. I will never forget to go to the library with my partner.

35、大学就像校门口的公交车,坐上车,去了又回,那是又开始了一个学期;坐上车,去了不回,就毕业了。

35, the university is like the bus at the school gate, sit on the bus, go back, it is a semester again. When you get on the bus, you don't go back, you graduate.

36、也许一个转身,真的是永远恴别离毕业赠言。

Maybe a turn around is forever a gift for graduation.

37、在这个阳光热辣的季节里,我们就要离去,为着更好的宴会,更多的热闹。

In this hot and hot season, we will leave, for better party and more lively.

38、去年的此时,看着忙碌的学长们,还觉得毕业离自己很遥远。而此时,站在四年大学时光的终点,白驹过隙的感觉油然而生。

At this time last year, looking at the busy students, I felt that graduation was very far away from me. And now, at the end of four years of college, the fleeting feeling of the moment arises.

39、相逢又告别,归帆又离岸,是往日欢乐的终结,未来幸福的开端。

It is the end of the past rejoicing and the beginning of the future happiness.

毕业留言英语句子(精选60句)

无论是在学校还是在社会中,大家都看到过许多经典的句子吧,不同的句子类型在文章中具有不同的'作用。那么什么样的句子才更具感染力呢?以下是我为大家整理的毕业留言英语句子(精选60句),希望对大家有所帮助。

day,after the alma mater,hear the familiar get out of class whispered,as if we saw the scenes of our heart to play.

graduation,you may have a lot of puzzled,there may be many reluctant,maybe there will be a lot of regret,maybe some regret,maybe there will be many nostalgia.

to all the three years of college students,I will remember,remember all my life.

and bid farewell to the sail and off the coast,is the end of the joy of the past,the beginning of the future happiness.

us waved away,in that infinite space roaming; trance of life on the road,the fate will always meet.

about the same table we have,after the college entrance examination on the future,and my heart is really future more treasures!

is a line,set up the bridge we meet,cut our side of the community; friendship is a altar of wine,far from the north to drink a total of not drunk,he finally meet again and again.

graduation,do not sit in the classroom to listen to the teacher lectures,but to start living for the rush.

do not want to be able to succeed,since the choice of the piece of oasis,it is no longer looking back!

I graduated,when I was living alone,I would raise a cat called the wholesale to accompany me.

graduation,after tears,always does not change,that adhere to is forever.

is the alma mater,that is where you call him eight times a day but not allow others to curse the place.

goodbye,sail voyage,forget the friend,is that you throw the friendship of the cable,virtually tied to my heart.

not think that can be mixed to graduation on the is also important to master the skills.

Yiyi,do not depend on,a thousand words for speechless; you can not forget me,I can not forget you,meet will have a period.

years or long or short have been time to take away,leaving the memories have become a touch of the War.

last sentence: you look at the book,I look at you again.

can the vicissitudes of life,how can there be no painful moment? For the cause,we let the tears of farewell.

let us go to the same sky,chase together,grow together,laugh together.

are lucky,every good time; we have aura,to seize the opportunity,the future in our body.

dear I want to love you well,I have to be happy not graduated

the same table,no I nagging around,will not be some accustomed to.

say good cry,can be scattered food that day tears do not obey the flow out.

if the season stranded,memory precipitation,that thin film with the years of fading,but also rinse out that piece of warmth.

go to school every day,everyone still laugh so bright,imitation brush there are 10 million flowers at the same time our hearts clear,everyones heart,in fact,have a touch of melancholy.

the students recorded on the words you write me,I am happy to shed tears.

is the life of the nectar!It will give the future into the victory,it will stay in our lips,leaving endless memorable.

a college admission notice to sleep,wake up and found a notice into a diploma,that I have been here to sleep.

not extend a career before graduation,let me remember the three years of good.

this hot sun season,we will leave,for a better banquet,more lively.

years we graduated from the scattered things clearly hard to cry but also pseudo-strong.

then on,recall meet each times the soul dream and to the silver cylinder according to,still afraid to meet is a dream.

photo,and we do not have a bright we are about to separate.

of the shelling,are mature to the have any of the past,only the most to each of you,and the finest,years of love.

topic is no longer gossip,learning,replaced by work,the future and marriage.

you go to Cape End of the World,and no matter how long will be separated,I will wait for waiting.

flowers,four years of dreams,it is necessary to bid farewell to the new horn has been ringing to the campus we are going to in the future of life on everyone we can smooth sailing.

fact,graduation is not terrible,terrible is to grow up,before the classmate friends do not remember their own.

is my alma mater,when you first came to anxious to go early,can be really when you want to go,and eager to stay more than a day or two.

classmates break up,Road one: treasure!Alumni reunion tomorrow,he heard: success!

the course of life is a route,where it extends depends on the compass,then the most important thing is to recognize the pointer on the compass.

has a valuable asset,that is - life!Hope you can use it effectively.

gives you an ordinary and precious gift,this is wish you with enthusiasm,work hard to return to life!

youth as hot as the sun,even in the face of frost,but also can melt into Oasis,to nourish the earth,irrigation pastoral.

secret of success lies in the goal of perseverance.

