发布时间：
1、间不容发 jiān bú róng fā 间：空隙。空隙中容不下一根头发。比喻与灾祸相距极近或情势危急到极点。不是“形容距离小”。
造句：“超级女生”在全国巡回演出，每到一处，那场面人山人海，摩肩接踵，真可以用间不容发来形容。
2、对簿公堂 duì bù gōng táng 簿：文状、起诉书之类；对簿：受审问；公堂：旧指官吏审理案件的地方。在法庭上受审问。不能误用为“双方打官司”。
造句：事情一拖再拖，悬而不决，双方只得求助于法律，对簿公堂
3、不足为训 bú zú wéi xùn 足：值得。训：准则，典范。指不值得作为准则或典范。不能理解为“不值得作为教训”。
造句：这样的小错误对于整个项目的要求来说是无伤大雅、不足为训的，
4、不绝如缕 bú jué rú lǚ 绝：断；缕：细线。像细线一样连着，差点儿就要断了。多用来形容局势危急或声音细微悠长。不能误认为“连续不断”。
大街上，商场里，到处是游玩购物的人，熙熙攘攘，不绝如缕。
5、明日黄花 míng rì huáng huā 黄花：菊花。原指重阳节过后逐渐萎谢的菊花。后多比喻过时的事物或消息。不是指未来的东西。
造句：李老师语重心长地对我们说：“他们是明日黄花了，可你们是祖国的未来，一定要努力呀！”
6、连接词：有 和、跟、与、同、及、而、况、况且、何况、乃至等。
1. 曾几何时：时间没有过去多久。
2. 曾经沧桑：比喻曾经见过大世面，不把平常事放在眼里。
3. 蚕食鲸吞：用各种方式侵占吞并。（蚕、鲸，名词作状语）
4. 沧海一粟(sù)：比喻非常微小。粟，谷子。
5. 从善如流：接受善意的规劝，如同水流向下那样迅速而自然。
6. 大快人心：坏人坏事受到惩罚或打击，使大家非常痛快。
7. 大而无当：虽然大，但是不合用。
8. 大智若愚：某些有才智有才能的人不露锋芒，表面看来好像很愚笨。多含褒义。
9. 大器晚成：指能担当大事的人物要经过长期的锻炼，所以成就比较晚。
10. 当仁不让：遇到应该做的事就要勇于承担，不谦让，不推托。仁，正义，正义的事，引申为应该做的事。
含有“文”的成语有（列举几个解释如下） ：图文并茂、文质彬彬、咬文嚼字、身无分文、繁文缛节、温文尔雅、文房四宝、文过饰非、文恬武嬉、分文不取、大做文章、表面文章、一纸空文、以文会友、斯斯文文、能文能武、文武双全、文奸济恶、潘文乐旨、天下文宗、文不对题、蛇化为龙，不变其文、深文周纳、通文调武、文君新寡、孔壁古文、深文巧劾、文案孔目、一文莫名、以郄视文、言之无文，行之不远、文武两全、文宗学府、文质斌斌、孤文只义、地下修文、才兼文武、市民文学、言之无文、演武修文、同文共规、不直一文、秉文经武、微文深诋、不通文墨、文川武乡、满腹文章、文深网密、能文善武、揆文奋武、枕典席文、黼黻文章、舞文弄墨、文人无行、允文允武、执文害意、广文先生、文采风流成语：文质彬彬 [wén zhì bīn bīn] 释义：文：文采；质：实质；彬彬：形容配合适当。
原形容人既文雅又朴实，后形容人文雅有礼貌。 出处：《论语·雍也》：“质胜文则野；文胜质则史。
文质彬彬；然后君子。”造句：新来的语文教师戴着一副近视镜，身穿一身学生装，显得~。
成语：咬文嚼字 [yǎo wén jiáo zì] 释义：形容过分地斟酌字句。多指死扣字眼而不注意精神实质。
出处：元·乔吉《小桃红·赠刘牙儿》曲：“含宫泛徵；咬文嚼字；谁敢嗑牙儿。”造句：我们应该正确理解文字含义，千万不要~。
成语：文过饰非 [wén guò shì fēi] 释义：文、饰：掩饰；过、非：错误。用漂亮的言词掩饰自己的过失和错误。
出处：唐·刘知几《史通》：“期则圣人设教；其理含宏；或援誓以表心；或称非以受屈。岂与夫庸儒末学；文过饰非；使夫问者缄辞杜口；怀疑不展；若斯而已哉！”造句：犯了错误不改，反而~，就会犯更大的错误。
成语：以文会友 [yǐ wén huì yǒu] 释义：指通过文字来结交朋友。 出处：《论语·颜渊》：“曾子曰：‘君子以文会友；以友铺仁。
’”造句：评比会上，各地的朋友纷纷拿出自己的作品交流，~。
1. 言简意赅
【拼音】： yán jiǎn yì gāi
【解释】： 赅：完备。话不多，但意思都有了。形容说话写文章简明扼要。
【出处】： 清·华伟生《开国奇冤·被擒》：“梦华先生，你看老夫此稿如何？言简意赅，洵不愧为老斫轮手。”
【举例造句】： 我们作文应该言简意赅，不要拖泥带水。
2. 要言不烦
【拼音】： yào yán bù fán
【解释】： 要：简要；烦：烦琐。指说话或写文章简单扼要，不烦琐。
【出处】： 《三国志·魏书·管辂传》：“晏含笑而赞之曰：‘可谓要言不烦也。’”
【举例造句】： 是的，那——《中国国粹义务论》，真真要言不烦，百读不厌！ 鲁迅《彷徨·高老夫子》
3. 洋洋洒洒
【拼音】： yáng yáng sǎ sǎ
【解释】： 洋洋：盛大、众多的样子；洒洒：明白、流畅的样子。形容文章或谈话丰富明快，连续不断。
【出处】： 《韩非子·难言》：“所以难言者，言顺此滑泽，洋洋洒洒，则见以为华而不实。”
【举例造句】： 局面询问也用不着洋洋洒洒的大文章。 邹韬奋《抗战以来·“来宾”的建议》
4. 字字珠玑
【拼音】： zì zì zhū jī
【解释】： 珠：圆的珍珠；玑：不圆的珍珠。形容诗文语言精炼，每个字都像珍珠一样珍贵。
