研究生英语议论文模板5段

议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点和主张的常用文体。接下来给大家分享英语议论文模板及范文，供参考。

Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2-3个赞成的理由)

However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2-3个反对的理由)

Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)

Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive

aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To

begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same

time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

Shall we send children to study abroad?

With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family. #p#分页标题#e#

In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, we’d better not do it.

导语：议论文是英语写作中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!

一.开头句型

far as ...is concerned 就……而言比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句可以肯定地说......

the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，可以用来引用名言名句

4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。

5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管

6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…

, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)

this respect, 从这个角度上

, 然而…

三.结尾句型

will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion

It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，

what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好

四.举例句型

1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子

… for example.就拿……为例子

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…

To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1

3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…

4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。

六表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)

2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .

七演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)

八因果推理法常用句型

we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

英语5段式议论文模板

Recently,the problem of__________has aroused people's concern. However, different people hold different attitudes toward. A lot of people seem to think that__________________ There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem does us much harm(good)I quite agree with the statement that ________________,The reason are chiefly as follows, to start with___________,in addition_________,perhaps the primary reason is ___________,It has more advantages than disadvantages(disadvantages thanadvantages)。In my opinion, Taking all these factors into consideration, We naturally came to the conclusion that_________________. Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 最近，_______问题已引起人们的关注，然而，人们的态度各不相同，很多人似乎以为_________ 毫无疑问，对________问题应该给予足够的重视。它对我们很有坏处（好处）。我十分赞同这一论述_________________，主要的原因包括_____________一个原因是_________ 另一个原因_________或许最主要的是_________________.它的利多弊少。弊多利少在我的观点，把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论_______________________。显然，现在我们提出解决问题方案正是时候。

由于英语作文考查的是学生词汇、语法、句式等各种知识的掌握情况,因此学生要写好英语作文,就必须全面掌握英语知识。下面，是我为你整理的高中英语作文议论文模板，希望对你有帮助!

第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论：

第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)

第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is

that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论：

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板：导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下) 正文：

第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文：

第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下) 正文：

第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构) 4."How to"类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文：

第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

议论文的核心问题是逻辑论证,即以翔实的论据和严密的论证表明论点、阐述道理。我精心收集了英语议论文作文万能句子，供大家欣赏学习!

举例句型

's take…to illustrate this.

's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

is one more example.

… for example.

same is true of…

offers a typical instance of…

may quote a common example of… think of…

表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

and B differ in…

differs from B in…

difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…

with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…

…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…

it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…

their similarities, A and B are also different.

A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…

most striking difference is that A…， while B…

演绎法常用的句型

are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

are many factors that may account for…， but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…，但以下是最典型的。

ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

reasons are as follows.

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入：

第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)

Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论：

第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点) オ

2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)

结论：

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ

3.观点论述类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)

The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)

正文：

第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构)

4."How to"类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文：

第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

段首万能句子

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2.俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old “s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……更为糟糕的是……

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily , ____ Second, makes things worse is that______.

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……

Nowadays，it is common to people like ______ because ，______.

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。()它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to people say that them,_____.

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ ，______，but why?

英语作文是可以提前积累一些模板的，在考试的时候套用这些句型，可以提高写作速度，也可以确保句式的准确性。下面是英语议论文的万能模板及范文，速看！

英语议论文写作模板一

recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题) has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. there are two major arguments that can be made for_________. for one thing， __________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一 )。 for another， it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。

but we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________， among which are ____________(列举缺点)。 for instance， it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。 in addition， many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)

when asked to __________， i tend to ____________. this is because i _______________(原因一 )。 furthermore， _______________________(原因二)。 finally， ______________(原因三)。

英语议论文写作模板二

the effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.

first ， __________________(影响一 )。 more importantly， ________________(影响二)。 hence， i believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ nevertheless， i do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)

there are numerous reasons why ____， and i would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. the first is that the more(比较级)_____， the more (比较级)。 in addition， we all agree that________________________(第二个原因)

In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon?

近几年，大学生发觉找工作越来越难了。这听起来很奇怪，因为年轻的大学生通常是聪明的，受过良好教育，上进和渴望他们的才华得到充分发挥的。那么，是什么引起这一奇怪现象呢？

There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good” enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.

