英语论文格式模板2017
英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文,除了细心严谨之外,还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板,欢迎阅读!
英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。
英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距 cm,左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。
字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。
行距:单倍行距。
页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。
文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。
数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)
图表:
标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。
位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。
底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。
照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。
扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。
作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。
7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。
8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。
9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。
10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。
11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
文献注释
注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:
①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。
英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017
英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板,欢迎阅读!
一、目的和意义
英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
二、选题原则
毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发,结合学科发展的动态和研究现状,尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间,从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面,有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。
毕业论文属于研究性论文,讲求一定的学术性,但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文,因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内,在教师指导下完成所要求的工作,选题应遵循如下基本原则:
1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格,须体现专业训练的基本内容,须与所学的专业知识相衔接。
2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。
3、选题的类型应多种多样,力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能,有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。
4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求,内容既要有探索、钻研的余地,又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内,以保证教学任务的完成。
三、类型及基本要求
英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求:
1、语言及语言学研究类论文
就本科毕业论文而言,纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上,还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度,不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等),语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等),语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等),两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题,做出有参考或应用价值的结论。
2、文学评论类论文
此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象,尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上,通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行,如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的,也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法,都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想,要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场,进行具有一定新意的'探讨。
3、翻译研究类论文
此类论文可以是纯理论的研究,或具体翻译技巧的研究,或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究,也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究,另加对作品本身的评述,对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。
4、语言教学研究类论文
此类研究属交叉学科的研究,涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等,是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究),教学方法与技巧研究,课堂教学管理策略研究,学生个体差异研究,影响教学效果的外部条件研究,教育技术的使用与开发研究,教材的分析与评估研究,测试与评估研究,素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题,还是方法,或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值,突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。
5、经贸方向研究类论文
此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究,可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程,运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题,作出有参考或应用价值的结论。
四、任务及深度要求
毕业论文的主要内容包括:选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等,其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关,工作量饱满,满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写,具有一定的创新性和应用性,正文篇幅在5,000词以上,参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面,并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。
五、考核办法
毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成:
1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现,论文观点的新颖性,论文结构的合理性,论文论证的逻辑性,英语表达的正确性和地道性,以及学生的工作态度,指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性,论文论据的充分性,论文的创见与突破性,论文的结构、文字表达情况,评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。
3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍,毕业论文的质量,答辩中回答问题的正确程度,英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性,答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
六、毕业论文时间分配
序号 内 容 时间(周)
1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4
2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5
3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2
4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2
5 毕业论文答辩 1
合 计 14
七、其它说明
外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”,即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格,学生无权获得学士学位。
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
common historical background……………………………………1
international………………………………………………………1
national…………………………………………………………1
common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
beats in literature………………………………………………2
rockers in music circles………………………………………3
ideologies in between……………………………………………4
beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
their same destiny……………………………………………4
beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
bohemian…………………………………………………………7
beats…………………………………………………………7
rockers………………………………………………………7
madness…………………………………………………………8
the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
drugs…………………………………………………………9
homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等 教育 体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于 毕业 英语论文 范文 大全的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》 读后感 [摘要]:《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题,诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来,宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微,水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物,他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物,也就除掉了对这个世界的感情,最后水手内心发生转变,以新的态度对待自然,为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]:老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父,被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学,熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学,与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命,但又都害怕革命暴力,于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区,致力于写诗,并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系,于是远离城市,隐居于昆布兰湖区,寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇,以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年,两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国 留学 ,被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区,与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾,故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加,1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物,令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真,并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设,不仅影响过他的同时代人,也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈,而且,对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者,仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位,是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。 二、《苦舟子咏》简介 《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事:一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开,赶快去赴宴,却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住,不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风,暴风过后,这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此,厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中,那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动,老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去,仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船,水手们一个个都死在甲板上,每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人,只有他没有死。