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Only 5 points, to translate such hard and long assignment. no way
摘要微生物质量的污水，由不同macrofiltration系统（压力砂滤器和盘式真空过滤机） ，作为前处理和膜技术（微滤和超滤）进行了评价，以确定其可能的应用作为替代消毒城市污水之前再利用。 microbiologicalquality确定参照线虫的鸡蛋含量，粪大肠菌群，大肠杆菌和somaticcoliphages 。病原线虫虫卵有效地保留了由macrofiltration系统。不过，由于othertypes线虫虫卵，目前在污水处理两个系统的可能性，这种感染agentsappearing后，这种类型的治疗，不能打折扣。膜技术证明，高效atretaining微有机体，实现了废水的优良微生物质量。然而，废水可以notbe列为无菌的，因为污染的渗透区，引起了在场的微生物。 thisresult令人怀疑的有效性，用粪大肠菌群指标，以评估微生物学质量的污水fromthese系统。两国间的分歧膜分离技术则对于病毒粒子retentioncapacity ，只有超滤模块，实现废水完全没有粪便污染 macrofiltration系统可能存在的问题时，用来作为前处理，以标准的消毒系统（ uvradiation ，无功氧化剂消毒） 。这些问题，不出现与膜分离技术，它提供avalid替代消毒城市污水之前再利用
Nanchang County Hospital sources of pollution and analysis of census results Jiangxi Agricultural University, environmental engineering, Zhang Ruyi Abstract: The main sources of pollution on China's first census of the background, purpose and significance, which focuses on the analysis of Nanchang County, two hospitals in the content of this census data, and were compared, thus can clearly see that the Nanchang County Hospital The impact on the environment, pollution sources to achieve the purpose of the census. Key words: sources census, wastewater emissions of medical waste, the source of life
What Environmental Disaster? We have developed a huge and thriving society; and in the process we deforest huge sections of land for living and livestock grazing. This decreases oxygen and increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; possibly adding to global warming though the greenhouse effect. This mass population produces mass amounts of waste, so to deal with that we just throw it into the ground, which in turn contaminates our water supply and contributes to further deforestation. We develop motorized transportation; and then burn non-renewable fossil fuels that put lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, ozone, excess carbon dioxide, and other harmful particulates into the atmosphere (Skjel & Whorton 95-108). This produces dangers like smog and cancer and contributes to global warming. In the production of fuel we exhaust oil reserves and pollute the oceans through spills from tankers. This endangers wilderness and wildlife. We produce an inert, easily producible propellant for aerosols; and then realize it's only inert on the ground. Once it's bombarded by UV ray in the upper atmosphere it releases a highly destructive ion that wreaks havoc on the protective ozone layer shielding us from those same deadly UV rays, creating a hole in the layer allowing the radiation through, increasing cancer and other genetic defects. We build rockets capable of going into space and breaking the earth's gravitational pull; and then immediately start to pollute this new environment with spent rockets and boosters along with other miscellaneous particles of debris (Curran and Haw 3). Michael Crichton writes, "What we call nature is a complex system of far greater subtlety than we are willing to accept. We make a simplified view of nature and then botch it all up. ...You have to understand what you don't understand. How many times must the point be made? How many times must we see the evidence? We build the Aswan Dam and claim it is going to revitalize the country. Instead, it destroys the fertile Nile Delta, produces parasitic infestation, and wrecks the Egyptian economy" (Jurassic Park 91). To the common person our current situation contains little hope. All the advancement and improvements have done little to further our species. With each one has come a new environmental issue. You almost need to evaluate each situation in terms of positives and negatives. However, at the root of all this chaos you'll find anthropocentrism, a human centered way of thinking. This way of thinking as an attitude, and moral theory, centers on humans as the highest of the significant beings. The theory views nature and the environment in terms of their use value for humans only (Michaels 7). So all of the above developments with costs can be justified through their usefulness for humans. The human centered ethic is deeply rooted in the past through the ancient Greek and Roman societies. To pursue further development based on this ethic would be disastrous. With our current numbers