傲慢与偏见论文范本
《傲慢与偏见》是英国女小说家简·奥斯汀的创作的长篇小说,小说讲述了乡绅之女伊丽莎白·班内特的爱情故事。本文是我为大家整理的傲慢与偏见论文,仅供参考。
【摘要】 美国著名文艺评论家埃德蒙――威尔逊认为:最近一百多年以来,英国文学史上出现过几次趣味革命,文学口味的翻新影响了几乎所有作家的声誉,唯独莎士比亚和简奥斯丁经久不衰。
【关键词】 奥斯丁;文学;婚姻
简奥斯丁,生于斯蒂文顿乡一教区牧师家庭,收到较好的家庭教育,主要教材就是父亲的文学藏书,奥斯丁一家爱都流行小说,多半是庸俗的消遣品,她少女时期的习作就是对这类流行小说的滑稽模仿,这就形成了她作品中的嘲讽的基调。她的六部小说《理智与感伤》(1811)、《傲慢与偏见》(1813)、《曼斯菲尔德花园》(1814)、《艾玛》(1815)以及作者逝世后出版的《诺桑觉修道院》(1818)和《劝导》(1818),大半以乡镇上的中产阶级日常生活为题材,小说中充满了各式人物,男人和女人,老人和青年――其中一些是孩子,但为数不多――令读者难忘而栩栩如生,就像他/她自己的家人和朋友。简奥斯丁没有走出强加给自己的有限空间。她没有写豪门望族的故事――尽管她对北汉普街角的贵族家庭有所了解。通过描写爱情婚姻等方面的.矛盾冲突反映了十八世纪末十九世纪初英国社会的风貌,作品中往往通过喜剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢、自私、势力和盲目自信等可鄙可笑的弱点。奥斯丁的小说出现在十九世纪初叶,一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流,继承和发展了英国十八世纪优秀现实主义传统,为十九世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备,起到了承上启下的重要作用。
其中,《傲慢与偏见》实属世界文库中不可多得的珍品,被毛姆列入世界十大小说名著之一。它以男女青年的恋爱婚姻为题材,以男女主人公的爱情纠葛为主线,共计描述了四起姻缘,成为作者最富于喜剧色彩,最引人入胜的一部作品。
奥斯丁明确划定了婚姻的“好坏”标准,不幸的婚姻大致有两种:一像夏洛特和柯林斯那样,完全建立在经济基础上;二像莉迪亚和威科姆那样,纯粹建立在美貌和情欲的基础上。与她们相反,伊丽莎白与达西、简与宾利,他们的婚事是建立在爱情的基础上,这是真正的美满姻缘。尤其是伊丽莎白,她对达西先拒绝后接受,充分说明:“没有爱情可千万不能结婚。”
其次,恋爱婚姻既然是关系到终身幸福的大事,那就一定要严肃谨慎,切不可让表面现象蒙住眼睛。伊丽莎白因为受到达西的怠慢,便对他产生了偏见,而当“风度翩翩”的威科姆向她献殷勤时,她便对他萌发了好感,直至听信他的无耻谰言,进一步加深了她对达西的偏见和憎恶,后来她自责说,之所以会做出这种蠢事,完全是虚荣心在作祟。事实证明:“初次印象”是不可靠的,而偏见又比无知更可怕。
另外,婚姻不仅是个人问题,而且是个社会问题。莉迪亚的私奔引起了全家人乃至所有亲友的惊恐,因为大家都明白,这件丑事假若酿成了丑闻,不但会害得莉迪亚身败名裂,还会连累亲友们,特别是她的借个姐姐,将因此而很难找到体面地归宿。后来因为达西挽救,莉迪亚才没有“一失足成千古恨”。与此相反,伊丽莎白和简圆满出嫁之后,自然给另外两个妹妹带来了希望和机会。作者这是告诉我们:人们考虑婚姻大事,不能光顾自己,还要对亲友负责,对社会负责。虽然现在是思想解放的社会,但是在中国,受到传统思想的影响,婚姻幸福与否,这些还是相当重要的因素。
英国学者H沃尔波尔:“这个世界,凭理智来领会是个喜剧,凭感情来领会是个悲剧。”奥斯丁凭借理智来领会世界,创作了一部描述世态人情的喜剧作品。书中有两个滑稽人物,贝内特太太是个“智力贫乏,孤陋寡闻,喜怒无常”的女人,因为嫁女心切,完全生活在一厢情愿的幻觉中,每遇到一个“有钱单身汉”就将其视为自己某位女儿的“合法财产”。而柯林斯牧师是个集自负和谦卑于一身的蠢汉,他一方面对贵族德布尔夫人自卑自贱,另一方面又对他人自命不凡,经常生活在妄自尊大的幻觉中。奥斯丁的讽刺艺术,不仅表现在某些人物的喜剧性格上,也不仅表现在众多情节的喜剧性处理上,而且还融汇在整个故事的反讽构思中,让现实对人们的主观臆想进行嘲讽。
对话,是文学创作塑造人物形象的基本资料和基本手段。奥斯丁在创作人物对话时,一方面注意运用对话来刻画人物形象,另一方面又善于利用说话人、听话人、读者在动机和理解上的差异,制造多层次语调,致使她的对话具有既鲜明生动、富有个性,又含义丰富、耐人寻味两大特色。例如:达西趁宾利小姐弹起一只苏格兰小曲时,邀请伊丽莎白跳舞:“贝内特小姐,你是不是很想抓住这个机会跳一曲里尔舞?”打死这话说得虽然有些傲慢,但是他主观上还是想讨好伊丽莎白,可是伊丽莎白听起来却不以为然。她认为里尔舞是一种乡土舞,达西邀请她跳这种舞,是想蔑视她的“低级趣味”,于是正颜厉色的回道:“我压根儿不想跳里尔舞--现在,你是好样的就蔑视我吧。”达西回答:“实在不敢。”这句话可能做出多层解释:伊丽莎白仅仅看作对方是在献殷勤,宾利小姐可能理解成想结“良缘”的表示,而读者可能会发现,达西心里可能在想,“这位迷人的小姐着实厉害,我这次只能认输,以后可得谨慎从事。”类似这些微妙的对话,让人回味无穷。
总而言之,在《傲慢与偏见》中,简奥斯丁运用最精湛的语言,展现了她对人性的最透彻的理解,四处洋溢着机智幽默,令人感到光彩夺目,情趣盎然。
哈哈,我的论文也是《傲慢与偏见》,下面是我的一些参考文献,你可以看下 Austen. Pride and Prejudice. Shanghai World Books Press, 2007. Jiayong. Today’s Most Popular Study Guides: Pride and Prejudice. Tianjin:Tianjin Technology Translation Press, Weiping. A History of the Artistic Development of the English Novel. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, . Black Cat有声名著阶梯阅读: Pride and Prejudice. Huadong Normal University Press, 2004.