【出处】： 明·汤显祖《邯郸记·赠试》：“听的黄榜招贤，尽把所赠金资，引动朝贵，则小生之文字字珠玉矣。”
【举例造句】： 谁知他外貌不足，内才有余，笔动时篇篇锦绣，墨走时字字珠玑。 清·刘璋《斩鬼传》第一回
5. 发人深省
【拼音】： fā rén shēn xǐng
【解释】： 发：启发；省：醒悟。启发人深刻思考，有所醒悟。
【出处】： 唐·杜甫《游龙门奉先寺》诗：“欲觉闻晨钟，令人发深省。”
【举例造句】： 以当清夜闻钟，发人深省。 《虞初新志·金忠洁公传评》
关于写作的成语：
安如太山 形容极其平安稳固。泰，也写作“太”。同“安如泰山”。
出处：汉·焦赣《易林·坤之中孚》：“安如太山，福禧屡臻。虽有豺虎，不致危身。”
抱椠怀铅 铅，铅粉；椠，木简。皆书写用具。指勤于写作、校勘。同“握铅抱椠”。
出处：宋·沈遵《谢两府三启》：“然且抱椠怀铅，出入乎承明之署；荷囊持橐，上下乎太微之廷。”
笔头生花 比喻写作能力大有进步。也形容文章写得很出色。
出处：唐·冯贽《云仙杂记》卷十：“李太白少梦笔头生花，后天才赡逸，名闻天下。”
笔下生花 比喻文人才思俊逸，写作的诗文极佳。
出处：五代·王仁裕《开元天宝遗事下》：“李太白少时梦所用之笔头上生花，后天才赡逸，名闻天下。”
笔冢研穿 秃笔成坟，砚磨穿孔。指写作著述功力极深。
出处：明·凌濛初《〈二刻拍案惊奇〉小引》：“支言俚说不足供酱瓿，而翼飞胫走，较拈髭呕血笔冢研穿者，售不售反霄壤隔也。”
别出机杼 别：另外；机杼：织布机，比喻诗文的构思和布局。指写作另辟途径，能够创新。
出处：《魏书·祖莹传》：“文章须自出机杼，成一家风骨。”
才短思涩 才：才识。短：短浅。涩：迟钝。见识短浅，思路迟钝。指写作能力差。
出处：宋·楼钥《攻媿集·雷雨应诏封事》：“适当书诏填委之时，才短思涩，目不暇给。”
才高七步 形容才思敏捷。
出处：南朝·宋·刘义庆《世说新语·文学》：“文帝（曹丕）尝令东阿王（丕弟曹植）七步中作诗，不成者行大法；应声便为诗曰：‘煮豆持作羹，漉豉以为汁；箕在釜下燃，豆在釜中泣。本自同根生，相煎何太急！’”
彩笔生花 比喻才思有很大的进步。
出处：元·汤式《赏花时·戏贺友人新娶》：“翠袖分香行处有，彩笔生花梦境熟。”
操觚染翰 觚，木简；翰，长而硬的鸟羽。指写作。
出处：宋·无名氏《灯下闲谈·梦与神交》：“松拜而更之，乃操觚染翰；表成，呈于王。”
文学：扬葩振藻：葩：形容文章写得华丽多采.（文采好）璧坐玑驰：形容文章的语言精采美妙.（语言精妙）徜徉恣肆：形容文章挥洒自如，气势豪放.（有气势）辞无所假：写文章时用词有所创新，没有因袭前人.形容文章自成一家，有独特的风格.（用词有创新）蹙金结绣：形容文章精美，结构严密.（结构严谨）短小精干：形容文章、言论等简短有力.（精短）花团锦簇：形容文章辞藻华丽.（辞藻华丽）浑然一体：形容文章绘画，布置匀整，结构谨严.（结构严谨）流水行云：形容文章自然不受约束，就象漂浮着的云和流动着的水一样.（既可指语言流畅，也可以指内容自然不受约束）神完气足：神气十分舒畅.常形容文章首尾贯穿，一气呵成.硬语盘空：形容文章的气势雄伟，矫健有力.情文并茂：指文章的思想感情丰富，文辞也很美盛.笔头生花：形容文章写得很出色.不蔓不枝：比喻说话或写文章简明扼要，不拖泥带水.咳唾成珠：比喻言辞精当，议论高明.（言辞准确）点睛之笔：指文章传神绝妙之处.开门见山：打开门就能看见山.比喻说话或写文章直截了当谈本题，不拐弯抹角.旁征博引：指说话、写文章引用材料作为依据或例证.深入浅出：指讲话或文章的内容深刻，语言文字却浅显易懂.言之有序：说话和写文章很有条理.要言不烦：指说话或写文章简单扼要，不烦琐.。
大做文章 比喻为达到某种目的，在某些问题上横生枝节，或借题发挥，扩大事态 大有文章 指话语、文章、或已表露的现象之中，很有令人难以捉摸的意思或别的情况 分文不值 形容毫无价值 满腹文章 比喻文章极好，很有才华 百代文宗 宗：被人所效法的人物。
在久远的年代里堪为文人楷模的人物。 被发文身 被发：散发；文身：身上刺花纹。
原指古代吴越一代的风俗。后也用以泛指未开化地带的风俗。
表面文章 比喻浮夸或不切实际，敷衍塞责的做法。 博文约礼 博：金我，广；约：约束。
广求学问，恪守礼法。 不立文字 佛家语，指禅家悟道，不涉文字不依经卷，唯以师徒心心相印，理解契合，传法授受。
不文不武 既不能文，又不能武。 才兼文武 指人具有文武两方面的才能。
粗通文墨 粗：略微；通：通晓。文墨：指写文章。
稍微懂得一些写作方面的学问。 大块文章 大块：大地。
原指大自然锦绣般美好的景色。后用以称赞别人内容丰富的长篇文章。
道德文章 指思想品德和学识学问。 地下修文 旧指有才文人早死。
典章文物 指法令、礼乐、制度以及历代遗留下来的有价值的东西。 断发文身 剪短头发，身上刺着花纹。
是古代某些民族的风俗。 多文为富 以多学知识、技能为富有。
繁文末节 文：规定、仪式；节：礼节。过分繁琐的仪式和礼节。
比喻琐碎多余的事情。 繁文缛节 文：规定、仪式；缛：繁多；节：礼节。
过分繁琐的仪式或礼节。也比喻其他繁琐多余的事项。
反面文章 从事情的反面做的文章。多指反语。
分文不直 直：同“值”。一分钱一文钱也不值。
形容没有任何价值。 废文任武 文：文治；任：任用；武：武力。
废掉文治，任用武力。指轻文重武。
分文不取 一个钱也不要。比喻不计报酬。
分文不名 名：占有。一分钱一个铜板也没有。