is like Yin Yan,often fly to our window lattice; the opportunity is like a bell,always echoed in our need us to look with the eyes to catch,with the ears to listen.

is like a spark,it can be extinguished,you can burn it,let it burn into a raging fire.

fruit does not belong to the spring of flowers,but belongs to the spring of the sow the seeds of creation in the spring of life,will come to the golden life of the fall!

the snow is covered with green leaves,is colorful,is a bird flower wish you with excellent results to meet the spring!

and real numbers are meaningful; ideas,and only with the action to make a brilliant.

is to strive for something that naturally does not give us.

there is always a round of sediment,but the surging river is always running in the established direction.

is climbing!May you bear the fate of the heavy load,trekking,climbing on a consciousness,character,sentiment,knowledge of the peak of it!

you head high when the chest,my dear child,please pay attention to the foot of the stone or cut off the ditch.

leaves of the bud said: growth!Grow!White flowers said: open!Open!Dark red fruit said:brilliant!Brilliant!

the journey of life,hope you write this joy trilogy.

the picture of life,occasionally cast a gray,does not foretell your sinking,it is important,in the gray to extract the green hope.

18 graduation to the students of the message selected 3 graduation to the students of the message selected 3 no way,we took a road,there are many roads,we hesitated,which go But when we are hesitant,the time has been quietly slip not hesitate,and choose a quasi-one to a solid footprints,to the success of the end,forward!

you have lost a wonderful result in your dream last night; perhaps,you have lost this morning show a colorful vision; perhaps you have lost a beautiful evening in the evening sunset But as long as you never lost your relentless Effort,never lost You constantly improve the self,youth,heater will be full of your life sails.

is no embarrassment of failure,there will be no pride of success; failure is not terrible,as long as they can stand up from failure.

