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The work of the protagonist Oliver is an orphan, and grew up in the courtyard of the poor relief, others have been subject to discrimination. Because the extremely ill-treatment and fled to London, into Zeiwo, called by the beating, growing up, I do not know how much to eat suffered. While growing up in such an environment, but there is a Buddha Orie good heart, no matter by how much pain he did not want to do bad things is the greatest determination. He was Shouen people will never forget can not thank the benefactor. Although he is subject to a number of well-intentioned people and the sympathy of the adoption, such as Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri wife, but the thieves, the group still did not miss him, and his half-brother also wish to kill him. Oliver's fate is tragic, but he's also been well-intentioned people to help identify his life, and the heritage. He has been the fate of the final change is expected to become a useful person to society. This works in Orie wrote at the beginning of the Buddha in relief of the poor house, in Charles Dickens described the living conditions of the poor house when a very ironic way: "Every child has a bowl of thin gruel, and that can not be increased only once To important public holiday, with the exception of a bowl of porridge outside in order to increase two and a quarter ounces of bread. They do not need to eat the Zhou Wan never wash, the children always scraping bowl of the spoon sauce residue has been driven Zeng Ming-Liang Shuo bowl. Scraping bowl of the matter is completed, they sit there and stare at large Tongguo helplessly, as if they are able to block a piece of brick stoves have to swallow it. This is a heinous and Tian Zhao They also own and finger , Ba Wangzhe a splash a few drops from child star to porridge. "Can be seen from the lives of those orphans how poverty, hunger throughout the day in the state, and no hope of Tianzhao his little finger, Bawang Zhao splash over the Congee child stars. One can imagine the children's life is very tragic, and Orie on the Buddha in such an environment. It is in the form of novels by Dickens to reflect the dark reality of the society and capitalist society under the lives of people of how poverty, poor life as works written by the same. Charles, known as the Victorian age eyes, because the novel in the form of the observed things with the novel in the form of re-emerged. That is why this works is the content of the true reflection of society at that time, and I think that the author describes the relief of the poor orphans living with a very vivid image of the language, a sharp way to expose the community The dark. Dickens wrote in the book a few years ago, the British Parliament adopted a new method of relief, cancellation of poor relief, but the poor directly to the port to house the poor relief. Dickens described the relief of the poor house at the time of poor relief is a true portrayal of the hospital. Poor relief in the hospital in no democracy, no freedom, only to be abused, hungry cold, a Mianhuangjishou months, fell to the ground at all times as likely to die, and the Diocese of those officers, those who Explorer, but eat a fat Head of the brain fertilizer, the full spirit. Dickens works in the hospital for the poor relief vivid description is a reflection of social problems. Some people think Charles Dickens's works this is a serious literary works, it works because it made a deep social problems, social development and progress is of great historical significance. In this work successfully in Dickens depicts a series of characters, such as the Diocese of General bampur, thieves old man and head of the Jewish charity school students Noah, the bandit Powu Monks, and so on. Did not have to portray a lifelike, life-like image. However, the most successful works portray the character or the protagonist Oliver and the woman stole Nancy. Oliver was born with a moral people, know how to map Temple has been reported. He ate a lot a lot of suffering, but in the end, finally met a good man. Whether Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri, or his wife or Miss Meri, Orie Fodu treated as ordinary family, even though he is a "thief" who are sympathetic to him, his adoption, and that he receive a good education, and finally get Qing his life, his legacy fight back. Oliver described the events of all, I admire the most is the sixth chapter say when he was struggling to resist mocking the incident, as the authors put it, "On the surface I have described is not so small Important, but in fact he was Oliver's future development and are indirectly affected, and has had a major change. "Oliver in the poor house while growing up, there will be no freedom itself, to be disposal, but he A very strong self-esteem, Noah in the face of personal attacks, he was extremely excited. Noah and because of Oliver's mother died of a vicious insult to his indignation, blood boiling. "He immediately jumped up, an overturned the tables and chairs, and then Noah caught the pipe, to exhaust the body's effort to shake in fury of Noah, Noah has been a bit of teeth chattered issue of noise, and then He gathered together a whole body of Noah's efforts to blow hard, straight knocked him to the ground. "Oliver reaction puzzled me, common sense, he has been a quiet, modest, though by non - Who has abused a dejected from the juvenile Gan unlucky, but at the moment cohesion of the whole body strength Noah beat. What is the strength of his courage to make such a decision, perhaps it should not be "decided" it, a strong sense of anger so that he has lost his reason, he does not allow other people to his mother in the slightest insulting. While Oliver's mother, his memory, the memory never know his mother look like. However, the mother has been accompanied by a sense of respect for him. So, when Noah insult his mother, Oliver showed no emotion before. The incident was the result of Oliver was beaten up and detained. Charles Dickens wrote in the details below, not only for paving the way, but also a deeper portrait of the heroine works Oliver's image, in order to safeguard the dignity of the mother, just go ahead Many scholars think that works in a portrait of the most successful characters is Nancy, while Oliver to work for the main character, but from the social psychology and psychoanalysis point of view, the role of Nancy greater practical significance. Nancy is a psychological complex young women, from childhood growing up in the Group of thieves, no one knew her life, she entered the post-Zeiwo did not have any good people, of course, the final Bulang Lu also met with President Lennart Meri and Miss But then it was too late. Finally, her tragic death at the hands of the bandits Sykes, her fate is tragic, as in the real world into a triad of orphans after the end of the same. Nancy seen through the group of thieves all the ugly things, that her aversion treacherous, vicious, ruthless cruelty, inhuman things, but she is also the Group of thieves have a certain feeling, and want to leave. She has sympathy for Oliver, as for their treatment as his younger brother, in times of crisis to disregard their own safety to come forward and saved him, but he will have to personally Oliver thieves onto the road. She envied culture and education, the warmth of the family women, but because of her own humble status Yingshang Qu dare not, dare not wish for such a happy life. She is the heart of the conflict, when Bulang Lu and President Lennart Meri Miss advised her to leave the Group of thieves over a new leaf, she refused their offers of help, although she had a yearning for this kind of life. Nancy contradictions from her in to see if the original: "I do not want to do it! I do not want to do it! Though he is the devil, and he even told me yet more vicious than the devil, but I do not want to do ... then another ... One reason is that his life of crime is life, I am also live in sin, we are together for many years to live such a life, so I can not betray them, not to mention some of them may have betrayed me, but