有很多原因可以解释。首先，现在大学生的要求太高了。他们想要的是能提供较好的薪酬，舒适的工作环境，较高的社会地位的好工作。结果，大部分的大学生都不愿意接受他们认为不够好的空缺职位。另一个原因是一些学生在校学习的专业和空缺职位的需求有很大的差距。所以企业认为有些学生不适合那些工作。

Solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students. The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to–earth in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.

解决这一问题需要社会和学生的共同努力。企业应该看重学生，才能以及知识，而学生不应该只着眼于物质利益。他们应该脚踏实地的建立自己的职业生涯。另外，他们应该面对他们的弱点从而提高自己，使自己更有能力。

如何写研究论文英语5段

五段式提纲在英国论文中使用非常的频繁。Five-Paragraph Essay是什么？Five-Paragraph Essay也是就我们常说的五段式论文，这种论文的写作会显得非常的简易，但是想要写出一篇令人满意的五段式英语论文却没有那么容易，这需要我们学会一定的写作方法和技巧，那么五段式英文论文应该怎么写呢？一般来说，我们可以从论文的提纲出发来写出五段式的outline，这样能够更好地帮助我们写好五段式论文，下面让我们一起来看看五段式英文论文的提纲应该怎么写吧！五段式论文outline的格式毫无疑问，五段式的论文通常都是五个段落，而对于每个段落的内容分配，大家可以参考下面的例子：段落1：令人眼前一亮的introduction和一个涵盖我们论文所有重点的these statement；段落2：观点A + 3个支持论据；段落3：观点B + 3个支持论据；段落4：观点C + 3个支持论据；段落5：结尾总结，与我们的these statement和论据相呼应。现在，相信大家对五段式essay和其outline有一个框架上的大致了解了，那么，下面讲到的内容会让大家书写五段式outline时更加容易。写好五段式essay与outline的7个步骤：Step 1：确定我们论文的主题（topic）通常，我们的老师在给我们留一篇五段式的论文时也会一并给到我们论文的topic。对此51due的建议是大家的introduction要遵从老师给的topic，而在进行整体写作时，也需时刻follow老师给我们的topic。举个例子，老师给我们的topic通常会是下面这样的：“What are the arguments for or against writing a 5-paragraph essay? Should teachers continue requesting this writing method from students?”Step 2：确定我们的立场大家要从中找到自己的立场，当我们确定自己的立场后，就要从学校的资料库或者网上材料中找到足够的论据来支持自己的论点。要注意的是，我们在写essay之前一定要确认自己的立场（比如我们是否同意这个观点，一定是“是”或者“否”，或者一定从topic的两个观点中选出其中一个），否则，我们的论文将无法继续。这里51due要借用下上面给出的例子，例如选取的观点是“against the 5-paragraph writing。”Step 3：写出一个清晰的thesis statement依然借用上面的例子，51due刚才所选择的观点是“against the 5-paragraph writing。”，因此，我们的thesis statement必然是“Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays.”。在写thesis statement时，我们的thesis需明确且清晰。此外，“should”这个词在thesis statement中的使用会使句子更加有力度。比如在51due的thesis里，“Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays”要比“5-paragraph essay are boring”或类似的句子更加能明确51due的立场，也更有力。Step 4：用三个论点来强化我们的thesis现在我们需要三个论点来支撑我们的thesis，还是借用上面的例子，51due的三个论点如下：论点A：The 5-paragraph essay is too basic.论点B：There are myriad other ways to write essays, many of which are more thought-provoking and creative than the 5-paragraph essay.论点C： The 5-paragraph essay does not allow for analytical thinking, rather, it confines students to following a restrictive 5：给我们的每个论点找出三个论据我们的论据需要包括相应的证明、数据或者事实根据。用我们上面的论点A来做例子：论点A：The 5-paragraph essay is too basicSupport 1A:Chicago teacher Ray Salazar says, “The five-paragraph essay is rudimentary, unengaging, and useless.”Support 1B:Elizabeth Guzik of California State University, Long Beach says, “The five paragraph essay encourages students to engage only on the surface level without attaining the level of cogency demanded by college writing.”Support 1C:According to an article in Education Week, “There is a consensus among college writing professors that ‘students are coming [to college] prepared to do five-paragraph themes and arguments but [are] radically unprepared in thinking analytically.’”这里需要注意的是，在五段式文章的写作中，大家的每个论点最好都要有3个论据的支持，也就是说，我们的文章中总共有3个论点、9个论据。Step 6：扩展我们的outline首先，用一个“hook”来点亮我们的“introduction”部分，当大家确定自己的thesis和自己的论点论据之后，便可以开始扩展自己的五段式outline的整体构架了。首先，从大家的“introduction”部分开始，不过大家开始时需要用一个“hook”来点亮读者的眼睛。例如，对于51due的these来说，51due的hook可以是下面这样的：“English teachers across the nation have been teaching students to become ineffective writers.”这句话在51due的整体文章中就像是一个大胆的声明，可以起到鼓励51due文章的读者继续阅读下文来找出为何我会这样说的原因。尤其是当大家的读者恰恰是自己的英语老师时，他会更加愿意从大家的essay中发现一个让他眼前一亮的“hook”。Step 7：扩展自己的结尾段当大家有了整体的“outline”(大纲)之后，继续扩展自己结尾段的“conclusion”部分会变得相对容易。关于扩展结尾总结段，大家第一件需要注意的事情就是不要使用和前面，尤其是和thesis重复的词句来进行概括。在这一段里，大家需要使用不同的词来进行总结，并与前文相呼应。以51due上面的例子来说，如果51due要为自己的整个五段式论文做最后的总结，也许51due会这样来写：“Teachers should teach other methods of essay writing that help students stay organized and also allow them to think analytically.”