后来,他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦,使死尸们站了起来,仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风,船却渐渐地移动。于是,这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸,出来迎接。但在他到这船之前,它却突然地沉下了,留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来,他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦,便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着,一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来,方才觉得舒服。 三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的 口号 是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张,又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用,而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步,因为它否定了人身依附关系,肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权,肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话,肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以,它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展,对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在,万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为:上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。 在这两种思想的支配下,作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁,表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物,他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物,也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意,违反自然规律,射死了无辜的信天翁,必然要受到惩罚。于是,灾难来了:风停了,船无法前进,阳光酷热,水手们口干舌燥。这时候,有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆,将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时,老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是,他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为,在道德情感系统中,羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后,就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为,道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说:“凡出自不公正的情感所作的,就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好,并且情感的内容有益于社会,而且还是以有益于社会方式施行,或有所感动,这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现,表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制,常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中,痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的,是低级形式的羞耻感,可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么,羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚,只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物,它激活潜在的思维和力量,专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为,促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏,那他将对道德不屑一顾,达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时,羞耻感要以自尊为前提,一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的,更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近,没有自尊的防卫,就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻,惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误,于是惶惶终日,不断自责自己。 事态进一步发展,在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了,但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去,只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重,导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中,一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析,是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情,感情是对需要的体验,是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素,推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素,推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后,良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为,它便于进行自我谴责,使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责,往往能形成一种力量,促使人们改正自己的行为。 后来,老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法,他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤,孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔,从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸,并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析,是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下,从而进行的对自己内心的深刻 反思 。通过反思,要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案,明白来者可追,逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中,要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思,主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。 故事的最后,老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕:他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人,让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众,承认自己的错误,说出自己的故事,解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔,但还是有种负罪感难以释怀,于是他渴望被人理解,宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样,当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候,不要封闭自己,找一个忠实的听众,把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好 方法 。 总之,柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称,其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶,生与死等哲学问题,宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上,而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面:时而风平浪静,沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起,一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时,柯尔律治并不熟悉大海,但他能凭借想象,使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织,把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体,充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上,长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉,炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体,而长诗的音韵与节奏之美,也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]: 《英美文学选读》 天津大学出版社出版 《英国文学简史》 河南人民出版社出版 《道德心理学》 中南大学出版社出版 毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的 文化 对比分析与翻译 一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段,为适应社会生产活动的需要,在符号的帮 助下产生的。"(苏金智,19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科 学的数字世界里,它的功能是计算,秩序严谨,职司分明,是 实数;而在人类 心灵的数字世界中,它的功能是表义,许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦,1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响,数 字的神化存在着东西方的差异 ,但也存在着共性,有着共同的规律。在"数的 灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天 数",而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚 化"的过程。( 王秉钦,1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文, 如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数 科学语言》(商务印书馆,1998),英国人伦拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作 和论文,并开展过学术探 讨。如,王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围 比较 与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页, 语文出版社,1991,1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语 比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上,英汉文化对比专 业委员会会 员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模 式》展开了激烈的 讨论。本人认为东方人,尤其是中国人,自己心目中的天数 是"九"而不是"三",也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。 二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析 在我国,人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色 彩的数字, 是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning),在我国可 以说历时最久,涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一 般数字,在中国古代被 认为是一种神秘的数字,它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字,继而演化出"神 圣" 之意,于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋,便竭 力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天 分九层,极言其高,天证/诞日为正月初 九,天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例 如,北京 城有九门,天安门城楼面阔九问,门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。 汉语词汇中也常 用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓,如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。 根据阴阳五行与数的关系,万物之根均为数,宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10,五行也是数,按传统的五行 理论来划分,则1、2为木:1为阳木,2为阴 木。以3、4为火:3为阳火,4为阴火。以5、6为土:5为阳土,6为 阴土。 以7、8为金:7为阳金,8为阴金。以9、10为水:9 为阳水,10为阴水。这 就是将"象"、"数"与五行 结合起来推演变化,用以显示事物发展变化的内 在联系。由此看来,"九"是最大的阳数,象征着天。 传说 古 代中国人把天分 为九层,九层天是天的最高处,汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空, "九霄云外" ,"九天揽月","九天九地"等。另外,天坛,这个明清两代 祭天的场所,其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象 征意义。 民间传说中还有"九头 鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。 中国人以"九"为大数,刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道:"凡数 指其极者,皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说:"天地之数,始于一,终于 九。"因此,汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因 从"九"为数之 极而引出人生之限,故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎",避讳有“九”之 岁。例如:“ 老太太因明年八十一岁,是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般 认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征,因 为"九"与"苦"同音,因此忌讳 "九"。