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关于中医的英文文章阅读

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关于中医的英文文章阅读

医生是救死扶伤的天使,那么关于医生的 英语 作文 有哪些呢?以下是我为大家整理的有关医生的英语作文,希望大家喜欢。有关医生的英语作文篇一 Since I was a little child#from , I had a dream that I wanted to be a doctor. When I was little, I watched many TV series and movies about doctors. I thought they were so great. Therefore, I made up my mind to be a doctor. In my opinion, doctor is the people who can help patience get out of sickness and want to be the person who can help others. However, being a doctor needs so much professional knowledge and there is a long way to go. So I have to try my best on my study and go to a good college. 有关医生的英语作文篇二 Today I felt my mum took me to the I saw the doctor in white,I was so nervous. The doctor examined my body and togne and took my told my mum I had a serious cold. So I must be given an cried once I heard that,because I was afraid of ache. My mum encouraged me as well as the said it wouldn't hurt that much. He was quite thanked the doctor very now I feel much better. 有关医生的英语作文篇三 I am an ordinary person, I have an ordinary dream: Is a doctor. Because doctor may let these experience personally the human which the indisposition suffers to get rid of the pain. WiseMedia May let the human change the health. At the same time, I believed that, will help others, own also to be able to obtain joyfully. Therefore, I hoped future I might be a doctor. 有关医生的英语作文篇四 The doctors professional, very sacred, very strict. Abroad, to obtain the licenses of doctors need to spend a lot of effort. In China, large and small, doctors can be found everywhere, and the older the more well-known. In fact, not necessarily those of the old former doctor is a lot of "barefoot doctors" developed, although the experience is his strength, but they lack the guidance of the theory of knowledge. Good doctors, to have a broad range of theoretical knowledge and practical experience. In accordance with this framework, the difficulty in finding a good doctor. There are also doctors and medical ethics, there must be strict Shendu. Now the community "to make doctors" have, in fact, it is also a doctor of no confidence in the industry, as well as their spiritual lives of the doubt. 有关医生的英语作文篇五 In Britain people usually have a doctor near their home or in their is the local have to register with a doctor before you can make an appointment. You usually have to fill in a form and the doctor examines you .Families often all register with the same doctor. Doctors often work together in groups ,and the name of the place where they work is a Doctor's Surgery. The government pays for this system,and it is free to go to see your doctor.医生的英语作文相关推荐: 1. 关于中医的英语作文 2. 医生自我介绍英语范文3篇 3. 关于医学的英语文章双语 4. 关于医学的英语文章 5. 医学英语短文阅读

1、原文:As the development of science, people’s medical care has been improved, when people get sick, they can go to the hospital and get the treatment, and then they will recover soon. Today western medicine is people’s first choice, the Chinese medicine is being ignored by more and more people. Compared to western medicine, Chinese medicine has its own advantages. First, Chinese medicine won’t have or have less side effect. Western can work on people’s body soon, but it is true that the side effect is very obvious, such as headache, dizzy and get sick of the food. Chinese medicine takes some time to work, but without side effect. People can recover completely. Second, Chinese medicine pays special attention to the food treatment. It is believed that taking pills will hurt the body, but the food treatment is different, people can adjust their diet to get healthy. Chinese medicine will not out of date. 2、翻译:随着科技的发展,人们医疗得到了很大的提升,当人们生病了,他们可以去医院治疗,然后快速康复。今天西药是人们的第一选择,中药被越来越多的人忽略。和西药相比,中药有它自身的优势。第一,中药不会有或者只有少数的副作用。西药作用快速,但是事实上,副作用很明显,比如头痛,头晕和厌食。中药需要一段时间才能发生作用,但是没有伴随有副作用。人们可以彻底康复。第二,中药特别注重食物治疗。人们相信吃药会损害身体,但是食疗不同,人们可以通过调整饮食来保持健康。中药不会被淘汰。

中医Traditional Chinese Medicine,一般指以中国汉族劳动人民创造的传统医学为主的医学。是研究人体生理、病理以及疾病的诊断和防治等的一门学科。我精心收集了关于中医的英语对话,供大家欣赏学习! 关于中医的英语对话1 李涛: Mike, guess what? The article I just read considers TCM the fifth great invention of China. 迈克.你猜怎么著?我刚才读的那篇文章认为中医是中国的第五大发明. 迈克: It works for me! More and more people have recognized its remarkable curative effect. 跟我想的一样!越来越多的人认识到了中医非凡的治疗效果. 李涛: That`s true. And you know what? TCM's contribution to the world is not only an original medical system but also a part of China's traditional culture. 是的.你知道吗?中医对世界的贡献不仅是一种独特的医疗体系.而且中医是中国传统文化的一部分. 迈克: Yeah! I read some introductions for TCM. Some of the basic theories are so difficult to understand, such as the concept of Yin and Yang. 是呀!我读过一些对中医的介绍。有些理论很难理解,比如阴和阳的概念。 李涛: It is difficult for a foreigner to understand Chinese traditional philosophy. But the key point is to keep balance and harmony, whether inside or outside your body. 对于外国人来说.理解中国传统哲学的确很难.但是根本的观念是不论体内还是体外都应保持平衡与协调. 迈克: That is a wonderful idea! I think TCM is superior to western medicine in regarding human body as a whole and interacting with the surroundings. 这种思想很了不起!我认为中医比西医高明的地方就在于它把人体看作一个整体并与周围的环境相互影响. 李涛: Right. TCM is such a broad and deep system. It deserves more attention and study. 对.中医博大精深.值得我们更多的关注和研究. 迈克: I`m trying to learn more about TCM. Would you help me sometimes? 我在努力学习有关中医的知识.你能帮我吗? 李涛: Sure. Let's study together. 当然能.咱们一起学习吧。 迈克: Great! 太好了! 关于中医的英语对话2 p = 病人 d = 医生 p = patient d = doctor 医生:你好,史密斯先生。今天感觉如何? d:Hello, mr. *** ith. how are you felling today? 病人:好多了。谢谢!今天我可以坐直了。针灸的确很棒。 p:Much better, thank you! i can sit straight today. the acupuncture is really great. 医生:不错。中医有五千年的历史。它对疾病的发生,发展和治疗都有着完整的理论体系。针灸只不过是治疗像你的椎骨侧突疾病的一种最有效的方式。 d:Yes, chinese traditional medicine tcmhas a history of more than 5,000 years. it has a plete theory about the occurrence, development and treatment of diseases. Acupuncture is only one of the most effective ways to treat diseases such as your pleurapophysis. 病人:尽管如此,我的许多同事对中医还是有些不解。你能否多给我讲点? p:All the same, many of my colleagues feel much puzzled about tcm. would you please tell me more about it? 医生:没问题。根据中医理论,疾病的发生是阴阳失调所致。而疾病的治疗就是阴阳的平衡。 d:Sure. according to tcm theory, the occurrence of diseases is the incoordination between yin and yang and the treatment of diseases is the reestablishement of the equilibrium between them. 关于中医的英语对话3 Doctor: Please point out the painful place with your finger. Is there any relation between the pain and the weather? Patient: Yes, the pain es more intense when the weather is bad. And the pain es more intense when I walk too much. D: Have you ever had any trauma? P: Yes, I have. D: Does the pain bee more intense at night? P: Yes, it does. Just like a needle prick. Besides, the place that hurts often feels cold, too. D: Do you have the sensation of ants crawling over the painful part? P: Yes, I do. D: I'd like to treat you with acupuncture if you agree. P: By the way, does acupuncture hurt? D: Acupuncture may cause just a little pain, but it also causes a certain feeling of numbness and distension. We'll try it every day for seven days. Will that be all right? P: Yes. Let's start today.