Austen,Jane.Jane Austen’s letters.ed.Deirdre Le Faye.Oxford and NewYork:Ox~rd UniversityPress.1995. [7]Austen,Jane.Pride andPrejudice.1813.Bantam Classic Edition. 1981 [8]Copeland,E.& Mcmaster,J.The CambridgeCompanion to Jane Austen.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity Press.1998.[9]William J Fitzpatrick,Jane Austin’s PRIDE ANDPREJUDICE,Simon & Schuster,1964.[10]Nark Schorer. Pride and Prejudice,Riverside Edition—B1,Boston,1956. [11]R. W.. Chapman,Jane Austen:A CriticalBibliography,22nd Edition,London,Annotated,1955. [12]David Daiches,Introductionto Pride and Prejudice. Modern Library,New York,1950
First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently been Jane Austen's most popular novel. It portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty Darcy. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which Elizabeth and Darcy first view each other. The original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title First Impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of Austen's own tongue-in-cheek opinion of her work, in a letter to her sister Cassandra immediately after its publication, was: "Upon the whole... I am well satisfied enough. The work is rather too light, and bright, and sparkling; it wants [. needs] shade; it wants to be stretched out here and there with a long chapter of sense, if it could be had; if not, of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story: an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott, or the history of Buonaparté, or anything that would form a contrast and bring the reader with increased delight to the playfulness and general epigrammatism of the general style".Jump to the Pride and Prejudice table of contents. Document structure:This Pride and Prejudice e-text is fairly thoroughly hypertexted, but there are no cross references from one part of the main body of the text to another part. Instead, links go into or out of the main text, either to or from one of five indexes: The list of characters, the list of events in chronological order, the comments on random topics, the index to the motifs of "pride" and "prejudice", or the list of important places (with a map).It has been pointed out that since Chapter 1 is marked up pretty much the same way as any other chapter, those who have never read Pride and Prejudice before may find a confusing plethora of links in the first few chapters -- don't feel you have to click on to use this DocumentIf you have a graphics browser, then you will see little mini-icons preceding links in some menus in the Pride and Prejudice hypertext (and elsewhere in the Jane Austen pages):A down-arrow indicates a link to the next subdocument in a series (or to a later point, often the end, in the current subdocument). An up-arrow indicates a link to the preceding subdocument in a series (or to an earlier point, often the beginning, in the current subdocument). A curvy back-arrow indicates a jump back to a superordinate document (often a higher-level table of contents). A rightwards-pointing arrow indicates all other links (. links to a subdocument subordinate to the current one, or random "sideways" links). One practical point is that when web browsers follow a link, they tend to put the text referenced by the link at the extreme top of the screen or window, which can be a little awkward for a document which includes many links which go to the middle of a paragraph, as this one does. When you have followed a link, and the promised topic of the link doesn't seem to immediately leap into prominence, look near or at the top of the window, and then scroll back a few lines if necessary to get the immediate context of the reference. On the other hand, when there is a reference to a location near the end of an HTML file, some browsers (including the most frequently used graphic browsers!) will put the end of the file at the bottom of the window, with no indication of where in the window the target location is. (Complain to the software companies about these annoying browser peculiarities.)
这里是Jane Austen的pridepre&judice介绍站,其中有写作风格与总结。 还有:
按照当时的社会背景和社会文化作者的婚姻观还真没什么好反的不过,我可以说一下,写《简爱》的作者是很反我亲爱的Jane Austen的婚姻关的,你可以去找有关她们的传记,稍稍负责的人都应该提到过她们对立的婚姻观随便说一下,楼上的答案么强,想也轮不到我
First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently been Jane Austen's most popular novel. It portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and tells of the initial misunderstandings and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet (whose liveliness and quick wit have often attracted readers) and the haughty Darcy. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the ways in which Elizabeth and Darcy first view each other. The original version of the novel was written in 1796-1797 under the title First Impressions, and was probably in the form of an exchange of Austen's own tongue-in-cheek opinion of her work, in a letter to her sister Cassandra immediately after its publication, was: "Upon the whole... I am well satisfied enough. The work is rather too light, and bright, and sparkling; it wants [. needs] shade; it wants to be stretched out here and there with a long chapter of sense, if it could be had; if not, of solemn specious nonsense, about something unconnected with the story: an essay on writing, a critique on Walter Scott, or the history of Buonaparté, or anything that would form a contrast and bring the reader with increased delight to the playfulness and general epigrammatism of the general style".Jump to the Pride and Prejudice table of contents. Document structure:This Pride and Prejudice e-text is fairly thoroughly hypertexted, but there are no cross references from one part of the main body of the text to another part. Instead, links go into or out of the main text, either to or from one of five indexes: The list of characters, the list of events in chronological order, the comments on random topics, the index to the motifs of "pride" and "prejudice", or the list of important places (with a map).It has been pointed out that since Chapter 1 is marked up pretty much the same way as any other chapter, those who have never read Pride and Prejudice before may find a confusing plethora of links in the first few chapters -- don't feel you have to click on to use this DocumentIf you have a graphics browser, then you will see little mini-icons preceding links in some menus in the Pride and Prejudice hypertext (and elsewhere in the Jane Austen pages):A down-arrow indicates a link to the next subdocument in a series (or to a later point, often the end, in the current subdocument). An up-arrow indicates a link to the preceding subdocument in a series (or to an earlier point, often the beginning, in the current subdocument). A curvy back-arrow indicates a jump back to a superordinate document (often a higher-level table of contents). A rightwards-pointing arrow indicates all other links (. links to a subdocument subordinate to the current one, or random "sideways" links). One practical point is that when web browsers follow a link, they tend to put the text referenced by the link at the extreme top of the screen or window, which can be a little awkward for a document which includes many links which go to the middle of a paragraph, as this one does. When you have followed a link, and the promised topic of the link doesn't seem to immediately leap into prominence, look near or at the top of the window, and then scroll back a few lines if necessary to get the immediate context of the reference. On the other hand, when there is a reference to a location near the end of an HTML file, some browsers (including the most frequently used graphic browsers!) will put the end of the file at the bottom of the window, with no indication of where in the window the target location is. (Complain to the software companies about these annoying browser peculiarities.)