然而,《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点 ,采 用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计,结果发现 将"九"作为姓的只占极 少数(约占),而将"九"作为名的却不少(约 占35%)。看来,日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。 此外,《词源》中说:"九:虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时,是数的一种 语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词 典》中,"九"的意思有三个:(1)数目,八加一 后所得;(2)从 冬至 起每九天是一个"九",从一"九" 数起,二"九"、三 "九",一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九,夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次: 九泉,三 弯九转等。因此, 汉语中有不少和"九"有关的 成语 。如:"九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。 在我国,数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十 分丰富。如,"九州"是指传 说中的我国上古行政区划,后用作"中国"的代 称。因此,有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns),古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子,各有所好"。因此,《红楼梦》第九回 中用"一龙生九种,种种各 别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多,龙蛇混杂,好坏不一,各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外,在文娱、体育等词汇中,数字"九"也比比皆是。如, 许多歌名都以"九"开头:"九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中,"九柱戏"(nine pins),兵器中 有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。 地名中也有一些以"九"开头的,如"九 寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外,中国人常把" 九"看成 为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时,人们宁愿多出 钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比 如,湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。 在西方,数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说, "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。 英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多,分别有: 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。 其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有: a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律:数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运 用于文娱和体育活动中。如, 保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球 球场有一十八个洞:跳子棋的棋板上各 方均为九个孔; 古 时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来,数字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睐。 总之,在东西方文化中,数字"九"含有以下主要共性: 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字, 其象征意义均有"神 圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中,数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。 数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于:对中国人来说,其神奇色 彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意 义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。 三、数字"九"的翻译问题 罗马西塞罗说过:"翻译不是字当句对,而是保留语言的总风格和力 量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、 虚化了的"虚数","实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论,结合 东西方文 化的共性与个性,可采用如下的翻译方法,并遵循以下的翻译原则。 可采取的翻译方法主要有: (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了,它并没死,只失掉九条命中的一条。 这样翻译过来,人们很容易接受,因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语, 并能够促进东西方文化的融合 。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现", 这样翻译可以加深对奈 达的"对等"和纽马克的"转 换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字 比如,"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ,"九九归一,还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均 舍弃了数字,转译其 形象意义。 应遵循的原则主要有: (一)民族性原则 比如,汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力",《汉英词典》(外研社,1996)的译 文有三个:"strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”,成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转 化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则 比如:"匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子,月下嫦娥,那魂灵都飘到九霄云外 去了。"(《儒林外史》), 其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译 文因遵循了"习语性原则", 充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则 数字用于模糊意义时,一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时, 必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其 与 其它 的词结合后所产生的形象意义。 比如:"飞流直下三千尽,疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 ",因此,可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢: 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文
英语文学是英语专业学生的一门重要的课程,对于英语学生的自身能力的提升具有十分重要的意义。下面是我为大家整理的英语文学方向毕业论文,供大家参考。
摘要:教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养,同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养,不断提升自身的英语文学素养,促进自身的全面发展。
关键词:英语文学;大学生
一、大学生英语文学素养培养的现状
大学生的英语文学素养的培养非常重要,然而在大学的英语教学中教师对于学生文学素养的重视不够,并且学生自身没有较强的意识注重文学素养的培养。大学的英语教学,尤其是非英语专业的英语教学,主要是大学英语课程的教学,在教学中对于学生的文学素养培养没有足够的重视。第一,大学英语的教学主要以学生语言技巧为主,以英语词汇、知识点、语法等为主要讲授内容,教师很少讲授到英美文学的知识,也较少布置有关文学阅读的任务,对于大学生的英语文学素养培养非常不利。第二,英语四级、六级考试,作为国家级考试对于学生的学习要求也主要为英语语言自身的应用,但是对于英语文学方面没有很多的要求,影响着全国大学生的英语学习。从学生角度来说,大学生尤其是非英语专业的学生对于英语兴趣不高,很少学生去阅读英语文学的相关资料,或者有兴趣但是英语能力不足,慢慢失去了对于英语文学的喜爱
二、大学生英语文学素养培养的策略
针对大学生英语文学素养的现状,我们必须注重大学生英语文学素养的培养,从多方面提高大学生的英语文学素养,促进大学生的全面发展。
第一,英语课堂上教师注意培养学生对于英语文学的兴趣。大学的英语课,多是大学英语的课程,很多非英语专业学生英语基础较差,对英语不感兴趣,对于英语文学的兴趣就更小。为了提高大学生的英语文学素养,在英语课堂上教师可以注意学生文学的兴趣培养。在讲授教学内容时,继续增强学生对英语语言的喜爱,恰当地为学生介绍文学作品,联系更多的文学信息,将教学内容与英美的文学知识结合在一起,引起学生对英语文学的兴趣。
第二,教学内容多介绍英语文学的相关知识,带领学生学会文学赏析、评论等。大学英语教学的主要内容都是大学英语课程的内容,教师讲授教学内容时比较偏重与英语语言的应用,对于文学作品的分析、文学作品的赏析进行地很少。为了培养学生的英语文学素养,教师可以讲课时注意突出与教学内容相关的文学知识,在为学生讲解知识点的同时带领学生去学习如何赏析文学作品,对于文学作品进行分析评论,为学生推荐适合的文学作品,让学生从文学作品中获得更多的知识,也获得更多的关于世界、人生的思考。
第三,课上教师采取灵活多样的教学方法来进行英语文学的熏陶。在英语教学过程中,教师采取丰富多彩的教学方式和手段来引导学生对英语文学的兴趣,提升学生对文学的敏感度,促进学生的文学积累。一方面,教师可以将文学学习与电影结合起来。很多的文学作品,尤其是经典的文学作品都被后人拍成电影或者电视,而电影、电视是学生容易接受的方式,而且对于学生来说更具吸引力,在电影中学生对于文学作品有所了解,对于英语语言的应用也更清晰。另一方面,教师应该充分利用网络资源,引导学生接触更多的英语文学知识和作品。在当今时代,接触文学不仅靠书籍,还可以更好地利用网络资源。在信息飞速的时代,教师可以积极引导学生利用网络进行文学阅读和文学思考。
第四,布置课下文学的延伸任务,定期检验学生的完成情况。在英语教学过程中,教师要布置恰当的文学阅读任务和文学赏析作业。根据教学内容,向学生推荐英语文学作品,要求学生完成文学作品的相关任务,鼓励学生在进行文学阅读和赏析的任务过程中,进行思考分析,获得更多的知识和思考。对于布置的文学任务,可以定期进行检查,通过写阅读反思、影评等来检验学生对于文学作业的完成情况。
第五,学生自身要转变观念,变被动培养为主动提高。大学生为了就业,更多的人都选择学习实用性强的课程,对于短期内实用效果较小的文学学习却很忽略。要提高大学生的英语文学素养,学生首先要从思想上转变以前的观念,意识到文学学习和提高文学素养对于自身发展的重要性,重视自身英语文学素养的培养。其次在课堂上和课下主动进行文学作品的阅读和学习,配合教师的文学学习的教学,积极完成教师布置的文学相关作业将文学素养的培养当成一项长期的活动。教师在教学中从多方面注重学生英语文学素养的培养,同时大学生也要积极进行英语文学素养的培养,不断提升自身的英语文学素养,促进自身的全面发展。
参考文献
1、基于思维过程的高中英语文学阅读思维型课堂教学架构兰春寿课程.教材.教法2015-12-01期刊1
2、 英语专业体裁文本依托文学课程体系改革效果分析景婧外语界2015-08-25期刊
摘要:总之,动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程,也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。
关键词:英语文学;研究生
一、汉语的“动态”与英语的“静态”
动词是表示人或事物动作、行为、发展、变化的词,是最复杂、最活跃的一种词类。英、汉两种语言对动词的概括意义是一样的,但动词的数量及使用频率与方式却并不一样。从总体修辞效果来看,英语呈“静态”,汉语呈“动态”,亦即,英语有一种少用(谓语)动词而用其他手段;而汉语则有一种多用动词的固有习惯。英语每个句子中只能使用一个限定式动词(并列谓语除外);而汉语中却存在着“连动式”和“兼语式”,如“他到了火车站发现火车已经开走了”,及紧缩句,如“我们下雨也去”。英语的限定动词只能做谓语,而汉语中的动词(包括动宾词组、主谓词组等)不仅做谓语,也可做主语,如“理论联系实际是我们党的优良传统”,宾语,如“鲁迅主张打落水狗”,定语,如“讨论的问题很重要”,状语,如“一定要批判地继承我国的文学艺术遗产”和补语,如“小溪旁那些女人们听得笑起来了”。汉语是一种离不开动词的语言,除了部分句子(即名词谓语句如“今天星期六”和形容词谓语句如“他这几天心情很好”)以外,大量的句子都不止使用一个动词,有的句子几乎全句都是动词,如“打得赢就打,打不赢就走,不怕没办法”。汉语的动词还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词,如“走走”、“商量商量”、“看一看”、“打打闹闹”,而英语的动词却不能。另外汉语中为数不多的介词,也大都是从古代汉语动词演变而来的,有些还具备动词的一般特点,称为“半动词”,“副动词”,“汉语中的绝大多数的‘介词’,应该划归动词的范畴,只是入句时,表现了相当于英语介词的作用”,如“他在家”中的“在”为动词,而“他在家看书”中的“在”则为介词。
二、“动态”与“静态”的思维根源
汉语“动态”与英语“静态”之差异,其深层原因在于汉、英民族思维方式的差异:即汉民族重形象思维、重悟性,而西方人重抽象思维、重理性。汉文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”,汉民族习惯于“观物取像”,即取万物之象,加工成为象征意义的符号来反映、认识客观事物的规律,形成了偏重形象,即偏重具体的思维方式;西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”,注重逻辑与形式论证,形成了以概念、判断和推理为思维形式,偏重抽象的思维方式。这种思维形式的不同在语言上表现为:英语语言常常使用大量的涵义概括、指称笼统的抽象名词来表达复杂的理性概念,因而显得“虚”和“静”;而汉语则习惯于形象语言,用形象的方法来表达抽象的事物,动词的形象性即满足了中文的需求,由于大量地使用动词,汉语言因而显得“实”和“动”。另外,汉民族相比于西方人更倾向于注重悟性,汉语由意念贯通,行文造句不需要严格的语法规则来规范,词的用法也非常灵活,动词的使用即非常灵活。汉语的动词由于没有形态变化的约束,使用起来十分自由、灵活,可以充当句子的各种成分,也可以连用形成连动式和兼语式,还可以重叠和组合构成新的动词,动词的大量使用使汉语的表达呈现“动态”的倾向。与之相反,西方人更注重理性,注重形式论证,在语言上表现为形态的外漏和形式上的完整,因此行文造句需要严格的语法规则来规范。英语句子有严谨的主谓结构,一个句子结构通常只使用一个谓语动词,大量本应该用动词表达的概念,只能用非谓语动词来表达,或借助于动词以外的词类,主要是由动词派生而来的名词,有时还要借助于介词、副词及由动词转化而来的形容词,这样便产生了动词的虚化和弱化,使得英语的表达呈现“静态”的倾向。
三、汉译英中动词的处理
鉴于学生动态英译文的问题,从“动态”与“静态”这一修辞差异入手来探讨汉译英中汉语动词(不包括判断动词和能愿动词)的处理,应是汉译英教学中的非常重要的一讲。
(一)单动词汉语句子中动词的处理
“英语的静态修辞的实质是名词优势和介词优势,而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结”。英语倾向于用名词(词组)来表达汉语用动词所表达的概念,即动作、行为、状态等,尤其在科技、法律、政治等正式文体中更是如此。这不仅使英语句子简洁紧凑,也避免了将人牵涉进来,从而使语句意义更加含蓄、间接,符合英民族表达习惯,因而句子优美。因此,在有些情况下,汉语动词并不是译成英语动词,而是要遵循英语的这一修辞特点,进行必要的词性转换,即动词向名词和介词的转化(如a和b),有时也转化成副词和形容词(如c和d)等,使译文符合英语的句法规律,因而更加地道、更显文采。a.他很贪嘴。.这不符合我们党的政策.ThisisnotinkeepingwithourParty’.桌布铺上了吗?Istheclothon?d.他怀疑我的动机。Heissuspiciousofmyintentions.