中英文文章阅读

随着全球化与多元 文化 的发展,英语正跻身为一种国际语言被广泛使用。下面就是我给大家整理的中英文对照 文章 阅读,希望大家喜欢。中英文对照文章阅读:可怕的东西 A couple of friends and I were hangin' out one day and we found an Ouija board in one of their basements. It was really nice, not one of those mass produced plastic things, it was made of wood and had intricate carvings all around its base, like moons and stars and other cosmic stuff, I don't really remember it that well except they were very detailed and looked hand carved. We didn't think much of it at the time because we were black widow hunting (not one of our smarter ideas, but it was a rush when we found one). I'd also like to say that we don't drink, do drugs, or anything that would mess with your mind like that. Day turned to night and we had given up our hunt and started playing X-Box. We got bored shortly after. So one of my friends decided to go the board. When he brought it back I swear it had grown at least a foot in all directions from the last time I saw it (not important, it just intrigued me). Anyway we went on to ask it stuff and nothing happened, so my other friend went to his computer and looked up some ancient druid chant to open some vortex thing. I don't know the specifics; no one else went with him. All he did was print out what we were supposed to say, it was mostly just weird word combinations and a few summoning phrases I can't remember. This was almost a year ago, I do remember feeling pretty silly going through with it. This I remember clearly though, the same friend who got the paper all of a sudden asks for it to give us a sign. Of all the stupid things to do... well I was very upset with him, but he defended himself by saying that's what the site told him to do. As it turns out it said not to ask for a sign or anything else like that. It even put it in all caps and bolded, too. Well after that he was pretty embarrassed, but nothing happened for about a half hour. So we just gave up ghosts for the night (our attention spans couldn't handle nothing happening for that long). Later we got back on the X-Box and started playing, I think it was Halo when we heard my friend's parents get home, it was about 9 pm, about an hour early. So he decided to go into the garage and jump out when they got out of the car. Well he waited about 10 minutes just sitting there before he decided to look out a window and no one was there. While he was looking he heard about two inches from his ear someone smacking their lips like they had dry mouth and were preparing to speak. When he spun around there was no one there, which is about when he came walking back to the basement at a very brisk pace. While we were down there we heard a number of doors slamming and knocks over our head like someone was kneeling and punching the floor over and over. Which doesn't sound that scary, but it was the most frightening experience of my life. Then some guy started screaming bloody murder down the hall from us in the basement. When I looked down the hall I saw what looked like a transparent hunchback limping toward us. The way he was moving was not like a normal person would, it was like a glitching computer; he would "jump" forward, backward or to a side, then back to his normal place again. It was just strange. After this I ran faster than my legs could take me out of his house, forgetting my friends until I stopped across the street and noticed they were right behind me. I guess they didn't see the guy, but when they saw me running they felt like they were snapped out of a trance. After that nothing major happened in his house and I was only in his basement long enough to move the TV and X-Box upstairs. It might have been the chant but I am almost sure it was his invitation that provoked it. 一天我和几个朋友玩的时候,在地下室里发现了一块显灵板。那东西很不错,不是那种批量生产的塑胶品,这块显灵板是木制的,底座上布满很精细的 雕刻 图案,好象是月亮星星之类的宇宙中存在的东西,图案我记得不是很清楚了,但我记得那些图案看起来像是手雕的,非常精细。我们当时并没对它太在意,因为正忙着抓黑寡妇蜘蛛。(虽然不是什么好主意,但当我们真的抓住一只的时候,大家都很兴奋。)我想说的是我们没喝酒也没吸毒,没参与任何会让头脑混乱的事情。天黑了,我们便不再抓蜘蛛,开始玩X盒子的游戏,但没玩一会儿,我们就厌倦了。于是,一位朋友提议玩通灵板。 当他把通灵板拿来的时候,我确信它比我刚才看到时面积至少大了一平方英尺(不过没什么大不了的,这倒正好激发我的兴趣)。我们开始对着它提问但什么都没发生。于是,我的另一位朋友便去用他的电脑查了一些能把灵异之物开启的咒语。 我不知道具体细节,他是一个人去的,他只是把我们需要说的话都打印了出来。不过是些诡异的字眼的组合以及一些召唤用语。具体内容我不记得了。这事发生在大约一年前,我只记得当时看那张纸时觉得真是傻极了。我还清楚地记得那个去打印那张纸的朋友突然说让通灵板给他一个暗示,真是奇傻无比,我被他弄得心烦意乱的,但他辩解说网站上就是这样说的。后来事实证明,网站上写的是千万不能向通灵板要什么暗示之类的东西,这警告还是用大写字母,用黑体字特意标出的。 然后,他尴尬极了,半个小时过去了,还是什么都没发生。于是我们便放弃了在那晚见到鬼魂的念头(我们的注意力可没办法忍受那么长时间的无事发生)。我们就又玩起了X盒子。大约九点的时候,我们听到一个朋友的父母回来了,比预期的时间早了一个小时。于是,他藏在车库里,打算等他们下车的时候跳出来吓吓他们。他在车库里坐了大约10分钟,还没等到父母,便探头向窗外望去,但外边根本没人。忽然他听到在他耳边大概两英寸的地方,有人在吧唧着嘴,像是说话前要润润嘴巴似的。他猛地转过身,却没看到人,他吓得赶紧以最快的速度跑回地下室。 中英文对照文章阅读:The goose that laid the golden eggs 下金蛋的鹅 A man and his Wife had the good fortune to possess a goose which laid a golden egg every day. Lucky though they were, they soon began to think they were not getting rich fast enough, and imagining the bird must be made of gold inside, they decided to kill it in order to secure the whole store of precious metal at once. But when they cut it open they found it was just like any other goose. Thus, they neither got rich all at once, as they had hoped, nor enjoyed any longer the daily addition to their wealth. Much wants more and loses all. 有一对夫妇非常幸运,他们有一只每天下一枚金蛋的鹅。尽管非常幸运,可他们很快就觉得财富增加得还不够快,不仅如此,他们还以为这只鹅的内脏肯定也是金的。于是,他们决定杀掉它,这样就能立刻得到全部珍宝了。然而,他们把鹅开膛破肚之后,却发现和其他鹅没有什么两样。如此,他们既没有像当初希望得那样一夜暴富,也不能再享有与日俱增的好运气了。 贪多必失。 中英文对照文章阅读:Do not throw good things away 不要把好东西扔掉 A man was going to the house of some rich person. As he went along the road, he saw a box of good apples at the side of the road. He said, "I do not want to eat those apples; for the rich man will give me much food; he will give me very nice food to eat." Then he took the apples and threw them away into the dust. He went on and came to a river. The river had become very big; so he could not go over it. He waited for some time; then he said, "I cannot go to the rich man's house today, for I cannot get over the river." He began to go home. He had eaten no food that day. He began to want food. He came to the apples, and he was glad to take them out of the dust and eat them. Do not throw good things away; you may be glad to have them at some other time. 一个人正朝着一个富人的房子走去,当他沿着路走时,在路的一边他发现一箱好苹果,他说:“我不打算吃那些苹果,因为富人会给我更多的食物,他会给我很好吃的东西。”然后他拿起苹果,一把扔到土里去。 他继续走,来到河边,河涨水了,因此,他到不了河对岸,他等了一会儿,然后他说:“今天我去不了富人家了,因为我不能渡过河。” 他开始回家,那天他没有吃东西。他就开始去找吃的,他找到苹果,很高兴地把它们从尘土中翻出来吃了。 不要把好东西扔掉,换个时候你会觉得它们大有用处。

阅读是主动地、积极地获取信息的创造行为,是培养学生通过视觉感知书面文字符号并获取信息能力的途径,更是提高听、说、写能力的有力杠杆,它在英语学习中起着至关重要的作用。在近几年的高考英语试卷中,阅读的分值(阅读理解,完形填空,改错)占了整个试卷分值的一半以上。99年高考英语试卷阅读理解的篇幅在增长,难度也有所加大。笔者认为要提高英语阅读水平,学生需做到以下几点: 一、多采用Top-down阅读法 自上而下(Top-down)阅读是从语篇整体出发,把注意力集中在通过文字符号获取信息上,即按文章所给的标题先对文章的内容与含义作出推断,理解作者所要表达的意思。 运用自上而下的阅读法的关键是培养学生预测、推断文章内容和含义的能力,从而提高阅读理解能力。 通过略看文章的总体结构安排或文章的标题来预测文章的内容及深层含义,可从下列几方面去推测: 1.文章写了哪几方面的内容? 2.作者将从哪几方面来阐述? 3.内容将如何发展下去? 在阅读时要注意不同的英文文体,因为文体对信息的组织和布局模式有着重大影响。训练掌握各种英语文体的结构特征,有利于归纳文章和进行逻辑推理。例如:记叙文以叙事为主必定有三个要素:情节、人物和背景。情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。因此,阅读记叙文时,必须抓住时间这条线索,以人物为中心,弄清故事的发生、发展、结局。再如议论文和说明文有一个共同点,就是段落大多有主题句(较多地出现在段首或段末),要抓住主题句,发掘每一个主旨,弄清文章的中心论点,以便更加详细地预测文章的内容,吃透整篇文章的表层及深层含义。 二、正确处理好精读与泛读间的关系。 精读和泛读是阅读时两种主要方法,两者相辅相存,不可偏废也无法代替。 1.注重阅读材料的选择。 选择合适的精泛阅读材料是提高英语阅读的重要手段。选择字数为200左右,后面配有习题的阅读材料为宜。阅读材料体裁要多样化——叙事类、科普类、议论或说明类、广告类等。要注重文章的实用性。所选材料的难易程度以理解正确率达60%~70%,生词量不超过4%为恰当。 2.精读泛读相辅相存。 比起泛读,精读是点。对一些有一定难度写得较好的文章要进行剖析,要归纳、总结作者的写作意图、思路及中心论点,最后达到获取详细信息和深层次内容的目的。如果说精读是点,泛读即是面。只有通过大量阅读,才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型,才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型,才能扩大知识面,培养语感,提高对文字的反应能力。在泛读时,要根据上下文提高自己猜测生词的能力,不要一看到生词就查词典,要弄清文中批示代词和人称代词所指代的对象。要对自己进行限时阅读。一篇200字左右难度适中的阅读文章,争取6分钟之内做完其阅读理解题。在阅读时,要多积累英、美等国家的社会、历史、地理、文化及风俗方面的知识,这有利于提高阅读水平。要培养良好的阅读习惯。阅读时,要从意群上去看,不要逐字读,更不要用笔或手指边指边出声读,这样有碍理解文章的意思,而且影响阅读速度。 阅读是一个综合过程,阅读能力的提高更是一个循序渐进的过程。学生只有坚持不懈,锲而不舍地改进阅读方法,培养阅读兴趣,才能达到事半功倍的效果。 影响阅读理解的因素可分为知识性障碍和非知识性障碍。知识性障碍包括:1.词汇障碍2..语法障碍 3.背景知识障碍 。非知识性障碍包括:1. 心理障碍 2.阅读习惯. 3..阅读速度4.阅读技巧 (一)重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累 美国语言学家Driller (1978)根据词汇统计特征指出:如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词,平均每页纸上的词我们会认得33%;如果认得135个常用词,则为50%;如果认得2500个,则为78%;如果认得5 000个,则为80%;一旦记得10 000个,可达92%。可见,阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的,目前大部分学生的词汇量偏少, 这是影响阅读能力提高的主要因素。那么怎样才能提高学生的词汇量呢? 1. 构词记忆法 据估计,英语词汇有100万到120万,但大部分单词是由构词法构成的。构词法包括派生、合成和转化。在教学中,让学生掌握常用的前缀(un/dis/im/il /super.)、后缀( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含义及用法,就可以根据已知词猜出它的派生词,从而达到扩大词汇的目的。如:前缀super 有超过,超越的含义,就可以猜出supermarket (超级市场)supernatural (超自然的)、 superman (超人)、superstar (超级明星)等词的含义。。 2. 联想记忆法 由一个词联想到和它有关或无关的词,如看到live vi 生活,联想到其他词性及用法,如,直播的、活的等词义。 3. 广泛阅读记忆法 “To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.” 这句名言道出了阅读和词汇量的关系。要有流利的阅读,就必须有丰富的词汇。大量的阅读可以丰富你的词汇。 (二) 牢固掌握语法知识 近年来的NMET阅读理解短文的句式结构趋向复杂,语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出来。如在阅读中遇到另人费解的长句、难句,就可以借助语法,对句子进行适当的分析,搞清各部分的关系,从而准确理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 为例。该句的29个词中包含了主语从句,宾语从句、并列句和破折号连接的附加说明等多种关系。其中并列句中又有复合句,复合句中又有并列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清,才能掌握其意思。 (三)、积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识 英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识,还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。例如在NMET2003的阅读理解A篇,该篇选材涉及地理,介绍了两座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands,一个为Guinness Book of Records 所认定的Tristan da Cunha;另一为复活岛(Easter Island)文章中出现了较多的专有名词,对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰,而对于那些对Easter Day 等背景知识了解的同学,相对就会好些。另外在C篇中,出现了书刊号,如果熟悉这些,就会减少好多阅读困难。 (四)培养良好的阅读习惯,掌握有效的阅读技巧 要养成良好的阅读习惯,就要求平时多朗读,背诵精彩段落和文章,以培养语感。另外,有的同学在阅读时出声读、点读或回读,这些不良习惯都会影响阅读速度和对文章的理解。所以要克服这些不良习惯,作到不回读,不声读,不点读等。只有这样,阅读速度才能加快,理解的准确率才能提高。 除了良好的阅读习惯外,也要掌握正确的阅读技巧。教师要指导学生形成正确的思维方法。一般阅读时应注意以下几点: 1、略读(Skimming)即迅速浏览全文,抓住文章大意和主题句,明确作者的态度和意图。 2、跳读(Skipping) 即快速查找某一相关信息,读时要一目十行,对不相关的内容一带而过。 3、猜测生词(Guessing the new words) 在阅读过程中,不可避免的会遇到生词。如果一遇到生词就去查字典,或跳过去不看,都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境,单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。 “冰冻三尺,非一日之寒” 提高阅读能力,不是一朝一夕就能做到的。只要坚持正确的阅读方法,培养兴趣,广泛阅读,积累词汇,并且养成良好的阅读习惯,阅读理解能力一定会逐步提高。 英语阅读理解技巧 新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定:"侧重提高阅读能力"。纵观近几年的高考英语试题,我们不难看出,阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点,自始至终占着主导地位,并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说,做好阅读理解题,是获得高考英语高分的关键! 阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是: 1. 读材料的主旨和大意,以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2. 既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念。 3. 既理解字面的意思,也理解深层的含义,包括作者的态度,意图等。 4. 既理解某句,某段的含义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断。 5. 既能根据所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这五项要求,我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型:细节理解题,词句理解题,主题、主旨题,猜测词义题,推理判断题。下面作者结合平时教学中的经验体会,谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一、 先看题干,带着问题读文章。 即先看试题,再读文章。阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调,作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、 速读全文,了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。 抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章,都是表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章,大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序,即从概述开始,随之辅以细说。这时,主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 试试看,你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗? The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不难看出,文章的第一句是主题句,后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。 三、 详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文,有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,运用"画图列表法",勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、 逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想,加标题等)和推理判断题,是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文;要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知,不能凭空想象,随意揣测;它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基础。 推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。 例如高考题: Annealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. 1、 答案为A,此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热,然后迅速放到水里冷却,也就会变得非常硬,但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果,故选A而不选D。B项明显错误;C项是手段不是目的,因此,都可排除。 2、 答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句,"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的,时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论:在退火过程中,金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。 3、 答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。 五、 猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。 猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。 a. 定义法 如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义,即"退火"。 It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为"牧人"。 b 同位法 如: They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义,即"城堡"。 We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。 c. 对比法 She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一词表转折,因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来",因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。 d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等) Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词, 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。 e. 因果法 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中,可以推测 permanent

