发布时间：
就是引用一篇跟你的论文题目相关的英文文献，一般是附在论文后面，你所引用的文献就是原文，引用之后需要在原文之后跟着是你翻译出来的翻译稿，就是译文。一般要求都是在5000单词以上，我做毕业论文的时候对英文文献的题目要求是只要是跟论文题目的所涉及的内容相关就可以。这些东西可以在学校图书馆里或者图书馆网络资料库里找到，就是翻译比较费力，走运的话可以找到带译文的稿子。
Shallow view college students（浅析大学生消费观） In the current consumption market, as a special group is receiving more and more attention. Cell phones, Internet, sports, tourism, av equipment are students of consumption. Their younger age, different from other social consumer groups of consumer psychology and behavior. On one hand has strong consumption demand, on the other hand, has obtained the financial independence. Consumer spending power of advanced concepts, the lag and has great influence on them. With this curious, we investigated the students listened, currently the showed that the following reasons for college students have a profound influence on the , family environment for students of consumption "congenital". Family is the basic factors restricting their consumption. Most students from rural areas currently. Rural students would not spend a lot of money to buy a bar of chocolate, biscuit, candy and snacks. A classmate of institute of grammar, told reporters he every month in the consumption of food and supplies, and a small part of life. However, the students from the developed city, in the free allowance is master circumstance, even the remaining money to spend on hair, clothing, accessories, and other items. MP3Second, the consumption of college campus environment. According to the understanding of the ", just past 11 golden weeks, "some travel agency" lovers swims "travel group, a lot of students. Some boys to girls, the pursuit of cosmetics, snacks, flowers as "sociology". In the investigation and discussion, we found that the students love more than 100 - month about spending at least 200 yuan, also has 50 yuan, the highest reach 500 yuan. One of the students of agronomy humorously tells a reporter, dating from the average expenses for the situation had been broken and three kinds, namely, man should take all NanNvFang share and the initiative of all, girls love spending even more than the addiction among is one where money. Some students spend all day in the net cafe, wasting their time and energy, and parents hard-earned , social environment influence on college students' view. In the interview process, a eppo school students told reporters: "some students fashion and famous, too." compare existing In the seminar, some students, in order to have a phone or a paragraph on the most popular, some classmates to economize, even sacrifice other necessary expenses. Some male classmate to buy a pair of shoes, the female classmate brand in order to buy a set of famous cosmetic or a brand-name clothes at hand to his family, money or borrow money from their classmates, these reflects some students don't know into, and driven them form the vanity of endless themselves. In addition, the male classmate hair, earrings, female students, also make positive modelling teachers and parents students are the pillars of the construction of the future society, its consumption ideas and directly affected the life character and the influence of the motherland, indirect jiangshan justice. Good training and strengthening consumer habits will get to the school, good shape, and formed the role of school student wind virtuous circle. Therefore, the schools should set students' good consumption psychology and behavior of the cultivation of campus culture construction as an important component. Facing the current as of inviting advertising the snowflake fly to the university campus, teachers and parents have necessary guidance from the side with the correct method, students correct view firmly. College students from his actual consumption of the economic situation, develop simple life style, develop good consumption habits and consumption mentality. 在当前的消费市场中，大学生作为一个特殊的消费群体正受到越来越多的关注。手机、旅游、上网、运动、影音器材都是大学生的消费热点。他们年龄较轻，有着不同于社会其他消费群体的消费心理和行为。一方面有着旺盛的消费需求，另一方面，尚未获得经济上的独立。消费观念的超前和消费实力的滞后，都对他们有很大影响。带着这样的好奇，我们调查了农大的同学，听取了老师们的意见。 调查结果显示，下面几种原因对大学生的消费观有着深刻的影响。 第一，家庭环境对大学生的消费观产生“先天性”的影响。家庭条件是大学生消费的根本制约因素。农大学生大部分来自于农村。农村来的学生不愿花费很多钱去买巧克力、饼干、糖果之类的零食。文法学院的一位同学告诉记者，他每个月的消费大部分用在伙食及学习用品上，还有一小部分是生活用品。但是，来自发达城市的学生，在零用钱掌握比较自由的情况下，甚至会把剩余的钱都花费在发型、服装、饰物和MP3等其它物品上。 第二，校园环境对大学生消费观的影响不可忽略。据了解，刚刚过去的“十一黄金周”，一些旅行社组织的“情侣游”旅行团里，有着不少大学生的身影。一些男生为了追求女生，把化妆品、零食、鲜花当成“攻心”的利器。在调查和讨论会上我们发现，谈恋爱的学生每月大约多支出 100－200 元，最少的也有 50 元左右，最高的达到 500 元。一位农学院的同学幽默地告诉记者，谈恋爱的费用支出一般由男方承担的局面已经完全被打破，而出现三种情况，即男方全部承担、男女方共同承担和女方主动全部承担，女生的恋爱支出甚至有超过男方的情况。 沉迷于网络也是钱财的去向之一。部分学生整日泡在网吧，浪费了自己的时间和精力，还有父母辛苦挣来的血汗钱。 第三，社会环境对大学生消费观的影响。在采访过程中，一位植保学院的同学告诉记者：“部分大学生过分追求时尚和名牌，存在攀比心理。”在讨论会中，一些同学指出，为了拥有一款手机或者换上一款最流行的，有的同学情愿节衣缩食，甚至牺牲其他必要开支。有些男同学为了买一双名牌运动鞋，女同学为了买一套名牌化妆品或者一件名牌衣服，不惜向家人伸手要钱甚至向同学借钱，这些都反映出一些学生不懂得量入而出，虚荣心的驱使使他们形成无休止的攀比心理。除此之外，男同学染发，打耳环，女同学们向明星造型看齐，也令老师和家长们忧心。 大学生是未来社会建设的栋梁，其消费观念的塑造和培养直接地影响其一生品德和行为，间接影响祖国的江山社稷。良好的消费习惯得到培养和加强，会对良好校风的塑造起促进作用，并形成校风助学风的良性循环。因此，学校应该把大学生良好消费心理和行为的培养作为校园文化建设的重要组成部分。面对眼下各种诱人的广告像雪花般飞向大学校园，老师和父母有必要从旁指引，用正确的方法坚定大学生正确的消费观．。在校大学生消费时应从自己实际的经济状况出发，发扬朴素的生活作风，养成好的消费习惯和消费心态。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