论《傲慢与偏见》一书中达西先生的蜕变。。。。我觉得可以把这个问题深入下去,不是只谈这部作品,不是只看达西这一个人,可以由此为出发点探讨一下18世纪英国上层社会的情况以及当时的贵族绅士作风对现在英国人的影响.在我看来,原本以达西及其姨母等一群人为代表的上层社会首先是对以班纳特家为代表的中产阶级感到鄙夷,也许还有些好奇,渐渐地,达西被伊丽莎白的个性所吸引,而后来他的姨母也对伊丽莎白不同常人敢于顶撞她的性格表示赞赏.说白了,他们就是平时被奉承惯了想换换口味,就跟<<还珠格格>>里一帮皇亲国戚被小燕子吸引道理是一样的.至于达西后来的所谓感性表现,那是坠入爱河后再正常不过的表现了.(我似乎更喜欢宾利一点呢)
你可以写:教养问题我觉得这会是一个很好的题目,伊丽莎白在那些大的官僚家族眼里是没有教养的,可事实并不是这样,她不卑不亢,面对谁都是泰然自若的样子,这才是真正的素质, 具体的可以参考这偏文章还有,如果你想写婚姻方面的,不一定要写婚姻和金钱的关系,傲慢与偏见展示了好几对婚姻,分别展现了不同的主题,具体可以参考这篇文章:还有你的论文是英文版的还是中文版的?我刚刚写完了偏傲慢与偏见的英文版论文,要的话可以发给你,
我研读过傲慢与偏见拟题:1.感情与功利,孰轻孰重?2.感情胜于功利 ——阐述一种婚姻观念
任务书+开题报告+文献综述+外文文献翻译+论文 摘 要 简·奥斯汀是英国著名小说家,虽然终身未嫁,但婚恋却是她小说创作中的一贯主题。18世纪的英国,影响婚姻的主要因素之一是资产,这与当时的社会环境息息相关。另一主要因素是地位,这是由社会传统价值观所决定的。简则对婚姻有着他独特的见解:爱情是婚姻最基本的条件,但财富有时是幸福生活的坚实基础。除此之外,婚姻还应当门当户对。她的代表作《傲慢与偏见》就是通过对几对青年的婚姻描述,表明了她的婚姻观。 本文运用马斯洛的“需要层次”理论分析《傲慢与偏见》中三对青年男女的婚恋观:韦翰和丽迪雅的结合纯属“生理需要”层次的冲动:柯斯林与夏绿蒂的婚姻基本上出于对“生理需要”和“安全需要”的满足:达西与伊丽莎白的婚恋过程则主要是爱情与尊重的有机结合,并体现出“自我实现的需要”。由此揭示出个人不同婚恋选择的最直接原因在于其内驱力因素以及需要层次的差异。 文章主要分为五个部分。通过介绍简·奥斯汀的生活背景和运用马斯洛的“需要层次”理论,文章分析了小说《傲慢与偏见》三对青年男女的婚恋观。总之,建立在爱情基础上的婚姻才会幸福,贪图金钱和情欲的婚姻不会幸福;财产和社会地位在婚姻中起举足轻重的作用,但不应该单纯地为了金钱而结婚。
这里是Jane Austen的pridepre&judice介绍站,其中有写作风格与总结。 还有:
文学论文:浅谈《傲慢与偏见》中叙述视角和写作意义“假若对他们更多的内心描写,读者对他们十分了解,那就会失去很多悬念,使情节显得平淡乏味。”③也有人(如E·M·哈里)从观察角度转换出发,曾对此进行过某种类似的分析,但又都仅止于此,未能指出这种叙事角度的设置之于作品主题意旨、思想蕴含的表达究竟意味着什么。自然,如果将伊丽莎白叙事学上的意义仅仅理解为由叙述边缘走向了叙述中心,未免失之肤浅。众所周知,叙事学研究到目前为止已经超越了审美和艺术的范畴,“像里柯、怀特、詹姆森这些批评家关心的是探讨叙述对于人的社会心理意识,尤其是对人的价值观念和认识的形成所起的作用。在他们那里,叙述不再是单纯的审美概念而是一个认识的概念”④。 不同的叙述行为可以使同样的叙述内容产生并不一样的叙述话语和精神指向,关于谁的故事和从谁的角度讲述故事的背后往往隐藏着富有深蕴的潜台词。《傲慢与偏见》的叙述视角的转移使集中笔墨展现伊丽莎白的全部外在活动变得自然而然,也为读者打探她精微隐曲的情感世界提供了契机。苏珊·朗格认为:“一个符号总是以简括的形式来表现它的意义,这正是我们可以把握它的原因。”⑤从符号转化的内在机制看,艺术创造的过程,是一个抽象的形式化过程,艺术抽象不是对生活镜子式的表现和反映,而是一个选择的过程,是企图用具体感性的符号形式将有意味的东西从事物与现象的一片混沌中揭示出来,从而来抵达事物与现象的本质。当读者掩卷沉思,并不难得出小说《傲慢与偏见》是一个关于伊丽莎白的故事的结论,由于作家给予了她极大的叙述热情和兴趣,整个叙述在她的视界里逐步展开,使之不仅成为了名副其实的故事主人公的形象和叙述中心,而且由于作家将自身的价值判断、理想追求寄予在她的身上,她甚至 嬗 变为了小说艺术世界的一个尺度。诚然,伊丽莎白论长相漂亮与性情温柔不及姐姐吉英,在才艺与举止优雅方面比不上彬格莱小姐,但她却是父亲眼中最引以为豪的女儿,对傲慢的达西有着挡不住的魅惑。这其中固然有她天性活泼、聪慧大方等诸种原因,但更在于她那种建立在真才实学基础上的敏锐的观察力和判断力,强烈的自信心和精神上的优越意识, 乃至于还包括某种迷人的反抗性格。她不再是男性世界的陪衬和附庸,更不是作为男性欲望的客体对象而存在,相反在智性和精神上表现出了高度的自信和独立不倚,折射出了作家自身的女性人格理想和崭新的妇女观。质言之,伊丽莎白一定程度上成为了暗含作者的代言人。无怪乎奥斯丁说伊丽莎白是一切印刷物中最可爱的创造物,而且不能忍受那些连她也不喜欢的人。海德格尔强调语言的本体论,在他看来,人生存于语言中,由于语言的存在才使人的历史性存在成为可能,所以语言是人生存的家园。语言不惟是人与世界的联结的通道,语言能力其实隐含着话语权力,失落了对话语的控制就几乎失去了对世界的控制,一个不可言说的世界就是不可控制的世界。法国学者罗兰·巴尔特致力于语言符号的意识形态研究,写作在他的语言符号理论中有着特殊的地位。他认为写作应该被视为渗透在各种符号活动中的一种颠覆行为,是语言城市中的“特洛伊木马",因为它可以从内部来攻击现存的语言体制。在语言被总体化、中心化的情况下,意义已经被垄断,写作却可以在消除意义的同时又生产意义,滋生出意义的多元化和多义性。因此,巴尔特进一步指出,写作的过程就是粉碎了意义垄断和人为限制的过程,写作的本质在于它是建构意义多元化的途径。 写作本身在相当长的时期里是一种话语特权。自古希腊始,男人在形而上学中即被界定为创造一切的本质,甚至形成了女性是男人“孕育”出来的思想。亚里士多德的观点可以说代表了西方文化男权制的实质:男人是完全的,女人只是一种残缺不全的版本,不仅而且也应该比男性智力低劣。男权文化以生物学上的某种先天差异将性别歧视合理化,通过性别之间的主次划分和优劣从属的区别,将社会压迫合法化。因此,是社会性别而非生物性别决定了男女有别。传统以来对女性职能的家庭定位,对女性智力的恶意嘲讽,以及将女性视为欲望化的对象,使女性失落了主体性而一直被湮没于历史的深处。文字发明后文学的书面样式便取代了口头文学为主导的样式,在传统时代识文断字和受教育是一种社会特权,因此只有特权阶层才有可能从事文学活动,并通过文字而垄断运用文字所进行的文学创造,从而控制着人类的精神活动的形式,主宰着意义和价值的阐释权。女性作为一个漫长历史长河里的“失声集团”几乎是沉默无语的,以 “第二性”的身份被排斥在包括文学世界在内的社会的经济、政治和公共生活之外。弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫曾悲愤地指出,女人智力上的自由比希腊奴隶的子孙还要少, 所以女人就绝对没有机会写诗。由于女性语言与表述能力在历史上的缺席,未能建立起自己的可以任人评说的价值体系,才使得女性世界进一步被边缘化。在这个意义上看,女性作家走入文学创作的符号系统,其本身不失为历史的一个巨大进步。然而,即便是到了女性可以写作的时代,女性的文学之路也是举步维艰,写作的天空依然是低矮的.。在十八世纪的英国,一个女人所有的文学上的训练至多是观察性格、分析情感和属意于私人化的自我表现。古希腊抒情女诗人萨福的浪漫叙事和其在作品中彰显出的温柔、甜蜜和纯洁的写作特征,被后来的男性批评家指认为女性创作的圭臬。单纯而优雅的文体,含蓄而谦逊的文风,道德化的主题追求,逐步内化为女性作家们一种自觉的追求,叙述话语和语言能力被拘囿于书写爱情与家长里短,把闲适、消遣和释放心灵的郁结当作了天经地义的写作目的。女性的话语形态和思维方式,长期被固定在男性话语规范之下而被迫迷失了自我,为了得到男性话语的首肯与认可,更多的时候是隐匿女性特征,遵从男性作家的写作范式来进行仿男性写作或者超性别写作。而文体意识的自觉似乎是不可能的,女性意识的关注与生动表达则更是不合时宜。要改变这一无我状态,女性就得拥有一套自己的语言和表述方式,并在这种语言中将自己清晰地呈现出来。如此以来,才可能迈出女性在历史叙述中“失声”的尴尬境遇,改写女性被对象化、客体化的存在状况,甚至传达出向来被遮蔽的女性主体意识。 在十八世纪末期,随着资本主义经济的发展和海外殖民地的开拓,社会财富不断增加,英国中产阶级妇女作为一个显赫的社会阶层凸现出来,对阅读和写作的诉求,使女性作家浮出了历史的地表,悄然出现在由男性写作构筑的文化场域的边缘。到了十八世纪的最后二十五年, 英国小说甚至几乎为女性所垄断。但客观地说,这些小说仍然是在男性写作的樊篱中亦步亦趋,与真正意义上的女性写作和女性意识的表达尚有相当的距离。阿芙拉·班恩、德拉里维尔·曼丽和伊里扎·海伍德是稍早于奥斯丁的三位英国女作家,当她们的小说对父权制写作传统有所忤逆,不免有“出格”与“离经叛道”之嫌,在当时都遭遇到了激烈的批评乃至是人身攻击,被定格为堕落无耻的色情作家而几近逐出文坛,直到她们“改邪归正”才重新被文坛所接纳。然而这个时期的奥斯丁却独树一帜,一反当时普遍流行的“哥特式小说”、“感伤小说”的创作方式,以其独特和巧妙的文本策略,与后来的勃朗特、乔治·艾略特以及乔治·桑等作家一道,对既定的写作范式、文学秩序构成了一种冲击,使英国文学走向了一个文化上的“弑父”时代。弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫对此感慨不已:“假使我能重写历史,我一定要把这个变化描写得更仔细,认为比十字军、蔷薇战争都要重要,这就是中流社会的妇女开始写作了。”⑥法国女权主义批评家克莉斯蒂娃指出,女性要进入为男性所把握的话语体系,要么借用他的口吻、概念、立场,用他规定的符号系统所认可的方式发言,要么用异常语言来言说,用话语体系中的空白、缝隙及异常的排列方式来言说。如果说阿芙拉·班恩等作家的写作属于前者,奥斯丁的创作则无疑表征着后者。《傲慢与偏见》中女性意识的彰显,对文学话语霸权的抗争,正是源于特殊叙述视角的设置、自身话语方式的建构和因此所可能具有的生产性意义,亦即使女性开始有意识地由被描绘、被书写的客体转换为自我书写的主体。这一转变有着特殊的意义,通过一种“有意味的形式”,改写了文学传统中女性被动的叙述格局,消解了“男/女”、“主体/客体”、“中心/边缘”的写作模式。