They did not sell out, even though they are bad people. "Her inner conflict is real, in line with the general psychological normal. There are a lot of female juvenile offenders, once on the wrong may be similar to that of Nancy ideological contradictions: both want to leave the crime associates also want to leave. Although Nancy Sykes hated doing, but he can not do without, it was of the view that Nancy is not reasonable, but in any case, her actions are all true. Psychological and ideological problems is in itself a complex issue as it is not possible to use simple methods can be resolved. Nancy Oliver, and this is the work of the two most representative figure, which is undeniable. Dickens portrayed in these two figures also spent a wonderful way. However, I would like to talk about is the image of another person Monks. Monks is Oliver's half-brother, who was extremely cruel, to be his brother's property destroyed at the expense of their own younger brother. I think Charles Monks at the describing the act when a clever arrangement. Monks and the role is a reflection of society at that time some of the children of the nobility EXILE. Monks is a smart, he knows how to ease access to his brother's property. Monks at the Dickens portrayed the characters can be on step-by-step. First of all, Monks is to look at the class when Mr. Bull appeared, the first author of the text did not mention him, so I read in class, Mr. Bull to meet the guests unfamiliar with the plot, on intuition told me that this works The plot will reach another climax. The mysterious people coming out, is scheduled to have a good, but I did not expect this so-called mystery is who would be Oliver's brother, but did not expect the paper after he had played such an important role. Charles gave the Monks "smart" in mind, set up a seamless clothing plans, and the Monks in the implementation of this plan are not thieves with Lin Yu co-leader of the Jewish old man, can be called up for the purpose of the unscrupulous. Finally, the plan is brought to light, Monks also ended in defeat. I think the Charles Oliver's brother wrote a greedy, ruthless, shameless, on the one hand, the work can culminate in the story, on the other hand, fully demonstrated the reality of society in order to achieve the purpose of the fire regardless of the tragic family Phenomenon. The author of this sharp touch of irony at the time the fire agency, while at the same time want to wake up those sad people, they wake up the conscience and consciousness, to awaken the consciousness of all the people. After reading the novel, I was not quiet for a long time. Oliver is a strong, kind-hearted, intelligent and brave and innocent boy, but experienced a difficult life, the ultimate storm, ushered in a happy life. And we are now living in the honey tank in Waterloo-fu, has often complained that always satisfied. But we have thought about, there are many poor children, are faced with the loss of loved ones, vagrancy of life, perhaps in the face of dropping out of school and the plight of the hungry. They are filled with love of life, looking forward to a bright classrooms, a yearning for delicious food or warm clothing. In the face of these eager children live in poverty, we can turn a blind eye to it? Can not stand idly by? When I read Dickens to write about the lives of the poor orphan house, my mind flashed always saw on television pictures of refugees in Africa. The old social life of the poor are poor, hungry cold it is not unusual things, and in the 21st century, in this era of civilization, hunger, fear, the cold remains. In that Oliver had been abused, beaten by the circumstances, and when I do not think of the often seen in the streets and show those begging children. These shabby heard that the children into a gang is organized, whether it be money or show has been begging for money, hard or stolen money, but also turned over to their "head." This is the civilized society? The fate of the children, their lives, and works of Charles Dickens orphan Oliver's life, what difference does? Oliver is lucky, good people can encounter. But in reality those organizations into the unknown children, their fate will be how well-intentioned people can encounter it? I do not think so, they may be ending as it works in Nancy, or died of starvation and disease. This is the so-called civilized society, the inevitable result. The more social progress, the more human civilization, and those bad elements are, the more furious, and unfortunately into the hands of their children, the more tragic fate. Therefore, we need love to help those in the midst of the people to help them out, ushering in a happy life. The works I think of many real-life scenarios, I touch on a lot. Now, I'd like to go back to Dickens's art and writing in order to charm. Dickens is the Victorian representative of the critical realism, written in the book when he was a youth, when he hopes to use his novel of social reform, but his community is not enough understanding of the profound, at the time of the ruling class also With the hope of a better place. In this work also reflects his idea. Under normal circumstances, the best realism in the novel, the story is often in a specific environment under the action of the history of the development of character, that is, Gorky said "some kind of character typical of the history and composition of growth." However, Charles Dickens, his informal set of any cell, the number of coincidence want to arrange the number of coincidence. If Oliver for the first time with the thieves took to the streets to be out of pocket, he is a friend of his late father before his death, Mr. Bulang Lu; thieves in his second head hostage Sikes under the burglary of the stolen happens to be his pro-aunt Ruth Merritt family; Also, due to his messenger haste to go and hit those who have the means哥哥蒙克斯him, and the Monks are let in the collision, he is looking for his brother. This is a series of coincidence in the sense just can not be justified in any case, however, Dickens's own rich imagination and clever idea, in the specific circumstances described in the breath of life and full of passion, so that readers can not breathe when reading a tension , That would have been far-fetched, unnatural circumstances has no choice but to believe, and have a great interest in this, can not wait to read down. This is the art of Dickens World charm. In addition, from a political perspective, this work made orphans of the social status of this very real problem, and, as well as the issue directly related to the issue of the quality of officials, community organizations, as well as a number of law in all sectors of the people's psychological tendencies And a long mental illness issues. Dickens has pointed out that one of these problems, but he thought of a way to solve these problems is not realistic. This is because the youth of his community not to understand the profound. With his wealth of experience of society, the society is also a deeper understanding of his ideas are slowly maturing, which, in his later works will be able to be reflected. Charles to use his vast and profound language to give the reader sometimes laughing, sometimes knowing smile, they are sometimes shed tears of laughter or pain and numbness of helpless laughter. However, no matter what kind of laughter, given all the capitalist society of endless irony.
小说描写了善与恶、美与丑、正义与邪恶的斗争，赞扬了人们天性中的正直和善良，也揭露抨击了当时英国慈善机构的虚伪和治安警察的专横。同时，作品又带有浓厚的浪漫主义情调，充满着人道主义情怀。
小说描写了善与恶、美与丑、正义与邪恶的斗争，赞扬了人们天性中的正直和善良，也揭露抨击了当时英国慈善机构的虚伪和治安警察的专横。同时，作品又带有浓厚的浪漫主义情调，充满着人道主义情怀。 狄更斯在小说中无情地揭露和鞭挞了资本主义社会的黑暗和虚伪。1838年和1839年，他发表了《雾都孤儿》和《尼古拉斯·尼可贝》，描写了资本主义社会穷苦儿童的悲惨生活，揭露了贫民救济所和学校教育的黑暗。狄更斯是英国最伟大的小说家之一，英国现实主义文学的杰出代表，对世界文学有巨大的影响。 《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉•荷加斯（William Hogarth,1697一1764）的榜样，勇敢地直面人生，真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。
作者抱着一个崇高的道德意图：抗议社会的不公，并唤起社会舆论，推行改革，使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助，真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。
论文选题是按一定价值标准或条件对可供选择的课题进行评价和比较并对研究方向、目标、领域和范围作出抉择的过程，是决定论文内容和价值的关键环节。那英语专业的硕士论文题目有哪些呢?下面我给大家带来2021英语专业的硕士论文题目有哪些，希望能帮助到大家!