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关于初中英语阅读的论文

一、尽早抓起,循序渐进,持之以恒 学生英语阅读能力的培养和提高并非一朝一夕所能达到,而是需要经过师生长期坚持不懈的努力,方能一点一点的提高。那种你认为让学生在初一、初二打好英语基础知识的底子,等初三再突击阅读能力的训练之方法是不可取的。因此,在学生进入初中阶段后,教师就需要制定周密的计划,有条不紊,坚持不懈的对学生的阅读能力进行长期的系统的训练。经过这样长期的坚持训练,学生的阅读量会日益扩大,随着阅读量的不断加大,学生的阅读能力也就自然而然的得到了培养和提高。 二、合理安排教学步骤,有层次地引导学生阅读1.引导学生快速阅读,捕捉大意,扩大阅读视幅面,培养他们良好的阅读习惯,训练阅读速度,提高概述能力。 2.指导学生精读全文,把握信息,然后有效指导学生学习语言知识,培养他们理解、掌握和应用语言知识的能力。3.引导学生充分利用课本,强化课文整体理解教学,课文是最好的阅读材料,须充分利用。教师在组织学生学习课文时,应把课文当作一个整体来组织教学。这种教学方法能提高学生的英语学习兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性。当然,除此之外,采取一定的方法来培养学生的阅读能力是必要的。如:在安排学生预习课文时可让学生找出重点段落的中心句或用英语来说出这部分的意思来,这样经过长期不懈的训练,就可逐步培养和提高学生的英语阅读能力