比喻非常贫困。 浮文巧语 华丽而空泛的言词。
高文典册 指封建朝廷的重要文书、诏令。 官样文章 旧时官场中有固定格式和套语的例行公文。
比喻光注意形式，没有实际内容的空话，或照例敷衍的虚文滥调。 龟文鸟迹 指古代的象形文字。
慧业文人 指有文学天才并与文字结为业缘的人。 较武论文 较：比较，评论。
评论武艺，谈论文章。 骥子龙文 骥子：千里马；龙文：骏马名，旧时多指神童。
原为佳子弟的代称。后多比喻英才。
经文纬武 治理国家的本领，文的武的都具备。 临文不讳 临：及；讳：避讳。
作文时不须避讳。 奇文瑰句 瑰：珍奇。
优美的文章。 奇文共赏 少见的好文章大家一道欣赏。
深文周纳 周纳：罗织罪名。指苛刻地或歪曲地引用法律条文，把无罪的人定成有罪。
也指不根据事实，牵强附会地给人硬加罪名。 蛇化为龙，不变其文 比喻无论形式上怎样变化，实质还是一样。
书同文，车同轨 车轨相同，文字相同。比喻国家统一。
斯文扫地 斯文：指文化或文人；扫地：比喻名誉、信用、地位等完全丧失。指文化或文人不受尊重或文人自甘堕落。
同文共轨 同文：全国所用的文字相同；共轨：全国车辙阔狭相同。统一文字，统一车辙。
比喻国家统一。 酸文假醋 形容装出一副文雅有礼貌的样子。
文治武功 比喻政治与军事。 文君新寡 指妇女死去丈夫不久。
文人相轻 指文人之间互相看不起。 文武之道，一张一弛 文、武：指周文王和周武王。
意思是宽严相结合，是文王武王治理国家的方法。现用来比喻生活的松紧和工作的劳逸要合理安排。
文恬武嬉 恬：安闲；嬉：玩乐。文官安闲自得，武官游荡玩乐。
指官吏只知贪图安逸享受，吃喝玩乐，不关心国事。 文风不动 一点儿也不动。
形容没有丝毫损坏或改变。 文质彬彬 文：文采；质：实质；彬彬：形容配合适当。
原形容人既文雅又朴实，后形容人文雅有礼貌。 舞文弄法 舞、弄：耍弄，玩弄；文：法令条文；法：法律。
歪曲法律条文，舞弊徇私。 文过饰非 文、饰：掩饰；过、非：错误。
用漂亮的言词掩饰自己的过失和错误。 纬武经文 指有文有武，有治理国家的才能。
文人无行 喜欢玩弄文字的人，品行常常不端正。 文不加点 点：涂上一点，表示删去。
文章一气呵成，无须修改。形容文思敏捷，写作技巧纯熟。
文从字顺 从：服从，顺从；顺：通顺。指文章通顺。
文君新醮 醮：旧指女子出嫁，这里指再嫁。原指汉代卓文君嫁司马相如事。
后指寡妇再嫁。 温文尔雅 温文：态度温和，有礼貌；尔雅：文雅。
形容人态度温和，举动斯文。现有时也指缺乏斗争性，做事不大胆泼辣，没有闯劲。
文房四宝 俗指笔、墨、纸、砚。 文以载道 载：装载，引伸为阐明；道：道理，泛指思想。
指文章是为了说明道理的。 文行出处 文：学问；行：品行；出：作官；处：隐居。
旧指文人的学问、品行和对待出仕隐退的态度。 微文深诋 想尽办法把无罪的人定成有罪。
望文生义 文：文字，指字面；义：意义。不了解某一词句的确切涵义，光从字面上去牵强附会，做出不确切的解释。
文不对题 文章里的意思跟题目对不上。指人说话或写文章不能针对主题。
文韬武略 韬：指《六韬》，古代兵书，内容分文、武、龙、虎、豹、犬六韬；略：指《三略》，古代兵书，凡三卷。比喻用兵的谋略。
舞文弄墨 舞、弄：故意玩弄；文、墨：文笔。故意玩弄文笔。
原指曲引法律条文作弊。后常指玩弄。
一本正经、引人注目、白发苍苍、自言自语、手脚并用、
惹人注意、随风飘动、严严实实、转来转去、缕缕炊烟、
满载而归、月落柳梢、来回跳动、飘飘摇摇、成群结队、
惹人喜爱、确确实实、争奇斗艳、挤来挤去、风尘仆仆、
阳光明媚、闻鸡起舞、金秋时节、凌空飞起、翩翩起舞、
大惊失色、半沉半浮、你挤我碰、频频点头、芬芳迷人、
欣然怒放、含笑一现、准确无误、随意调节、学无止境、
毫无保留、奔流不息、花草树木、世界闻名、回首遥望、
双龙戏珠、名扬中外、形态各异、风景优美、物产丰富、
瑰丽无比、高低不平、颜色不一、四脚朝天、酸甜可口、
景 *** 人、琳琅满目、应有尽有、一应俱全、大饱口福、
旅游胜地、举世闻名、夜幕降临、光彩夺目、五洲四海、
璀璨无比、令人神往、难以招架、合二为一、大显神威、
哇哇直叫、乱成一团、相提并论、和睦相处、没精打采、
灰心丧气、狮口逃生、刻舟求剑、一摇一晃、不假思索、
沉默不语、如愿以偿、目不转睛、恍然大悟、鸦雀无声、
一动不动、欢蹦乱跳、翻来覆去、勤学苦练、千呼万唤、
垂头丧气、争奇斗艳、风餐露宿、五光十色、成群结队、
千奇百怪、物美价廉、五颜六色、高楼大厦、左抵右挡、
蹦来跳去、兴高采烈、摇头晃脑
关键词是为了进行文献标引，从论文中提取出来的最为关键的一组主题词，是用来描述文献资料主题，并提供文献检索便利的一组情报语言词汇。学位论文一般在中英文摘要之后，分别列出3-5个中英文的关键词。
首先论文的关键词要能概括论文的重点，作者可以根据研究内容进行一定的概括总结，使得读者可以根据关键词了解论文研究的内容和方向。文章关键词提取应该根据关键程度选取，而且最好不要过于集中。关键词在一篇论文中很多，因为论文字数多，信息量也大，相关的内容也比较多，因此关键词的选取并不太容易，大家可以根据关键程度加以大致排序，选择最关键的词汇。同时，关键一定不要在一段文章中反复出现，否则选择适当程度就会有失偏颇，如果分布在整个文章中最好。