想要写一篇优秀的英文科研论文，就要先知道什么是优秀的论文什么不是。编辑不喜欢看到的文章类型：（1）逻辑混乱的文章（2）用语不当夸大其词或表述有误（3）语法和其他错误百出

通常而言一篇科研论文包含以下部分： Title Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Materials and Methods Acknowledgements

标题是编辑或者阅读者首先看到的，因此取一个好标题至关重要。我们要用最少的单词概括出文章的主题，对标题有以下三点要求： 1.简洁，完整，易懂 2.避免出现化学式或特殊符号 3.通常采取以下三种形式：短语式、句子式和主副式，比如：短语式： Cyro-EM structure of human DNA-PK holoenzyme A vital sugar code for ricin toxicity 句子式： Suppression of MAPK11 or HIPK3 reduces mutant Huntingtin level in Huntington's disease models Intermittent fasting promotes adipose thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis via VEGF-mediated alternative activation of macrophage 主副式： Class I histone deacetylases are major histone decrotonylases: evidecnce for critical and broad function of histone crotonylation in transcription

Abstract的目的是为了帮助读者快速了解文章的内容。有以下几个要求： 1.独立性和完整性可以单独存在并能够传达全文核心思想 2.简洁、准确、逻辑性强因为Abstract有字数限制，我们必须用短短几句话说明全文的核心思想，因此每一个单词和句子都要仔细斟酌 3.形式符合期刊的规范以发表在Cell Research 的‘5-Hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in cell-free DNA provide information about tumor types and stages’为例：

Green：课题背景高亮：结果（可以简单提实验方法）红线：总结（可以适当展望提升）

1.介绍本文研究领域的发展状况（mini-review）介绍内容一定是与本文主线最相关的研究背景。重要的点一定要涉及到。细节处可以在文中提及时再介绍。 2.通过讨论本研究领域为解决的问题（包括自己之前发表论文未解决的问题），自然过渡到介绍你的实验目的和重要性。 3.在结尾简单介绍本研究所做的内容和结论。注意：一定要在有限的篇幅内全面介绍已知科学背景，但是不要过度铺开，只要围绕文章主线着重介绍相关的背景即可。