计算机专业方面的外文翻译都是找wo拿参考 。
一般来说外文资料的原文就是外文而不是中文，也正因为原文是英文，每个人翻译出来的都不一样，因此不用担心与他人重复。除非专业的翻译愿意花时间和精力去一个词一个词的翻。由于毕业论文有一定的专业知识，所以让单纯的英语专业的翻译不太愿意去触碰，而本专业的研究者有能直接读得懂中文，因而难找到所谓的翻译原文。经验拓展：（就本科及本科以下）毕业论文开题时，导师给出翻译外文文献的任务，一般来说导师是看得懂这些外文翻译的，比较好的导数或许会帮你翻译出来，大多是让你自己翻译，其目的是为了锻炼你英语翻译能力，查阅资料的能力，提高对论文的了解程度，知道一些基本的专业词的前提下，用百度或者谷歌翻译工具，基本可以大体翻译出来，整理通顺也就过关了，不会有人深究你翻译的到底怎么样。
我告诉你一个网站，我的英语毕业论文的英文原版的书就是在这上面找的， 你还可以根据你论文里面的英语关键字在书里面 搜索，当然你要知道那本外文书的书名啦
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。翻译要求：1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。 原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。扩展资料：外文翻译需要注意的问题1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。 7、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
除了部分大佬文章，已经拒稿重投的，基本上能接收的文章都是先大修的。正常而已。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 统一查下。
SQL (sometimes expanded as Structured Query Language) is a computer language used to create, retrieve, update and delete data from relational database management systems. SQL has been standardized by both ANSI and is commonly spoken either as the names of the letters ess-cue-el (IPA: [ˈɛsˈkjuˈɛl]), or like the word sequel (IPA: [ˈsiːkwəl]). The official pronunciation of SQL according to ANSI is ess-cue-el. However, each of the major database products (or projects) containing the letters SQL has its own convention: MySQL is officially and commonly pronounced "My Ess Cue El"; PostgreSQL is expediently pronounced postgres (being the name of the predecessor to PostgreSQL); and Microsoft SQL Server is commonly spoken as influential paper, A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks, by Dr. Edgar F. Codd, was published in June 1970 in the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) journal, Communications of the ACM, although drafts of it were circulated internally within IBM in 1969. Codd's model became widely accepted as the definitive model for relational database management systems (RDBMS or RDMS).During the 1970s, a group at IBM's San Jose research center developed a database system "System R" based upon Codd's model. Structured English Query Language ("SEQUEL") was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in System R. The acronym SEQUEL was later condensed to SQL because the word 'SEQUEL' was held as a trademark by the Hawker Siddeley aircraft company of the UK.[citation needed] Although SQL was influenced by Codd's work, Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce at IBM were the authors of the SEQUEL language design. Their concepts were published to increase interest in first non-commercial, relational, non-SQL database, Ingres, was developed in 1974 at . 1978, methodical testing commenced at customer test sites. Demonstrating both the usefulness and practicality of the system, this testing proved to be a success for IBM. As a result, IBM began to develop commercial products based on their System R prototype that implemented SQL, including the System/38 (announced in 1978 and commercially available in August 1979), SQL/DS (introduced in 1981), and DB2 (in 1983).At the same time, Relational Software, Inc. (now Oracle Corporation) saw the potential of the concepts described by Chamberlin and Boyce and developed their own version of a RDBMS for the Navy, CIA and others. In the summer of 1979, Relational Software, Inc. introduced Oracle V2 (Version2) for VAX computers as the first commercially available implementation of SQL. Oracle V2 beat IBM's release of the System/38 to the market by a few was adopted as a standard by ANSI (American National Standards Institute) in 1986 and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in 1987. However, since the dissolution of the NIST data management standards program in 1996 there has been no certification for compliance with the SQL standard so vendors must be relied on to SQL standard is not freely available. SQL:2003 and SQL:2006 may be purchased from ISO or ANSI. A late draft of SQL:2003 is available as a zip archive from Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation. The zip archive contains a number of PDF files that define the parts of the SQL:2003 is designed for a specific purpose: to query data contained in a relational database. SQL is a set-based, declarative programming language, not an imperative language such as C or extensions such as Oracle Corporation's PL/SQL bridge this gap to some extent by adding procedural elements, such as flow-of-control constructs. Another approach is to allow programming language code to be embedded in and interact with the database. For example, Oracle and others include Java in the database, and SQL Server 2005 allows any .NET language to be hosted within the database server process, while PostgreSQL allows functions to be written in a wide variety of languages, including Perl, Tcl, and to and variations of the standards exist. Commercial implementations