其次关键词不宜太过广泛。比如你在天文学领域有一个重大发现，那么你的关键词就不应该用“astronomy”或者“universe”等等这些太过宽泛的关键词。因为这些关键词并不能帮助科研者找到特定细分领域的相关文献。建议着重在摘要内提到的核心概念来选择关键词。
然后如果论文涉及某一专业技术或者方法，那么一定要在标题或者关键词内展示出此项技术的专业术语，可有效提高科研者搜索论文的精准率以及论文的引用率。
最后在写关键词的时候，要注意该关键词有没有其它意思，避免产生歧义，引起分歧。
一、时态时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时需要注意的语法In recent years作时间状语时通常要用完成时In recent years,Plesch and coworkers have concluded that many so-called cationic polymerizations do not proceed through intermediates of an ionic nature.二、数词数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可以下是需要注意的语法不规则变化的单复数单数复数criterion criteria依据phenomenon phenomena现象medium media介质radius radii半径index indices指数appendix appendices附录stimulus stimuli刺激basis bases基础2synthesis syntheses合成matrix matrices基体Novel biomaterials with improved,specific biological action are being developed using polymers that are responsive to environmental stimuli.一些数有特殊性的名词data,kinetics通常作复数名词research,work：不可数名词The data in Table1are obtained from the reactions at different kinetics of polymerization within each droplet are the same as those for the corresponding bulk research has been done to redirect the tropism of retroviruses by engineering the envelope research on poly(ortho esters)has focused on the synthesis of polymers.一些结构的数<；主谓的统一>one of复数名词单数none of复数名词复数none of单数名词/不可数名词单数no复数名词复数no单数名词/不可数名词单数a kind of单数名词单数this/that kind of单数名词单数these kinds of复数名词复数复数名词of this/that kind复数sort与kind类似a type of单数名词单数a series of复数名词复数a class of复数名词复数the number of复数名词单数a number of复数名词复数Ara-C is one of most important antitumor agents,especially used in the treatment of various of possibilities for enhancing the pharmacological properties is to link it to a carrier. Biocompatibility is one of the main criteria for the selection of a particular Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of most rapid advancing areas of science in which chemists are contributing to human health models have been proposed but none appear to be generally of the presently used ones are applied far no studies have conclusively demonstrated long-term value of any of the cardiac gene therap type of termination is often referred to as spontaneous number of polymer backbones that are potentially degradable are detailed in the number of mechanisms which have been proposed to explain the stereopecificity of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.