《傲慢与偏见》作品赏析 《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯丁的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材,一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法,生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者,时至今日,仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。 奥斯丁在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理,表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度,从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观:为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的;而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此,她既反对为金钱而结婚,也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性,并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。书中的女主人公伊丽莎白出身于小地主家庭,为富豪子弟达西所热爱。达西不顾门第和财富的差距,向她求婚,却遭到拒绝。伊丽莎白对他的误会和偏见是一个原因,但主要的是她讨厌他的傲慢。因为达西的这种傲慢实际上是地位差异的反映,只要存在这种傲慢,他与伊丽莎白之间就不可能有共同的思想感情,也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊丽莎白亲眼观察了达西的为人处世和一系列所作所为,特别是看到他改变了过去那种骄傲自负的神态,消除了对他的误会和偏见,从而与他缔结了美满姻缘。伊丽莎白对达西先后几次求婚的不同态度,实际上反映了女性对人格独立和平等权利的追求。这是伊丽莎白这一人物形象的进步意义。 从小说看,伊丽莎白聪敏机智,有胆识,有远见,有很强的自尊心,并善于思考问题。就当时一个待字闺中的小姐来讲,这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质,才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见,并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭。 在《傲慢与偏见》中,奥斯丁还写了伊丽莎白的几个姐妹和女友的婚事,这些都是陪衬,用来与女主人公理想的婚姻相对照。如夏绿蒂和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活,但他们之间没有爱情,这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在华丽外衣下的社会悲剧。 奥斯丁的小说尽管题材比较狭窄,故事相当平淡,但是她善于在日常平凡事物中塑造鲜明的人物形象,不论是伊丽莎白、达西那种作者认为值得肯定的人物,还是魏克翰、柯林斯这类遭到讽刺挖苦的对象,都写得真实动人。同时,奥斯丁的语言是经过锤炼的,她在对话艺术上讲究幽默、讽刺,常以风趣诙谐的语言来烘托人物的性格特征。这种艺术创新使她的作品具有自己的特色。 小说在线阅读 书摘 “吉英何尝把任何人看作坏人?不管是什么样的人,无论他过去的行为怎样,除非等到事实证明了那个人确实是坏,她怎么会相信人家会存这种心肠?可是说到韦翰的底细,吉英却和我一样明白。我们俩都知道他是个不折不扣的淫棍,他既没有人格,又不顾体面,一味虚情假意,柔声媚气。” 这番话使嘉丁纳太太起了极大的好奇心,想要弄明白外甥女儿怎么知道这些事情的,便大声问道:“这些情形你真的都了解吗?” 伊丽莎白红着脸回答道:“我当然了解,那一天我已经把他对待达西先生的无耻行为说给你听过。人家待他那么宽宏大量,可是你上次在浪搏恩的时候,曾经亲耳听到他是以什么的态度谈到人家。还有许多事情我不便于说,也不值得说,可是他对于彭伯里府上造谣中伤的事实,真是数说不尽。他把达西小姐说成那样一个人,使得我开头完全把她当做一位骄傲冷酷,惹人讨厌的小姐。然而他自己也知道事实完全相反。他心里一定明白,达西小姐正象我们所看到的那样和蔼可亲,一些也不装腔作势。” “难道丽迪雅完全不知道这些事吗?既然你和吉英都了解得那么透彻,她自己怎么会完全不晓得?” “糟就糟在这里。我自己也是到了肯特郡以后,常常跟达西先生和他的亲戚弗茨威廉上校在一起,才知道真相。等我回得家来,某某郡的民兵团已经准备在一两个星期以内就要离开麦里屯了。当时我就把这情形在吉英面前和盘托出,吉英和我都觉得不必向外面声张,因为街坊四邻既然都对韦翰有好感,如果叫大家对他印象转坏,这会对谁有好处?甚至于临到决定让丽迪雅跟弗斯脱太太一块儿走的时候,我还不想叫丽迪雅了解他的人品。我从来没想到她竟会被他欺。你可以相信我万万想不到会造成这样的后果。” “那么说,他们开拔到白利屯去的时候,你还是毫不在意,没想到他们俩已经爱上了吧?” “根本没想到。我记得他们谁都没有流露出相爱的意思,要知道,当初只要看出了一点形迹,在我们那样的一个家庭里是不会不谈论的。他刚到部队里来的时候,她就对他十分爱慕,当时我们大家都是那样。在开头一两个月里面,麦里屯一带的姑娘们没有哪一个不为他神魂颠倒;可是他对她却不曾另眼相看。后来那一阵滥爱狂恋的风气过去了,她对他的幻想也就消失了,因为民兵团里其他的军官们更加看重她,于是她的心又转到他们身上去了。” 他们一路上把这个有趣的话题翻来复去地谈论,谈到哪些地方值得顾虑,哪些地方还可以寄予希望;揣想起来又是如何如何;实在再也谈不出什么新意来了,只得暂时住口。可是隔了不多一会儿,又谈到这件事上面来了;这是可想而知的。伊丽莎白的脑子里总是摆脱不开这件事。她为这件事自怨自艾,没有一刻能够安心,也没有一刻能够忘怀。 他们匆匆忙忙赶着路,在中途住宿了一夜,第二天吃饭的时候就到了浪搏恩。伊丽莎白感到快慰的是,总算没有让吉英等得心焦。 他们进了围场,嘉丁纳舅舅的孩子们一看见一辆马车,便赶到台阶上来站着;等到马车赶到门口的时候,孩子们一个个惊喜交集,满面笑容,跳来蹦去,这是大人们回来时第一次受到的愉快热诚的欢迎。 伊丽莎白跳下马车,匆匆忙忙把每个孩子亲吻了一下便赶快向门口奔去,吉英这时候正从母亲房间里跑下楼来,在那儿迎接她。 伊丽莎白热情地拥抱着她,姐妹两人都热泪滚滚。伊丽莎白一面又迫不及待地问她是否听到那一对私奔的男女有什么下落。 “还没有听到什么下落,”吉英回答道。“好在亲爱的舅舅回来了,我希望从此以后一切都会顺利。” “爸爸进城去了吗?” “进城去了,他是星期二走的,我信上告诉过你了。” “常常收到他的信吗?” “只收到他一封信。是星期三寄来的,信上三言两语,只说他已经平安抵达,又把他的详细地址告诉了我,这还是他临走时我特别要求他写的。另外他只说,等到有了重要消息,再写信来。” “妈好吗?家里人都好吗?” “我觉得妈还算好,只不过精神上受了很大的挫折。她在楼上;她看到你们回来,一定非常快活。她还在自己的化妆室里呢。谢天谢地,曼丽和吉蒂都非常好。” “可是你好吗?”伊丽莎白又大声问道。“你脸色苍白。你一定担了多少心思啊!” 姐姐告诉她完好无恙。姐妹俩趁着嘉丁纳夫妇忙于应付孩子们的时候,刚刚谈了这几句话,只见他们一大群男女老幼都走过来了,于是谈话只得终止。吉英走到舅父母跟前去表示欢迎和感谢,笑一阵又哭一阵。 大家都走进会客室以后,舅父母又把伊丽莎白刚才问过的那些话重新问了一遍,立刻就发觉吉英没有什么消息可以奉告。吉英因为心肠慈善,总是从乐观的方面去着想,即使事到如今,她还没有心灰意冷,她还在指望着一切都会有圆满的结局;总有哪一天早上她会收到一封信,或者是父亲写来的,或者是丽迪雅写来的,信上会把事情进行的经过详细报道一番,或许还会宣布那一对男女的结婚消息。 