commonly omit support for basic features of the standard, such as the DATE or TIME data types, preferring variations of their own. SQL code can rarely be ported between database systems without major modifications, in contrast to ANSI C or ANSI Fortran, which can usually be ported from platform to platform without major structural , IBM's SQL PL (SQL Procedural Language) and Sybase / Microsoft's Transact-SQL are of a proprietary nature because the procedural programming language they present are for lack of portabilityThere are several reasons for this lack of portability between database systems: * The complexity and size of the SQL standard means that most databases do not implement the entire standard. * The standard does not specify database behavior in several important areas (. indexes), leaving it up to implementations of the database to decide how to behave. * The SQL standard precisely specifies the syntax that a conforming database system must implement. However, the standard's specification of the semantics of language constructs is less well-defined, leading to areas of ambiguity. * Many database vendors have large existing customer bases; where the SQL standard conflicts with the prior behavior of the vendor's database, the vendor may be unwilling to break backward keywordsQueriesThe most common operation in SQL databases is the query, denoted with the SELECT keyword. SQL SELECT queries are declarative: * SELECT retrieves data from tables in a database. While often grouped with Data Manipulation Language statements, SELECT is considered by many to be separate from SQL DML. SELECT queries allow the user to specify a description of the desired result set, but it is left to the devices of the database management system (DBMS) to plan, optimize, and perform the physical operations necessary to produce that result set. A SQL query includes a list of columns to be included in the final result immediately following the SELECT keyword. An asterisk ("*") can also be used as a "wildcard" indicator to specify that all available columns of a table (or multiple tables) are to be returned. SELECT is the most complex statement in SQL, with several optional keywords and clauses: o The FROM clause indicates the source tables from which the data is to be drawn. The FROM clause can include optional JOIN clauses to join related tables to one another. o The WHERE clause includes a comparison predicate, which is used to narrow the result set. The WHERE clause eliminates all rows from the result set for which the comparison predicate does not evaluate to True. o The GROUP BY clause is used to combine rows with related values into elements of a smaller set of rows. o The HAVING clause is used to identify which of the "combined rows" (combined rows are produced when the query has a GROUP BY clause or when the SELECT part contains aggregates), are to be retrieved. HAVING acts much like a WHERE, but it operates on the results of the GROUP BYand can include aggregate functions. o The ORDER BY clause is used to identify which columns are used to sort the resulting data. Unless an ORDER BY clause is included, the order of rows returned by SELECT is never retrieval is very often combined with data projection; usually it isn't the verbatim data stored in primitive data types that a user is looking for or a query is written to serve. Often the data needs to be expressed differently from how it's stored. SQL allows a wide variety of formulas included in the select list to project 1:SELECT * FROM booksWHERE price > BY titleThis is an example that could be used to get a list of expensive books. It retrieves the records from the books table that have a price field which is greater than . The result is sorted alphabetically by book title. The asterisk (*) means to show all columns of the books table. Alternatively, specific columns could be 2:SELECT , count(*) AS AuthorsFROM booksJOIN book_authors ON = BY could also be written asSELECT title, count(*) AS AuthorsFROM books NATURAL JOIN book_authors GROUP BY titleunder the precondition that book_number is the only common column name of the two tables and that a column named title only exists in 2 shows both the use of multiple tables in a join, and aggregation (grouping). This example shows how many authors there are per book. Example output may resemble:Title Authors---------------------- -------SQL Examples and Guide 3The Joy of SQL 1How to use Wikipedia 2Pitfalls of SQL 1How SQL Saved my Dog 1Data manipulationFirst, there are the standard Data Manipulation Language (DML) elements. DML is the subset of the language used to add, update and delete data: * INSERT is used to add rows (formally tuples) to an existing table. * UPDATE is used to modify the values of a set of existing table rows. * MERGE is used to combine the data of multiple tables. It is something of a combination of the INSERT and UPDATE elements. It is defined in the SQL:2003 standard; prior to that, some databases provided similar