*The number of复数名词：整个做主语时谓语应为单数；但此句的动词have是从句的谓语而从句是形容mechanisms.在其它的从句谓语中也是同样如:One of the mechanisms which have been……A series of telomers reported in table1were then diverse range of mechanisms have been are a promising class of biomaterials that can be engineered to meet specific end-use most important class of poly(amides)for controlled release are the poly(amino acids).The majority of poly(anhydrides)are prepared by melt-condensation wide variety of natural and synthetic polymers have been used to fabricate tissue-engineering matrices.后面通常要用复数名词对可数名词而言various differentmost all many severalone of many ofkinds ofa number of the number ofa(wide)variety of a class ofa series of a wide range ofDozens of different types of receptors are present on the average mammalian cell
你的指导老师没给你交待?学校没有"毕业论文（设计）撰写规范",那你参照下面的写:本科毕业论文（设计）撰写规范 为了进一步规范本科毕业论文（设计）的撰写，提高本科毕业论文（设计）质量，特制定本规范。 一、毕业论文（设计）内容组成 本科毕业论文（设计）应包括以下几个部分： 二、毕业论文（设计）各部分撰写要求 1、论文题目 毕业论文（设计）题目以简明的词语恰当、准确地反映论文最重要的内容（一般不超过20字）。论文题目通常由名词性短语构成，应尽量避免使用不常用缩略词、首字母缩写字、字符、代码和公式等。 如论文题目内容层次很多，难以简化时，可采用题名和副题名相结合的方法，其中副题名起补充、阐明题名的作用。题名和副题名在整篇毕业论文的不同地方出现时，应保持一致。 2、摘要摘要是论文内容的简要陈述，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，一般以第三人称语气写成，不加评论和补充的解释。摘要应具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读论文的全文，就能获得必要的信息。摘要一般应说明研究工作的目的、方法、结果和结论等，重点是结果和结论。 中文摘要一般字数为300~600字，英文摘要要实词在300个左右，如遇特殊需要字数可以略多。摘要中应尽量避免采用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。 3、关键词关键词（包括中文和英文关键词）是表述论文主题内容信息的单词或术语，应体现论文特色，具有语义性，在论文中有明确的出处。 关键词数量一般为3~8个，每一个关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不用标点符号，中英文关键词应一一对应，中文关键词前应冠以“关键词：”，英文关键词前冠以“Key words:”作为标志。 4、目录目录即毕业论文（设计）各章节的顺序列表。毕业论文（设计）应写出目录，标明页码，便于阅读和掌握毕业论文（设计）的主要内容，目录层次要求不多于3级。 5、正文正文包括：绪论（或前言、序言）、本论、结论。 （1） 绪论：是毕业论文的开头部分，包括以下几项内容： ① 说明论文写作的目的、意义，对所研究问题的认识； ② 提出问题。 （2） 本论：是论文的主体，是论文中最重要的部分，整个论证过程在此展开。本论一般包括： ① 根据中心论点的需要，确定分论点并安排好文章层次、段落； ② 提出分论点，并展开论述。 （3） 结论：是论文的结尾，主要包括三部分内容： ① 提出或强调得出的结论； ② 对论题研究未来发展趋势的展望； ③ 有关问题的简要说明。 （理工科专业、经管文法类专业要求10000~15000字；英语专业用英文书写论文，要求实词6000以上）。 7、附录根据毕业论文（设计）的内容要求，确定是否需要附录。包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式推导、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 8、外文文献与翻译
导语：议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!