英语专业硕士论文题目
1、论 英语阅读 教学对写作的影响及教学启示
2、论英语幽默语言的汉译策略
3、论 英语学习 的情感因素
4、从词汇学的角度论英语新词
5、论英语教学中的积极情感互动
6、论英语 广告 中的语法隐喻
7、论英语教学中高中生跨 文化 意识的培养和跨文化交际能力的提高
8、论英语学习和英语教学中的情感因素
9、论英语背诵教学的有效性
10、论英语教学与英语专业学生的批判性思维
11、论英语专有名词汉译的一般策略
12、论英语新闻中中国特色词汇的英译策略
13、论英语在初级对美汉语教学中的使用
14、论 英语听力 教学中存在的问题及改进的建议
15、论英语新闻标题中语用预设的作用
16、论英语专有名词汉译的一般策略
17、论英语科技论文修辞诉求
18、论英语影视字幕中修辞的汉译
19、论英语课程教材评估
20、论英语双基教学
21、论英语电影的字幕与配音翻译
22、论英语习语及其在中学英语教学中的作用
23、论英语学习和英语教学中的情感因素
24、论英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养
25、论英语专业学生翻译能力的培养
26、论英语专业学生对外教口语课课堂活动的期望和感知
27、论英语游戏性教学在语文教学中的移用
28、论英语课程的文化品格
29、课程与教学论(英语)专业研究生课程现状调查及策略研究
30、从语域理论角度论英语新闻标题的翻译
31、论英语无灵主语句的汉译
32、论英语在初级对美汉语教学中的使用
33、论英语 句子 平衡及其对翻译的意义
34、论英语阅读教学对写作的影响及教学启示
35、论英语幽默语言的汉译策略
36、论英语 俚语 汉译
37、论英语中情态和否定的相互关系
38、再现幽默——论英语言语幽默另类中译策略
39、从交际翻译和语义翻译的角度论英语新闻标题的翻译
40、论英语 儿童 文学的汉译
41、论英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养
42、从交际和语义翻译角度论英语新闻导语的汉译
43、论英语缩略词在汉语中应用的原因、价值与策略
44、模因论应用于初三 英语写作 教学的实证研究
45、论英语词汇呈现阶段语义图的构建
46、论英语新闻文体与汉译
47、论英语教学中的自主阅读
48、论英语新闻汉译中影响英语多义词词义确定的因素
49、论英语词汇习得中的文化因素
50、论英语语篇中的词汇搭配
51、论英语的时间系统
52、论英语习语中的语言世界图景
53、论英语例外格标记结构的句法生成
54、论英语习语及其在中学英语教学中的作用
55、论英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养
56、论英语专业学生翻译能力的培养
57、论英语政治语篇中概念隐喻的应用
58、论英语幽默翻译
59、论英语电视剧字幕中幽默的翻译
60、论 英语口语 体的翻译策略
英语 教育 论文题目
浅探幼儿英语语音教学的有效 方法
粤北地区幼儿英语教育现状及原因分析
一对一数字化环境下的小学低段 英语 故事 阅读教学实践--以牛津英语幼儿故事“Books!”为例
关键期假设视角下的幼儿英语教育目标定位
全语言教学在幼儿英语教学中的应用
河北省幼儿英语师资现状调研及分析
幼儿英语学习的兴趣导向及培养
高校《幼儿英语教育》课程改革探究
民族地区农村幼儿英语教师培养策略研究--以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例
英语儿童绘本译作与中国幼儿文学的语言对比研究
浅谈幼儿英语教学的三个原则
幼儿英语教学之理性思考
中美幼儿英语教育方法的比较分析
父母期待对幼儿英语学习行为的影响分析
幼儿英语教学师资力量与学习效率的关系探讨
浅谈幼儿英语的 教学方法
技能型学前教育专业幼儿英语师资培养研究
大连市幼儿英语教育的现状分析及建议
游戏教学在幼儿英语教学中的应用
探究幼儿英语学习兴趣的培养模式
新课改视野下的幼儿英语教学初探
民办教育培训机构中幼儿英语教育的现状与问题研究--以河南省Z市J区为例
从整合教育的角度分析幼儿学前英语教育
活动教学法与幼儿英语教学的有效整合
校企合作共建区域幼儿英语师资培养机制
根据幼儿心理特点，探析英语教学方法
幼儿英语语音意识发展中教师多元角色的构建
幼儿英语课程改革的探究
幼儿教师英语口语构成研究
游戏教学法在幼儿英语教学中的角色及运用
试谈幼儿英语教学方法
培养幼儿师范学生的英语写作习惯漫谈
英语词汇类APP在幼儿英语学习中的应用研究
浅谈如何激发幼儿 学习英语 的兴趣
幼儿英语教育中的“游戏”教学法研究
现代信息技术在幼儿英语教学中的应用策略
浅谈英语浸入式下幼儿语言的发展
幼儿英语教师教学能力现状及提升途径
浅谈幼儿英语语音意识的培养
幼儿教师英语口语构成研究
幼儿英语课程改革的探究
英语文学论文题目参考
1、《红字》中海丝特白兰不理智的一面(The Irrational Side of Hester Prynne of The Scarlet Letter)
2、《董贝父子》中的矛盾冲突(The Conflict in Donbey and Son)
3、论文化不同 对联 想意义及翻译的影响(On Influence of Cultural Differences on Associative Meanings and Translation)
4、美国教育的衰弱(The Drop of American Education)
5、世纪欧洲移民对美国工业化的积极影响(The Positive Impacts of European Immigration on American Industrialization in theth Century)
6、朱丽叶之人物分析(Character Studies in Juliet)
7、主述理论在文学中的运用(The Application of the Thematic Theory in Literature)
8、语用学中的会话含义理论(Conversational Implicature Theory in Pragmatics)
9、英语语音简析及对提高初学者口语的指导(A Brief Analysis of English Phonetics as well as a Guide to Improve Learners’ Oral English)
10、比较两种对于哈姆雷特复仇的评论(Comparison on Two Kinds of Comments on Hamlet’s Revenge)
11、英语语言中的性别歧视 (Sexism in English Language)
12、英语的学与教 (English Learning and Teaching)
13、由美国年总统选举所想到的 (More than Presidential Election)
14、论腐朽世界中的纯洁品质——关于《雾都孤儿》的赏析 (The Purity in a Corrupt World—An Analysis of Oliver Twister)
15、论理智与情感之关系——对《理智与情感》的人物分析
16、入世对中国银行业的挑战 (Challenges on Chinese Banking Sector after Entering the WTO)
17、西进运动对美国的影响 (The Influences of Westward Movement on America)
18、史蒂芬?克拉申的听读假设和二语习得 (Stephen Krashen’s Input Hypothesis and Second Language Acquisition)
19、艾?巴?辛格——犹太文化的守护者 (LBSinger—the Patron of Jewish Civilization)
20、二十世纪年代美国妇女运动的派别 (The Politics of American Women’s Movement in the’s)
21、论《红字》的模糊性 (Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter)
22、《嘉莉姐妹》中无心的欲望 (The Limitless Desires in Sister Carrie)
23、英语广告语言修辞特点 (Rhetorical Features in Advertising English)
24、《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结 (Pau Morel’s Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers)
25、造成苔丝悲剧命运的原因 (The Reasons for Tess’s Tragic Fate)
26、论恐怖主义的根源 (On the Root of Terrorism)
27、中印关系新纪元 (: A New Era of Sino-India Relationship)