初中阶段是英语教学的重要阶段,这一时期打牢英语根基,学生今后才有可能学好英语;如果这一时期学不好英语,学生今后更学不好英语;同时教师在英语教学中起着重要的作用。下文是我为大家整理的关于初中英语教师论文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考! 初中英语教师论文篇1 试探初中英语渗透 文化 摘 要:语言与文化互相影响,互相作用,理解语言必须了解文化,理解文化必须了解语言。文化是形形色色的,语言也是多种多样的。语言是文化的基石――没有语言,就没有文化;从另一个方面看,语言又受文化的影响,反映文化。 关键词:初中;英语;渗透;文化 语言是交际的工具,语言教学的最终目的就是为了能在生活中交流,运用。而交际能力的核心就是使学生能够运用所学语言在不同场合中对不同对象进行有效的,得体的交际。不同国家,民族之间的文化有着很大的差异,交际失败往往因文化误解而引起的,而忽视社会文化差异的言辞不当就更让人接受不了。因此在英语教学中,教师帮助学生认识中西文化差异,正确地理解中西语言差异,是教学中必不可少的。 一、语言与文化相互作用 语言是文化的一部分,语言又受文化的影响。有些社会学家认为,语言是文化的基石――没有语言,就没有文化;从另一个方面看,语言又受文化的影响,反映文化。可以说, 语言反映一个民族的特征,它不仅包含着该民的历史和文化背景,而且蕴藏着该民族对人生的看法、生活方式和 思维方式 。语言与文化互相影响,互相作用,理解语言必须了解文化, 理解文化必须了解语言。文化是形形色色的,语言也是多种多样的。由于文化和语言上的差别。 互相了解不是一件容易的事,不同文化间的交流常常遇到困难。 学习一种外语不仅要掌握语音、语法、词汇和习语 而且还要知道择这种语言的人如何看待事物,如何观察世界;要了解他们如何用他们的语言来反映他们社会的思想、习惯、行为;要懂得他们的“心灵之语言”,即了解他们社会的文化。实际上,学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化是分不开的。语言是文化的一部分,并对文化起着重要作用。有些社会学家认为,语言是文化的基石――没有语言,就没有文化;从另一个方面看,语言又受文化的影响,反映文化。 因此,语言不仅仅是一套符号系统,人们的语言表现形式更受语言赖以存在的社会文化的制约和影响。文化内涵是语言交际的具体内容,文化意识是语言交际的思维基础不了解语言背后的文化,只是形式,而不注意语言的内涵,就不可能真正掌握这种语言。 二、语言于文化相互渗透 (1)语言教学有助于避免文化交际中出现 “文化错误”。为什么西方的笑话,在中国笑不起来?为什么在中国广为传颂的传统美德“谦虚”,在西方则被认为是无能的表现?在东方,更强调集体表现和集体主义精神,在西方,则强调个人表现和个性张扬,他们认为, 不愿显露自己才华的人,是不可思议的和奇怪的。以上问题的症结,归根到底是文化差异问题。在跨文化交际过程中,经常出现的文化错误主要表现在称呼方面、 问候语 方面、对赞扬的反应方面、谈论的话题、词语以及文化内涵方面的差异等。 (2)文化教学有助于英语语言知识的学习。美国 教育 家斯宾赛提倡“快乐教育”,要尽量激励学生的学习兴趣,带着快乐的情绪去学习知识变求知为一件快乐的事。轻松愉快的课堂气氛,师生情感的融合,就能激励起学生对 英语学习 的浓厚兴趣,积极主动地参与教学活动,学生获得情感的满足,从而更好的完成学习目标。因此,适时适量渗透文化知识教育, 尤其是跨文化交际中需要注意的知识 ,恰是调动气氛的良好工具。 (3)文化教学有助于提高学生的文化素养。在英语教学中渗透有关西方的文化知识,不仅可以使学生接受异国的文化,还可以在进行文化对比的同时,对本国文化有更深刻地理解,从而形成正确得体的交际,培养学生的世界文化意识,并能有意识地提高自身的交际能力。 三、语言中如何渗透文化 1.课堂教学渗透文化 毫无疑问,课堂教学是跨文化意识培养的主要途径,教师要通过课堂讲解渗透英语国家的文化。 (1)充分利用现代教育技术和多媒体教学手段在教材授课过程中,利用现代教育技术和多媒体教学手段,制作出精美的课件让学生能够直观地感受到异国文化。通过制作一些相关的 PPt /flash,或是观看一些英语原声电影,动画片或是科普短片,不但能使学生更多地了解英语国家的文化,学到更多的科学文化知识,而且能增强学生的学习兴趣,帮助学生的语言学习,提高对异国文化的认知与欣赏。 (2)引导学生就同一主题进行中西比较。在教授校本教材过程中,可以引导学生就同一主题进行比较,如食品、习俗、节日等,从而加深对异国文化的理解。大的主题如节日 ―― 春节 和 圣诞节 ,将这两个重大的节日进行比较, 师生间的活动可以通过问答进行When's Christmas Day/Spring Festival? What do people usually do on Christmas Day/ at Spring Festival? Which do you like better? Why? 把西方的传统节日和中国的传统节日进行比较,一方面可以使学生加深对知识点的掌握,另一方面能是他们体会不同的文化差异。 2.课外活动渗透文化 文化的学习不应只限于课内,课堂外的文化教学也是一个很好的延续和补充,它能为学习者提供一个从量变到质变的过程。 具体 方法 为: (1)指导学生阅读有代表性的外国文学作品。文学作品是 传统文化 的积累,也是文化的精华部分。如《百万英镑》《双城记》《项链》等。 (2)编写系统地介绍文化知识的阅读材料。尽可能搜集一些目的语国家的政治、经济、社会、科技、艺术、习俗、历史、地理等各方面的材料,力求通过大量的阅读让学习者在不知不觉中增加自己的文化含量。如在平时的课外阅读中,让学生正确理解 big brother( 地面塔台的跟踪雷达), brain drain(人才流失), rain check(雨票, 即球赛因雨中断, 留给下次继续使用的原票票根)等这些跨文化背景知识。 总之,学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化是分不开的。英语教学不仅是帮助学生掌握语言基本技能的过程,更是一个引导他们理解目的语文化、提高文化素养、培养跨文化交际能力的过程。 因此在今后的中学英语教学中我们应该贯彻语言教学与文化教学同步的原则, 在教学中有意识地向学生渗透文化教学,使我国的英语教学适应社会发展的需求,从而促进英语教学的发展。 初中英语教师论文篇2 浅析初中英语情景教学 摘 要: 教学方法 新颖又富有启发性,可激发学生的学习兴趣,使学生感到有趣、有味、有奇、有惑。 关键词:初中英语;情景教学 兴趣是最好的老师。教学方法新颖又富有启发性,可激发学生的学习兴趣,使学生感到有趣、有味、有奇、有惑。英语教学中,巧用情景教学法不失为一条锦囊妙计。创设情景的方法很多,结合笔者多年来的教学实践,从课堂教学和课外教学两方面着手, 总结 如下: 一、初中情景教学法的提出 语言是一种社会现象,人类语言学家都强调语言和它的社会环境的联系性和不可分离性。人脑对客观情景的反映用语言记载下来,所以语言是客观环境的反映。人们运用语言进行交际活动时,离不开社会语言情景。 在英语教学过程中,学生只有在真实的语言情景或模拟的情景中才能更好地组织思维,理解具体情景中所传递的信息和语言材料,触景生情,激发表达思想的欲望,从而促进培养运用英语理解和表达思想的能力。而情景教学法可以激发学生学习激情,培养学生浓厚的学习兴趣,促成学生智力因素和非智力因素的发展,从而从整体上正确理解和运用语言。 二、初中情景教学法的概述和意义。 情景,即:(具体场合的)情形、景象。所谓的情景教学就是根据教学内容为学生创造出一种和谐的语言环境,并通过教师本人的语言、动作、表情及姿态传递给学生,从而以情激情,以情促知,以情育人,实现知与情的统一、优化,最终达到激发学生学习的兴趣。情景教学法的特色是言、行、情三者融为一体,其核心是激发学生的情感,以引起学生一定的态度体验,从而帮助学生理解和获取知识或技能,并使学生心理机能得到发展的方法。 情景教学法在英语教学中的作用主要体现在以下几个方面: 1、情景教学使语言更直观,贴近学生生活和思维方式,激发学生自主学习兴趣,在学习和掌握课本知识的同时,活跃课堂学习气氛,达到学以致用的目的; 2、情景教学设计的内容一般可选用课外相关内容,拓展学生的知识面,根 据不同个体的 爱好 兴趣,自主选择不同内容; 3、情景教学对英语掌握程度不同的学生创造了一个平等的语言交流的舞台。在教学过程中,很多问题的提出没有唯一的答案,可以让每个学生都得到能力发挥的机会,谈自己的观点和见解,调动学生的学习积极性。 三、初中情景教学法的策略 1、培养学习兴趣 “兴趣是一个人倾向于认识和研究某种事物的一种心理活动,是学生求知的富有生气的内动力,是学习动机中最活跃的因素。”“兴趣是最好的的老师”,只有激发学生的学习兴趣,才能提高他们的学习动机,让他们积极踊跃地参与到课堂中来,才能使课堂气氛活跃,并且提高他们 学习英语 的自信心。 据调查发现,一个学校有一半多的学生对英语不感兴趣,特别是乡村中学。为什么会出现这种情况呢?有些学生是觉得单词量太多,背了又忘,忘了又背,花了很多的时间去对付单词,可是考出的成绩又不理想,后来干脆不去背单词。 还有些学生觉得上英语课特别枯燥乏味,教师只知道满堂灌,根本不管学生接受与否,而学生只是带着耳朵来,充当一名速记员,不能参与到课堂中来。这样的课堂气氛相当沉闷,导致学生对英语失去了兴趣。因此如何让学生积极地、踊跃地参与到课堂中来呢?这时情景教学便适应这种趋势,它能使学生积极地、主动地参与到课堂中来,让学生由“要我学”,转为“我要学”,学习英语变为了一件快乐的事情。 2、创设真实情景 英语教学本身就是一个真实的情景。教师从走进教室的那一刻起,直到课堂教学结束,离开教室为止,就是一个自然的、真实的、生动的、丰富多彩的语言交际情景。因此,教师要充分利用这个英语教学的真实情景,尽量用英语组织教学,把单纯传授知识的课堂转换为使学生自然习得语言的场所,体现学生的主体性。如教师进教室时,亲切地与同学们进行如下交谈,提供给学生一个真实的语言实践的机会。T:“Hello, boys and girls.”Ss:“Hello, Miss Cai.”T:“How are you, ×××.”S1:“Fine, thank you, and you?”T:“I’m OK. What about you, ×××.”S2:“I’m not very well.”T:“Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. What’s the matter?”S2:“I have a cold.”T:“Oh, I think you’d better go to see the doctor after school.”S2:“OK. Thank you.”在这亲切的交谈中,教师纯正的母语式的教学和亲切的师生间的互动活动,使学生乐于用英语进行交际。 把英语课堂变成一个师生间,生生间进行交际的语言环境。在这种环境中,学生自然而然地产生了了解这种语言的欲望和用这种语言与他人交际的意识,且日积月累,学生对语言的感知也愈来愈深。又如: 八年级 上M5 Unit 1 You like western classical music ,don’t you ?先播放了一首著名的歌曲 “The Blue Danuble ”,这时学生被轻松优雅的乐曲所吸引,会唱的学生还跟着节奏轻轻的哼了起来,之后我说:We all enjoyed this music. It’s so nice and some of us can even sing,but do you know who sang this song?有些知道的学生就说Strauss. 接着教师问:Where did he come from?知道的同学争先恐后的回答,然后再播放几首曲子,问他们是属于那种类型的音乐,西方的还是传统的,各种类型音乐的特点是什么?自然而然的将学生进入了新的课程的学习。 3、进行直观情景 以图画、 简笔画 图画、简笔画与动作,进行直观情景教学,使学生眼看实物,耳听声音,这样不仅使教学具体生动,而且能激发学生的学习兴趣。如教七年级上Unit2 Topic2 Section C,上课之前,让每个同学准备好三样物品:最喜欢的体育明星的照片、国旗(图片)以及他们国家著名建筑或自然风光的图片。上完课后,让学生用这些物品两个一组进行问答,介绍中要包括句型:What’s his/her name? His/Her name is---. Where is he/she from? He/She is from ---.这样,学生不仅掌握了课堂知识,而且了解了一些课外知识,让学生对英语越来越感兴趣。 采用简笔画教学,同样能让学生对英语不厌烦。例如七年级上Unit1 Topic3 Section B,我用简笔画进行教学,在教学课程中,我边画边问,T: What’s this in English? Ss: It’s a car.或是让学生到黑板前画简笔画,并且边画边让他问。这样,不仅学生学习了日常用语,而且学到了一些简笔画的知识,培养了他们动口和动手的能力。 初中英语教师论文篇3 浅谈初中 英语阅读 课七步教学 初中英语新教材、新大纲中规定,初中英语教学要突出培养学生的运用能力,2013年中考明显增加了阅读理解的题量,初一、初二教材增加了阅读课课量。由此可见,如何提高学生的阅读能力,在课堂上如何渗透培养学生阅读能力,综合听、说、读、写训练,提高课堂教学效率,是广大英语教师努力追求的方向。 近几年来许多英语教学书籍,把培养学生阅读能力作为英语阅读课课堂教学的重要目标,在课堂教学中突出对学生学法指导,体现学生的主体地位,发挥教师的指导作用。我在多年的教学实践中,归纳出英语阅读课七步教学法,即:预学、导学、听读、设疑、复述、解难、查测。 一、预学 在教学课文前,要求学生做好 课前预习 ,借助词典、单词表或有关资料,能对 文章 内容有大概的了解,初步完成Workbook中所给出的问题,能整体把握作者的思路和文章结构,不懂的字词句让学生在预习时划出来,留到课堂上或课后解决。把这一课前预习,作为提高阅读课教学效率的第一步,不无原因,新大纲中明确要求学生要有一定的预习能力,且学生预习效果的好坏直接影响课堂教学的效率。坚持要求学生课前预习不但可以提高他们的预习能力,而且可以提高他们的听课效率。并且每篇新学课文就是一篇典型的阅读训练题,坚持预习可增强学生的阅读能力。 二、导学 在教学整篇文章前,教师把整篇文章浓缩成一段精彩的片段,把重点的词组、 句子 ,溶入其中,通过现有的教学工具,如挂图、幻灯等媒体,展现出文章的基本 故事 形象。通过教师的介绍和师生之间的双边活动,把整个故事梗概及重点的语言点呈现出来,并作适当的板书,把握课文重点,为下面进一步理解课文奠定了基础。导学是一堂课的开始,“良好的开始是成功的一半”,导学部分,教师不能忽视,教师应精心设计,引人入胜,要把学生带入特定的意境,激发学生的好奇心,激起学生的求知欲望,提高学生的听课质量。 三、听读 学生在初步感知整篇文章内容后,让学生进行听的练习,在听之前可以提一、二个问题,问题要有代表性,要让学生听完整篇文章后才能得出答案,这样既培养了学生的听力,又培养了学生的整体理解力。如果文章比较长,可以选择部分重点段落,给学生听。听完后,核对答案,朗读课文。朗读课文可视学生理解情况作不同的要求,可以是模仿性跟读,也可以是学生集体朗读或分组阅读,或个体练读。在读的过程中要做到口、眼、耳、脑同时并用,提高记忆能力。另外,还应注意语气、神态,要通过朗读做到心领神会。 四、设疑 学生听读后,已经对文章有了进一步的理解,这时要求学生默读文章,解决教师精心设计或练习册中设计的T/F判断题或问答题。在设计问题时应注意这几点:①先易后难;②先理解后拓展;③先浅后深,兼顾两头。通过设疑检查学生对文章的理解程度,了解学生是否把握文章的中心、重点。 五、复述 复述课文是阅读课课堂教学的升华,是培养学生组织语言连贯表达的重要训练手段之一,通过复述对所学文章有更深层次的理解,变文章中的语言为自己的语言。会说才会写,坚持复述,既培养了学生的理解能力,又培养了学生的口头表达能力。复述的方法多种多样,如视图复述法、列表复述法、问题连结复述法、课文概要复述法、缩扩复述法、变更复述法等,在课堂教学中应注意不断交换复述方式;多种形式混合交替使用,不让学生感到单调乏味,增强课堂教学兴趣。 六、解难 所谓解难,就是指英语课堂教学中排忧解难的过程,是强化重点,突破难点的必经之路。解难的形式大体有两种,一种是由教师提出文章中较难理解的语言点,由学生思考、讨论,然后解答;另一种是学生将预习时或经过课堂教学后还有疑惑的问题提出来,由学生提出,师生共同讨论解答。这一过程可以培养学生的思维能力,培养他们在学习中发现问题、解决问题的本领,便于教师及时发现学生在学习过程中存在的问题。在这一过程中,要充分发挥教师的指导作用,精讲精练,点拨到位,启发学生思维,节省课堂时间,扩大课堂容量,提高课堂效率。 七、查测 这一步骤主要是检查学生课堂学习的效果,了解学生掌握情况,及时反馈教学信息。查测内容一般是课文教学中的重要语言点,也可以是拓展性问题。查测形式可以是口答、也可以是笔试。用不同的方式检查学生还有哪些知识没有掌握,哪些知识没有完善需要补充或提高,进而尽量达到优化课堂教学的目的。 使用阅读课文七步教学法进行阅读学习有以下几个优点: 1.遵循“整体--部分--整体”的教学原则,可以使学生整体理解文章,保证内容的完整性、连续性。 2.能把听、说、读、写综合地运用到课堂教学中,调动学生各个器官协调活动,使之更好地学习语言。 3.把一个课时分为几个阶段教,让学生由易到难,由浅入深地阅读、理解文章,使之用脑更科学,记忆最有效。 4.各个环节,井井有条,环环相扣,相辅相成,使学生感到从语言输入到语言输出,既自然又顺理成章,从而克服畏惧心理,调动学生学习积极性,提高课堂教学效率。 5.充分体现英语实践课的特点,更好地显示学生的主体地位、教师的指导作用,改变以教代学的满堂灌局面,重视学生学习的全过程。 6.重视了学生的学法指导,培养了学生的运用能力,激发了学生学习兴趣,提高了学生的阅读能力,使之在阅读中获得无穷乐趣。 总之,英语阅读课教学方法、教学模式多种多样,教无定法,只要能在教学中充分体现学生的主体地位,发挥教师的指导作用,重视学生的学法指导,打破固定的思维模式,培养学生的阅读能力,这样的教学方法与教学模式都是值得提倡的,教师应在教学中不断地摸索,完善自己的教法,把创新观念运用于教学中,提高课堂教学效率。 猜你喜欢: 1. 初中英语教师论文 2. 初中英语教师教育论文 3. 初中英语教师工作总结及反思 4. 优秀英语教师自我总结 5. 英语教师个人发展总结