1、这一秒不放弃,下一秒就有希望!坚持下去才可能成功! This second does not give up, there will be hope in the next second! Hold on until you succeed! 2、我们是幸运的,逢上这好时光;我们有灵气,去把握时机,未来在我们身上。 We are lucky to have this good time. We have the spirit to seize the moment, and the future to us. 3、三年的同窗,我与你结下了深厚的友谊,愿你我心灵间的交流,直到永远。 Three years of classmates, I and you have forged a deep friendship, I wish you and my heart to communicate, until forever. 4、我也并不是总舍不得你走,只是总想看见你的笑容,听你的笑声。 I'm not always reluctant to leave you, but I always want to see your smile and listen to your laughter. 5、世间最可宝贵的就是今天,最易丧失的也是今天;愿你在未来的一年中,无限珍惜这每一个今天。 The most Pcious thing in the world is today. The easiest thing to lose is today, and may you treasure each and every day for the rest of the year. 6、下一个夏天,教室里又会坐满了,可惜再也不是我们了。 Next summer, the classroom will be full again, but it's not us anymore. 7、人世间最珍贵的,莫过于真诚的友情,深切的怀念,像幽香的小花,开在深谷。 The most Pcious thing in the world is the sincere friendship, the deep yearning, like the fragrance of small flowers, opened in the deep valley. 8、艰难困苦是幸福的源泉,安逸享受是苦难的开始。 Hardship is the fountain of happiness, and leisure is the beginning of misery. 9、最珍惜,好友的问候,纵然人生聚散无常,念你的心依旧。 The most cherished friends, greetings, even if life gather, read your heart still. 10、相逢又告别,归帆又离岸,既是往日欢乐的终结,又是未来幸福的开端。 Meet and farewell, sail away from the shore, is the end of past joy, but also the beginning of the future happiness. 11、你是我记忆中的一粒珍珠,心里天幕上的一颗明星。 You are a pearl in my memory, a star in my heart. 12、也许你不情愿,也许你胆怯,但只要能够跨出去,一种温馨而充满活力的生活也许就在你的面前。 Perhaps you are reluctant, perhaps you are timid, but as long as you can step out, a warm and vibrant life may be in front of you. 13、愿我的临别赠言是一把伞,能为你遮挡征途上的烈日与风雨。 May my valediction is an umbrella, you can block the sun and wind and rain on the journey. 14、认识你是我的欢乐,离开你是我的痛苦。对于即将的离别,支持着我的是对于重逢的期盼。 It's my joy to know you, it's my pain to leave you. For the upcoming parting, support for me is the hope of reunion. 15、无尽的人海中,我们相聚又分离;但愿我们的友谊冲破时空,随岁月不断增长。 In the endless sea of man we meet and pide. May our friendship break through time and space and grow with age. 16、离别,泪水成了留言,你说:这泪可以凝结成珍珠,变成永久的纪念。 Parting, tears become messages, you say: "this tears can be condensed into pearls, become a permanent memorial.". 17、几个人用同样钥匙是打开同一扇门;几个人用同样的目光,跟空荡的寝室说再见。 Several people open the same door with the same key; a few people say goodbye to the empty bedroom with the same eye. 18、聚也不是开始,散也不是结束,同窗数载凝的无数美好瞬间,将永远铭刻在我的记忆之中。 Gathering is not the beginning, nor is it the end, and the countless wonderful moments in which the classmate counts, forever etched in my memory. 19、当世界给草籽重压时,它总会用自己的方法破土而出。 When the world to seed weight, it will use a way. 20、我的难题是挥别之后,如何能永远以一种冰般冷静又火般热烈的心情,对你。 My problem is how to say goodbye, always in a calm mood like ice and fire warm to you. 21、你使是怀念少年时的纯真和友谊。当我捧起记忆中的佳酿想请你喝时,却先醉了自己。 You make the memory of innocence and friendship when you are young. When I won the memory of the wine would like to invite you to drink, but his first drunk. 22、你是一块美丽的彩石,有海的波纹,有珊瑚的美色,阳光下,正闪耀生命的光泽。 You are a beautiful stone, corrugated sea, coral beauty, the sun is shining, the luster of life. 23、你很守信用,俗话说:守信是一项财宝,不应该随意虚掷。我希望你能够保持这样下去。 You keep your word, as the saying goes, "faith is a treasure, and should not be thrown at will.". I hope you can keep it that way. 24、柳阴下别百般惆怅,同窗数载少年情长,望征程千种思绪,愿友情化为奋进的力量! Liu Yin, do not make every possible melancholy, the number of students carrying youth, long, looking forward to the journey thousands of thoughts, friendship is willing to become the force of progress! 25、嫩绿的叶芽说:生长!生长!洁白的花朵说:开放!开放!深红的果实说:辉煌!辉煌! The green leaf bud growth! Growth! The white flower said, "open."! To open up! The crimson fruit said, "brilliant!"! Brilliant! 26、想想曾经同桌的我们,高考过后就各奔前程了,心中真是不舍。同学,前途多珍重! Think we have the same table, after the college entrance examination is the heart is really each one pursues his onward journey, don't give up. Schoolmates, the future will treasure! 27、你和我的情谊永不遗失,会长久下去!直到永远。 Your friendship with me will never be lost, and it will last forever! Forever. 28、总有一些欢乐的镜头,藏在记忆的角落,在无意中轻轻掀开,抖落了一室的萧瑟! There are always some shots of joy, hiding in the corner of the memory, inadvertently gently lifted, shook off a bleak! 29、让我们共同摒弃对幸福的一味幻想,把希望寄托在对事业的执着追求上! Let us abandon the illusion of happiness together, and put our hopes on the persistent pursuit of the cause! 30、因为我们都已明白,此去再也没有比手中这一杯更醇更美的酒了。 For we all know that there is no more mellow, more beautiful wine than the cup in hand. 31、你是花季的蓓蕾,你是展翅的雄鹰,明天是我们的世界,一切因我们而光辉。 You are the bud of the flower season, you are the eagle carrying the wings, tomorrow is our world, everything is shining because of us. 32、同学啊,让往日夕暮中那些甜蜜的低语,都埋在心底,化作美丽的记忆吧! Classmate, let the sweet whispers of the past night bury in the bottom of my heart and turn into beautiful memories! 33、生命,从小溪的流淌中获得;童真,在飞流的倾泻中闪光;存在的价值,于大河的奔流中呈现。 Life comes from the flow of the brook; innocence shines in the pouring of the current; the value of existence appears in the stream of the river. 34、我们不得不分离,轻声地说声再见,心里保存着感激,感谢你曾给我那一份深厚的情谊。 We had to part, say goodbye softly, and thank you for the kindness you gave me. 35、我有三愿:一愿友情温暖我们心田,二愿欢乐永驻你我心间,三愿我们常常相见! I have three wishes: May the friendship warm our hearts, two may the joy be always with you and me, and may we meet each other often three! 36、面对着岁月摆下的筵席,我们相互微笑殷勤地劝酒,仿佛所有没说的爱恋与不舍,都收藏在语句的背后。 In the face of the years placed under the table, we smile to each other politely Quanjiu, did not say if all the love and sadness, are housed in the back of the statement. 37、以后我们要常联系,让我们的友谊天长地久。 In the future, we must keep in touch with each other so that our friendship will last forever. 38、不管未来有多遥远,成长的路上有你有我;不管相逢在什么时候,我们是永远的朋友。 No matter how far away the future may be, you will have me on the way to growth; no matter when we meet, we will be friends forever. 39、在忙碌的生活中别忘了抽个时间,让自己轻松一睛,永远保持一颗年轻快乐的心。 