(二)多动词汉语句子中动词的处理
汉语注重“动态”描写,一个句子中往往会涌现大量的动词,但并不会引起句子的臃肿和混乱.汉语的动词可以作句子的不同成分;一个句子中可以连用两个或更多的动词作谓语,有时一个句子中会集结异常大量的动词,按照各动作实际上的时间顺序或逻辑上的因果次序,将事件一一如实说出,甚至尽量省略关系词以达到动词集中、动词突出的效果。因此在将汉语句中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补的动词译成英语时,有的可以省译,有的要进行词性转换或译成非限定动词;在将汉语的连动式结构译成英文时,首先要确定一个主要动词,作为谓语动词,与主语形成SV主干,构成全句中心,其他动词有的可以省译,有的作为次要动词进行词性转换或译成非限定动词、独立主格结构,打破汉语的时间或事理顺序,运用英语所富有的各种关系词或关系手段,适当地将它们嫁接到句子的中心主干上,形成空间立体布局,使句子语义层次分明。当然,在将连动式结构译成英文时,若有两个或以上动词都该是英译文中的谓语动词,则应将其译成并列谓语。但译文谓语动词如果铺排过多,就会显得很累赘,语义层次很不分明,带有浓厚的汉语色彩,这时,应首先采取断句处理。
总之,动词汉译英的过程就是由“动态”向“静态”转化、由展开型句法结构向浓缩型句法结构转化的过程,也体现了由汉民族思维方式向英民族思维方式转化的过程。这个过程完成得好,译文就符合英语语言的规范,这个过程完成得不好,译文就会汉化,妨碍了原文内容的确切表达。我们的学生动辄用动词写英语句子,而且多是小短句或简单的复合句,带有浓厚的汉语气息,主要是受汉语“动态”修辞的影响。因此在汉译英教学中,我们一定要引导学生用英语的“静态”修辞进行思维,克服汉语“动态”修辞的影响,为汉译英实践打下良好的基础。
参考文献
1、加拿大英语文学在中国的译介(1949—2009)——兼论社会文化对文学翻译的制约朱振武; 綦亮上海大学学报(社会科学版)
随着全球经济一体化趋势日益加快,国际商务活动日益频繁。这些商务活动的许多领域,如技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资等,所使用的英语统称为 商务英语 。下面是我带来的关于商务英语 毕业 论文摘要的内容,欢迎阅读参考!商务英语毕业论文摘要(一) 商务英语特点浅析 [摘 要]商务英语是外贸人员同世界各地开展进出口贸易时用于洽谈交易、联系业务的一种应用语言。由于英汉两种截然不同语言的差异及其特定的社会功能和题材内容决定了商务英语自身与众不同的写作特点。本文拟从跨 文化 交际学的角度对商务英语的特点作一番探析,从而事倍功半地达到成功交际的目的。 [关键词]商务英语 跨文化交际 合作原则 礼貌原则 关联原则 商务英语毕业论文摘要(二) 商务英语翻译浅析 [摘要]商务英语翻译在国际贸易中起着越来越重要的作用。本文从商务英语的内涵、特点、翻译策略等方面,对商务英语的翻译进行了浅要的分析。 [关键词]商务英语翻译策略 商务英语毕业论文摘要(三) 浅谈英语商务 谈判技巧 [摘要] 随着经济全球化的发展。中国的国际贸易也越来越发达。要想和外国人做好每一笔生意,你必须了解世界各国的文化。国际贸易中跨国的商务谈判在所难免,所以你也必须懂得把全界各国商人的谈判风格研究从文化的角度来探讨国际商务谈判,分析国际商务谈判过程、世界各国商人的谈判风格,增强中国商人在国际贸易中的竞争力。 [关键词] 语言技巧谈判风格谈判技巧 以下是我带来的关于商务英语的论文,希望能帮到您! 浅谈商务英语教学 摘 要:随着中国在世界经济中的日益活跃,大学中的商务英语需求也随之增多,这是因为商务英语专业培养的是有着扎实的英语基础同时具备外贸专业知识的复合型人才;同时,教师如何讲好这门课也日益受到关注。所以,本文就以商务英语教学为话题进行浅谈,企在与同行有所交流并最终相互促进与提高,使学生和教师双赢。 关键词:大学;商务英语;教学 随着中国在国际经济活动中的日益活跃以及自身发展的迫切需要,商务英语专业也日益成为了大学热门专业之一。商务英语专业培养的是有着扎实的英语基础同时又具备外贸专业知识的复合型人才,因此,对于商务英语的教学既要考虑到英语知识的授予,又要注重英语能力的提高。如同一般英语一样,阅读也是商务英语语言运用中的一项重要活动,通过阅读既可以让学生掌握相关阅读技巧,从而提高阅读速度和语言能力;同时又可以培养学生接触商务知识和熟悉商务运作流程的实用能力。所以,本文就以商务英语中教学方面进行浅谈,企在与同行有所交流和相互促进与提高。 一般来说,商务英语教学应该涵盖语言学习和商务知识两方面内容,是集语言理论、商务理论及商务实践于一体的综合性教学。所以,教师的教学要结合所用教材,灵活运用 教学 方法 ,并且在教学活动中要注意活跃课堂气氛,让学生在轻松愉悦的氛围里进行知识的学习,最重要的是提高学生实际应用语言并进行交流的能力。对于该课程的教学,笔者根据多年的相关教学 经验 , 总结 出了如下的教学建议: 第一,基本词汇是商务英语的基础,以此为基础,扩充词汇的学习,这是进行相关商务 英语阅读 的基础。可以通过将生词与已知词汇进行相关联系来实现对生词的记忆和掌握,当然,将生词放在阅读 文章 中进行学习也是一个很好的方法,或者将二者联系起来回更好。下面举例说明。 confirm一词在普通英语中作动词时的意思是“确认,证实”,如: ● His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. (他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。) 而在商务英语中,confirm应该译为“保兑信用证”,即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。如下句: ● Payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。(付款方式为100% 即期,保兑,不可撤消信用证。) 那么,教师再阅读短文中就可以先将需要讲解的词汇标出,让学生说出在一般英语中的其意义;然后,在进行商务英语中所表示出的意义的讲解;最后,让学生思考并练习这些“商务意义”,注意一定要在句中,然后是整篇文章中进行理解和熟悉。 第二,具备一定商务英语词汇后就要以篇章为单位来进行训练,目的是进一步巩固所学新意(商务英语中该词汇的意义)。此阶段,最好选取一些有实用价值的英语阅读材料,在真实的商务场景中进行语言知识和商务知识的双方面习得。如:阅读文章中摘出的两句话: ● You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis. ● If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance. The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft. The bank is said to discount the draft. 通过加深巩固练习,学生可以跟深刻地理解discount一词。 下一步,以对话或是篇章进行知识的延伸。如下面关于产品介绍的对话: ● A: These are our new models. B: What are their strong points? A: There's a lot to be said for them. In the first place, they are more durable than any similar ones on the market. B: Why does it take longer to wear out than the others? A: The yarn is carefully selected for quality and woven very tightly in this fabric. B: Can you leave these samples with us? A: How long do you want to keep them? B: About three days. ● A: That's all right 此时,引导学生进行整体把握,即:“为什么在这种语境会这么说?”为下一步中西方差异做铺垫。并且可以考虑在这个阶段的学习后增加一些课堂对话练习的活动,激发学生使用的欲望,增添真实的语境。 第三,在商务英语的教学中一定要注重商务礼节的介绍,并且还要特别之处中西方商务礼节或习惯方面的差异,以免在今后的实际运用中造成跨文化差异而带来的不必要的困扰。如:在中国,对于对方的赞美或是夸奖,为了表现出礼貌,通常受赞美或是夸奖的一方一定会说“哪里哪里”等拒绝性的答复;但是,西方人一般会去高兴地接受,往往是Thank you. / Thank you very much. 等,因为他们认为拒绝是极为不礼貌的。又如,在商务谈判时,中国人喜欢委婉而谦和地表达自己的观点;而西方人一般会开门见山,直奔主题。因此,在平时的教学中必须指出诸如此类的文化差异,一方面解答而来学生对于一些商务英语文章背景的不理解问题,另一方面也提高了学生的学习兴趣和求知的欲望,充满了好奇感和探究感。 总之,在课堂教学中一定要同时兼顾英语的基础知识而后专业知识的储备,以及英语技能和相关商务知识的积累这两方面的内容。但是,这些不是孤立的,而是相互关联和相互渗透的,可以说,一环扣一环,环环相关,某一个方面出现问题,就会影响 其它 方面的学习和提高。因此,我们在日常的教学中应该多角度、多方面进行指导,同时,也要求我们教师也要多学习、多更新自己的知识,这样才能满足学生的需求和自身的提高。 参考文献 [1] 蔡芸。培养复合型人才的有效方式--商务英语专业课程评价[J]。外语与外语教学,2001(4)。 [2] 陈建平。案例教学法与商务英语教学[J]。宁波大学学报( 教育 科学版), 2004(5)。 [3] 刘江凤。论本科院校商务英语专业学生职业技能的培养[J]。考试周刊,2011(5)。 [4] 莫再树,张小勇,张云。基于语言经济学的商务英语教育研究[A].。湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2006(4)。 [5] 叶兴国。新形势下的商务英语教学与研究[C]。上海:上海外语教育出版社。2008年10月。 猜你喜欢: 1. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 2. 商务英语毕业论文范本 3. 关于商务英语毕业论文范文 4. 商务英语专业论文范文 5. 商务英语相关毕业论文范文