相对而言这是一篇文章最轻松的部分，但是此部分也是最容易犯错的部分。通常方法材料部分的语法检查最不仔细，常见问题包括：时态、单复数、主动被动语态

1.逻辑很重要，有条理的叙述故事。注意段与段间的逻辑。可以在每一部分的小结果的开篇写一些承上启下的句子以连接段落。

讨论是相对难写的部分，讨论不是对结果简单的罗列，而是对结果进行更为深入的讨论：你的研究解决了领域中哪些问题和疑惑你的研究提出了哪些新的可能以后应该怎样去进一步研究等一般，还可以在结尾处再总结一下自己的研究成果

1976年，William Zinsser在《On Writing Well》提出优秀写作的三原则：

被动态包括：宾语+谓语+主语，或宾语+谓语 eg： Upon the chemical treatment, the activation of XX signaling pathway could be observed. 可以修改为： We could observe the activation of XX signaling pathway upon the chemical treatment.

General dysfunction of the immune system has been suggested in both mouse and human studies. 可以修改为： Both mouse and human studies suggested that XX (disease) cause general dysfunction of the immune system.

1.不需要介绍性短语。例如：as it is published; as it is known

2.去掉没有意义的词。例如: important

3.啰嗦的词简化，把精力花在主要的句子上 a majority of ->most a number of ->many all four of the ->the four due to the fact that ->because give rise to ->cause

4.重复意义的词或句子用一个 limit condition, output performance

5.剪掉一些副词：very, really, quite

6.用肯定语气 not harmful ->safe does not have ->lacks not correct ->wrong be not the result of A but B ->reflect B rather than A

7.不要常用there is/are There are many ways in which we can handle this case. ->We can handle this case in many ways.

The data suggest there is an association between temperature and crop diseases. ->The data suggest an association between temperature and crop diseases.

It is likely that there exists functional redundancy among XX proteins. ->It is likely that functional redundancy among XX proteins exists.

8.用标点符号来改变句式，精简语言分号(semicolon): 连接两个独立的从句。圆括号(parenthesis): 加入解释或一些想法，即使没有这部分句子也应该是独立的。冒号(Colon): 分隔能力弱于分号，比破折号要正式。用于列举，引用，举例，第二个从句是第一个从句的延伸。破折号(dash): 表示强调，解释或定义。留给重要的用处。

在英文写作中我们常犯的问题： 1.科学用语的准确性 2.时态错误（描述实验过程结果时用过去式，总结实验结果时用现在时） 3.单复数错误 4.'a','an','the'的使用错误 5.比较不对等： The root length of XX mutant is shorter than wild type rice. The root length of XXmutant is shorter than that of wild type rice. 6.用词或句式单一 7.语序问题 8.句子过长 9.使用口语化用词

这么w宽泛的题目，想必老师也e是个u。。。哎，个f人t建议吧，选定一q个d或者几x个k特定国家（含民族）的人r，介3绍下j他们的文3化7和谈判特点，写一o些自己x认5为4比7较适用的方8法。但是突出的主题则应该是，不m管对哪国或者哪个p公3司，自身的homework至关重要。你可以3结合如果做homework来写。 pヮ╔g瘠нl

论文写作技巧：

一、写作前

1、要知道在引言中陈述论点。

2、用论文的剩余部分陈述理由和证据，使论点得到充分支持。

3、考虑一下呈现这些内容的顺序：怎样安排段落之间的结构才是最清晰、最有说服力。

二、论文结构安排技巧

1、相似的想法通常应该集中在一起，而不是四处分散。

2、每个段落应该在字体上有区别，比如缩进或在段落之间留出额外的行间距。

3、每一段只应该陈述一个要点。

4、每个段落都可以看作是一篇小短文。

5、每一段都应该使用过渡词或短语连接到下一段。

6、段落的顺序应该符合逻辑，前后一致。

7、一旦同学写好了初稿，试着用一句话总结每个段落的要点。

研究生英语议论文高级模板

英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。

要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：

1、观点鲜明的开头

2、紧扣主题的结尾

3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落

另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。

在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。

goes without saying that…不言而喻…

can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……

the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，

has to be noticed that…必须注意到…

's generally recognized that…普遍认为…

1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展

2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.

3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……

我无法完全同意这一观点

far as I am concerned/In my opinion……

就我而言……

5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……

最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……