In a busy life, don't forget to take time to relax and keep a young and happy heart forever. 40、毕业了,对于一些人,学生时代也永别了。 Graduation, for some people, students also farewell. 41、小荷初露的季节,我们也曾陷入迷茫的困惑,感到孤独和凄凉,但我们毕竟走了来。 The lotus first season, we have lost in the confusion, feel lonely and miserable, but we are going to. 42、今日同窗分手,说一声:珍重!明朝校友相逢,贺一句:成功! Today, my classmate broke up and said, "take care!"! Ming alumni meet, congratulations one: success! 43、经历就是人生的硎石,生命的锋芒在磨砺中闪光;经历就是人生的矿石,生命的活力在提炼中释放。 Experience is the life of the whetstone stone, life edge in wheting flash; life experience is the release of the vitality of life in ore refining. 44、在船停泊的片刻,我们相识了。在这快乐而有意义的六年里,我们都有着很好的友谊生活。 We met at a moment when the ship was at anchor. In this happy and meaningful six years, we all have a very good friendship life. 45、你能否送我一块手帕?让我心上飘起一片帆。 Could you send me a handkerchief? Let my heart as a sail. 46、相知是天意,相识是人意,相加便是友谊,有情便有意,我们能聚在一起,因为心有灵犀。 Know each other is God, the acquaintance is satisfactory, adding that friendship, love and intention, we can get together, because of the heart. 47、不要生气要争气,不要看破要突破,不要嫉妒要欣赏,不要托延要积极,不要心动要行动。 Don't be angry to blame, don't look to break, do not envy to apPciate, do not delay to be positive, don't move to action. 48、羡慕你——有一颗年轻的心,敏捷好胜的心。愿你的节律与时代同步,在人生的道路上迅跑! Envy you -- have a young heart, agile Yoshikatsu heart. May your rhythm and time synchronization, run on the road of life! 49、凤凰花吐露着艳红,在祝福你我的梦。当我们飞向那海阔天空,不要彷徨也不要停留。 Phoenix flower is blossoming, bless you in my dream. When we fly to that don't wander or stop as boundless as the sea and sky. 50、你有涌泉一样的智慧和一双辛勤的手,学友,学友,不管你身在何处,幸运与快乐时刻陪伴着你! You have the same springs of wisdom and a pair of hard hands, buddy, buddy, no matter where you are lucky and happy to accompany you! 51、亲爱的朋友请握一握手,从此以后要各奔西东。 Dear friends, please shake hands, then to the west towards the east. 52、紧紧地握一握手。手有意,手有情,掌心中千言万语,也有我难言的秘密。 Shake hands tightly. The hand has intention, the hand has the sentiment, in the palm in a thousand words, also has my unspeakable secret. 53、毕业了,亲爱的,一路顺风,永远想你! After graduation, my dear, you always want to I wish you a happy voyage! 54、朋友,让我轻轻的说声你好,虽然人生难免有聚有散,但你却是我心中,最珍惜最难忘的朋友。 Friends, let me gently say hello, although life will inevitably get together, there are scattered, but you are my heart, the most cherished, the most memorable friends. 55、别离,是有点难舍,但不怅然;是有点遗憾,但不悲观。因为我们有相逢的希望在安慰。 Leave a little regret, but not disappointed; is a bit sorry, but not pessimistic. For we have hope of meeting, and comfort. 56、南风又轻轻地吹送,相聚的光阴匆匆。亲爱的朋友请不要难过,离别以后要彼此珍重。 The south wind is blowing gently, the time of gathering is in a hurry. My dear friends, please don't be sad. After you leave, please treasure each other. 57、明年的开学季,坐在这个教室的人就再不也是我们了。 Next year's opening season, the people sitting in this classroom are no longer us. 58、用爱生活,你会使自己幸福!用爱工作,你会使很多人幸福! Live with love, and you will make yourself happy! Work with love, and you will make many people happy! 59、不论经历多少岁月,不论走过多远路途,我都深深怀念那条路,它曾经引导我与你相遇。 No matter how many years passed, no matter how far I traveled, I missed that road. It once led me to meet you. 60、雪花乱飞的季节,我们也曾陷入迷茫的困惑,感到孤独和凄凉,但我们毕竟走了过来。 In the snow season, we were confused and lonely and miserable, but we came over after all. 61、母校的每一个角落,都珍藏着我们的友情,弥漫着我们的幻想。 In every corner of our alma mater, we cherish our friendship and fill our fantasies. 62、分别已久,相见亦难,让这小小的纸片带去我真诚的心,捎去我永恒的爱。 It is difficult to meet each other for a long time. Let me take this little piece of paper with my sincere heart and take my everlasting love. 63、好好利用在公共场合说话的机会,展示或者锻炼,都可以。 Make good use of opportunities to speak in public, show or exercise. 64、你像春天里的新叶,沐浴在温暖的阳光下,纯净如一片碧玉。 You are like a new leaf in spring, bathed in warm sunshine, pure as a jasper. 65、分别时,我们没有流连的泪眼,相对,无语。看夕阳透过文峰塔尖,把它的余晖洒在西清河畔。 Respectively, we did not hang around eyes, relative, Speechless. Watch the sunset through the Wenfeng spire, it dropped over Xiqing river. 66、宁愿跑起来被拌倒无数次,也不愿规规矩矩走一辈子。就算跌倒也要豪迈的笑。 Would rather run up, have been mixed countless times, and do not want to behave all the way through life. Even if fall, but also bold smile. 67、离别是暂时的,共度人生是永远的,离别滋生相思情,使我们的爱情更炽热。 Parting is temporary. Life is forever. Parting breeds love and makes our love hotter. 68、你的成绩也不差只要你努力了,就一定会成功。 Your grades are not bad, so long as you work hard, you will succeed. 69、多少个早晨,多少个傍晚,我俩在这路上漫步,它和友情一起,留在我的记忆里,也烙在你的印象中。 How many mornings and how many evenings did we walk along the road? It was with my friendship, and it remained in my memory. 70、那以往的同窗生活,是一串糖葫芦,那迷人的甜和酸,将永远回味不完。 Classmate that past life, is a bunch of Tomatoes on sticks, that charming sweet and acid, will always be memorable. 71、亲爱的同学请握一握手,从此以后要各奔西东。 Dear classmates please shake hands, then to the west towards the east. 72、你用才智和学识取得今天的收获,又以明智和果敢接受明天的挑战。学友,我钦佩你的一往无前精神。 With wisdom and knowledge, you will reap today's gains, and accept tomorrow's challenges with wisdom and determination. Buddy, I admire your indomitable spirit. 73、让生命的书页,永远记住点然过心灵的温暖阳光。 Let the pages of life always remember the warm sunshine of the heart. 74、一声汽笛,跌落在旷野;无限的惆怅与孤独,在别离的那一刻,一齐涌上心头。 A whistle fell in the wilderness; boundless melancholy and loneliness, at the moment of parting, welled up in one's heart. 75、愿你在平凡的岗位上,创造出不平凡的业绩来,直到实现远大的理想。 May you create extraordinary achievements in the ordinary post, until you realize your lofty ideal. 76、那天,经过母校,听到熟悉的下课低声,仿佛看见了我们天心玩耍的场面。 On that day, after the alma mater, heard the familiar class, a low voice, as if to see the scene of our play. 77、学习,就是努力争取获得自然没有赋予我们的东西。 To learn is to strive for what nature has not given us. 78、不要勉强自己,明天没什么特别!只是想你能完完全全陪我在你有时间我离开前。 Don't force yourself, tomorrow is nothing special! Just want you to be with me exactly when you have time before I leave. 79、楚天千里清秋,水随千里无际;四年同窗寻宝,难舍难解难分。 Chutian Trinidad autumn water, with Trinidad boundless; four years old treasure, and inextricably involved.