of population and rate of growth we're just asking for an environmental catastrophe of the highest magnitude to act as a wake up call. Granted that a great deal of the population realizes that unless action is taken today then we'll have to face that disaster tomorrow. The principle question is how to go about alleviating and repairing the damage we've already caused. We also need to address how to prevent doing further damage for the sake of future generations. The only problem with this view is that it is still a human centered ethic. It still sees the environment as a thing to be utilized by humans for their own pleasure. It doesn't do enough. The problems aren't getting fixed. Better ways of doing things are being researched, but the underlying problem is not receiving any attention. So the environmental downward spiral is only slowed down and is not fixed. We've still got the same problems. To take the conservationist attitude further you would see all sentient beings as holding moral standing and due consideration. This includes most of the animals in the world; any animal capable of experiencing pleasure and pain. Through these experiences you form the basis for the extended moral theory. If the animals perish through their habitat's destruction or outside influences, then their future pleasures will no longer be. When you take into account whole societies and communities of animals then the added value to the environment increases exponentially as you combine their happiness with the happiness never experienced by their future generations (Singer 275-276). So by taking this viewpoint you place even more intrinsic value on the environment through the experiences of all sentient animals involved. But at a time when our behavior may well lead us to extinction, I see no reason to assume that we have any awareness at all. We are stubborn, self-destructive conformists. Any other view of our species is just a self-congratulatory delusion" (The Lost World 7-8). Granted this does not present a case for sentience on the basis of pain vs. pleasure, but it does present an interesting way to think about classifying sentience. So you can see drawing the cut off line for even lower animals could present considerable challenges. You have trouble reaching an adequate definition of "sentient." You are now facing how much awareness a creature has to perceive pain and pleasure along with joy from anticipation of future events to consider it morally significant. If a cat is significant, but not a fish, what makes the cat a moral patient while the fish is not? Where is there a difference? There is a problem of arbitrarily assigning moral value when actual feelings and emotions are beyond description. To go a step further away from human sentience you would hold all living thing to be of moral value. This would then bring plants and non-sentient animals into the picture. This view holds life as the ultimate intrinsic value. Beings have moral value in just being alive. So life is viewed as an intrinsic good, and no verifying pleasures or pains being experienced are needed to allot this worth. Anything living is held with a reverence for that life (Singer 277-278). 2】The Environmental Revolution - We Can Make a Difference! Since the first time having blown bubbles in my Open Water class, I've logged over 100 dives. This love for diving has evolved into an intense passion towards protecting the ocean, and all of its inhabitants. I've chosen to put my love for the ocean into action, as an environmentalist. Actually, this passion extends out towards efforts that look to help all the planetary domains gain protection. As such, I appreciate when others take the time educate me on those other realms for which I know less about. To be an environmentalist, one must choose the cause which resonates within ones sole, and run with it. One must be willing to educate people about the environment while being open to education from those people who support other causes. Together we can help each other towards learning how to become a true "Environmentalist". We must all encourage positive collaboration and education as opposed to being against something. For example, sharks are being decimated to near extinction simply for their fins. The fins are used to