28、希兹克利夫的复仇 (The Revenge of Heathcliff)
29、弗洛伊德理论对美国现代文学的影响 (The Influence of Freudian Theory on Modern American Literature)
30、论萨姆一家人之“变形” (The Etamoephosis of the Samsas)
31、亚伯拉罕林肯的民主思想初探 (A Preliminary Research on Abraham Lincoln’s Thought of Democracy)
32、评析《傲慢与偏见》的男主人公达西 (MrDarcy in Pride and Prejudice)
33、《简爱》的圣经 情书 (The Relationship Between Jane Eyre and the Bible)
34、库区三角浮出水面——万州、开县、云阳经济宏图 (The Triangle of Reservoir Region Is Surfacing—Wanzhou, Kaixian and Yunyang Open a Great Diagram of Economy)
35、会话中的合作原则和礼貌原则 (Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Conversation)
36、浅析海明威笔下圣地亚哥与 其它 主人公之异同 (Analysis of the Similarities and Differences Between Santiago and Other Heroes by Hemingway)
37、对嘉尔曼的偏见 (The Prejudice Against Carmen)
38、简爱——关于简爱的性格评论 (Jane Eyre—A Review of Jane Eyre’s Character in Jane Eyre)
39、《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳和希斯克力夫之间的苦痛恋情 (The Suffering Love Between Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights)
40、简评妥协——研究《傲慢与偏见》(A Brief Comment on the Compromise—A Study of Pride and Prejudice)
41、《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观 (Analysis of the Marriages in Pride and Prejudice)
42、试论简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响 (On the Impact of Jane Austen’s Life on Her Novels)
43、“真实的诺言”与 传统文化 的碰撞——简析“真人秀”的实质和本地化过程 (When True Lies Challenge Tradition—An Analysis of the Reality and Localization of Reality TV)
44、从台湾问题看中美关系 (The Sino-US Relation—The Taiwan Issue)
45、《傲慢与偏见》的生命力 (The Great Vitality of Pride and Prejudice)
46、平凡中的不平凡——《傲慢与偏见》(Significance in Commonplace—Pride and Prejudice)
47、萨皮尔沃夫理论 (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)
48、论格里高尔的悲剧 (An Analysis of Gregor’s Tragedy)
49、对大学生心理健康问题予更多关注 (More Attention to the Psychological Health of College Students)
50、文体学: 语言学习的科学 (Stylistics: A Scientific Approach)
2021英语专业的硕士论文题目相关 文章 ：
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论文的题目不仅能准确反映论文特定的核心内容，也是读者最先映入眼帘的内容。下面是我带来的关于美国文学论文选题目录的内容，欢迎阅读参考! 美国文学论文选题目录(一) 1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观 2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读 3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响 4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格 5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔 6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》 7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍 8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神 9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判 10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色 11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义 12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟 13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观 14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德 15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义 16、 浅析《儿子与情人》中的心理冲突 17、浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例 18、从女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 19、《瓦尔登湖》中自然主义的现实意义 20、 从男性角色解读《简爱》中的女性反抗意识 美国文学论文选题目录(二) 1、《红字》中海丝特白兰不理智的一面 2、《董贝父子》中的矛盾冲突 3、论文化不同对联想意义及翻译的影响 4、美国教育的衰弱 5、世纪欧洲移民对美国工业化的积极影响 6、朱丽叶之人物分析 7、主述理论在文学中的运用 8、语用学中的会话含义理论 9、英语语音简析及对提高初学者口语的指导 10、比较两种对于哈姆雷特复仇的评论 11、英语语言中的性别歧视 12、英语的学与教 13、由美国年总统选举所想到的 14、论腐朽世界中的纯洁品质——关于《雾都孤儿》的赏析 15、论理智与情感之关系——对《理智与情感》的人物分析 16、入世对中国银行业的挑战 17、西进运动对美国的影响 18、史蒂芬?克拉申的听读假设和二语习得 19、艾巴辛格——犹太文化的守护者 20、二十世纪年代美国妇女运动的派别 美国文学论文选题目录(三) 1. 中印关系新纪元 2. 希兹克利夫的复仇 3. 弗洛伊德理论对美国现代文学的影响 4. 论萨姆一家人之“变形” 5. 亚伯拉罕林肯的民主思想初探 6. 评析《傲慢与偏见》的男主人公达西 7. 《简爱》的圣经情书 8. 库区三角浮出水面——万州、开县、云阳经济宏图 9. 会话中的合作原则和礼貌原则 10. 浅析海明威笔下圣地亚哥与其它主人公之异同 11. 对嘉尔曼的偏见 12. 简爱——关于简爱的性格评论 13. 《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳和希斯克力夫之间的苦痛恋情 14. 简评妥协——研究《傲慢与偏见》 15. 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观 16. 试论简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响 17. “真实的诺言”与传统文化的碰撞——简析“真人秀”的实质和本地化过程 18. 从台湾问题看中美关系 19. 《傲慢与偏见》的生命力 20. 平凡中的不平凡——《傲慢与偏见》 21. 萨皮尔沃夫理论 猜你喜欢： 1. 关于英美文学的论文 2. 英美文学方向毕业论文 3. 英美文学论文范文 4. 浅谈英美文学论文 5. 美国文化学术论文格式要求