大家谈了一会儿以后,都到班纳特太太房里去了。果然不出所料,班纳特太太见到他们便眼泪汪汪,长吁短叹。她先把韦翰的卑劣行为痛骂了一顿,又为自己的病痛和委屈抱怨了一番,她几乎把每个人都骂到了,只有一个人没骂到,而那个人却正是盲目溺爱女儿,使女儿铸成大错的主要原因。 她说:“要是当初能够依了我的打算,让全家人都跟着到白利屯去,那就不会发生这种事了。丽迪雅真是又可怜又可爱。毛病就出在没有人照应。弗斯脱太太怎么竟放心让她离开他们跟前呢?我看,一定是他们太怠慢了她。象她那样一个姑娘,要是有人好好地照料她,她是决不会做出那种事来的。我一直觉得他们不配照管她;可是我一直要受人家摆布。可怜的好孩子呀!班纳特先生已经走了,他一碰到韦翰,一定会跟他拚个死活,他一定会给韦翰活活打死,那叫我们大家可怎么办?他尸骨未寒,柯林斯一家人就要把我们撵出去;兄弟呀,要是你不帮帮我们的忙,我就真不知道怎么是好啦。”(第47章) [电影名称] 傲慢与偏见 [主要演员] 凯拉·奈特丽Keira Knightley 罗萨蒙德·派克Rosamund Pike [导 演] 乔·赖特Joe Wright [类 别] 言情片 剧情简介 “凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶位太太,这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉,每逢新搬到一个地方,四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何,见解如何,可是,既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固,因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。” 这是英国著名女作家简·奥斯汀的代表作《傲慢与偏见》的开篇一段话,引出了一段发生在十九世纪初英国的关于爱与价值的经典故事。 众所周知,奥斯汀在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理,表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度,从而也反映了作者本人对爱情对婚姻的想法:单单为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的;而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此,她既反对以金钱为目的的结婚,也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性,并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。 故事的女主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特(凯拉·奈特丽)出身于小地主家庭有四个姐妹,姐姐简·班纳特、妹妹玛丽·班纳特、凯蒂·班纳特和莱蒂娅·班纳特。姐妹五人单调且略显平静的生活伴随着两个年轻小伙子的到来而泛起无可平灭的波澜。健康向上的宾格里和富家子达西(马修·麦克法登)是一对要好的朋友,在结识了镇上班纳特家的这“五朵金花”之后,一段美丽而饱含“傲慢与偏见”的爱情故事…… 影片评价 《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材,一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法,生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者,时至今日,仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。而且至今,根据这部名著改编的电影电视作品也不下十几部不过其间佳作甚少。或许,只有1948年版本的《傲慢与偏见》算是能给我们留下些许的印象,影片在各方面都称得上有不错的表现,而且在电影之外还有脍炙人口的音乐得以流传。 从小说原著中看,伊丽莎白聪敏机智、有胆识、有远见,且具有很强的自尊心,并善于思考问题。就当时一个算得上大户闺中的小姐来讲,这是非常难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质,才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见,并导致她与达西经过了百般的周折之后,组成美满的家庭。另外,在故事中,作者还描写了伊丽莎白的几个姐妹和女友的婚事,这些都是陪衬,用来与女主人公理想的婚姻相对照。例如夏洛蒂和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活,但他们之间没有爱情,这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在华丽外衣下的社会悲剧…… 傲慢与偏见主要影视版本 40版 优点是演员非常著名,达西英俊、伊丽莎白美丽,但是奥利夫是演莎翁话剧出身,由 于剧种不同,话剧演员一般而言更具舞台效果,比普通电影演员要演得夸张,这也使得奥 利夫在该电影中的表演为影评人所诟病。相比之下女主角演绎得比较好,但是似乎过于成 熟完美,更象三十左右优雅贵妇而不是二十刚出头的少女。 电影总体而言不太符合原著精神,卡苔琳夫人成为了正面角色,在男女双方之间扮演 了红娘的角色,起到了撮合作用;男女主角之间有刺探、不满、争论,但是好像是建立在 早就相互衷情的基础上的,似乎在玩一场双方都知道答案的优雅游戏。影片有皆大欢喜的 早期好莱坞风格。 80版 该版的演员遴选值得赞赏,与《傲慢与偏见》最初版本书中的插图画非常接近,几乎 是完全按照插画进行挑选的。尤其是达西、柯林斯、班内特太太、卡苔琳夫人、德包儿小 姐(美丽、文雅但病态)的形象;班家姐妹也不错,夏绿蒂温柔理性,达到几乎说得上美 丽的地步。卡苔琳夫人和达西这对姨甥在表情严厉的时候还真的很象。 该版中的伊丽莎白是最温柔娴淑的(她恨达西时,说的最尖刻的话是:“希望达西先 生能娶德包尔小姐,这样卡苔琳夫人就能作他的丈母娘了!”),风趣幽默,含蓄内敛, 但是外柔内刚,在温柔中又隐含了自尊和敏锐,思想深刻,经常进行自我反省;伊丽莎白 第一次拒绝达西求婚、看了达西信后,有一段深刻的思考,看清了自己的爱慕虚荣,达到 了“顿悟”,人物心灵得到升华,从那以后对达西的感情转变比较自然。 达西演出了傲慢、不近人情的特点,也演出了对伊丽莎白的关注,这种关注的确较令 人费解,猜不透原因,不过试想,如果他稍稍表示出了好感,在《傲慢与偏见》描写的这 群人精中,马上会被众人发现并且议论。 该版较好体现了班家5姐妹之间的姐妹之情,相比之下95版中伊丽莎白只爱姐姐一人 ,对其他姐妹比较尖刻。简虽然不是美若天仙,但是风度特别优雅美好,尤其是初次见面 时与宾利先生之间的一见钟情,发乎情、止乎礼,刻画地细致入微。柯林斯的扮演非常到 位,可笑之人,但是对伊丽莎白不记恨,还算一个绅士,夏绿蒂和柯林斯之间也有夫唱妇 随,尽管是出于无奈。宾利小姐娇小玲珑,优美雅致,在不经意间显露尖刻势利,对达西 先生一往情深,有时又相互嘲讽,俩人之间是有朋友感情的,如果不是伊丽莎白横插一杠 ,说不定后来会咋样。卡苔琳夫人是一个美丽但是非常厉害、令人生畏的贵妇人角色,因 此伊丽莎白在与之抗争中表现出来的不卑不亢更显可贵,而95版中却是一个没啥大用的老 太太,和伊丽莎白一阵唇枪舌剑之后马上败下阵来,没有鲜明反衬出伊丽莎白的有礼有节 、不畏权势。 版本另一个特点是配乐非常清新简洁,尤其是片头、片尾曲,洋溢着宁静、优美、质 朴、悠扬的英国乡村气息,现在我还经常欣赏。 这一版的缺点主要包括:1、室内场景比较狭窄,尤其是跳舞的时候,更显拥挤。2、 电视剧改编功力不够,内心独白太多,有些对白甚至是照读原著人物心理活动。达西的那 封信也是完全照读,拖沓而单调。小说与电视剧毕竟是不同的载体。这是此剧最大缺陷。 3、达西的扮演比较僵硬,不够自然,过于木讷,傲慢严肃有余而深情不足,转变不够令 人信服。这个缺陷也比较致命。4、这是全体人物最文雅的一版,只有文雅、更文雅、更 更文雅之别,连轻佻的丽娣雅也比后来几个版本文雅美丽,如果达西、宾利一家对这个班 内特家都不满的话,只能说当时的上流社会实在是太挑剔了。5、伊丽莎白有时候很美丽 ,但是五官稍嫌粗糙,某些角度不太经看,尤其是哭泣的时候。不过在我心目中她还是所 有版本中最贴近伊丽莎白的形象的。达西也是如此,英俊,但是还是有缺陷(嘴唇稍薄, 鼻子稍短)随角度不同你会感觉到尚未英俊到想象中程度。 95版 人物形象遴选方面,总体而言不如80版,尤其是宾利小姐,既不美丽,也不优雅,很 难对伊丽莎白构成威胁,是最大的选角失败。选角不佳的还有韦翰先生,实在看不出怎么 能打动少女情怀。卡苔琳夫人就一老太太,角色演绎得不够精明厉害;简优雅不够;柯林 斯太矮,有时候言行中怀有幸灾乐祸的恶意(按照奥斯丁的趣旨,该书中除了韦翰,没有 坏人,只有可笑之人和理智之人)。