初中英语阅读教学存在的问题与解决策略教育论文

在平平淡淡的日常中,说到论文,大家肯定都不陌生吧,论文是进行各个学术领域研究和描述学术研究成果的一种说理文章。你知道论文怎样才能写的好吗?下面是我整理的初中英语阅读教学存在的问题与解决策略教育论文,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

初中是学生语言发展的一个举足重轻的阶段,初中的阅读课是阅读能力培养的重要阵地,是广大英语教师探讨和研究得最多的教学组成部分。但是总的来说,初中英语阅读教学的状况并不理想,学生普遍存在着阅读速度慢,理解能力弱的现象。尽管教师和学生都在这一块投入了较多的时间和精力,但是与学习效果不能成正比,形成一种“高耗低效”的现象。不少的学生在英语考试当中阅读题得分普遍偏低。应该如何改变这种高投入低效率的现象,提高阅读教学质量,切实提高学生运用语言的能力,笔者从实际教学出发,对新课标下的初中英语阅读教学进行研究和探索,发现当前阅读教学当中存在的一些问题,对其进行分析并提出对应的优化对策。

一、英语阅读教学存在的问题

1、词汇量不足够、阅读速度慢。

词汇是语言的基本单位,学习任何一种语言都不能够忽视词汇的学习。已有的研究表明,要想阅读系列等级读物,必须达到95%的理解。也就是说,在阅读时,学生必须认识现有等级读物中95%的词,才能够做到快速顺利阅读。但是,由于学生的词汇量小,阅读的时间不够多,阅读的速度又由于词汇障碍而很慢,从而导致他们接触英语词汇的机会很少,词汇量小又引起他们在阅读过程当中容易引起挫败感,使得学生对阅读失去兴趣或失去信心,从而产生一种不良的循环。

2、课外阅读量少,不能为理解提供充分的输入。

学习任何一种语言,最有效的方法是置身于这种语言的文化背景当中去。我们在阅读一篇文字时,要达到对文字的理解,有时候不仅仅需要对词汇的熟悉认识,更需要对该段文字的背景知识的了解。而目前来说,初中生的英语阅读量偏少,不能为理解文章提供充分的输入,并且,过小的阅读量不利于词汇的积累与语言综合水平的发展。

3、教学模式单一,对阅读教材只限于对课文表层的理解。

阅读教学模式单一,阅读教材单一拘泥于学生对所读教材的表层理解,学生不能够对所读文章的重点进行有效推断,难以正确把握文章脉络,从而影响对文章理解的准确性。许多教师甚至还使用一问一答的教学方式,让学生回答的问题都是教师事先确定好的,学生只处于一个被动应付的局面,不利于培养学生的发散性思维和学习主动性。有些教师在日常阅读教学实践当中,把阅读当作精读,阅读教学就是讲解生词,罗列搭配,补充词组,逐句逐段地分析句子结构、语法等;而有的教师则把阅读当作课外阅读,划出词组,提供个标准答案,学生自读完以后只了解了个故事情节。由于教法单一、陈旧,学生接触到的教材基本是课本和试题,难以激发他们的阅读兴趣,更没能够发展他们的推理能力、归纳能力及感受能力。

二、适应新课改大背景下的阅读教学方法

《英语课程标准》指出“英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分注重语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授,忽视对学生实际语言运用能力培养的倾向”,新课程要求对学生的培养目标要从以前的“双基”为主转到提高学生的阅读理解能力为主,并且增加了课外阅读量的要求,下面笔者尝试着谈一谈优化阅读教学的一些方法: 1、合理安排步骤,掌握阅读技巧,提高阅读能力。

阅读教学的开展应该具有步骤性,包括“读前”、“阅读”、“读后”三个步骤。阅读前,应该激活文化背景知识,减少阅读理解障碍。在日常阅读教学当中,经常会发生这样的情况,即尽管学生自己掌握了足够的词汇和语法知识,但仍然无法完全理解全文。原因就在于他们缺乏相应的文化背景知识,不具备在阅读过程中激活已有知识的能力。所以教师应开展各种各样的读前活动,开展读前活动时可以参照学生用书中的插图,图片。或者利用挂图,甚至录像VCD等。使得学生对所要阅读的内容有了一定的感性认识和背景文化支持。而阅读中,则应立足课堂,活用教材。阅读中教师所设计的活动应该以训练学生的阅读技能为目标,视教材为渠道,培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力,根据上下文猜测生词意思的能力,读懂并抓住大意的能力,培养学生的语篇分析能力。比如,在教学八(下)Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?时,课前让学生预先收集与UFO相关的信息,可以查看有关的书籍、电视电影,并与同学交流讨论。阅读前,展示关于UFO的电影片断,展现图片,让学生看着图用下列词汇来描述UFO来临时的情景:land,getoutof,alien,while,surprised,anywhere,kid,right,runaway,happen。阅读时对学生进行引导,让他们说出每一段的段落大意,并进行语句语篇的讲解分析,以使学生对文章结构有更清晰的认识。阅读后则主要是及时对学生读语篇的理解程度进行检查,可以利用课文后附的练习,也可以自行设计,或检查学生对课文中的事实、情节等表层的理解,或检查学生对课文尝的理解。使学生挖掘文中内涵,开展创造性思维。