我也是写这个 正找材料呢 交流交流哦
《雾都孤儿》是一部非常成功的作品，是狄更斯这位享誉盛名的代表作之一，它揭露了隐藏在伦敦狭小、肮脏的偏僻街道里的恐怖和暴力，也展示出了18世纪伦敦罪犯的真实面目；同时，狄更斯还试图说明：善良最终能够克服一切艰难险阻。《雾都孤儿》不仅吸引了评论家和公众的注意，同时它背后潜藏着的那一种强烈的情感不仅打动了与他同时代的读者，也深深地打动了我。《雾都孤儿》中主人公的英文名字为Oliver Twist，而Twist其英文意思是“扭曲，曲折，使苦恼”，这暗示着主人公Oliver的一生很坎坷，要经历很多的痛苦。在这个对社会进行抗议的情节剧式的小说中，奥利弗被当作一个主人公，其目的不是要触动我们的文学敏感性，而是要打动我们的情感。奥立弗·退斯特出生于19世纪30年代英国的一所济贫院，他妈妈用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头亲了一下后倒过去，咽了气。没父没母的奥立弗的童年过得极其凄惨，最初的9年是生活在一个管理不善的孤儿院，之后被转到收容成年人的济贫院。济贫院是维多利亚时期中产阶级建立的用来收养穷孩子的机构，因为人们认为穷人的身上有固有的恶习，穷人的家庭造就了这样的恶习，为了阻止这样的恶习产生，所以穷人夫妻就要分开，以阻止他们生孩子，从而减少下层社会的人。但可以这样形容当时的济贫院：济贫院给穷人提供的是慢性挨饿的机会，而在街头则是快速饿死。奥利弗和他的小伙伴们忍受着“慢性饥饿的折磨”。曾给我留下一个特别深刻印象的镜头是：一天晚上吃饭时，一个小孩子跟其他小孩子说，如果不给他多吃一碗粥，说不定会吃了谁。孩子们都很害怕，于是抓阄决定谁输了就要为那个孩子多要点吃的来。奥立弗输了，于是午饭后，其他孩子坚持奥立弗在晚饭时多要点食物。他的请求震惊了当局，结果使他们出5英镑作为酬金，要人把他从他们手上带走。因而可见，《雾都孤儿》是对维多利亚时期穷人的社会境遇的严厉批判。《雾都孤儿》的起势情节是：绝望之中的奥立弗在黎明中出逃，奔向伦敦，在伦敦城外，又饿又累的他遇到了一个与他相仿年纪的男孩—杰克，杰克让他住在自己的恩人费金的住处——实际上是一个窃贼之家，费金这个“枯瘦如柴的犹太老头”兼职为犯罪头头专门训练孤儿为他偷东西。经过几天的训练，奥立弗和其他两个小孩被派去偷东西。当奥立弗看到他们偷了一个老绅士的手绢的时候，吓得拔腿就逃，他被抓住了，但勉强地躲过了指控，没有因偷盗被定罪。布朗罗先生，就是手绢的被偷者，把发烧的奥立弗带回家中护理，让他恢复健康，原本以为黑暗的生活会远离他而去，但是费金贼帮里的两个大人赛克斯和他的情人南希把奥立弗抓住，并送回费金那里。在《雾都孤儿》中，颇具争议性问题的人物是南希。南希在道德上的复杂性在几位主要人物中是很独特的。南希自幼便是一个小偷，饮酒无度，而且是一个妓女，她所陷入的罪恶为她的社会所不齿，但当她牺牲自己的生命去保护奥立弗这个她并不是很熟悉的小孩时，她的行为又是最为高尚的。正因为南希，奥立弗被狄更斯掩藏下的真实身份才有了渐渐浮出水面的一刻。随后，费金派奥立弗去帮助赛克斯抢劫。奥立弗被那家的仆人用枪击中，赛克斯弃下受伤的奥立弗逃跑了。上天可怜善良的奥立弗，他被住在那里的梅莱太太和她漂亮的养女露西收留了。奥立弗开始了一种新生活。他常常与露西和梅莱太太外出散步，有时露西读书给他听，他也努力地学习功课。他觉得自己好像永远把罪恶，艰辛和贫困的世界抛在背后了。小说中，梅莱太太和露西所担任的母性角色使奥立弗第一次生活在正常的家庭当中，在她们母亲般的关爱下，奥立弗在乡下度过了美好的夏天。并且在梅莱一家的帮助下，布朗罗先生和奥立弗又团聚了，并消除了彼此间的误会。随后，布朗罗先生找到孟可思，追问奥立弗的真实身世，真相终于大白。原来孟可思是奥立弗同母异父的，和费金一起密谋陷害奥立弗，使之声名狼藉，并且是病态的，品行不端的坏兄弟，而且还查明了露西是奥立弗的亲生阿姨。小说的最后总结了狄更斯的道德和宗教观念：如果没有强烈的爱，没有博爱之心，如果对以慈悲为准则，以博爱一切生灵为最高标志的上帝不知感恩，那是绝对得不到幸福的，因而，有罪恶的得到了严厉的惩罚，穷凶恶及的人物到最后仍承担着罪恶，相应的，好人终究有好报，布朗罗先生收养了品性善良，道德高尚，宽容仁慈的奥立弗，他们和梅莱一家一起回乡下，从此过着幸福的生活。
大家好！今天我给大家介绍的书是《雾都孤儿》。这是由英国作家狄更斯写的一部长篇小说，以“雾都”伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇。主人公奥利弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。其中一个小偷的老大，犹太人费金最让我深刻，他被描绘成典型的坏人形像，想要把手下的孩子培养成出色的小偷，他用幽闭和孤独抑郁去熏陶一个个天真的心灵，他的行径是肮脏罪恶的，狄更斯描写他从外貌到内心，从居住环境到生存方式，刻画了贪婪的守财奴，阴险狡诈的无耻小人。可是即便是这样一个坏人，在孩子们的眼里，他却是和蔼可亲的老翁，照顾着这些流浪儿的生活起居，贼窝里甚至因为他的出现而充满欢笑声，所以可以说费金是既可恶但又带点温情的人。这本书写出当时资本主义社会存在的一些关于社会统治，各阶层人民区别待遇等负面问题，揭露了那时的虚荣和黑暗，以奥利弗为代表，描写了这种社会下穷苦儿童的悲惨生活。主要反映刚刚通过济贫法的英国社会最底层生活，也同时赞扬了人们天性中的正直和善良，谢谢大家！
《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯的第一部伟大的社会小说，在世界文学史上占有重要位置。小说主要反映刚刚通过了济贫法的英国社会最底层生活。作者在创作上爱憎分明，形象生动的特点也得到了很充分的体现。他笔下的人物富有鲜明的个性，整个作品有着强烈的感染力。狄更斯堪称一位杰出的语言大师，擅长运用讽刺、幽默和夸张的手法，他笔下的人物风貌和语言风格富有浓厚的批判现实主义特色。自《雾都孤儿》出版以来，批判现实主义文学在英国文学界开始占领了主导地位，狄更斯不仅对当时的典型人物进行了深刻的刻画，更为重要的是他对当时的社会现状，人物性格以及特殊的社会环境进行着深刻的剖析。通过他的批判现实主义，我们能够清楚的感触到当时的时代气息与鲜活的人物生活画卷。他的批判现实主义对当代文学也有着巨大的推动作用。当今的社会更加多元化，人们的价值取向不尽相同，人们的行为更加个性化，导致了许多不良现象的出现，如一部分人的精神世界萎靡不振，对物质利益的要求过于苛刻，人与人之间的情感过于冷漠等。这些现象不得不让我们反思。狄更斯在《雾都孤儿》中通过运用批判现实主义，不但揭露了他那个时代的社会弊端，同时也能对现代人有着一定的启发，引发我们对种种不良社会现象的反思，从而树立正确的人生观与价值观，实现人生的理想。
我也是写这个 正找材料呢 交流交流哦
在这个一直下雨的城市不就代表了主人公的内心的绝望与忧郁,而大雨过后阳光必定会出来.也许就像题目说的雾都,人们与人们之间永远看不清对方,在这个社会和这个人群中大家都是模模糊糊的.这部影片让我看到了社会的现实与残酷，也让我看到了虽然在这样的社会中，还是会有好人的.要热爱生活,让我们珍惜现在的生活行吗？
我也是写这个 正找材料呢 交流交流哦
买本雾都孤儿的蓝星导读，就是那种双语的小蓝本，虽然写得很浅显，但故事和人物分析挺全面的，就算你以前没读过这部小说，用它就行，省时间最大的问题就是定题，要看你的指导老师严不严了，一定把论点范围缩小再缩小，具体再具体在学校提供给你们的文献库多多下载文献资料，雾都孤儿的的文献很多，能下载到你想吐，但这样不愁没得写 还有问题可以联系我
可以百度下 武汉科技大学中南分校 谭宗燕的《雾都孤儿》中南希性格分析