英语句子重音的研究论文结语

判别句子重音是正确朗读英语句子的关键之一。应遵循的基本原则如下:一、一般性原则在通常情况下,实义词即表达明确概念的词通常重读。根据这一原则,应该重读的词为:名词代词——指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词形容词副词数词介词——多音节介词动词——实义动词、be在句首、助动词或情态动词在句首、或与not构成缩写形式——Who did you go to the cinema with?——I went there with my younger ,with ,,brother nger,brother答案是D。因为A、B、C中均有不属于重读范围的词。二、新信息原则在答语或语段中,再次出现的不含有新信息的实义词,通常不重读。表示新信息的词要重读。——How many students are there in the classroom?——There are fifty students in the classroom.三、强化性原则有时,为了强调某词,无论是实词还是虚词,均须重读。——What does he like best?——He likes to play basket-ball best, like her.四、对比性原则有些词,虽不属重读范围,但是讲话者在答话时却特别强调,想与问句中的某中心词形成强烈的比照,这些词亦应重读。——Is he in the classroom?——No,he is outside the classroom.

本文针对小学英语 初学者语音教学中存在的对语音教学重视不够,对语音教学的内容和任务把握不够,教学中英音、美音并用的现象,提出了相应的对策。 作为交际工具的语言首先是有声语言,文字不过是有声语言的记录符号,语音作为语言存在的物质基础,不仅是语言的本质,也是语言教学的基础。语言丢掉了语音,就成了死的语言,它的交际作用将受到极大的限制。如一个人发音不准,语调不顺,听别人谈话或别人听自己谈话,都会有困难。相反,如一个人学好了语音,有了正确的发音,流利的语调,就能运用该种语言进行顺利的交际,即能够准确、迅速地听懂别人的说话,也能够自如地表达自己的思想。著名教授吉姆森说过:“说任何语言,一个人必须懂得接近百分之百的语音,而只懂得百分之五十的语法和百分之一的词汇就够了。”这足以说明语音是多么重要了。 学好语音不仅是言语交际活动的需要,也是学好英语的基础。在语言三要素中,词汇和语法都是通过语音这个物质外壳表现出来。只有学好了语音,才能准确无误地交流思想,促进语法和词汇的掌握,提供实际使用语言的能力。在教学实践中,我们也发现:语音好的学生,听说读的能力都很强;语音差的学生,听说读往往障碍重重。所以语音是英语教学入门阶段的重点。目前英语学习严重分化的现象和入门阶段是否打好语音基础直接相关。 著名英语教育专家胡春洞教授说过:“语音是存在的物质基础,英语语音教学是整体教学发展的起点,也是教学的第一关,并始终影响着以后的其它教学。” 由此可见,抓好语音教学在英语学习中的重要性,尤其是在学习英语的初期。因为语言教育专家普遍认为,6-12 岁是儿童学习第二语言的关键期。这个时期打好英语语音语调基础十分关键。《英语课程标准(实验稿)》就提出小学阶段英语教学的重点之一便是“引导学生养成良好的读音”,以便为进一步学习英语和实际应用英语打下基础。 小学英语教师不同程度地贯彻了新《课标》的要求。但也不可否认,还没有给以足够的重视,加上教学过程中方法、技巧等运用不当,造成了一部分学生读音不准、语调不对,给后继学习带来了困难。 那么,当前小学英语初学者的语音教学存在哪些问题呢? 二、小学英语初学者语音教学中的几个问题 1、 对语音教学重视不够。 一些教师对学生发音中潜在的错误不认真纠正就放过,如浊辅音发成清辅音,短元音发成长元音等。典型的错误有/ θ /, / ? /,/ З /和在连缀的辅音间加/? /或/i /的音。/θ / / ? / / З /这几个音听起来很陌生,在汉语里找不到,根据Lado Robert 的理论:如果外语里使用了学习者母语里找不到的音素,他在学习此外语时一定难以发出那个音,那么,他会用母语里的某个音来替换。他在听和发那个外语音素时都会感到困难,所以很多学生把/ θ /念成/ s /, / ? /念成/ z /,/ З /则念成/ j /。如thanks ,those,pleasure。英语音节有辅音连缀(consonant clusters)现象,学生不习惯,就很自然地在连缀的辅音之间加/ ?/或/ i/的音,如 black/bl?k/错念成/b?l?k/, little/?litl/错念成/?lit?l/等。 2、 对语音教学的内容和任务把握不够 具体表现在把语音教学的内容重点放在字母、单词及拼读这些方面,而忽视了语调、语流、重音(单词重音和句子重音)、节奏等方面的教学。 1) 语调 英语是语调语言(intonation language),英语的语调在口语中的作用很大,表达说话人的感情色彩和意图。而汉语是声调语言(tone language)。在汉语中,语调虽然也有修辞作用,表达说话人的感情和意图,但汉语的词主要靠声调来区分“声母与韵母相拼,再加声调。” 如汉语普通话的“妈”、“麻”、“马”、“骂”、 “吗”,发音相同,但因声调不同而意义有别。英语的音节只有重读、轻读之分,声调如何,不会改变词义。受汉语限制(其语调基本上呈平稳态势),这一特性会影响学习者掌握夸张起伏的英语语调。 2) 节奏。 