make Shark Fin soup, a delicacy popular particularly in Taiwan and Singapore. It would be easy to blame these communities for creating the demand. However, in conversing with Asian environmentalists, they liken the culture around eating Shark Fin soup to the culture surrounding Americans eating turkey for Thanksgiving dinner. There are ongoing efforts to educate these people, by members of their own community, on just how dangerous this cultural practice is and the devastating impact this could have on their (our) world if all the sharks were to disappear as a result. Environmentalists everywhere are making a difference! Famous restaurants have taken endangered Swordfish off their menus, these same restaurants are buying wild-caught salmon (and boosting the economy of local fisheries in the process), laundromats have started selling green detergent, this just to name a few of these enlightened changes. This is how the "Environmentalist" can begin the revolution. Just find something you believe in and make a stand. One by one, we can make our planet a cleaner place to live, steeped in healthy bio-diversity for generations to come. 3Giving 1% to Protect Our Environment Though most of the world's surface is covered by water, since the Earth is so large relative to human horizons, there doesn't appear to be a shortage of land. However, when one begins to think of land in terms of a human resource, ., a producer of food, a provider of wood, an expanse for passage, one realizes that many portions are either too lacking in nutrients, too high in elevation, too prone to flooding, or too cold or ice-ridden for extensive use. Furthermore, habitable lands are becoming less abundant due to desertification (the expansion of deserts due to the misuse of land), agricultural expansions and rising sea levels. Since humans aren't the only species that need land, it isn't surprising that this resource is becoming limited for other forms of life too. In part as a result of this added stress on living things, we are also witnessing extinctions of grand proportions-at a rate of many thousands species per year. Since these losses are largely due to human actions, such as deforestation and non-native species introduction, many are beginning to pay attention to how we use and protect land. Recent ecological research has also recently provided a message of hope concerning the future well-being of life on this planet. In the world today, scientists estimate that the Earth is losing at least 1 percent of species every ten years, and the percentage loss may be close to 5 percent. Even if only the lower rate persists, the Earth will have lost near half of its biological diversity by 2070. Can this be possible? Many esteemed scientists think so. While the future appears bleak, several recent insights tell us that we have the potential to significantly reduce what amounts to a biotic holocaust, one not witnessed on Earth for over 60,000,000 years. While there are hopeful signs in the area of human activities (such as increased acreage of nature preserves and national parks), the hope of which I speak of here stems from specific characteristics of the other forms of life which may enable us to mutually coexist in the long term. The Earth's organisms are wonderfully varied in size, shape, function, behavior, and genetic code. One only need to consider that there are ~ 15,000 species of butterflies and ~50,000 species of mushrooms worldwide to begin to fathom the immensity of variety that this planet has. Yet, as different as the species come, the bulk of living things are also similar in a couple of very important ways. Most living things live in relatively small regions and do not travel far from where they or their parents were born. In fact, recent biological and ecological work has determined that most land species are very particular about where they live. As opposed to humans whose choice of home is largely driven by economic and political forces (mobility driven by availability of wealth or forced relocation), flora and fauna find themselves in locations for which they are adapted. We now know that many species of insects and plants have a very restricted range in which they found. Very few organisms are ubiquitous like we are. It goes without saying that