English Honor Society, traveled to Kansas City on March 16 to attend the annual Sigma Tau Delta (STD) conference. Roughly 500 students and 100 faculty members attended, representing dozens of schools. Six students from the College went on the trip - senior English majors Tierney Dwyer, Christina Maffa and Matthew Miller and junior English majors Jessica DeLisi, Jessica Gill and Courtney Rydel. The students were accompanied by Diane Steinberg, assistant professor of English and one of the group's three chapter six students who attended the conference submitted essays to the National English Honor Society prior to the trip and all were selected to read their essays at the competition. The essays ranged from critical essays on literature to fiction, poetry and non-fiction. A faculty team organized by the national organization was responsible for selecting essays for the , Maffa and Miller submitted critical essays on James Joyce, Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice" and "King Lear," respectively. DeLisi submitted a linguistics essay on synonyms, Rydel wrote on Jane Austen's "Emma" and Gill wrote a fictional story from a hamster's point of was quite a feat for all of the College's students' works to be accepted. 1"Many other chapters had attendees who were only there to listen since their works had not made the cut," Steinberg addition to having everyone's essays chosen, the College's chapter of STD was asked to prepare a display for the "Outstanding Chapters" room at the conference. The College's chapter was one of 10 schools asked to do this. Steinberg speculated that this was because they have a very large chapter, journalists from STD had sent in articles reporting on their activities and they have won two out of the three national awards for which they had applied. Another positive outcome of the conference was Gill's election to the governing board. Gill, co-vice president of STD, attended a leadership workshop while at the conference. After mentioning that the College's chapter had 120 members, she was approached by the President of STD, who encouraged her to run for a position on the governing board. Once she spoke with other members of the board, Gill, along with DeLisi, both ran for giving a short speech in front of a large crowd of people, each college voted and Gill was elected associate student representative from the Eastern Region, which is comprised of 161 chapters. With her new position comes new responsibilities. "I have a say in what happens in next year's conference in Portland, Oregon and I help put together a newsletter from the schools in the Eastern Region," Gill add to the already long list of accomplishments of the group, Rydel was also a runner-up in the "Best Critical Essay" category at the conference. Rydel's essay was based on Jane Austen's "Emma," but focused on a minor character, Harriet Smith. The essay was entitled, "'More conversable than I expected': Harriet Smith's Miss-education." "I was surprised and thrilled to be chosen as one of the top five essays at the convention," Rydel STD members did have to pay for some of the trip, it was funded primarily by Susan Albertine, dean of the School of Culture and Society. The students were very appreciative, since the trip would not have been possible without help from Albertine."It's an honor to have our students present their work in such venues, and we are proud to assist as much as we can," Albertine group returned from the conference with a newfound confidence in their work (along with plenty of "Wizard of Oz" memorabilia), and both the students and their advisor were pleased with the outcome. "This conference showed them that they could hold their own with everyone there, and that they were stronger than most," Steinberg said."Having the quality of writing and scholarship that goes on in the College's English department recognized at a national convention was very exciting for all of us," Rydel said.