一.开头句型
far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
this respect, 从这个角度上
, 然而…
三.结尾句型
will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
… for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)
八 因果推理法常用句型
we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
英语写作常用十大句型
英语写作都有哪些常见句型呢?下面就让我为大家讲解一下吧。
一、否定句
许多否定句不含not的否定结构。如果论文作者能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使文章显得生动活泼。
1、Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
2、On no account (Under no circumstances)can we ignore the immense value of knowledge. 我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。
3、College students take part-time jobs not formore money but fora better understanding of societies.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。
4、One’s salary doesnot depend so much on his educational background ason his ability and contribution to the society.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。
5、In terms of nutrition, fast foodis far from satisfactory.从营养角度来说，快餐远非令人满意。
6、Parentswould not expect their children to become useful persons withoutworking hard. 父母们不能指望孩子们不经过刻苦努力就可以成才。
二、非限制性定语从句
如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。
1、Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality,whichis of vital importance to their developmentin the future. 毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。
2、Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。
3、The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
三、让步句
让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。
1、This view is widely acknowledged;however，there is little evidence that smoking isbeneficial topeople’shealth.这个观点被广泛认可，然而，几乎没有证据表明吸烟对人们健康有利。
2、Although(Whilst)the computer has been widely used in class, it cannot replacethe role of teachers. 尽管计算机已经广泛用于课堂，但是它不能取代教师的作用。
3、Reasonable asthe opinion sounds, it cannot bear much analysis. 虽然这个观点听起来有道理，但是它经不住分析。
4、In spite of a lot of conveniences thatcars bring to people’s life, it can create a series ofserious problems.尽管汽车给人们的生活带来了许多便利，但是也产生了一系列严重的问题。
四、It引导的句子
It引导的句子是写作中使用频率最高的句式。作者应熟练掌握其用法，并能灵活运用到文章的开篇、主体段和结尾段中。
1、It is hard to imagine whatour life would look like without computers in modern society. 很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机，我们的生活会变成什么样子。
2、It is conceivable thatbeing physically active does good to health. 可想而知，积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。
3、It is a highly controversial issue whetherwomen should join the armed forces or not. 女性是否应该参军是一个非常有争议的问题。
4、It is universally acknowledged thatwater and air are indispensable to human beings.人们普遍认为，水和空气对人类不可缺少。
5、It is essential thatendangered species of animalsbeprotected against
being killed. 保护濒危的动物物种免遭残杀是必需的。
6、It is high time thatthe government took effective measures to solve these problems.该是政府采取有效措施来解决这些问题的时候了。
7、It has been made easier for modern peopleto communicate with each other by theinternet in a few seconds.现代人很容易通过互联网在几秒钟内就取得联系。
8、It is worth caring about the way a child behaves.关心孩子们的行为方式是值得的。
9、It is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。
10、It has been a few decades sincethe computer came into being.自从计算机问世以来已经有几十年的时间了。
五、假设句
假设句可分为真实假设句和非真实假设句两种。常用在主体段落表示正、反论证。
1、If we destroy old buildings, thenwewill ruin the traditionalculture andheritage.如果我们推倒老房子，就要破坏传统的文化和遗产。
2、Youwouldmiss the chance to interact with other studentsif you used internet at home. 假如你在家上网，你就会失去与其他同学交流的机会。
3、Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the danger of
being unemployed.一旦你变换了现在的工作，就面临着失业的危险。
六、倒装句
在写作中恰当和准确地使用倒装句，有助于句子表达形式的多样化，使语言更加生动有力。
1、Only in this way can the problem be tackled properly. 只有这样才能妥善地解决这个问题。
2、Only whenchildren take arduous efforts canthey become successful. 只有当孩子们付出艰苦的努力他们才能获得成功。
3、Not only does studying in school serve academic purpose, butstudents learn how to handle interpersonal relations. 在校学习不仅为了学术目的，而且还可以学会如何处理人际关系。
4、Under no circumstancesshould youngsters follow negative informationon mass mediablindly.青少年决不应当盲从大众媒体上的不良信息。
5、So valuable iswater that we cannot afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
6、Nowadays,most dangerous for youngsters isthe tendency to indulge in playing PC games.如今对青少年最为危险的事情是倾向于过多地玩电脑游戏。
七、强调句
写作时为了突出句子的某一成分，常常使用强调句。
1、It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal species.正是为了维持生态平衡，人类才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种。
2、It is not untilpeople suffer from some fatal diseases such as SARS and AIDS thatthey are becoming aware of how significant it is for the government to invest more money in medical care.