you aren't going to find a Great Blue Heron or a Grizzly visiting Antarctica or climbing Mt. Everest; yet you might find the snow bear (recently discovered and previously known as the Abominable Snowman) doing the latter. Recognizing that most living things are rather localized during their lifetimes has profound implications, both hopeful and cautious. On the one hand, it suggests that we can learn a lot about species by parking our scientific minds in specific locations. On the other hand, it means that if we destroy even small areas of the globe we are likely causing great and even irreversible destruction to the species that are found there. We have also determined that there are specific locations on our planet where a disproportionate number of species live. For our species, Asia serves as the homeland for most. In fact more than 60 percent of humans lives on this largest of continents (which only makes up 24 percent of the land surface on the planet). With other life forms, geographic concentrations sometimes defy description. We only recently became aware that the vast majority of terrestrial (as distinguished from oceanic or riparian) species collectively live on just 1 percent of the Earth's land surface. (If humans lived at a comparable concentration level, we'd all have to cluster together in an area roughly the size of Antarctica or twice that of Australia.) This mind-blowing realization has prompted those that have been struggling to protect organisms a new way of thinking about such protection. They have concluded that if we humans could somehow find a way to avoid disturbing just 1-2 percent of the land surface, nearly 70 percent of the world's terrestrial species might be able to survive. Recently some conservationists have refocused their attention on these unique locations. The regions of the globe that contain such a splendid array of biological diversity have been named "hot spots," a name that communicates their critical status. In what has to be the most beautiful books I have seen, Hotspots represents the collective work of scientists Russ and Cristina Mittermeier and Norman Myers as well as photographer Patricio Robles Gil. In this oversized volume, these four scholars have assembled more than three hundred vivid photographs of some of the world's endangered species and threatened ecosystems. These absolutely breath-taking images come from the what they refer to as "the 25 most critically important regions" in the world. These regions originally constituted almost 12 percent of the world's land surface but now, due to human pressure at many levels, only a little more than 1 percent remains intact. What makes these locations, which are found on all continents except Antarctica, so "hot" is that they are home to hordes of the Earth's plants and animals and they face imminent danger from a variety of human activities. The Hotshot authors and others strongly believe that the global community can do wonders if these areas move to the top of our priority list. But what will have to happen for these spots to be protected? There are no simple answers to this central question. Unfortunately, those of us in the United States who have the luxury of time to even ponder such questions, face many obvious difficulties. First, nearly all of the hotspots are located outside of our territorial boundaries, exceptions being the forests of Oregon and California as well as portions of Southern Florida (namely the Keys and the Everglades). Key hotspots are found in New Zealand, Madagascar, and Indonesia as well as the continental parts of south-east Asia. Obviously we cannot expect that we will be able to force other countries to enact and enforce laws that will greatly reduce biological degradation. Yet, while many other countries have ratified the Biodiversity Treaty that was drafted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, it has never reached the floors of the . Congress for a vote; Canada, Japan, and the European Union are among those to ratify it. By this inaction our nation apparently lacks the wherewithal to support global conservation efforts as a matter of principle. However, given that the wealthy nations in concert with international banks promote unsustainable extraction of resources in the world's