2、精读与泛读相结合,课内与课外相结合。

近年来各种类型各种等级的英语考试都更加注重阅读,阅读的比重在各种英语试题当中越来越大。新课标也对初中英语阅读技能提出了更高的要求。这也就反映了阅读的量应该相应的增加,但是阅读的量不应该盲目的增加。在阅读教学中,应该区分精读与泛读,课内与课外,并且使之有机地结合起来。因此,教师应该结合教材中的主题,补充各类贴近生活、贴近时代的课外阅读材料。课内进行精读,并加以细致的指导;课外进行泛读,培养学生的语感与开拓学生视野,丰富词汇。例如,教师可以为学生们订阅英语报、英语杂志。课堂上精讲课文内容,讲解词组、语法、分析句子结构与段落等等,然后给学生选定的报刊、杂志上的文章或某一段落,让他们在课外自行阅读并按照老师讲解的方法进行分析,报刊杂志上的其他文章则只要求他们进行泛读,并在课内抽取一定的时间来谈他们课外阅读的体会。

3、加强文化背景知识的积累。

课文的教学一般都涉及三个方面的知识,分别是语言知识、阅读技能和文化背景知识。我们在教授学生课文的时候,不仅仅只是要求他们认识词汇,理解字面意思与了解文章故事内容而已,更希望他们能够在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品。文化背景知识的积累,又会加深他们对文章的理解,甚至会有助于提高他们的推理能力。在阅读教学中,教师应该注意引导学生融入到教材的文化内容中去,对比文化现象的异同,适当介绍英语国家社会制度、历史、民族习性以及价值观等文化现象,进一步提高他们英语阅读分析的能力,初步培养英语作品鉴赏能力。

教学质量是学校的生命线,教学质量管理是学校管理的重要工作。在课程改革背景下,学校教学质量的提高不能也不允许通过加大学生的课业负担来实现,要做到轻负担、高效益,只有落实有效教学,构建高效课堂。有效教学的核心是教学的效益。所谓“有效教学”,是指通过一段时间教学后,学生能获得具体进步或发展,学生能否得到最大化的进步和发展是衡量有效教学的主要指标。落实有效教学需要继承、借鉴、创新。纵观当前有效教学实施的过程,还存在很多问题,主要表现在:理念不新、备课不实、内容不齐、整合不力、方法不活、评价不新、发展不全。对实施有效教学过程中存在的这些现象,我们必须更新观念、制定制度、创新手段、优化行为,加强有效教学的指导,将有效教学的理论主张及操作要求内化为教师教学的需要。

一要加强学习,落实培训

教师教学理念认识不到位,其原因不仅仅在教师一方,学校也有责任。课程改革多年,而新课程学习培训方面,各级教育行政部门虽然开展了一些有成效的工作,但培训面相对狭窄,每年真正参加上级培训的名额非常有限,往往只能派部分优秀的教师教干参加。让每位教师深刻领会新课改的精神是实现有效教学的基本前提,教育行政部门和学校需加大培训力度,统筹安排,积极引领教师对新课程理念进行自学与研讨。学校要立足本校实际搞好校本教研:集体备课、教研活动、听课评课等要分期、分批有计划地进行,要对课标理念和教材易忽视的内容以小专题的形式进行研究和挖掘,形成具体的带有案例性质的解读材料。

二要明确要求,规范教学

实施有效教学,落实在课堂,关键在教师。因为教师的教学习惯一旦形成,要彻底改变并非易事,所以,仅靠目标管理来改变教师教学行为远远不够,需要有统一的标准来衡量、规范,因此需要在备课、上课、作业、教学方法选择等方面制订一系列标准。例如备课方面做到备教材、备学生、备教学法、备辅导(阅读),课堂教学务实不务虚,真正把学生当成学习的主人,课堂教学坚持从“教会知识”转向“教会学习”,力戒拖沓无神的“催眠课”与急风骤雨式的“填鸭课”。作业方面做到布置之前审核,以精当、适量、有层次为标准,克服作业布置的随意性,做到布置之后批阅要及时、认真、准确、全面等。

三要以学定教,顾及全面

现代教学理论强调教学以学生为主体,本质上说教学的教程就是学生学习的过程。教师是学生学习活动的计划者、组织者、引导者。因此,要立足学生,研究他们的学习需求与学习特点,从学生的具体需求与特点出发,结合课程标准的各个阶段目标,去设计教学目标和教学过程。教学方法的选择要根据学生的特点并结合教材内容,尽可能地利用学校现有的现代化教学设备,增强学生学习的主动性、互动性,提高学习参与率和自主学习能力,提升教学实效。

四要开发资源,拓宽渠道

校本课程资源的开发对教师来说确实有难度,但开发校本课程怎么搞应从学校实际出发,可简可繁。有能力形成课程体系的,可从教材研究、课程设置等方面系统整理,没有能力的,可针对学习内容和学生学习兴趣去收集整理一些拓展性材料,用学生感兴趣的内容去补充学习内容,从而开辟课程资源,增加学生吸取知识的渠道,有效地提高教学效果。

五要“授之以渔”,养成习惯

苏霍姆林斯基曾说过:“对于个人教育来说离开自我教育是不可思议的'。”要求教师加强自学指导,培养学生自主学习的习惯。自学就是要求学生学会自己提问,爱因斯坦说过“提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更重要。”因此,教师要多引导学生动脑,少替代学生思考,让学生养成独立思考和自我质疑的习惯。教师要经常给学生布置预习任务并指导预习,对学生预习情况进行检查。久而久之,就会使学生在反复强化中逐渐养成预习、质疑和独立解决问题的习惯。教师还要关注学生情感、个性、意志品德、作业习惯等非智力因素的情况,通过针对性地训练和家校互动等方式,让学生在各个方面向积极的、可持续发展的方面发展。

六要注重评价,倡导反思

教学评价的目的主要是为了改进教师的教学,完善教学过程,有效地促进学生的发展。教学评价包括“教”的评价和“学”的评价两方面。在“教”的评价中,要强调教师的自我评价。教师可借助写教学反思的形式来进行,要让教学反思促进教师的自我成长,把反思的重点放在方法(如何反思)、角度(从哪些方面去反思)、连续性与实效上。教学反思一方面是每节课后的教学反思,另一方面是阶段性教学行为反思,因为只有把短期反思与阶段反思结合起来,使教师对自己的教学有深刻的认识并有较大的改进,才能达到“反思”的真正目的。教的评价还要结合有效教学,建立对教学每个环节的评价细则,形成领导点评、教师互评、日常评价和阶段性总结评价相结合,通过评价改进教学。“学”的评价要强调评价手段多样化。对学生的评价不能只用成绩报告书作为终极评价手段,平时对学生要采用动作、神情、体态、语言等表扬方式,经常性的随机激励评价,丰富评价的手段。教学中可构建“比、学、赶、超”的评比制度,开展教师评、学生评、师生互评、当堂现场评、课后个别点评等多种形式的评价,并在评价中通过建立学生成长记录等完善评价激励机制,发挥评价的促进功能。

总之,实施有效教学既近在眼前,又任重道远。我们必须在思想上重视,从方法上创优、内容上突破、细节上关注,才能取得实效、高效。固然,目前存在的每一个问题、采取的每一项策略都不是一蹴而就的,但只要我们管理者付出艰辛的劳动和不懈的努力,有效教学一定会显现。

摘要 :课堂是教学活动的主阵地,课堂评价是建立促进学生全面发展的评价体系中最为重要的环节。新课程提倡学生积极主动地学习,这有利于学生的全面发展。但在现实教学中,学生积极主动学习、热情参与教学过程的状况与新课程的要求还有一段距离。小学英语课堂评价还存在一些现实的问题。有效的激励性评价策略能够充分调动学生的积极性,对促进小学生积极主动地学习具有重要意义。因此,在小学英语教学中,充分发挥课堂激励性评价的作用是促进学生积极主动学习、提高英语课堂教学质量等的有效途径。

关键词 :课堂评价;问题;策略;英语教学论文

1引言

面对新要求,怎样才能通过科学的课堂即时评价促进学生的发展、提高教学质量呢?这是摆在教育工作者面前突出的、值得探索的新课题。

2课堂评价的概念界定

关于课堂评价的定义各式各样,但核心基本相同,即教师在课堂教学过程中,为判断学生的学习情况,促进学生的学习,了解自己的教学效果,而对学生的学习信息采集、分析与利用。从不同的角度分析,课堂评价具有多种类型。例如,从评价内容看,有学习行为评价、学习结果评价、发展趋势评价等。对评价类型的分析与把握,有助于我们科学地建立并合理地使用教师课堂评价标准。本文所述教师课堂评价,仅指即时性评价。

3课堂评价存在的问题及其原因

存在的问题

随着新理念的提出,课堂即时性评价在一定程度上得到了实施,但没发挥其真正的作用。目前课堂评价存在的不足有:评价语言和标准单一、僵化;评价主体单一;鼓励与夸奖的滥用;纠错方式不恰当;缺少体态评价。没有对不同层次学生的区别对待。

存在问题的原因

教师受传统评价理念的影响传统教育模式中,教师是权威的,教师单向评价学生。在新课改下,传统评价思想依然存在,学生评价老师和学生互评在课堂上也不多见,老师掌握着课堂评价的主动权,必然造成评价主体单一。教师对评价功能意识淡薄有的教师为了体现新课改的精神,在课堂上大量运用“万能”的“Good,OK”来表扬学生。老师不指出读得好,好在哪里;对又对在哪里。学生听了表扬当然高兴,可这有利于学生的提高吗?教师淡忘了评价的功能。教师对激励性评价片面理解在小学英语课堂上,教师在评价时不恰当地使用激励性策略,有的是浮夸的,甚至学生出现严重错误时都一味地鼓励学生。教师对学生的心理认识不清小学五年级阶段的学生被称为学龄中期阶段或少年期,是各方面蓬勃的、不均衡的发展时期。他们的自尊心开始增强,有的教师忽略了学生的心理感受,当面批评指责学生,造成了不良的学习效果。