英语是以重音计时的(stress-timed)语言,而汉语是以音节计时的(syllable-timed )语言。在英语中,多音节词或语句,总是以重音为骨干,以轻音为陪衬,轻音重音交替出现,形成音乐的节拍感,这就是英语的节奏。英语句子的节奏,是英语极为重要的特征,它既表现和谐的旋律,又能使说话者的说话重点突出、意思分明。如: ?1 ?2 ?3 ?4 ?1 and ?2 and ?3 and ?4 ?1 and a ?2 and a ?3 and a ?4 ?1 and then a ?2 and then a ?3 and then a ?4 这四句话虽然音节数量不同,但具有相同的重音数量,所以具有大致相当的时间节律。实现这种时间节律,往往需要注意吐词的节奏和连读。而受汉语讲话的影响,学生读单音节词非常准确,但在读多音节词、词组和句子时就漏洞百出了。这四个语句初学者往往会念得一句比一句长,变成了“中式英语”。因为他们习惯于将每个音节都清清楚楚地说出来,发音响度,声调高低都一样,这样的英语就很不地道了。 3、 教学中英音、美音并用 英国英语(British English)和美国英语(American English)是英语的两种世界性变体。以往,我国的英语教学一直使用的是英国的代表性发音 RP(Received Pronunciation),但近年来,随着现代传播技术的发展、美国文化影响力的增强以及中美人际交流的日益频繁,以 GA(General American English)为代表性发音的美国英语在我国教学界广泛流传。于是,英语教学出现了英、美英语影响、并存的局面。 目前推广使用的PEP 教材课本录音带采用了美国发音,但是,有些教师教学时却操英国口音,教师与教材之间出现了发音不一致的矛盾,如 bathroom的美音是/?b?θ ?rum/,tomato 的美音是/t?meit?u/ 课上,学生跟教师朗读时学的是RP,跟磁带朗读时模仿的是GA。这样,由于同时接受了两种英语发音,他们的英语交流常常出现一些障碍,如听力练习时,容易出现辨音错误,同时,也容易养成英、美口音混杂的毛病,不利于掌握纯正的英语发音。这与《新课标》所规定的“打好语音语调基础”的要求是背道而驰的。 三、几个对策 以上所述是当前小学英语初学者语音教学方面存在的一些问题。重视语音教学,使学生形成良好的英语表达能力,需要一个过程,尤其针对小学英语初学者在没有音标的帮助下该如何掌握良好的语音呢? 1、 小学英语教师要不断提高自身的业务修养,不仅是教育教学方面的,也是语音方面的,至少要做到与教材录音带在发音方面保持一致。教师的发音是学生模仿的主要对象之一,对学生的英语语音学习起指导和示范作用。在英、美英语相互交融、美国英语盛行的今天,作为英语教师,学习并掌握美国英语乃大势所趋,面对新形势,要不断加强学习,更新自己的知识结构,找出英语和美语的主要差异,如词汇、读音、拼写等方面。 词语方面之不同简单举例如下(以PEP 教材为例) RP GA 学校中的班级 form grade,class 商店 shop store 厕所 lavatory toilet 糖果 sweets candy 油炸土豆条 chips French fries 长裤 trousers pants 而英国英语和美国英语的最大差别在于发音(侯维瑞,1992),RP 和GA 之间在音素、单词发音、重音和句子语调方面均存在明显差异。因此,同时向学生灌输两种英语发音势必会给他们的学习造成混乱与困惑。另外,在母语的环境里开始学习一门外语,很多学生本来就带有畏难情绪,再让他们同时学习两种英语发音,无疑会给他们增加不必要的负担,挫伤他们学习英语的积极性。读音方面简例如下 1)在pass,bath,ask,can?t,fast 这一类单词中,RP 念作/α /,而GA 则为/?/,成了/p?s/ /b?s/ /?sk/ /k?nt/ /f?st/。 2)字母o 在重读闭音节中,RP 念为/ /,GA 念为/α /或/ :/。 RP GA shop /∫ p/ /∫α p/ dog /d g/ /d g/ box /b ks/ /bα ks/ hot /h t/ /hα t/ 3)在GA 中,只要单词中有r 字母,就需发相应的/ r /音,但在RP 中/ r / 音只出现在元音前,如: RP GA work /w?:k/ /w?:rk/ car /kα :/ /kα r/ door /d : / /d r/ board /b :d/ /b rd/ morning /?m :ni / /?m rni / RP 只有far away, for ever 等连读情况下,字母r 才有/r/音: /fα : r?wei/ /f?rev?/ 4)字母组合wh 在一些常用词中,RP 一般念/ w /,GA 通常念/ hw /,如: RP GA which /wit∫ / /hwit∫ / why /wai/ /hwai/ RP 和GA 在单词重音(Word Stress)、元音的弱化和省略(The Weak Forms and Elision of Vowels)及节奏和速度(Rhythm and Rate)都有若干不同处,在此不再赘述。 2、 提高语音教学的意识,注重原声英文的熏陶 有一些教师轻视了对学生在发音、语调等方面的指导,这实际上就是忽视了英语语言的民族特色,没有抓住这一语言的实质,致使很多学生没有形成良好的发音习惯,张口就是“中式英语”,在对学生的辅导中,应施以潜移默化的影响,多加鼓励,并非一味纠错。小学英语教学中的语音教学很全面,包括单音、单词、句子、重音、停顿、连读、失去爆破、语调、节奏等。