developing countries, it would appear that we have an obligation to do so. If our national policy makers are unwilling to commit themselves to the protection of global ecosystems and species, we still have ourselves to look to for sources of positive change. All of us have tremendous purchasing power, especially in comparison to the majority of the other human residents on this planet; Barry Bearak, a Pulitzer Prize-winner journalist who recently spoke at Knox College's convocation, referred to the residents of the United States as "filthy rich," a conclusion he came to after spending a great deal of time in the poorer regions of the world, particularly Afghanistan and India. What we buy makes a difference. The environmental campaign to support shade coffee rather than sun coffee is just one of many attempts for the consumer to support sustainable practices in regions of great ecological diversity. According to the Northwest Shad Coffee Campaign, shade coffee agricultural allows for the extraction of a desired resource but at the same time allows between 3-8 times as many birds species to persist not to mention many more mid-size mammals as well as amphibians and beetles. Coffee is also a particularly important commodity in terms of the health of ecological systems because the countries that produce the bulk of it are precisely the same countries that are home to the majority of the world's species; the countries of Brazil, Bolivia, Indonesia, Vietnam collectively produce ~40 percent of the 17 billion pounds of coffee that are harvested each year (folks, that's more than 3 pounds per person!). Burdensome debts also force many developing countries to endlessly delay infrastructure investment. Debt-for-nature swaps, an idea proposed by Dr. Thomas Lovejoy of the World Wildlife Federation in the mid-1980s, have enabled poor countries to relieve foreign debt and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to increase commitment to conservation programs both at the same time. In these swaps, NGOs pay off a poor country's debt to a bank or well-to-do country at greatly reduced costs in order to establish agreements for investment in national parks, for example. While not a cure-all, these efforts have begun the paradigm shift from unabated expansion and unhealthy extraction to one supportive of saving natural ecosystems and securing the health and welfare of all human populations. Threats to these locations represent massive scale intrusions taken by societies found on every continent. Unfortunately, there is so much that will be lost if these "special" places aren't quickly protected from future degradation. On the bright side though, so much of the world's genetic diversity lives in just a couple handfuls of "hotspots" that if these locations were saved hordes of species would be able to persist into the next millennium. The time is now to respond to this fairly recent observation and insight. It is time for the world to begin to act like a civilized 21st Century society. It is incumbent upon us, those with time and wealth, to maintain the momentum that others have started. The masses of life forms are relying on us to make the best attempt at this daunting yet critical task. Hopefully our species will be sensible enough to leave at least 1 percent of land alone, so that other life forms may continue to exist. Do we need all 100 percent? 写不下了，如果觉得不够，邮箱可否留一下，我继续补充
（最好）不要某宝，不要个人，一定要选一个正规的润色机构——服务有保障，有售后，北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 终身满意。
外文翻译是你上网上查询一篇文章，和你的设计题目相似的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，这就是外文翻译，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。 文献综述一般就是把你所用到的资料都一一介绍一下，不要很具体，因为论文是文献综述的具体介绍，文献综述中还包括一些与设计题目有关的现实描述。
自然和科学两个免费的文学呢！ ！您的图书馆也可能是多啊，还有，你应该有一个专业的外国文学！ ！ 一些外文网站，但我一直没能降低我的老师说要免费的！ ！ MPMI，植物病理学，植物病害，PNAS，科学1，细胞的公共图书馆，
去中国知网看看
财系统的设计与实现的外文翻译和文献综 肯定知道
翻译 ：老师出的？ 很难的。要知道要写翻译程式，必须写一下几个子程式： 词法分析->语法分析->语言优化. 你必须深入理解 汉语和 英语的语法. 根本不用去做,应为这是专业人员写的
文献综述就是用资料，只不多有一个比较固定的格式。 主要是，关于你的论文主题，国内外学者提出多点看法和主张。某某学者在某某文章中，就你的论文主题，提出看法认为如何如何 都是这样的语句，写出来就ok了。需要大概七八篇文章的论述，最好是高阶的人物写的文章，发表在高阶期刊上的。 知网搜寻文章，搜出来的文章，看看摘要就能写进综述里了，不用下载，中国知网，自己搜寻 合适采纳啊 外文翻译，如果学校图书馆上网有购买国外资料库，例如springerlink或者sci的，可以资料库找 如果没在学校可以谷歌学术搜寻相关英文关键词
涉及论文上的翻译可以在相应的翻译机构中完成即可。例如翻译达人，也是不错的选择，涉及的业务广而语种多，适合每种需求的客户