还有伊丽莎白:奥斯丁认为伊丽莎白身材玲珑、头发 应该是金色的,经常穿嫩黄色的衣裙,佩戴朴素鲜亮的绿色首饰(奥斯丁在写给她姐姐的 信中提到这些),这些都没有表达出来,相比之下,80版本都做到了。 但是最值得称道的是,该版主要人物表演方面是非常到位的。可以说,演员的演绎掩 盖了外在形象的偏差。尤其是达西先生,如果说80版体现了其形,那么95版则神形兼具, 或者说,其神完全弥补了其形的不足(如果有不足的话)。只能说,达西演绎的成功使得 95版的《傲慢与偏见》达到了一个新高峰。伊丽莎白的演绎也比较恰到好处,不过角色定 位尚嫌尖锐外露,温柔风趣不足,但是总体而言比较能迎合现代人的性格审美取向。这个 演员最大的优点是经看,套用达西的话来说,初看“还可以”,越看越可以,笑起来特别 生动美丽,这也是非常难得的。主角之间的眼神交流、信息传递到位,爱情发展得层层递 进又不动声色,令人信服且沉醉,符合18、19世纪含蓄、理性的爱情观。 片子中室内场景宏伟、风景优美、连群众演员的举止眼神都比较注重,服装道具出色 ,整部片子的精良程度几乎可以媲美电影。改编功力深厚,达到了书本到电视剧的完美过 渡。但是其结尾却是缺陷,达西求婚成功后与伊丽莎白的交流以及其前后情节的跌宕起伏 完全删除,而教堂结婚、牧师作着总结性发言,落俗且画蛇添足。 2005版 这个版本比较特别。 与很多观众有同感,演员遴选方面比较失败,外表造型不佳。前几个版本体现的整体 优雅感觉至此一并被摒弃。 根据书中记载,班内特家年收入2000英镑,这是啥标准,要知道,在晚几十年后的《 简爱》书中,一个家庭教师(类似于当今小白领)的年收入是30英镑(按照现在小白领年 收入3万元计算,班家每年的收入至少约为200万元);在其更晚的《福尔摩斯》时代,年 收入700英镑就是一个很体面的乡绅家庭。按照英国历史、小说学家评论,班内特家属于 绅士阶级,有祖产、庄园、马车,有管家、男佣、马夫、厨子和不少女仆,应该是上流社 会中的下层,属于封建统治阶级,而绝非新兴中产阶级,只是上流社会也有上下之分、穷 富之别,类似达西之流已经是寥寥可数、富可敌国的上流中、上层,而班家的财产又由他 人继承,女儿无法拥有,才导致班内特夫妇一心要嫁女儿,也才导致了男女主角相对地位 的不平等。但正是因为主要阶级地位的对等,伊丽莎白才会说他俩的结合是“旗鼓相当” ,这点连卡苔琳夫人也没有否认。 但是2005版的电影中,班家看起来绝对称不上“上流”,言谈举止也很难用“高尚” 形容,一家人整体印象给人比较“野”,班内特先生由一个老呆在书房里自得其乐、脾气 略怪的世家乡绅转型为好脾气的开明富农。 谈谈主要缺陷吧:一是感觉塑造了一个最失败的宾利先生,其形象如同刚出校门、没 看到过女生的男孩。二是伊丽莎白的形象问题,电影里伊丽莎白非常有个性,敢爱敢恨, 富有激情,身材特瘦(这种身材在现在比较时髦),但无论其个性还是外表似乎都不太符 合奥斯丁的审美情趣。而且,电影没有表现其丰富的内涵,经常傻笑,倒象个老是看爱情 口袋书、情窦初开的傻妞,尤其值得商榷的是初到彭伯里时的那个傻笑,除了显得有点粗 俗之外,几乎还让人怀疑其人格的势利,搞不懂这种表演还能入选奥斯卡女主角候选名单 。达西没有了书里面刻意描写的傲慢和高高在上的外在感觉,不太象上流阶层,最多是一 个有教养的普通绅士,而且是个对某美貌少女毫无理由就一见钟情的怀春男孩,沉稳不足 ,纯真有余。在这种情况下,两人之间的唇枪舌剑也略显幼稚。 但是,事物总是一分为二,这个电影不能说是失败,只能说融入了很多导演、制片、 编剧的个人感觉,表现得有些“另类”,诠释得有些“古怪”,不能为部分观众接受。 首先,其服装、道具、人物外貌的粗陋感觉是特意造成的,因为80、95版本珠玉在前 ,要借鉴其实是一件非常简单的事情。 第二,电影开头跳舞的场面可谓壮观,人头济济,简直让人惊心动魄,简和伊丽莎白 想在这芸芸众生中突显并为人所爱,实在是太难,太难了。这部电影的很多处理的确给人 以不确定感和飘忽感。 第三,音乐很美,尤其是达西和伊丽莎白独舞的那一段音乐,闪烁着古怪、孤独、 特异、捉摸不定的气息,实在是非常特别。总之,音乐部分相当精彩。 第四,部分细节处理很动人,尤其是当男女主角在彭伯里相遇,与乔治安娜 谈论伊丽莎白弹钢琴是否相当好时,达西言语间有一个停顿,似乎看着伊丽莎白说话心动 而入神,都忘了该说啥了,又马上自觉失态,那种眼神演绎是比较到位的。 第五,画面具有特别的质感,不过给人感觉更像呼啸山庄里面的风景,比较荒凉孤独 悲伤,即使那闪烁的阳光也让人感到清晨的清冷。
这两部小说我都看过好多遍,而且阅读时间跨越比较多,因此,获取的感受相对丰富和全面,个人认为《简爱》更适合写毕业论文。原因如下: 中学阶段读过《简爱》,当时觉得这非一个纯粹的灰姑娘故事,而且女主角虽然聪慧但不漂亮; 本科我学的是汉语言文学专业,《简爱》被重新阅读,作家本人的思想很深刻,所描述的人物震撼且全面丰富,人物丰满、复杂,不是单一的个体简单的累赘,不似简奥斯汀之类的小女孩似的的情怀,完全以“爱”为生活的全部,从这方面看,《简爱》更具有时代的现实性意义和社会意义,这跟毕业论文后的走进社会有一定的相关性,值此一点,我想您可以有更多的写作发挥空间。 我的研究生阶段学的是课程教学类专业,当时阅读的目的主要是——阅读如何促进写作,所以,此次阅读《简爱》后的感受便是作家的殷实的笔触。 我猜测阁下您可能是与中文系相关的专业(比如汉语言文学或对外汉语之类的),通过对一部文学作品语言的赏析和比较来提炼人物形象的复杂性是不错的选择方向,期盼您论文写作的圆满成功。
”简·奥斯丁凭借理智来领会世界,创造了一部部描写世态人情的喜剧作品,这些喜剧犹如生活的一面面镜子,照出了一些人的愚蠢、盲目和自负。而对我感触颇深的'是《傲慢与偏见》。下面是关于傲慢与偏见英语读后感范文的内容,欢迎阅读!
傲慢与偏见英语读后感范文一
The view of Pride and Prejudice
Pride and Prejudice is my favorite novel, which impresses me for a long time. It describes a love story mainly between Elisabeth, who I like the best, and a rich and proud man, Darcy.
The story began with the arrival of a crowd of rich men who rent a house near the Bennet. In a ball, Elisabeth gave such a bad impression on Darcy's first pride that she refused Darcy's first proposal. Darcy was so surprised by Elisabeth's refusal that he loved Elisabeth more deeply. And Elisabeth's antipathy(厌恶,憎恨) made Darcy realize his shortcomings. He was not angry about Elisabeth's censure, but also he changed his previous proud attitude. During Elisabeth's travel in Darcy's manor(庄园)。 Darcy was very nice to her uncle and aunt, different from previous proud attitude. When one of Elisabeth's sisters ran away with Wickham, Darcy helped Elisabeth find her sister and prevent her sister from the loss of reputation, with nobody knowing that it was he who helped the Bennet. So many changes in Darcy eliminated(消除) Elisabeth's prejudice. At last it end with their marriage.
Taking the daily life as its material, this story reflected the life and love in a conservative你(保守派) and blocking England town. It reflected the author's view about marriage that it is fault to marry for property, money and status and it is also foolish to take these elements into account. In fact Darcy's pride manifested(证明) the gap (间隙,差距)between their statuses(地位)。 Since his pride existed, there is no ideal marriage between Elisabeth and Darcy. From the different attitudes from Darcy's two proposals, it reflected the feminine(女性) pursuit of personality independence and right equality, which is a progressive(先进的) character from the image of Elisabeth.