直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时，才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。
3、Nothing in the world is more valuable than health.世界上没有比健康更重要的了。
八、比较句
正确地使用比较结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。
1、Studies show that juvenile delinquency rates are twice as high foryoungsters from single-parent families as for those in traditional households.(同级比较)研究表明来自单亲家庭的青少年犯罪率是来自传统家庭的两倍。
2、Generally speaking, people in modern times enjoy less leisure time than they did previously.(比较级)一般说来，现代人比过去享有更少的休闲时间。
3、Compared with those with different abilities, children with intelligence do more well in their school work and intelligence tests. 与不同能力的孩子相比，聪明的孩子在学业和智力测验方面表现更加突出。
4、Contrary to pop stars, other professionals like doctors and teachers create the true value for theirsociety.与明星不同，其他专业人员如医生和教师为社会创造了真正的价值。
5、Airis to humanwhat (as)water is to fish.空气对人类就如同水对鱼一样。
九、插入语
插入语是对一句话做一些附加说明或解释。最常见的位置于句中,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。用得恰当，不仅可以增加字数，而且使文章更显地道和精彩。
1、Computers,most important of all,create wide communication around the world. 最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
2、Providing more parking areas,in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in manylarge cities in the world.从长远的利益来看，提供更多的停车位证明是许多世界大城市切实可行的出路。
3、Observing local culture,consciously and unconsciously,can reduce the chance of offendingthe locals, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even conflict. 无论是否意识到，遵循当地的文化可以减少冒犯当地人的机会，否则，就会导致尴尬甚至冲突。
4、Space exploration, some people believe,will bring some unexpected discoveries. 有人相信空间探索将会带来意想不到的发现。
十、原因句
几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或者可以写原因。议论文的讲道理实际就是说明原因。因此，掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的。
1、Violent films can do harm to young people,because they contains numerous negative information.暴力影片对年轻人是有害的，因为其中包含大量负面信息。
2、Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal extinction.野生动物灭绝的主要责任在人类。
3、We should attribute(ascribe)medical advances tothe animals which do substantial contributions to the experiment.我们应该把医学的发展归因于动物对实验做出的巨大贡献。
4、Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one of the most serious problems.由于人口过剩，水短缺已经成为一个最严重的问题。
5、Owing to the fiercecompetition in today’s world, a great many young people find themselves under great pressure.由于当今世界的激烈竞争，大量的'年轻人承受巨大的压力。
对于上述“十大句式”，具备以下显著特点：
1.“十大句式”具有普遍性。事实上，“十大句式”在阅读文章和写作范文中出现频率相当高，也是广大科研人员非常熟悉的句式。可以说，句句皆是万用的。一旦科研人员熟练地掌握了它们的用法，就能根据内容表达的需要，随时派上用场。用句夸张的话来说，就是“不怕写不到，就怕想不到”。
2.“十大句式”的提出基本符合最新科技论文写作评分标准中对句子结构的要求。“十大句式”中除了否定句、倒装句、插入语一般可以写成简单句以外，其它6到7句都属于复合句，占到总数的三分之二以上。换句话说，如果科研人员能运用十大句式正确地写出句子，那么不仅复杂句的数量就可以达到6到7分规定的要求，而且句式呈现多样化，复合句和简单句交错使用，以增强文章表达效果。
3. 增强科研人员句式的写作意识。“十大句式”对科研人员来讲，并不陌生，然而在写作考试中，由于时间紧迫，科研人员平时又缺乏运用已经掌握的句式的意识，因此多数科研人员以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之，往往想不到运用这些句式。
4. 多数感觉句子写起来挥洒自如的科研人员，其中或多或少地在使用十大句式，在一定程度上说明他们头脑中已经培养起句式写作潜意识。
总之，句式变换直接影响到论文写作的成败。在此，衷心希望“十大句式”能为广大科技论文科研人员提供一条快速、高效的提高句式写作的途径，真正做到学以致用，“以不变应万变”
英语写作常用语
英语的.书面表达一直以来就是英语学习的瓶颈。下面是我整理的英语写作常用语，欢迎大家阅读！
一．开头用语：
良好的开端等于成功的一半．在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。
1．议论论文：
A. Just as every coin has two sides, carshave both advantages and disadvantages．
to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
C. When itcomes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot ofconvenience. However,...
are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the cityand in the countryside.
E. As isknown to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part inour daily life.
F. Why doyou go to university? Different people have different points of view.
2. 书信：
A. I amwriting to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.
B. I readan advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...
C. Thankyou for your letter of May 5.
D. Howhappy I am to receive your letter of January 9.
E. Hownice to hear from you again.
3. 口头通知或介绍情况：
A. Ladiesand gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement tomake.
, please. I have something important to tell you.
C. , Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.
4. 演讲稿：
A. Ladiesand gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speechon the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.
B. Goodmorning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, toextend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.
二．并列用语：
as wellas, not only…but (also), including,
A. Notonly do computers play an important part in science and technology, but alsoplay an informative role in our daily life.
B. All ofus, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.
C. Hespeaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but alsoFrench.
D. E-mail,as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.
三．对比用语：
on onehand ,on the other hand, on thecontrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless
A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand,it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear andvivid pictures.