4激励性评价策略

概念阐述

激励性口头评价是指在课堂教学情境这一特定语境的制约下,当学生的某一行为完成后,教师通过激励性的语言对学生的行为进行价值判断,激发学习动机,诱发其兴趣,进而促使学生积极主动地发展。

策略

转变教师观念和课堂教学方式要想新的教学理念付诸于实践,解放教师的思想是前提。有的教师说:“只要学生学到东西就可以了,不一定非要展示。”可见其根本就不重视学生是否参与课堂,教师都不重视那又怎会激励学生去参与呢?而观念的转变要落实在实际的课堂中。英语课堂中如何创设语境是教师要着重思考的问题。毫无疑问,小学生更喜欢在游戏中学习。课堂评价应充满人文关怀小学英语课堂教学中,教师的评价应凸显对学生的人文关怀,体现对学生个性的尊重,评价必须坚持正确的人文价值取向。要真诚地爱学生,做到客观公正一堂小学英语课上,学生每回答一个问题,教师就表扬加分,每说一段话,教师就奖励一张贴纸。从案例中可以看出教师没有考虑活动的难易程度,一味进行雷同的表扬。教师要做到客观公正,需针对不同的学生、不同的行为作出不同的口头评价,让学生感到“老师的评价就是针对我的。”鼓励学生自评、互评积极鼓励学生自评和互评,进行面对全体学生的多主题评价。教师在评价某一位学生时可以推而广之,对集体进行激励;也可以开展学生互评。当然,这意味着教师的责任将更重,要机智地引导学生进行正面、友善的互评,否则会导致同学间关系的紧张、矛盾的产生,从而破坏集体的团结。

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[4]嵇建中.从实例透析小学生心理[J].广东教育综合,2009,(3):22-23.

英语文章阅读初中

阅读是人们获取信息的重要手段,更是 学习英语 的主要途径之一。在我国,由于英语是非母语的学习,在学习过程中没有语言环境的熏陶,那么,阅读便成为人们获取信息、提高英语水平的有效途径。下面是我整理的关于初中英语小短文,欢迎阅读!关于初中英语小短文篇一 DUTIES OF A STUDENT 学生的责任 Education is the very thing that we want to receive. Our parents send us to school so as to enable us to get/obtain knowledge and achieve great things in the future. The following are the duties of a student (which/that) we should keep in mind. In the first place, we should be filial to our parents and respectful to our teacher. In the second place, we must study as hard as we can. In the third place, we must not tell lies. Last of all, we must not criticize others. To sum up, the above-mentioned rules are the very duties of a student. 教育 就是我们要接受的东西。我们父母送我们上学以便能使人们获得知识与将来成大事。下面是我们应该记住的学生的责任。 我们应对父母要孝顺,对老师要尊敬。 我们要尽可能的用功读书。 我们切不可说谎。 最后,我们不要批评别人。 总而言之,上面所说的规则就是我们应尽的责任。 关于初中英语小短文篇二 A MODEL STUDENT 模范学生 Do you mind being called a bad student? Of course. So/As far as I know, everybody intends to be/become a model student. However, to be a model student is by no means an easy thing. First, he must do his best to obtain knowledge. A man without sufficient knowledge will not succeed. Secondly, he must remember to improve his health. Only a strong man can do great tasks. Thirdly, he should receive moral education. If his conduct is not good, no one will consider making friends with him. 你介意被称为坏学生吗?当然。就我所知,每个人都打算做模范学生。 然而,做模范学生却不容易。第一,他必须尽力获得知识(求知)。一个没有足够知识的人是不会成功的。第二,他必须记住促进健康。只有强壮的人才能做大事。第三,他应该接受道德教育。如果他品行不好,没有人会考虑和他交朋友的。 关于初中英语小短文篇三 HOW TO GET HAPPINESS 如何获得快乐 There is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the world. Without it, life will be empty and meaningless. If you wish to know how to get happiness, you must pay attention to the following two points. First, health is the secret of happiness/the key to happiness. Only a strong man can enjoy the pleasure of life. Secondly, happiness consists in contentment. A man who is dissatisfied with his present condition is always in distress. 无疑,快乐是世界上最宝贵的东西。没有它,人生将是空虚的而且毫无意义的。如果你希望知道如何获得快乐,你须注意下面两点。 健康是快乐的要诀。唯有身体强壮的人才能享受人生的乐趣。 快乐在于知足。一个不满于现状的人始终是处在痛苦之中。 关于初中英语小短文篇四 BOOKS 书籍 As is well known, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increase our knowledge, broaden our minds and strengthen our character. In other words, they are our good teachers and wise friends. This is the reason why our parents always encourage us to read more books. Reading is a good thing, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can derive benefits from good books. However, bad books will do us more harm than good. 众所周知,书籍教我们学习人生,真理,科学以及 其它 许多有用的东西。它们增加我们的知识,扩大我们的心胸并加强我们的品格。换句话说,它们是我们的良师益友。这是为什么我们的父母总是鼓励我们要多读书的理由。 读书是一好事,但我们必须多注意书的选择。不错,我们能从好书中获得益处。然而,坏书却对我们有害无益。 关于初中英语小短文篇五 THE VALUE OF TIME 爱惜时光 An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it/this wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money by work but can not in any way get back time. For this reason, we may/can say that time is more valuable than money. Many people do not know the value of time. It/this is indeed a great pity. We must bear/keep in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life. 英国有句 谚语 说,时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么?因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱,但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由,我们可以说时间比金钱更宝贵。 许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。

初中英语阅读短文

适合初中学生阅读的短文有哪些呢?下面我为大家准备了初中的英语阅读短文,希望大家喜欢!

初中英语阅读短文一:The Road To Happiness幸福之道

It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it unwisely. Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, and most of them lose it instead, but there are other ways of pursuing money, which often succeed.

So it is with happiness. If you pursue it by means of drink, you are forgetting the hang-over. Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial society and eating only dry bread, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days.

His method proved successful in his case, but he was a valetudinarian, and most people would need something more vigorous. For most people, the pursuit of happiness, unless supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. But I think that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should not, except in rare and heroic cases, be incompatible with happiness.

There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, . health and a sufficient income, and who, nevertheless, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong.

We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten.

People propose to themselves some one paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. A businessman may be so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble example.

Many rich ladies, although nature has not endowed them with any spontaneous pleasure in literature or art, decide to be thought cultured, and spend boring hours learning the right thing to say about fashionable new books that are written to give delight, not to afford opportunities for dusty snobbism.

If you look around at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all have certain things in common. The most important of these things is an activity which at most gradually builds up something that you are glad to see coming into existence.

Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family. Artists and authors and men of science get happiness in this way if their own work seems good to them.

But there are many humbler forms of the same kind of pleasure. Many men who spend their working life in the city devote their weekends to voluntary and unremunerated toil in their gardens, and when the spring comes, they experience all the joys of having created beauty.

The whole subject of happiness has, in my opinion, been treated too solemnly. It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion. Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recovery, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill. But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory.

It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his children's noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen----a different diet, or more exercise, or what not.

Man is an animal, and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think. This is a humble conclusion, but I cannot make myself disbelieve it. Unhappy businessmen, I am convinced, would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy.

道德家们常说:幸福靠追求是得不到的。只有用不明智的方式去追求才是这样。蒙特卡洛城的赌徒们追求金钱,但多数人却把钱输掉了,而另外一些追求金钱的办法却常常成功。追求幸福也是一样。如果你通过畅饮来追求幸福,那你就忘记了酒醉后的不适。埃毕丘鲁斯追求幸福的办法是只和志趣相投的人一起生活,只吃不涂黄油的面包,节日才加一点奶酪。他的办法对他来说是成功的,但他是个体弱多病的人,而多数人需要的是精力充沛。就多数人来说,除非你有别的补充办法,这样追求快乐就过于抽象和脱离实际,不宜作为个人的生活准则。不过,我觉得无论你选择什么样的生活准则,除了那些罕见的和英雄人物的例子外,都应该是和幸福相容的。

很多人拥有获得幸福的全部物质条件,即健康的身体和丰足的收入,可是他们非常不快乐。就这种情况来说,似乎问题处在生活理论的错误上。从某种意义上讲,我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是不正确的。我们和动物的区别并没有我们想象的那么大。动物是凭冲动生活的,只要客观条件有利,它们就会快乐。如果你有一只猫,它只要有东西吃,感到暖和,偶尔晚上得到机会去寻欢,它就会很快活。你的需要比你的猫要复杂一些,但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中,特别是在讲英语的社会中,这一点很容易被忘却。人们给自己定下一个最高的目标,对一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动都加以克制。生意人可能因为切望发财以致不惜牺牲健康和爱情。等他终于发了财,他除了苦苦劝人效法他的好榜样而搅得别人心烦外,并没有得到快乐。很多有钱的贵妇人,尽管自然并未赋予她们任何欣赏文学或艺术的兴趣,却决意要使别人认为她们是有教养的,于是他们花费很多烦人的时间学习怎样谈论那些流行的新书。这些书写出来是要给人以乐趣的,而不是要给人以附庸风雅的机会的。

只要你观察一下周围那些你可称之为幸福的男男女女,就会看出他们都有某些共同之处。在这些共同之处中有一点是最重要的:那就是活动本身,它在大多数情况下本身就很有趣,而且可逐渐的使你的愿望得以实现。生性喜爱孩子的妇女,能够从抚养子女中得到这种满足。艺术家、作家和科学家如果对自己的工作感到满意,也能以同样的方式得到快乐。不过,还有很多是较低层次的快乐。许多在城里工作的人到了周末自愿地在自家的庭院里做无偿的劳动,春天来时,他们就可尽情享受自己创造的美景带来的快乐。