而小学英语教师要清楚地认识到小学英语教学的目的之一是培养学生的英语语感,培养对听、说的感性认识,这样需要小学英语教师在教学时既要练好单因,又要始终注重在英语语流中练习语音和语调。教师应进行一定的专门发音训练(如元音归类)。另一方面要善于利用录音机,在教学中人机配合,使学生多听标准录音。没有什么材料比英文歌曲、电影、话剧更能体现语言的地道性了,学唱英文歌曲是正音、训练连读的有效办法。在平时的课堂上或“英语角”活动中多举行英语课文朗读等,对激发学生纯正语音追求的兴趣,是非常有帮助的。 3、 创造良好的语音环境,强化口语练习 首先坚持用英语组织教学。上课、布置作业、下课,使用相应的课堂用语。久而久之,学生从听懂、到学讲、到会讲,一步步提高。 其次要充分利用现代化教学手段和合理的学习方法。教师可以运用电脑、VCD 等多媒体设备优化学习环境,改进学习方法,提高学生学习英语的兴趣。例如,制作和剪辑精彩的英语教学片,制作有声的动画课件,给学生播放英语 VCD 动画片、教学片或录像带等,学生也可以通过软件或互联网学习英语。这样,学生实际上接触的是真正的鲜活的生活英语,他们可以在生动的和真实的气氛中接受、吸收和习得这一语言。 最后为增加学习语音的动力,实行口试制度。内容有认读字母、单词,朗读句型,回答问题等。学生通过口试看到自己的进步,获得成就感,增强学习语音的信心,平时也会特别注意发音训练。比如: 英语口语课堂评价情况记载卡 表1 Class___________ Group___________ Name_____________ Unit ___ Lesson__ 跟读录音磁带 值日生报告 上 课发言 情 景表演 自 评等级 小 组评定 抽 查情况 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 表2 Unit 4 Date . . . … Contents Group name A: Let’s talk Let’s play A: Let’s learn Let’s practise A: Read and write. Story time. … ? Good ? OK ? OK … ? OK ? Good ? Great … ? Good ? Good ? Excellent … Try hard ? Great ? Good … 4、 对初学者的教学方法应以示范和模仿为主。 在有效的示范和指导的基础上进行模仿是习得语言最有力的手段,对语音教与学来说,尤其重要,离开了模仿几乎可以说不能掌握任何语言。新《课标》对小学英语初学者语音目标的描述是“了解简单的拼读规律;了解单词有重音;语音清楚,语调自然”。儿童学习发音,是靠模仿来形成反应的,这种最初的反应必须经过多次的重复才能巩固。因此,在新授后要重复练习,且练习的方式方法要多样化,避免枯燥乏味,运用绕口令、说唱、游戏练习就不错。 发现学生模仿练习时出现缺点,要及时指导、纠正。对学生错误的发音,不要重复、不要给予强化,以免引起错误的模仿。 模仿是第一性的,掌握规律是模仿的深化和简化。要求学生全方位模仿,是指模仿一篇对话中的发音、语速、语调、连读、爆破、略读、停顿等方面,坚持每篇对话都能做到流利朗读。 5、 结合单词、词组、句子、课文来进行语音教学 为了保证学生能够形成正确、规范、自然、流畅的英语,教师可采取多种教学方法搞好语流教学。如单音、单词、句子相结合;单词、句子、语篇相结合;特别是要将语流教学与课文教学相结合进行,让学生多听课文标准录音,对课文的语流语调要形成整体的深刻印象,如此坚持练习,学生才能突破朗读关,朗读时才能表情达意,这对语感的形成至关重要。 另外,诗歌、绕口令、歌谣、歌曲等,让学生练习,或让学生欣赏性地听,充分调动学生的兴趣和学习的积极性,在美的熏陶中获取英语语感。 要求教师不只为教语音而教语音,应把例词、例句作为重要的教学手段来使用。如在教连读和爆破时,要记住“goodbye”中的 /d /只是舌尖抬起作发/ d /的姿势;/tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ 它们前面的爆破音要失去爆破,如that chair, stop talking 等。 6、 抓好入学阶段的语音学习 俗话说:良好的开端是成功的一半,学生入学后,英语是一门新学科,老师要抓住学生的好奇心,把语音知识渗入教学过程中。因为英语的语音知识包括很多,并且贯穿于教学过程的始终,帮助他们归纳规则,防止学生用汉字式拼音给单词注音,造成发音不准确的不良习惯。 7、 注重朗读。 坚持朗读教学可以提高学生的语言节奏感,因为英语的轻、重读很明显,起伏很大,节奏感很强,如果对连读和失去爆破技巧加以注意,更可以提高讲话的节奏感。在朗读训练的各个阶段,要找出学生们的兴趣与朗读训练内容的结合点,以激发和保持他们的学习热情。在朗读训练初期,语音语调训练中可选用一些绕口令、浅显的儿童英语歌谣、教唱一些英语歌曲,以激发和保持学生的学习兴趣。而学生对朗读兴趣的保持,在于成就感。当学生可以利用单词的拼写规律识记单词时、当学生在朗读比赛中获得成绩时,他们会更爱朗读。 主要参考书目: 1、 林立 主编《英语新课程与学科素质培养——语言学习与语言教学》中国纺织出版社,2003 2、 左焕琪 编著《外语教育展望》华东师范大学出版社,2002 3、 王电建 赖红玲 编著《小学英语教学法》北京大学出版社,2002 4、 侯维瑞 《英国英语与美国英语》,上海外语教育出版社,1992 5、 “英语和美语”《