英语专业本科毕业论文模板
姓 名: 吕 仁 爱
系 别: 外语学院
专 业: 英 语
学 号: 00000000
指导教师: 赵 草 稿
20xx年5月
Thesis Writing Standard for English Major Undergraduates:With a Thesis Pattern
by
Lü Ren’ai
Shangqiu Normal University
May 20xx
摘 要
{摘要是论文的浓缩,应包括结论等内容,是完整的短文,具有独立性,可以单独使用。即使不看论文全文的内容,看摘要仍然可以理解论文的主要内容。切忌把导论(introduction)的内容作为摘要内容。在下段键入中文摘要内容,并用论文的关键词替换“关键词”后的词(删除多余的词)。如果需要输入顿号(、)、间隔号(·)、书名号(《》)、破折号(——)等标点符号,不会键入请从这里复制。中文摘要要求在200~300字。}
关键词:词1;词2;词3;词4;词5
Abstract
{英文摘要及关键词内容与中文内容完全一致。注意看懂附录部分标点符号部分的内容,不要用不规范的形式输入标点符号,更不要输入错误符号。在下段键入英文摘要内容并用论文的关键词替换“Key words”后的词(删除多余的词)。}
Key words: word 1; word 2; word 3; word 4; word 5
Contents
摘 要 I
Abstract II
Contents III
1 简介 1
2 电子版与纸质版 1
3 模板的使用 1
键入文本 2
应用格式 2
4 论文结构与写作要求 2
封面与题目 3
封面 3
题目 3
从摘要到目录 3
正文 3
总体要求 3
标题和层次 3
例句及其他列表项 4
脚注 4
引用标识与参考文献 4
附录(可选) 6
页眉 6
5 其他要求及注意事项 6
References 7
附录 标点符号的计算机输入 7
简介
{本科毕业论文是本科生毕业前的最后一个重要学习环节,是学习深化的重要过程。它既是学生学习、研究与实践成果的全面总结,又是对学生素质与能力的一次全面检验,也是申请学士学位的依据。论文写作是在前人研究的基础上提出自己的观点,严禁抄袭、剽窃。外语学院参照商丘师范学院本科毕业论文撰写规范,结合英语专业的实际情况,特制定本撰写规范兼论文模板,作为英语专业毕业论文写作的标准。本规范未尽事宜,在导师指导下自行处理。务必在仔细、完整地阅读本规范之后再开始写作论文。
考虑到软件可能存在问题,本规范的DOC版在显示时可能走样,附件1是本规范的PDF版本,其样式是标准样式。}
电子版与纸质版
{论文须提交初稿、二稿及终稿的电子版和纸质版。用Microsoft Word软件打开本规范的DOC版,以新文件名另存到自己存放毕业论文资料的文件夹,要求文件格式为DOC格式(Microsoft Word 1997~2003/XP版本的默认保存格式);2007及以后的版本的默认保存格式是DOCX,建议尽量使用较老版本的Microsoft Word,若使用新版,请确保保存格式为DOC。另存后,直接按照本规范的要求操作直到初稿完成;每一稿都先作另存的操作再开始修改。注意在整个论文写作期间都做好U盘与网络双备份工作。
纸质文件采用A4复印纸单面打印,左侧装订。提交的纸质论文必须与提交的电子版内容完全一样。如果在写论文时安装、使用了非系统自带字体(如国际音标字体),请随电子版提交该字体文件。}
模板的使用
{本规范的DOC格式电子文件是毕业论文的写作模板,提供论文写作所需样式,便于写作和修改,并对格式进行统一要求。下面对模板的使用作一简要说明。}
键入文本
{用花括号扩起来的内容是模板说明性内容,在初稿写作完毕后删除。把插字符打到正文任何一个段落(包括标题)末尾,按回车,即可键入论文内容。请仔细阅读附录,以便正确输入标点符号。}
应用格式
{本模板规定的格式有:[ 注意例子中的换行符(向下的直箭头)。想使编号段落的上下两行左对齐,需要换行而不分段,单击“插入”“分隔符”,选“换行符”,然后单击“确定”。]
a. 1标题1:用于一级标题;b. 标题2:用于二级标题:c. 标题3:用于三级标题:d. 正文不缩:用于一般正文段落;e. 正文左缩:用于独立成段的引文;f. 正文编号:用于按规定必须编号的段落;g. (1) 编号:用于按规定必须编号的段落;h. 参考文献:用于参考文献条目。
其中除了 (1f) 和 (1g) 要求必须用格式刷复制、粘贴格式(详见第部分的说明),其他格式都必须从格式窗格中选。默认格式是“正文不缩”(本段使用的就是这种格式)。根据不同部分内容要求的要求按照下述方法应用格式,不能擅自更改或更换(可根据实际情况作字体倾斜等操作):把插字符打到某段,单击菜单栏里的“格式”,选“样式和格式”,在右边出现的格式窗格中单击所需格式即可。出现在格式窗格中但 (1) 中没列的格式不能随便应用。}
论文结构与写作要求
{论文必须包括外封面(中文封面)、内封面(英文封面)、中文摘要(附中文关键词)、英文摘要(附英文关键词)、目录、正文、参考文献。在参考文献之后可有附录。}
封面与题目
封面
{封面包括两个:外封面(中文封面)和内封面(英文封面),封面样式严格依照模版。}
题目
{用论文题目替换模板题目,不能改变格式。论文题目应该简短、明确、有概括性。中文字数不超过25个字,外文题目不超过15个实词,题目末不使用标点符号,中外文题名应一致。标题中尽量不用英文缩写词,必须采用时,应使用本行业通用缩写词。中英文标题均占一至两行。中文标题如有副标题,主副标题各占一行,副标题前加中文破折号;英文副标题不单独成行,与主标题之间用冒号(后加空格)隔开。英文题目用标题式大小写格式,由于标题式大小写没有统一的标准,本规范要求除了不位于主、副标题开头和结尾的冠词、介词(不论长短)、并列连词、动词不定式标志to等词,所有的词(包括复合词的连字符后的部分,但不包括像twenty-one这样的复合数词的连字符后面的部分)都大写。}
从摘要到目录
{具体要求见第I至III页。不要改动用罗马数字编号的页码部分的标题。}
正文
总体要求
{论文正文应包括引论、主体(主体至少分两大部分)及结论等部分,一共最少四部分,最多六部分。正文用英文写,拼写形式全文统一为英式或美式(直接引用时例外),不能英美式混杂。用阿拉伯数字编写页码的部分字数不少于3000字(英文单词)。}
标题和层次
{标题要求除了有编号、字号不同和不能有副标题这几点外,其他要求同论文英文题目。层次根据实际需要用两层或三层(即标题最多有两到三级),主体部分至少有一部分包含两层。可以直接替换本规范的标题(选定后不删除而直接键入),根据需要添加、删除标题。三层标题的格式分别采用“1标题1”、“标题2”和“标题3”。编号用的是Word的多级编号,在增删标题时编号会自动调整,无需手工调整。}
例句及其他列表项
{根据需要,例句、规则等尽量单独成段,统一编号,编号用 (1),(2),(3) ……的形式(顶格),全文从 (1) 开始统一连续编号(自动编号,增删编号段落后编号会自动调整),样式参照本规范的编号段落。该类段落的规定格式是“正文编号”;要求用格式刷从本规范的任何一个这类编号段落复制、粘贴格式,不要从格式窗格中选这类段落的样式。复制格式的方法是:把插字符打到任何一个此类已编号的段落中,单击“格式刷”按钮,然后再单击需要编号的段落。脚注中的例句编号用小写罗马数字i、ii、iii的形式,段落和文字格式不作特别要求。现再举例如下 (由于连续编号,故号码继续前面的 (1),是 (2) 和 (3)),作为翻译和对话类例句的参照格式:
John likes Mary.约翰喜欢玛丽。
A: Do you like apples?B: Yes.}
脚注
{对文中内容的注释采用脚注形式[ 注释分脚注和尾注两种主要形式,前者的内容位于每页下面,后者的内容位于文章末尾。本规范规定论文写作使用脚注,不使用尾注。把插字符打到正文中需要注释的地方,单击“插入”“引用”,在展开的子菜单中单击“脚注和尾注”,再单击“确定”,键入注释内容。本注释就是脚注的形式。],全文连续编号(自动调整编号)。}