既然叫做外文文献综述，那就是根据相关课题的研究进展的相关文献（包括中文，英文）进行英文书写综述，若果只是要求中文文献综述，那也可以找一篇相关外文综述进行翻译。 望采纳，谢谢楼主
推荐你到 三七毕业设计网看看 真的不错~他们那里有专门的文献综述专区，参考一下肯定能搞定
1.确定自己的毕业课题方向；2.了解自己学校翻译要求，比如说字数、格式、对参考考文献是否要翻译等等；3.找好相关的英文原文，估计一下，比如要翻5000字，则英文原文不加图要4页左右；4.配好专业词汇软件和GOOGLE翻译，这两者会帮上大忙的，前者对一些专业词汇独到，后者可以让你对译文有个初步了解；5.注意语句通顺，还有就是有些要意译，不然就会很别扭；6.对于文中的公式最好用MATHTYPE编辑或者用WORD里的公式编辑器编辑，图片可以不用自己重新画，截过来在画图板里把要改的英文改成中文，其他工具也行，如果有严格要求就要用VISIO画了，对于图表，最好自己重新画；7.因为有些图式粘过来的，所以编辑格式的时候要注意；8.对参考文献的翻译：作者姓名可不用翻译，后面的基本都要翻译。希望对你能有所帮助。
外文翻译,通常指的是本科毕业前毕业论文中的一项工作。外文翻译,通常指的是本科毕业前毕业论文中的一项工作。需要学生找一篇与毕业论文方向相似的英文文献。
质量的石灰石吸附剂可以用于过程和因此,重要的是,来测量这些材料的反应性。不同的吸湿性的测量参数是影响反应活性,如化学成分、特定的表面,或粒径分布函数,可提供定性信息的反应活性。如果吸收剂的反应性浆时测量气体二氧化硫直接,都在液体中气体扩散过程和复杂的表面动力学考虑当造型吸收过程。而不是气态二氧化硫、强如硫酸、H2SO酸,,,,,,,或盐酸、盐酸,都可以使用。在这种情况下的溶解速度吸附剂在酸性环境是直接测量。使用时,如果强酸反应机理是接近,在潮湿的空气氧化法烟气脱硫我厂配备的bisulfite离子。如果吸收剂泥浆样品烧杯搅拌是藉由强酸、溶出率能够确定的吸附剂转化为通过测量时间的函数在恒定pH值。的溶出率是一个函数的粒子直径;一种细颗粒物料的反应速度比一个粗糙的一个。这也是一种功能的吸附剂的化学成分。例如,毫克(白云岩)明显地降低反应活性。多数方法用于工业实验室最近的数字,它是给反应强烈依赖于pH的颗粒大小、反应器体积。对几种不同类型的脱硫反应速率与石灰石中和法测量强、弱酸在恒定和不同pH值,提出Stumpf孙俐。(1984)。
环境工程类的英文文献我有资料，可以给你，
你留个邮箱吧，我发你，接受了记得采纳我
摘要微生物质量的污水，由不同macrofiltration系统（压力砂滤器和盘式真空过滤机） ，作为前处理和膜技术（微滤和超滤）进行了评价，以确定其可能的应用作为替代消毒城市污水之前再利用。 microbiologicalquality确定参照线虫的鸡蛋含量，粪大肠菌群，大肠杆菌和somaticcoliphages 。病原线虫虫卵有效地保留了由macrofiltration系统。不过，由于othertypes线虫虫卵，目前在污水处理两个系统的可能性，这种感染agentsappearing后，这种类型的治疗，不能打折扣。膜技术证明，高效atretaining微有机体，实现了废水的优良微生物质量。然而，废水可以notbe列为无菌的，因为污染的渗透区，引起了在场的微生物。 thisresult令人怀疑的有效性，用粪大肠菌群指标，以评估微生物学质量的污水fromthese系统。两国间的分歧膜分离技术则对于病毒粒子retentioncapacity ，只有超滤模块，实现废水完全没有粪便污染 macrofiltration系统可能存在的问题时，用来作为前处理，以标准的消毒系统（ uvradiation ，无功氧化剂消毒） 。这些问题，不出现与膜分离技术，它提供avalid替代消毒城市污水之前再利用
要自己动手，才能丰衣足食啊，呵呵
你留个邮箱吧，我发你，接受了记得采纳我
Nanchang County Hospital sources of pollution and analysis of census results Jiangxi Agricultural University, environmental engineering, Zhang Ruyi Abstract: The main sources of pollution on China's first census of the background, purpose and significance, which focuses on the analysis of Nanchang County, two hospitals in the content of this census data, and were compared, thus can clearly see that the Nanchang County Hospital The impact on the environment, pollution sources to achieve the purpose of the census. Key words: sources census, wastewater emissions of medical waste, the source of life
Only 5 points, to translate such hard and long assignment. no way
例如,简支梁桥的无花果。29(a) 为代表的集 53页 模型的无花果。29(b)。所有的结构有一定数量的固有频率,他们倾向于 震动。如果桥的兴奋,无花果。29风,我们甚至振动是其中之一 频率,如如图)。这个结构的形状在这样的振动 众所周知的振型。 在最简单的形式的动态分析,激励的桥是不真实的 认为,只有一阶固有频率和振型。如果它能 显示的频率接近大桥并不是所有的预期的频率 来源的激励,有可能不需要进一步的动态分析。常见的形式 激励是汽车振动、风、跑步或步行的行人。甚至当 频率并不是亲密,也经常对道路桥梁交通,而兴奋不已 突然间载荷产生显著的压力大于一个静态的应用。 然而,相当于中指定的静力荷载守则考虑这件事 现象和合并一个动态扩增的因素。动态扩增即可 同样的,由于实际应力对应的静载荷。 如果激振力频率接近人的自然频率桥,进一步探讨的问题 分析了动态扩增以确定在一个“被迫” 振动的分析。在这样的一个分析、之间的互动关系 29 Idealisation梁的。对动态分析:(一)原梁;(2)集中质量模型 图模态的简支梁:(一)典型的第一振型;(2)典型的第二 振型 54页 这座桥是应用负荷和考虑。在道路交通,应用 一辆卡车装载是可观的质量、振动对他们自己的轮胎和停赛。 另外,卡车正在移动位置的群众都随时间的变化。 这样的分析是目前唯一可能有专门的计算机程序 将复杂的卡车摇摆运动和变化的跳跃 卡车动态特性可预期在典型的交通。 在部分的影响,设计为的车辆撞击桥梁进行了讨论。, 这种情况下,起草框架梁柱端指定一个等价静力。作为替代,代码 允许进行动态分析。在这种情况下,相当于力量 假定从零到它的全部增加价值超过一个很短的时间里(测量 毫秒)和保持恒定值为进一步的短时间内(顺序的200 ms)。 这样会轻易地指定的计算机模型和最大的分布规律 压力所决定的。
26动态效果 可问题振动的固有频率纤细的桥梁,是在一个水平 可以兴奋风或交通。这种可能性会调查的一种方法 动态分析。在动态、质量有重要影响的结构的响应 对某一特定的负载和计算机模型必须将代表了大众以及 刚度。这通常是由“次级”分布质量的一座桥梁在一个有限的 节点。
Design this whether bridge design tentatively, combine one bridge concrete topography of location mainly, conditions such as geology, hydrology,etc. carry on conceptual design, I draft three kinds of bridge bridge type schemes: The single cantilever beam joins the sectional arched bridge, continuous beam bridges of section such as the concrete of prestressing force,etc., the concrete of prestressing force is turned into the section continuous beam bridge. Its pluses and minuses and economic indicator, choose the second finally through comparative analysis, three scheme as scheme of working out, draft its detail size, work out its project budgetary estimate, recommend the third kind of scheme as the optimum scheme of recommending finally.
例如 ：肌腱不断预应力武力三是跨度桥梁后张使用了5抛物线对称配置文件，其中一半说明了图。 2月15日（一） 。这是必须确定相当于载入中由于预应力假设预应力力量是永恒的整个长度的桥梁。 强度载入中发现由方程（ ） 。第一抛物线： 60页图。 剖面为例 ： （一）部分海拔显示部分的抛物线; （二） 相当于载入中由于预应力同样，强度负荷在第二次和第三次抛物线分别是： 和负载点结束时，支持的垂直部分预应力生效。 鉴别抛物线方程给出了斜坡，从部队被发现是： 所有的等效负载由于预应力的说明图。 2月15日（ b ）项。核实这些部队在平衡可能是一个有用的检查计算。 请注意，在选择配置文件，已确保了抛物线的切线一另一点在那里见面。这是必要的，以确保不肌腱产生集中力量在这些点。