Nancy，a young prostitute and one of Fagin’s former child pickpockets, is also Bill Sikes’s lover. Her love for Sikes and her sense of moral decency come into conflict when Sikes abuses Oliver. Despite her criminal lifestyle, she is among the noblest characters in the novel. Nancy is also one of the few characters in Oliver Twist to display much ambivalence. Although she is a full-fledged criminal, indoctrinated and trained by Fagin since childhood, she retains enough empathy to repent her role in Oliver's kidnapping, and to take steps to try to atone. As one of Fagin's victims, corrupted but not yet morally dead, she gives eloquent voice to the horrors of the old man's little criminal empire. She wants to save Oliver from a similar fate. At the same time, she recoils from the idea of turning traitor, especially to Bill Sikes, whom she loves. When Dickens was later criticized for giving a "thieving, whoring slut of the streets" such an unaccountable reversal of character, he ascribed her change of heart to "the last fair drop of water at the bottom of a dried-up, weed-choked well". When Oliver is caught back to Fagin’s again, Fagin is preparing to hit Oliver on his head with a piece of wood .Nancy rushes forward, seizing the wood and throws it into the fire. Oliver wants to run away, however, the old Jew decides to have the dog to chase him. Nancy shouts “Don’t, Bill!!” [13] as soon as blocks the door with her body. She even cries “I will not allow the dog bite the kid unless you kill me.” [14] Her brave saves Oliver. When Monks and Fagin plots against Oliver’s life, Nancy shows the spirit of sacrificing herself , the girl who used to do a lot of thieve things in the past, however, changes Oliver’s destiny when he is in danger. Nancy also reveals Oliver’s Pedigree. Monks, Oliver’s half-brother, goes to London not for reuniting with him but for taking exclusive possession of their father’s legacy. After investigating open and secret, Monks knows that Oliver has been in the hands of Fagin, the head of thief gang. He agrees to pay money if Fagin could turn Oliver to a thief, more money if Oliver goes into prison. However their plots are heard by Nancy. Nancy is so furious that she decides to tell Rose Oliver’s life, which she thinks the right thing in his life. At the second night, after Nancy gives Sikes the medicine mixed with Opium, she slips out to meet Rose with the address heard in the talk between Monks and Fagin. But all the things that she knows and would come make her have no idea that what to do. She discusses this with Mr. Brownlow, making an appointment with Nancy when and where the next time they meet. Unfortunately, Nancy’s behavior and anxious mood bring about Fagin’s alarm and supervise. Fagin sands Dodger to follow Nancy, who is getting rid of Sikes to go to meet Rose and Mr. Brownlow. Fagin thinks that it is necessary to kill Nancy. After Dodger brings back the news, Fagin is furious that he is rebelled. At the same time, he knows his last day would come soon. In effect, she gives her life for Oliver when Sikes murders her for revealing Monks’ plots.
文学研究论文参考文献
论文写作中我们需要大量阅读参考文献来丰富我们的知识面，拓展我们的知识深度。下面是我和大家分享的文学研究论文参考文献，更多内容请关注毕业论文网。
篇一：参考文献
[1] 姜晓丽. 女权主义对翻译的影响探析[D]. 西安电子科技大学 2013
[2] 王君. 英语经济类语篇汉译实践报告[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014
[3] 赵菁婕. 论文学翻译中的创造性叛逆[D]. 青岛大学 2014
[4] 李夏. 女性哥特视角下《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》的对比分析[D]. 中国海洋大学 2013
[5] 阳英. 关联理论视角下《雾都孤儿》荣译本与何译本比较研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2014
[6] 沈蔼亲. 操纵学派“忠实观”与传统“忠实观”的对比研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2014
[7] 郭慧. 操纵论视角下理雅各与许渊冲《诗经》英译本的对比研究[D]. 湖南工业大学 2013
[8] 王番. 概念隐喻理论视角下的情感隐喻翻译[D]. 南京工业大学 2013
[9] 姜姗. 语境视域下的英语经济新闻文本汉译实践报告[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014
[10] 蔡莹莹. 风景抒情唐诗英译的象似性研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014
[11] 王凯华. 帕尔默文化语言学视角下的宋词英译意象传递研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014
[12] 滕娇月. 概念整合理论视阙下唐诗颜色词的英译研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014
[13] 王筱. 默认值图式视域下的《聊斋志异》英译研究[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2014
[14] 支翠霞. 新闻翻译的后殖民视角[D]. 湖南工业大学 2012
[15] 薛颖然. 目的论视野下的英汉字幕翻译[D]. 湖南工业大学 2012
[16] 贺倩. 女性主义翻译理论与小说Jane Eyre的翻译[D]. 新疆师范大学 2012
[17] 何婧舒. 操纵理论视角下《简·爱》两个中译本的文化再现比较研究[D]. 四川师范大学 2012
[18] 吴云云. 《简爱》的女权话语研究[D]. 华北电力大学(北京) 2010
[19] 纪娜. 成长路上的逃离与皈依[D]. 湖南师范大学 2008
[20] 胡娟娟. 《简·爱》在20世纪中国的经典化建构及其女主人公的形象变迁[D]. 上海外国语大学 2012
篇二：参考文献