functionality via different syntax, sometimes called an "upsert". * DELETE removes zero or more existing rows from a Example:INSERT INTO my_table (field1, field2, field3) VALUES ('test', 'N', NULL);UPDATE Example:UPDATE my_table SET field1 = 'updated value' WHERE field2 = 'N';DELETE Example:DELETE FROM my_table WHERE field2 = 'N';Transaction controlsTransactions, if available, can be used to wrap around the DML operations: * BEGIN WORK (or START TRANSACTION, depending on SQL dialect) can be used to mark the start of a database transaction, which either completes completely or not at all. * COMMIT causes all data changes in a transaction to be made permanent. * ROLLBACK causes all data changes since the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK to be discarded, so that the state of the data is "rolled back" to the way it was prior to those changes being and ROLLBACK interact with areas such as transaction control and locking. Strictly, both terminate any open transaction and release any locks held on data. In the absence of a BEGIN WORK or similar statement, the semantics of SQL are WORK;UPDATE inventory SET quantity = quantity - 3 WHERE item = 'pants';COMMIT;Data definitionThe second group of keywords is the Data Definition Language (DDL). DDL allows the user to define new tables and associated elements. Most commercial SQL databases have proprietary extensions in their DDL, which allow control over nonstandard features of the database system. The most basic items of DDL are the CREATE,ALTER,RENAME,TRUNCATE and DROP commands: * CREATE causes an object (a table, for example) to be created within the database. * DROP causes an existing object within the database to be deleted, usually irretrievably. * TRUNCATE deletes all data from a table (non-standard, but common SQL command). * ALTER command permits the user to modify an existing object in various ways -- for example, adding a column to an existing TABLE my_table ( my_field1 INT, my_field2 VARCHAR (50), my_field3 DATE NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (my_field1, my_field2) );Data controlThe third group of SQL keywords is the Data Control Language (DCL). DCL handles the authorization aspects of data and permits the user to control who has access to see or manipulate data within the database. Its two main keywords are:GRANT Authorizes one or more users to perform an operation or a set of operations on an Removes or restricts the capability of a user to perform an operation or a set of SELECT, UPDATE ON my_table TO some_user, * ANSI-standard SQL supports double dash, --, as a single line comment identifier (some extensions also support curly brackets or C-style /* comments */ for multi-line comments).Example:SELECT * FROM inventory -- Retrieve everything from inventory table * Some SQL servers allow User Defined FunctionsCriticisms of SQLTechnically, SQL is a declarative computer language for use with "SQL databases". Theorists and some practitioners note that many of the original SQL features were inspired by, but in violation of, the relational model for database management and its tuple calculus realization. Recent extensions to SQL achieved relational completeness, but have worsened the violations, as documented in The Third addition, there are also some criticisms about the practical use of SQL: * Implementations are inconsistent and, usually, incompatible between vendors. In particular date and time syntax, string concatenation, nulls, and comparison case sensitivity often vary from vendor to vendor. * The language makes it too easy to do a Cartesian join (joining all possible combinations), which results in "run-away" result sets when WHERE clauses are mistyped. Cartesian joins are so rarely used in practice that requiring an explicit CARTESIAN keyword may be warranted. * It is also possible to misconstruct a WHERE on an update or delete, thereby affecting more rows in a table than desired. * SQL—and the relational model as it is—offer no standard way for handling tree-structures, . rows recursively referring other rows of the same table. Oracle offers a "CONNECT BY" clause, Microsoft offers recursive joins via Common Table Expressions, other solutions are database functions which use recursion and return a row set, as possible in PostgreSQL with PL/PgSQL.=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's server-side script engine for dynamically-generated web pages. It is marketed as an add-on to Internet Information Services (IIS). Programming ASP websites is made easier by various built-in objects. Each object corresponds to a group of frequently-used functionality useful for creating dynamic web pages. In ASP there are six such built-in objects: Application, ASPError, Request, Response, Server, and Session. Session, for example, is a cookie-based session object that maintains variables from page to ASP pages are written in VBScript, but any other Active Scripting engine can be selected instead by using the @Language directive or the