在一般情况下英语句子重读的规律:

1、在句子中比较重要的词都要重读,使这个词的发音响亮而清晰。在句子中需要重读的词有名词、动词、形容词和副词。

2、冠词、连接词、介词、助动词和人称代词等所谓的虚词,一般都不要重读,但当助动词、介词和代词放于句首时,助动词置于句尾时要重读。

3、在句子中每个重读音节间相隔的时间大致相等的,在重读音节之间的弱读音节要读得较快一些,好像是音乐中的打拍子一样。在学习句子的读法时,特别要体会一轻一重或一重一轻的节奏感。

句子重音的功能 :体现句子的节奏感和韵律感。 突出重点,使听者更容易理解。 例如:

1、The streets are wide and clean. (这句话中的streets是名词,wide和clean是形容词,它们都要重读;the, are, and不重读。)

2、I am so glad to see you again. (这句话中的so, glad, see, again要重读,而I, am, to, you不重读。)

有时候虚词也要重读,以下几点需注意:

1、强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时,应将其重读。例如:

We saw him playing by the river.(这句话中的we和him一般不重读,但为了表示强调也可以重读。比如,如果we重读,则强调是#我们#而不是别人看见。) 2、介词在句首时往往要重读。例如:

On my way to school, my bike was broken. (这句话中的on在句首应重读。) 3、be动词及助动词和not结合时要重读。

4、句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。例如:

-Are you a student? -Yes, I am. (这里的am要重读。)

扩展资料:

降调的特点:如果句子的第一个音节是重读音节的话,那么第一个音节最高,然后顺此向下降,最后一个重读音节用降调。如:`Mother has `gone to `town↘(降).。

如果是以非重读音节开始的话,那么开始的非重读音节很低,句子中的第一个重读音节最高,然后顺次向下降,最后一个重读音节用降调。如:I shall `call you to`morrow `morning↘(降)。

降调的用法: 陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句(表示命令)、 惊叹句。

升调的特点: 如果句子的第一个音节是重读音节的话,那么第一个音节最高,然后顺此向下降,最后一个重读或非重读音节用升调。如:`Have you been `staying here `long ↗(升)?

如果是以非重读音节开始的话,那么开始的非重读音节很低,句子中的第一个重读音节最高,然后顺次向下降,最后一个重读或非重读音节用升调。

如: Is he `coming to`morrow `morning ↗(升)?

升调的用法: 升调一般用于一般疑问句、祈使句(表示委婉、客气)、陈述句(含有感情色彩时,如不肯定、疑问、安慰、不耐烦等)。

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