傲慢与偏见英语读后感范文二
Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time. She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters. The characters have their own personalities. Mrs. Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters. Mr. Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr. Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior. Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different. Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others. Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion. Mary likes reading classic books. (Actually she is a pedant.) Kitty doesn’t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia. Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate. When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now. That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.
The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen’s favourite topic. But this little topic can reflect big problems. It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century. You can find these from the very beginning of this book.
The first sentence in this book is impressive. It reads: “It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife”. The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession.
People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs. After reading this book, I know the truth is that a poor woman must be in need of a husband, a wealthy man.
I couldn’t forget how eager Mrs. Bennet wants to marry off her daughters. If you want to know why she is so crazy about these things, I must mention the situation in Britain at that time. Only the eldest son had the privilege of inheriting his father’s possessions. Younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives. Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. Jane Austen told us that money and possession determined everything, including marriage and love in her century.
In “Pride and Prejudice”, the sister of Mr. Bingley strongly opposed his plan of marrying Jane because the Bennets don’t have many possessions and their social positions are much lower than them. From this, we can see there are a lot of obstacles for a not very rich woman to marry a wealthy husband. The society, the relatives would not allow them to get married.
In modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind. A lot of parents try hard to interfere their children’s marriages. Education background, possessions, jobs remains the main reason that may influence one’s marriage. Marry for money is still a big problem in our society. We can’t help thinking: can money determine everything?
Austen left this problem for us to think. The genius of Jane Austen lies in this perfect simplicity, the simplicity that reflects big problems. Although Austen was only 21 when she wrote “Pride and Prejudice”, her sharp observation of social lives makes the style of this book surprisingly mature and lively. The plots in her works are always very natural. The development of the plot is as inevitable as a problem in mathematics. I think the depth of Pride and Prejudice is the reason that makes this book prominent and classic. Today, her book still can be the guide telling us the economic relationships both at her time and in modern time.
傲慢与偏见英语读后感范文三
"Pride and prejudice,"
"Pride and prejudice" is the famous British writer Jane Austen masterpiece, the works in daily life for material, the romantic and reality love story.
Works of vivid reflects the late eighteenth to well into the nineteenth century in the conservative and block state of the British town life and ways of the world. Its social graffiti novel at that time if not only attracts the general reader, real to this day, still give the reader a unique art enjoyment.