[1] 刘禾着，宋伟杰等译.跨语际实践[M]. 三联书店， 2002
[2] 胡安江. 文本旅行与翻译研究[J]. 四川外语学院学报. 2007(05)
[3] 郭延礼着.中国近代翻译文学概论[M]. 湖北教育出版社， 1998
[4] 孟昭毅，李载道主编.中国翻译文学史[M]. 北京大学出版社， 2005
[5] 张南峰着.中西译学批评[M]. 清华大学出版社， 2004
[6] 谢天振着.译介学[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1999
[7] (美)爱德华·W.赛义德()着，谢少波，韩刚等译.赛义德自选集[M]. 中国社会科学出版社， 1999
[8] 冯庆华，主编.文体翻译论[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 2002
[9] 陈福康着.中国译学理论史稿[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 2000
[10] 刘宓庆着.当代翻译理论[M]. 中国对外翻译出版公司， 1999
[11] 冯庆华编着.实用翻译教程[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1997
[12] 唐玉娟，谭少青. 译者措辞中的意识形态因素--《简·爱》两个中译本的比较[J]. 成都教育学院学报. 2006(11)
[13] 符白羽. 从旅行理论看文学作品在翻译中的旅行[J]. 长沙大学学报. 2006(04)
[14] 赵俊姝. 文学多元系统理论视角解读胡适翻译思想[J]. 昆明师范高等专科学校学报. 2005(02)
[15] 李坤，贾德江. 《简爱》两个中译本的历时比较[J]. 河北理工学院学报(社会科学版). 2007(01)
[16] 苏留华. 小说对话的翻译--从符号学角度分析《简·爱》[J]. 广州大学学报(社会科学版). 2004(11)
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[19] Lefevere , Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. . 2004
[20] 于德英. 用另一只眼睛看多元系统论--多元系统论的形式主义分析[J]. 中国翻译. 2004(05)
篇三：参考文献
[1] 刘美玲. 操控理论视角下《世界是平的》两中译本的研究[D]. 华中师范大学 2013
[2] 杨晓琳. 从翻译共性的角度探析英译汉中的“翻译文体”[D]. 浙江大学 2013
[3] 伊塔马·埃文-佐哈尔，张南峰. 多元系统论[J]. 中国翻译. 2002(04)
[4] 张书玲. 英国博物馆资料翻译实践报告[D]. 中南大学 2013
[5] 笪鸿安，陈莉. 从《简·爱》两汉译本谈直译与意译的运用[J]. 河海大学学报(社会科学版). 1999(03)
[6] 叶荷. 翻译与改写[D]. 华侨大学 2009
[7] 王晓元. 意识形态与文学翻译的互动关系[J]. 中国翻译. 1999(02)
[8] 廖秋忠. 篇章与语用和句法研究[J]. 语言教学与研究. 1991(04)
[9] 周忠良. 重思抵抗式翻译[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2009
[10] 张焰明. 剩余信息在翻译中的应用--兼评祝庆英和黄源深的《简·爱》译本[J]. 韩山师范学院学报(社会科学版). 2004(01)
[11] 葛中俊. 翻译文学：目的'语文学的次范畴[J]. 中国比较文学. 1997(03)
[12] 蒋骁华. 意识形态对翻译的影响：阐发与新思考[J]. 中国翻译. 2003(05)
[13] 杨自俭. 语篇和语境--《衔接与连贯理论的发展及应用》序[J]. 解放军外国语学院学报. 2003(02)
[14] 谢世坚. 从中国近代翻译文学看多元系统理论的局限性[J]. 四川外语学院学报. 2002(04)
[15] 郑雪青. 《简·爱》两个译本翻译比较[J]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 2001(01)
[16] 潘红. 夹缝里的风景--谈黄源深先生《简爱》译本的审美特点[J]. 福州大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 2002(02)
[17] 颜凡博. 从文化差异角度谈中式菜名的英译[D]. 中北大学 2011
[18] 赵伟. 鲁迅小说两个英译本的对比研究[D]. 上海海运学院 2000
[19] Zhang Haifeng. A Principle with the English Translation of Chinese Classical Poetry[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2001
[20] 陈王青. 虚构专名英译中的行为常式[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2007
[21] 杜洪洁. 政治与翻译：西方(后)现代主义小说在中国的译介(1979-1988)[D]. 天津理工大学 2008
先不说内容，首先格式要正确，一篇完整的毕业论文，题目，摘要（中英文），目录，正文（引言，正文，结语），致谢，参考文献。学校规定的格式，字体，段落，页眉页脚，开始写之前，都得清楚的，你的论文算是写好了五分之一。然后，选题，你的题目时间宽裕，那就好好考虑，选一个你思考最成熟的，可以比较多的阅读相关的参考文献，从里面获得思路，确定一个模板性质的东西，照着来，写出自己的东西。如果时间紧急，那就随便找一个参考文献，然后用和这个参考文献相关的文献，拼出一篇，再改改。正文，语言必须是学术的语言。一定先列好提纲，这就是框定每一部分些什么，保证内容不乱，将内容放进去，写好了就。参考文献去中国知网搜索，校园网免费下载。《雾都孤儿》中人物的创造性叛逆——重塑《雾都孤儿》中的南希形象剖析小说《雾都孤儿》中前景化特征的文体分析污浊社会里的纯真——《雾都孤儿》中反映出的良知
狄更斯：查尔斯·约翰·赫芬姆·狄更斯，1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊，1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇，深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实，为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。他的作品至今依然盛行，对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。主要作品《匹克威克外传》《雾都孤儿》《老古玩店》《艰难时世》《我们共同的朋友》《双城记》等。双城记：《双城记》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景所写成的长篇历史小说，情节感人肺腑，是世界文学经典名著之一，故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市连结起来，围绕着曼马内特医生一家和以德法日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。小说里描写了贵族如何败坏、如何残害百姓，人民心中积压对贵族的刻骨仇恨，导致了不可避免的法国大革命，本书的主要思想是为了爱而自我牺牲。书名中的“双城”指的是巴黎与伦敦。可参考文献双城记解读——乔治纽林狄更斯三部小说《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》的浪漫主义色彩研究《双城记》:历史拐点处的记忆——再论狄更斯笔下的大革命描写查尔斯·狄更斯的革命观——解读《双城记》从《双城记》看狄更斯人道主义思想新历史主义视角下的《双城记》论文—解读狄更斯《双城记》谈狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想