B. It ishard work; I enjoy it though.
to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.
四. 递进用语：
even,besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…,worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse
A. Thehouse is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’smore/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.
五. 例证用语：
in one’sopinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact,in fact, namely
A. As a matter of fact, advertisement playsan informative role in our daily life．
B. Thereis one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question ofeducation.
六. 时序用语：
first/firstly,meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime,shortly after, nowadays,
A. Theywill be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.
B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.
七. 强调用语：
especially,indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,
A. Noiseis unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
B What inthe world/on earth are you doing?
八. 因果用语：
thanks to,because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of...,owe ...to...
A. Thecompany has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in exportsales.
B. As aresult, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.
九. 总结用语：
in short;briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known toall
speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.
B. Inshort, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.
英文论文答辩结尾
同学们设计好开场白的同时也要想好怎样结尾，给老师一个好的影响。
Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXX and my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.
The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahab’s Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick. I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but not least , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville’s art but of American nineteenth-centry fiction.
The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whose leg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg, he determined to revenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahab ultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsession with Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick, this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.
This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the Social Background and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents The Main Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze his characters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presents The Consequences of Ahab's Personality Tragedy.
OK, that's all. Thank you !
Questions :
1. 怎样运用理论去分析的
2. 针对你论文中的'某个商标翻译而考你噢，所以要熟悉你论文中作为例子的翻译
3. 什么是monomania(偏执狂)?
4. 白鲸记的象征意义有哪些
5. 亚哈船长为何复仇
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Zhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea
The whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductions on the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introduction to the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a brief
introduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the old man and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the third part, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practice it in my future. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingway and his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Such kind of spirit can
help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
That’s you!
英语论文答辩开场白（精选7篇）
在现在社会，许多人对开场白的掌握需求逐渐增多，开场白应该达到明确您的'意图，使目标愿意和您交流，允许您提出问题的目的。那么，开场白一般是怎么写的呢？以下是我帮大家整理的英语论文答辩开场白，欢迎大家分享。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole years hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, thats all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels addicts. For the above facts, I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper.
Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This times literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Good morning.
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.)
I am XXX. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor XXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is XXXXXXXXX.
The whole thesis consists of --- parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of ------. And the second part is going to analyze ----------.
In the third part, ---------will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about --------. Then the author will dig into the root causes of ------- in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal --------of ---------in the last part. Thank you!
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee am xsj and my supervisor is zy. With his sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Heavenly War and Earthly Conflict, an Insight into John Miltons Paradise Lost. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this story as one of texts in British and American literature Selections. Last but not least, I am keen on the study of human nature and the profound significance and instructions for us from John Milton. For the above facts, I select the Heavenly war and earthly conflict an insight into John Miltons Paradise Lost as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this great poem we can know more about this Literature masterpiece,and I also want to show my own understanding about it.
Next, here is an outline of my presentation and I devide my paper into four parts. Part one presents an introduction of John Milton and Paradise Lost. Part two introduces the main contents of the book of Paradise Lost. Part three gives my own analysis of major characters in Paradise Lost. Part four draws some conclusions by my careful reading and thinking.
OK, that is all. Thank you. Now you may raise your questions. I am ready.
Good morning.
all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
Welcome questions
我上次看答辩，学姐学长们说的都是论文の答弁ろんぶんのとうべん
我以前主持过全日语的辩论赛，但是没在下面答辩过。我了解的是：陈述阶段一般在3到5分钟。内容当然不能偏离你的观点。开头要说明你的观点，结尾也要说“因此我认为……是对的或”这样的话。答辩时语言要流利声音要洪亮，还有就是要带肢体语言。这个很重要，而且动作一定要自然，不然会给你一种在背诵的感觉。进场时一般说，皆さん、こんにちは、私は＊＊です、宜しくお愿いします出场时说：有难うございました祝你取得好成绩。
论文应该学校老师会通知你们的，你应该看看学校的要求，一般需要十分钟左右，8000字左右，但是老师不太看，会让你们事先写一个200字左右的纲要，你把那个背了，就可以了，学校的答辩应该不太难。别紧张，看别人说什么你们就说什么就可以了。
字数我就不知道了，但是得说5-10分钟吧~~至少~~说说你论文写的是什么就行了~~~一般都要求做PPT，就是你要说的东西的大纲~~开头就说：～～学院～～学科の～～と申します。私の论文のテーマは～～です。これからは、论文の内容について绍介していただきたいと思います。结尾说：以上です。ご清聴ありがとうございます。注意不要说：ありがとうございました。因为用ました的话会让老师觉得你答完辩就跟他拜拜了~~不礼貌。用ます的话会让对方觉得在此之后还会相互来往的感觉。不用注意太多~~~答辩大部分就是走个形式，老师不会跟你较真的~~老师提题目的时候，即使不会也不要傻站着，随便说点什么也可以，老师不会指望你说出多深奥，多专业的话的~~~~别太紧张~~~~我月初刚答完~~~~只要不跟老师较劲都能过~~~~