First of all, from story to see, Elizabeth resourcefulness, have courage, these have vision, have very strong self-respect, and be good at thinking. Just then a an unmarried ladies the lady of speaking, this is valuable. And also it is this quality, just make her in love have independent initiative,and led to her and happy family of darcy. In my opinion, Elizabeth is worthy of praise.
In the way of the pursuit of love, be sure to a firm belief, not for money, fame, wealth, or any other cause carelessly decided to, want to hold to find true love. If the other party to some of the defect is himself can't stand, but also what can't change it, you should give up the resolute choice; Of course should also to cherish each other, not because of some of the others words, they change their decision, happiness to yourself to the business. This is the book want to municate to the world is very precious words, is also to the heart of the pursuit of love chicken soup.
Reading this book, I be a lifetime earnings, enjoy the spiritual baptism.
几个人物分析,仅作参考:Mr. Bennet — An English gentleman with an estate in Hertfordshire. He is married with five daughters, a circumstance injurious to his family. The terms of Mr. Bennet's inheritance require a male heir. Because he has no son, upon his death, his property must go to his closest male relative, Mr. Collins, a clergyman who provides him with much amusement. Mr. Bennet, a gentle if eccentric man, is very close to his two eldest daughters, Jane and particularly Elizabeth. However, he has a poor opinion of the intelligence and sensibility of his wife and three youngest daughters, frequently declaring them "silly" and visiting them with insulting remarks as well as gentle teasing. Mrs. Bennet — The querulous wife of Mr. Bennet. Her main concern in life is seeing her daughters married well. She angles for her new neighbour, Mr. Bingley, as a match for one of them. She also hopes for a match between one of her girls and Mr. Collins himself. Jane Bennet — The eldest of the Bennets' five daughters and the one considered the most beautiful. She has a reserved personality and tends to hide her feelings. She is incapable of suspecting the worst of people, preferring to see only the good. Elizabeth Bennet — The 20-year-old second sister, and the protagonist of the story. She is her father's favorite and inherits his intelligence and wit. She is generally regarded as one of the most enduring and popular female protagonists in English literature. Mary Bennet — The third sister, bookish and shy. Mortified by unfavorable comparisons between her appearance and that of her beautiful sisters, she disdains their frivolous interests and seeks to impress others instead with her scholarly yet ill-timed aphorisms and limited musical abilities. Catherine "Kitty" Bennet — The fourth sister, 17 years old, generally follows the lead of her younger sister, Lydia. Lydia Bennet — The youngest sister at 15 years of age. She is extremely flirtatious, naive, headstrong and reckless. William Collins — A clergyman and cousin of Mr. Bennet. Mr. Collins, as the closest male relative, stands to inherit the Bennet estate. When not pompously full of himself, Collins is a narrow-minded sycophant, excessively devoted to his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. He is always keen to show his admiration and gratitude. Charlotte Lucas — Elizabeth's close friend and daughter of a neighbouring landowner. She is willing to put up with Mr. Collins' flaws in return for a home and security. Fitzwilliam Darcy — Mr. Bingley's close friend, an intelligent, wealthy and reserved man, who often appears haughty or proud to strangers. He is wary of his friend Bingley's romantic entanglements with unsuitable women. Georgiana Darcy — Much younger sister of Mr. Darcy. The age difference is so great that he is more of a father figure than a brother. Since their parents' death, she has been under the joint guardianship of Darcy and their cousin Colonel Fitzwilliam. She became infatuated with George Wickham and was persuaded by him to elope. Fortunately, she felt it was her duty to inform her brother and he quickly put a stop to this ill-advised plan. Charles Bingley — An outgoing, wealthy young man who leases property near the Bennets' estate. Louisa Hurst and Caroline Bingley — Mr. Bingley's sisters, who look down upon the Bennets and their society. George Wickham — A dashing, handsome young soldier who attracts the attention of Elizabeth Bennet. His father was the manager of the Darcy estate, so he grew up with Mr. Darcy and his sister. Though a favorite of Darcy's now-deceased father, there is bitter enmity between him and Darcy, due to his attempt to elope with Georgiana Darcy for her substantial inheritance. Lady Catherine de Bourgh — Aunt of Mr. Darcy and patroness of Mr. Collins. A proud and domineering woman, she had planned for the marriage of Mr. Darcy and her daughter since they were infants. Anne de Bourgh — Daughter of Lady Catherine and presumed betrothed of her cousin Mr. Darcy, suffers from some infirmity. A gently humorous running joke has the proud mother describing extraordinary talents her daughter would have possessed had she applied herself. Colonel Fitzwilliam — Another nephew of Lady Catherine and friend and cousin of Mr. Darcy. He is attracted to Elizabeth Bennet, but is not wealthy enough to consider her seriously as a spouse. Mrs. Philips — Sister of Mrs. Bennet Edward Gardiner — Sensible brother of Mrs. Bennet and Mrs. Philips. Mrs. Gardiner — Wife of Mr. Gardiner. She is the favorite aunt of Jane and Elizabeth Bennet.
Elizabeth Bennet (伊丽莎白)The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him. Bennet家庭的第二个女儿和最聪明和机智,伊丽莎白是自豪感和偏见的主演和其中一个在英国文学的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的质量是numerous—she是可爱的,聪明,并且,在对话定义的小说,她一样精采地交谈象任何人。 她的诚实、美德和活泼的机智使她在胡话之上起来,并且弥漫她的坏行为类跳起和经常恶意的社会。 然而,她的伶俐的口舌和倾向经常做仓促评断带领她迷路; 自豪感和偏见本质上是故事她(和她真实的爱, Darcy)怎样克服他们自己的个人failings—to发现浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊丽莎白必须不仅应付一个绝望的母亲,一个遥远的父亲,二非常表现的更加年轻的兄弟姐妹,并且几位势利,对抗的女性,她必须也克服Darcy她自己的错误印象,最初带领她拒绝他的求婚。 而她驾驶家族和社会动乱,她魅力是充足保持他感兴趣,幸运地。 当她逐渐来认可Darcy’s字符的贵族,她体会她对他的最初的偏见错误。自己再看看分下段再删些。
"Pride and Prejudice" is Jane Austen's representative. The book's main character Elizabeth was born to the family of small landlords, rich Darcy asked her to marry him, but it was rejected. Elizabeth hated his arrogance. Pride because it is in fact a reflection of differences in status, as long as there is this arrogance, it will be impossible between them to have the same thoughts 、feelings and an ideal marriage. So Darcy changed the pride of self-expression, Elizabeth removes his misunderstanding and prejudice, they concluded a successful marriage. Elizabeth smart wit, courage, strong self-esteem and good at thinking. her love on the issue of independent-minded led to the successful marriage to Darcy. the different attitude on marriage, in fact, shows that women on the personal independence and the pursuit of equal rights. This is the character of Elizabeth's progressive image.翻译一下《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯丁的代表作。书中的主角伊丽莎白出身于小地主家庭,富豪达西向她求婚,却遭到拒绝。伊丽莎白讨厌他的傲慢。因为这种傲慢实际上是地位差异的反映,只要存在这种傲慢,两人之间就不可能有共同的思想感情,也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊丽莎白目睹达西改变了过去那种骄傲自负的神态,消除了对他的误会和偏见,从而与他缔结了美满姻缘。 伊丽莎白聪敏机智,有胆识,有远见,有很强的自尊心,并善于思考问题。正是由于这种品质,才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见,并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭。伊丽莎白对达西先后几次求婚的不同态度,实际上反映了女性对人格独立和平等权利的追求。这是伊丽莎白这一人物形象的进步意义。