引用标识与参考文献
{引文是论证的辅助手段,应忠于原意,准确切题。除非特别必要,不要引用非学术文献,如通俗读物等,尤其不要引用非专业人士(如名人或领袖)的话或观点作为自己观点的支撑(尽量避免诸如“Einstein says”、“Confucius claims”这样的话,如果确实有必要引用一定要详细注明出处)。根据情况用直接引语或间接引语的语法形式;直接引用文字超过四至六行字时,或诗歌超过两行时,应独立成段,应用“正文左缩”格式,下面是该格式的样式:
text texttext text text. (Zhang 2005, 88)
在论文中引用文献时,应加以标识,详细说明见附件2。引用的文献如果是用中文书写的,不能直接引用中文文本,必须将其意思用英文表达,一般用间接引语的.形式安排,在必要时可用直接引语的形式,在后面以加方括号,方括号内注明translation mine)。
参考文献直接反映论文的质量。要求在论文正文后的References下面列出在论文中引用或参考过的论文、专著及其他资料(采用“参考文献”格式),所有条目按照作者姓氏的字母顺序排列,不要编号。不能罗列文中没有引用的文献。文献条目应以与论文工作直接相关的近年的学术文献为主,包括期刊论文、博士学位论文、论文集里的文章、专著等;至少十条,且以期刊论文为主,近五年的文献占五条以上,发表在《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录的期刊上的论文占三条以上。
毕业论文的引用及参考文献体例以Chicago体例(Chicago Style)的作者—年代制(author-year system)为标准。附件2包含了该标准的主要内容,请尽量按该标准写作。请注意大小写、正斜体、空格、姓与名的相对顺序、缩写形式、标点符号等。特别注意连数符不是连字符(-),而是en dash(–),可从这里复制。下面把该标准的大小写和正斜体原则略述如下:
大小写:仅同名连续出版物(如期刊journal)的名称用标题式大写,其他的主副标题名称(包括书名)用句子式大写;
正斜体:广义的书名(包括期刊名等)用斜体,文章名(包括书的章节标题、学位论文标题)用正体。
中文文献,按照附件2第9、12页的红字的范例的样式,把汉字形式的文字转写成拉丁字母形式(注意ü不能用v代替),并把标题翻译成英文(置于方括号内)。其姓名与普通英文姓名一样处理,第一作者姓前名后,姓、名之间用逗号 + 空格隔开,非第一作者用名前姓后(不加逗号)的形式。}
附录(可选)
{不宜放在正文中但有重要参考价值的内容(如问卷、测试题等)可编入论文的附录中,位于参考文献之后。附录采用Appendix(只有一个)或Appendix A、Appendix B(两个以上)的形式,后面加两个空格再键入附录的标题,使用格式“1标题1”,删除标题前面的自动编号。}
页眉
{见第I页右上角的说明。}
其他要求及注意事项
{在写作时请注意以下几点:
除在直接引语中,尽量避免用缩略词(如isn’t, don’t, etc.等),尽量使用is not, do not, and others等形式。
罗马数字用西文字符,如i和ii,II和IV等(在英文输入状态下分别键入i、v、I、V等字母来组合),不要用中文字符ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅳ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ等。
区别元语言与对象语言。用英文写作,元语言是英文,对象语言是谈到的语言成份,可能是英文,也可能是其他语言,如英文字母、语素、词、短语、句子等。如果对象语言的文字是拉丁字母形式(如英文、法文、德文等),一律用不加引号的斜体字(编号例句除外),保留字母上面的两点等附加符号。在写非翻译研究类论文时,非拉丁字母文字(如日文、中文)一般应转写成拉丁字母形式,用不加引号的斜体字;在非用汉字不可的情况下(区别歧义、说明字型等)在拉丁字母形式的字词(斜体)后跟相应汉字(楷书、正体)或日文假名等字符;汉语无特殊情况其拉丁化标准一律采用汉语拼音(本规范要求词内无空格,词间有空格,略去调号),注意ü不能用v代替。翻译研究类文章可不转写成拉丁字母形式而直接使用汉字例句(用不加引号的正体字)。用单引号而不是双引号表各种意思,尤其是词(句)的语义解释(双引号作一般引用或强调时使用,双引号内再用引号时用单引号)。下面几个例子可以说明对象语言的处理方式和单引号的用法:the Chinese word heiban ‘blackboard’ is a compound; similarly, the English word blackboard is also a compound;hongcha means ‘black tea’;the letter a;the suffix -ful;the sentence John hates Mary;the articles the, a, an。注意在最后一个例子中,第一个定冠词属于元语言,不用斜体,第二个定冠词和两个不定冠词是对象语言,用斜体,属于对象语言的三个词之间的逗号属于元语言,用正体。}
References
{此标题不要改动。条目格式见第部分的要求,下面提供参考文献条目的样式:
附录 标点符号的计算机输入
{在Word中,中文标点符号在设计时留好了空位,在打字时不要人工键入空格,但英文标点符号往往需要人工键入空格。英文词右标点符号(逗号、句号、冒号、分号、问号、惊叹号、右括号、右引号等)左不空格,右边与相邻的单词间空一格;词左标点符号(左括号、左引号等)左边与相邻的单词间空一格,右边不加空格;相邻的同侧标点符号之间不加空格,相邻的异侧标点符号之间都加空格。在一个词内部的所有标点符号(包括连字符、撇号等),都不与空格连用(空格是用来把词与词分开的)。注意英文没有顿号和书名号,用逗号体现中文顿号的功能,用斜体体现书名号的功能。
由于某些英文标点符号的使用存在不同标准,本规范作如下要求。破折号用Times New Roman的em dash(—),左右都不加空格,数字间的连数符用Times New Roman的en dash(–),左右都不加空格。如果不会键入可从此处复制。省略号用三个句点,相邻两点间加一个空格(. . .),省略号左右与相邻的单词或标点间都加一个空格)。撇号用弯撇号(’),其形状与右引号相同;不能用直的('),引号用弯引号(‘ ’、“ ”),注意不要弯错方向;不能用直的(' '、" ")。Word的默认设置是在键入时自动用弯的替换直的。本规范要求单、双引号分别表不同的意思,其使用规定和例子见 (8)。
更多论文范文,尽在
英语论文的格式
在个人成长的多个环节中,大家一定都接触过论文吧,论文是对某些学术问题进行研究的手段。写论文的注意事项有许多,你确定会写吗?下面是我帮大家整理的英语论文的格式,欢迎大家分享。
论文的'规格:正文长度 5,500—8,500 单词。
使用的语言:英语
论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。
引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)
论文正文部分:
1、 题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;
2、 作者名,5号字,班级,学号
3、 指导教师名,5号字,职称
4、 摘要:用300词,5号字, 英文一页,中文一页
5、 关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号
6、 正文:用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:
引言:引入正题,不超过2段
7、 参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文
作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点