Oliver Twist一、英国作家狄更斯的名著。关于狄更斯和他的小说艺术，心里早有一些想法，趁写这篇前言之便，说出来，就正于广大狄更斯爱好者。狄更斯生于英国朴茨茂斯的一个贫苦家庭，父亲是个海军小职员，10岁时全家被迁入债务入监狱，11岁起就开始承担繁重的家务，12岁时被迫辍学到鞋油作坊当学徒，饱受侮辱，从而对工人阶级的生活和苦难有所了解，尤其对不幸的儿童产生了深厚的同情。16岁时，他在律师事务所当缮写员，走遍伦敦大街小巷，广泛了解社，后又担任法庭速记员和新闻记者，熟悉了议会政治中的种种弊端。当时他为伦敦几家报纸拟稿。狄更斯发表1836年底的第一部长篇小说、讽刺资产阶级民主虚伪性的〈匹克威克外传〉就取得了惊人的成就，使他一举成名。此后34年中，他共写了十几部长篇小说。24岁时和凯瑟琳女士结婚，由于性格和趣味上的差异，给他的创作，特别是晚年生活带来不幸。他一生除了刻苦写作外还喜欢戏剧，曾亲自参加演出和导演，举办过朗诵会。1870年6月他在写作小说〈艾德温。德鲁德之谜〉时，由于劳累过度，谇然逝世。葬于伦敦斯敏斯特教堂。狄更斯在小说中无情地揭露和鞭挞了资本主义社会的黑暗和虚伪。1838年和1839年，他发表了〈雾都孤儿〉和〈尼古拉斯。尼可贝〉，描写了资本主义社会穷苦儿童的悲惨生活，揭露了贫民救济所和学校教育的黑暗。狄更斯是英国最伟大的小说家之一，英国现实主义文学的杰出代表，对世界文学有巨大的影响。《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉•荷加斯（William Hogarth,1697一1764）的榜样，勇敢地直面人生，真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。他抱着一个崇高的道德意图：抗议社会的不公，并唤起社会舆论，推行改革，使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助。正因为如此，狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为“英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表”。对此，我有一些不同的见解：文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态，它必然是社会存在的反映。但是，我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学，把“现实主义”的外延无限扩展。事实上，作家运用的创作方法多种多样，因人而异，这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关。狄更斯的创作，想象力极为丰富，充满诗的激情，他着意渲染自己的道德理想，处处突破自然的忠实临摹，借用一句歌德的话：它比自然高了一层。这和萨克雷、特洛罗普等坚持的客观。冷静、严格写实的方法有显著的区别。试以《雾都孤儿》为例，（一）个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段。书中的流氓、盗贼、妓女的语言都切合其身份，甚至还用了行业的黑话。然而，狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现，而是进行加工、提炼和选择，避免使用污秽、下流的话语。主人公奥立弗语言规范、谈吐文雅，他甚至不知偷窃为何物。他是在济贫院长大的孤儿，从未受到良好的教育，所接触的都是罪恶累累、堕落不堪之辈，他怎么会讲这么好的英文呢？这用“人是一切社会关系总和”的历史唯物主义观点是无法解释的。可见，狄更斯着力表现的是自己的道德理想，而不是追求完全的逼真。（二）在优秀的现实主义小说中，故事情节往往是在环境作用下的人物性格发展史，即高尔基所说的“某种性格、典型的成长和构成的历史”。然而，狄更斯不拘任何格套，想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街，被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗。第二次，他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃，被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝•梅莱家。这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的。但狄更斯自有天大的本领，在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情，使你读时紧张得喘不过气来，对这种本来是牵强的、不自然的情节也不得不信以为真。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力。（三）狄更斯写作时，始终有一种“感同身受的想象力”（Sympathetic imagination），即使对十恶不赦的人物也一样。书中贼首、老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发。他从天花板看到地板，只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己。他听到对他罪行的陈述报告，他把恳求的目光转向律师，希望能为他辩护几句。人群中有人在吃东西，有人用手绢扇风，还有一名青年画家在画他的素描，他心想：不知道像不像，真想伸过脖子去看一看……一位绅士出去又进来，他想：准是吃饭去了，不知吃的什么饭？看到铁栏杆上有尖刺，他琢磨着：这很容易折断。从此又想到绞刑架，这时，他听到自己被处绞刑。他只是喃喃地说，自己岁数大了，大了，接着就什么声音也发不出来了。在这里，狄更斯精心选择了一系列细节，不但描绘了客观事物，而且切入了人物的内心世界，表现了他极其丰富的想象力。他运用的艺术方法，不是“批判现实主义”所能概括的。我倒是赞赏英国作家、狄更斯专家乔治•吉辛（George Giss－ing，1857—1903）的表述，他把狄更斯的创作方法称为“浪漫的现实主义”（romantic realism）。我认为这一表述才够准确，才符合狄更斯小说艺术的实际。小说的主人公奥利弗。特威斯特，是一名生在济贫院的孤儿，忍饥挨饿，备受欺凌，由于不堪棺材店老板娘、教区执事邦布儿等人的虐待而独自逃往伦敦，不幸刚一到达就误入贼窟。窃贼团伙的首领费金千方百计，企图把奥利弗训练为扒手供他驱使。奥利弗跟随窃贼伙伴“机灵鬼”和贝茨上街时，被误认为他偷了一位叫布朗洛的绅士(恰巧是他父亲生前的好友)的手绢而被警察逮捕。后因书摊老板证明了他的无辜，说明小偷另有其人，他才被释放。由于他当时病重昏迷，且容貌酷似友人生前留下的一副少妇画像，布朗洛收留他在家中治病，得到布朗洛及其女管家比德温太太无微不至的关怀，第一次感受到人间的温暖。窃贼团伙害怕奥利弗会泄露团伙的秘密，在费金指示下，塞克斯和南希费尽心机，趁奥利弗外出替布朗洛归还书摊老板的图书的时候用计使他重新陷入了贼窟。但当费金试图惩罚毒打奥利弗的上时候，南希挺身而出保护了奥利弗。费金用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段企图迫使奥利弗成为一名窃贼，成为费金的摇钱树。一天黑夜，奥利弗在塞克斯的胁迫下参加对一座大宅院的行窃。正当奥利弗准备趁爬进窗户的机会向主人报告时，被管家发现后开枪打伤。窃贼仓惶逃跑时，把奥利弗丢弃在路旁水沟之中。奥利弗在雨雪之中带伤爬行，无意中又回道那家宅院，昏到在门口。好心的主人梅丽夫人及其养女罗斯小姐收留并庇护了他。无巧不成书，这位罗斯小姐正是奥利弗的姨妈，但双方都不知道。在梅丽夫人家，奥利弗真正享受到了人生的温馨和美好。但费金团伙却不能放过奥利弗。有一天一个名叫蒙克斯的人来找费金，这人是奥利弗的同父异母兄长，由于他的不肖，他父亲在遗嘱中将全部遗产给了奥利弗，除非奥利弗和蒙克斯是一样的不肖儿女，遗产才可由蒙克斯继承。为此蒙克斯出高价买通费金，要他使奥利弗变成不可救药的罪犯，以便霸占奥利弗名下的全部遗产，并发泄自己对已去世的父亲的怨恨。正当蒙克斯得意洋洋的谈到他如何和帮布尔夫妇狼狈为奸，毁灭了能证明奥利弗身份的唯一证据的时候，被南希听见。南西见义勇为，同情奥利弗的遭遇，冒生命危险，偷偷找到罗斯小姐，向她报告了这一切。正当罗斯小姐考虑如何行动时，奥利弗告诉她，他找到了布朗洛先生。罗斯小姐就和布朗洛商议了处理方法。罗斯小姐在布朗洛陪同下再次和南西会面时，布朗洛获知蒙克斯即他的已故好友埃得温。利弗得的不肖儿子，决定亲自找蒙克斯交涉，但他们的谈话被费金派出的密探听见。塞克斯就凶残的杀害了南西。南西之死使费金团伙遭到了灭顶之灾。费金被捕，后上了绞刑架，塞克斯在逃窜中失足被自己的绳子勒死。与此同时，蒙克斯被布朗洛挟持到家中，逼他供出了一切，事情真相大白，奥利弗被布朗洛收为养子，从此结束了他的苦难的童年。为了给蒙克斯自新的机会，把本应全归奥利弗继承的遗产分一半给他。但蒙克斯劣性不改，把家产挥霍殆尽，继续作恶，终被锒铛入狱，死在狱中。邦布尔夫恶有恶报，被革去一切职务，一贫如洗，在他们曾经作威作福的济贫院度过余生。在这本书中，奥利弗、南希、罗斯小姐都是善良的代表，他们都出生于苦难之中，在黑暗和充满罪恶的世界中成长，但在他们的心中始终保持着一偏纯洁的天地，一颗善良的心，种种磨难并不能使他们堕落或彻底堕落，发而更显示出他们出污泥而不染的光彩夺目的晶莹品质。最后，邪不胜正，正义的力量战胜了邪恶，虽然南希最后遇难，但正是她的死所召唤出来的惊天动地的社会正义力量，正是她在冥冥中的在天之灵，注定了邪恶势力的代表——费金团伙的灭顶之灾。因此在小说中，南希的精神得到了升华，奥利弗则得到了典型意义上的善报。而恶人的代表——费金、蒙克斯、邦布尔、塞克斯无不一一落得个悲惨的下场。