9、致谢(acknowledgement)
五、 毕业论文质量标准
(一)选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当;
(二)内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力;
(三)观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点;
(四)叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富;
(五)语言表达正确,无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00(万分之二十到二十五);
(六)用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误,修辞错误率控制在2%。
1.文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内,最多不超过15个实词,避免使用非公知公用的缩略词,代号等.
2. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表,请在篇首页地脚处注明.
3. 摘要 英文摘要一般为150-180个实词,中文摘要一般在300字以内,中英文摘要应基本一致.其内容应包括研究目的,方法,结果,结论等,禁用"本文","作者","This paper"等作主语.详见"科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求".
4. 关键词 每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词,词组或术语.英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.
5中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》.
6. 正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页(记空格,图表占位)以内.内容力求有创新,论证严谨,语句通顺,文字精炼.
7.文中正体,斜体,黑体字符的用法:
⑴斜体.变量名称用斜体单字母表示;下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体;坐标轴(如x,y)和变量(如i,j)用斜体.
⑵正体.下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体;单位,词头用正体,如nm,pF等;几个特殊常量用正体,如e,i,π等.
⑶黑体.矩阵,矢量名称用黑体表示.
8.图形要求
图中所有线条,文字必须用黑色绘制;用线形或标识符区分;不得有背景;
图中线条须清晰,均匀,刻度线向内侧画,并且间隔应均匀;
图中坐标线粗磅,曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍;
9.表格要求 表格采用三线表,表头中使用物理量符号/单位,如下例:
10.参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料,须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后,文中须在引用处右上角加注"「序号」".中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文,并在后面加注"(in Chinese)".引文作者姓名均为姓前名后,最多标3名,余下用"et al."代表.
著录格式为:(按不同析出物分类说明)
「连续出版物」 主要作者.题名「J」 .刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.
「专著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.
「译著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .译者.出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.
「论文集」 主要作者.题名「A」 .编者.论文集名「C」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.
「会议论文」 主要作者.题名「Z」 .会议名称,会议召开地(城市名),召开年.
「学位论文」 作者.题名「D」 .所在城市:保存单位,年份.
「研究报告」 主要作者.题名「R」 .报告代码及编号(或:保存地点:责任单位),年份.
「报纸」 作者名.文章名「N」.报纸名,出版日期(版次).
「电子文献」 作者.题名「EB/OL」 .发表或更新日期/引用日期.
「专利」 申请者.专利名「P」 .专利国名:专利号,发布日期.
「技术标准」 技术标准代号,技术标准名称「S」 .
英语专业毕业论文任务书格式模板
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束,大家都知道毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备的'检验大学学习成果的形式,来参考自己需要的毕业论文吧!下面是我帮大家整理的英语专业毕业论文任务书格式模板,希望能够帮助到大家。
课题名称
Catherine:the Lost Soul
学生姓名
学号
专业、年级
英语20xx届
课题任务:
艾米莉勃朗特是19世纪英国文坛中独具创作性的作家。她一生中唯一的作品《呼啸山庄》被人们认为是英国文学史上一部“最具奇特的小说”。本课题将从语言方式、行为举止、情感经历的角度,对凯瑟琳出身环境和生活环境的空间上的不同以及婚前婚后时间上的不同进行对比分析,揭示天性倔强善良,追求自由却又虚荣的性格形成的必然性。此外,本课题还研究了导致凯瑟琳性格的根本原因。
进度计划:
20xx年01 月10日 上交开题报告
20xx年02 月26日 开题
20xx年03 月31日 初稿(打印件或电子文档)
20xx年04 月08日 中期检查
20xx年04 月15日 二稿(打印件或电子文档)
20xx年04 月29日 终稿(打印件和电子文档)
20xx年05 月09日 论文评阅
20xx年05 月14日 论文答辩
提交文档:
选题编制报批表
任务书
开题报告
开题记录表
一稿
二稿
终稿
答辩记录表
评审表
成绩表
英语毕业论文答辩(通用6篇)
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵,提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》,thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning, Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版(通用6篇)
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束,我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式,那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢?下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) : I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.