在我看来,整个关于快乐的话题一向都被太严肃的对待过了。过去一直有这样的看法:如果没有一种生活的理论或者宗教信仰,人是不可能幸福的。也许那些由于理论不好才导致不快乐的人需要一种较好的理论帮助他们重新快活起来,就像你生过病需要吃补药一样。但是,正常情况下,一个人不吃补药也应当是健康的;没有理论也应当是幸福的。真正有关系的是一些简单的事情。如果一个男人喜爱他的妻子儿女,事业有成,而且无论白天黑夜,春去秋来,总是感到高兴,那么不管他的理论如何,都会是快乐的。反之,如果他讨厌自己的妻子,受不了孩子们的吵闹,而且害怕上班;如果他白天盼望夜晚,而到了晚上又巴望着天明,那么,他所需要的就不是一种新的理论,而是一种新的生活——改变饮食习惯,多锻炼身体等等。

人是动物,他的幸福更多的时候取决于其生理状况而非思想状况。这是一个很庸俗的结论,然而我无法使自己怀疑它。我确信,不幸福的商人与其找到新的理论来使自己幸福,还不如每天步行六英里更见效。

初中英语阅读短文二:If the Dream is Big Enough如果梦想足够大

I used to watch her from mykitchenwindow, she seemed so small as she muscled her way throughthecrowd of boys on the playground. The school was across thestreetfrom our home and I would often watch the kids as theyplayedduring recess. A sea of children, and yet to me, she stoodout fromthem remr the first day I saw her playing basketball.

I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into boys always tried to stop her but no one begantonotice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing practice dribbling and shooting over and overagain,sometimes until dark.

One day I asked her why she practicedsomuch. She looked directly in my eyes and without a momentofhesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way Icango is if I get a scholarship. I like basketball. I decided thatifI were good enough, I would get a scholarship.

I am going toplaycollege basketball.

I want to be the best. My Daddy told me ifthedream is big enough, the facts don’t count.” Then she smiledandran towards the court to recap the routine I had seen overandover again.

Well, I had to give it to her—she was her through those junior high years and into week, she led her varsity team to day inhersenior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head cradled inherarms.

I walked across the street and sat down in the coolgrassbeside her. Quietly I asked what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,”came asoft reply. “I am just too short.” The coach told her that at5’5”she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team—muchless offered a scholarship—so she should stop was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tightenas Isensed her disappointment.

I asked her if she had talked to herdadabout it lifted her head from her hands and told methather father said those coaches were wrong. They just didnotunderstand the power of a dream. He told her that if shereallywanted to play for a good college, if she truly wantedascholarship, that nothing could stop her except one thing — herownattitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, thefactsdon’t count.”The next year, as she and her team went totheNorthern California Championship game, she was seen by acollege recruiter.

She was indeed offered a scholarship, a fullride, toa Division I, NCAA women’s basketball team. She was goingto getthe college education that she had dreamed of and workedtoward forall those ’s true: If the dream is big enough,the factsdon’t count.

我以前常常从厨房的窗户看到她穿梭于操场上的一群男孩子中间,她显得那么矮小。

学校在我家的街对面,我可以经常看到孩子们在下课时间打球。尽管有一大群的孩子,但我觉得她跟其他的孩子截然不同。

我记得第一天看到她打篮球的情景。看着她在其他孩子旁边兜来转去,我感到十分惊奇。她总是尽力地跳起投篮,球恰好越过那些孩子的头顶飞入篮筐。那些男孩总是拼命地阻止她,但没有人可以做得到。

我开始注意到她有时候一个人打球。她一遍遍地练习运球和投篮,有时直到天黑。有一天我问她为什么这么刻苦地练习。她直视着我的'眼睛,不加思索地说:“我想上大学。只有获得奖学金我才能上大学。我喜欢打篮球,我想只要我打得好,我就能获得奖学金。我要到大学去打篮球。我想成为最棒的球员。我爸爸告诉我说,心中有目标,风雨不折腰。”说完她笑了笑,跑向篮球场,又开始我之前见过的一遍又一遍的练习。

嘿,我服了她了——她是下定了决心了。我看着她这些年从初中升到高中。每个星期,她带领的学校篮球代表队都能够获胜。

高中那会儿的某一天,我看见她坐在草地上,头埋在臂弯里。我穿过街道,坐到她旁边的清凉的草地上。我轻轻地问出什么事了。“哦,没什么,”她轻声回答,“只是我太矮了。”原来篮球教练告诉她,以五英尺五英寸的身材,她几乎是没有机会到一流的球队去打球的——更不用说会获得奖学金了——所以她应该放弃想上大学的梦想。

她很伤心,我也觉得自己的喉咙发紧,因为我感觉到了她的失望。我问她是否与她的爸爸谈过这件事。

她从臂弯里抬起头,告诉我,她爸爸说那些教练错了。他们根本不懂得梦想的力量。他告诉她,如果真的想到一个好的大学去打篮球,如果她真的想获得奖学金,任何东西也不能阻止她,除非她自己不愿意。他又一次跟她说:“心中有目标,风雨不折腰。”

第二年,当她和她的球队去参加北加利福尼亚州冠军赛时,她被一位大学的招生人员看中了。她真的获得了奖学金,一个全面资助的奖学金,并且进入美国全国大学体育协会其中一队女子甲组篮球队。她将接受她曾梦想并为之奋斗多年的大学教育。

是的,心中有目标,风雨不折腰。

初中英语阅读文章

下面我给大家收集整理了初中英语阅读的文章,有兴趣的朋友可以阅读欣赏一下哦!

第一篇:Dogedog

Dogedog had always been very lazy, and now that his father and mother were dead and he had no one to care for him, he lived very poorly. He had little to eat. His house was old and small and so poor that it had not even a floor. Still he would rather sit all day and idle away his time than to work and have more things.

One day, however, when the rainy season was near at hand, Dogedog began thinking how cold he would be when the storms came, and he felt so sorry for himself that he decided to make a floor in his house.

Wrapping some rice in a banana leaf for his dinner, he took his long knife and went to the forest to cut some bamboo. He hung the bundle of rice in a tree until he should need it; but while he was working a cat came and ate it. When the hungry man came for his dinner, there was none left. Dogedog went back to his miserable little house which looked forlorn to him even, now that he had decided to have a floor.

The next day he went again to the forest and hung his rice in the tree as he did before, but again the cat came and ate it. So the man had to go home without any dinner.

The third day he took the rice, but this time he fixed a trap in the tree, and when the cat came it was caught.

"Now I have you!" cried the man when he found the cat; "and I shall kill you for stealing my rice."

"Oh, do not kill me," pleaded the cat, "and I will be of some use to you."

So Dogedog decided to spare the cat's life, and he took it home and tied it near the door to guard the house.

Some time later when he went to look at it, he was very much surprised to find that it had become a cock.

"Now I can go to the cock-fight at Magsingal," cried the man. And he was very happy, for he had much rather do that than work.

Thinking no more of getting wood for his floor, he started out at once for Magsingal with the cock under his arm.

As he was crossing a river he met an alligator which called out to him: "Where are you going, "Dogedog?"

"To the cock-fight at Magsingal," replied the man as he fondly stroked the rooster.

"Wait, and I will go with you," said the alligator; and he drew himself out of the water.

The two walking together soon entered a forest where they met a deer and it asked: "Where are you going, Dogedog?"

"To the cock-fight at Magsingal," said the man.

"Wait and I will go with you," said the deer; and he also joined them.

By and by they met a mound of earth that had been raised by the ants, and they would have passed without noticing it had it not inquired: "Where are you going, Dogedog?"

"To the cock-fight at Magsingal," said the man once more; and the mound of earth joined them.

The comp

any then hurried on, and just as they were leaving the forest, they passed a big tree in which was a monkey. "Where are you going, Dogedog?" shrieked the monkey. And without waiting for an answer, he scrambled down the tree and followed them.

As the party walked along they talked together, and the alligator said to Dogedog: "If any man wants to dive into the water, I can stay under longer than he."

Then the deer, not to be outdone, said: "If any man wants to run, I can run faster."

The mound of earth, anxious to show its strength, said: "If any man wants to wrestle, I can beat him."

And the monkey said: "If any man wants to climb, I can go higher."

They reached Magsingal in good time and the people were ready for the fight to begin. When Dogedog put his rooster, which had been a cat, into the pit, it killed the other cock at once, for it used its claws like a cat.

The people brought more roosters and wagered much money, but Dogedog's cock killed all the others until there was not one left in Magsingal, and Dogedog won much money. Then they went outside the town and brought all the cocks they could find, but not one could win over that of Dogedog.

When the cocks were all dead, the people wanted some other sport, so they brought a man who could stay under water for a long time, and Dogedog made him compete with the alligator. But after a while the man had to come up first. Then they brought a swift runner and he raced with the deer, but the man was left far behind. Next they looked around until they found a very large man who was willing to contend with the mound of earth, but after a hard struggle the man was thrown. Finally they brought a man who could climb higher than anyone else, but the monkey went far above him, and he had to give up.

All these contests had brought much money to Dogedog, and now he had to buy two horses to carry his sacks of silver. As soon as he reached home, he bought the house of a very rich man and went to live in it. And he was very happy, for he did not have to work any more.

第二篇:The Carabao and the Shell

One very hot day, when a carabao went into the river to bathe, he met a shell and they began talking together.

"You are very slow," said the carabao to the shell.

"Oh, no," replied the shell. "I can beat you in a race."

"Then let us try and see," said the carabao.

So they went out on the bank and started to run.

After the carabao had gone a long distance he stopped and called, "Shell!"

And another shell lying by the river answered, "Here I am!"

Then the carabao, thinking that it was the same shell with which he was racing, ran on.

By and by he stopped again and called, "Shell!"

And another shell answered, "Here I am!"

The carabao was surprised that the shell could keep up with him. But he ran on and on, and every time he stopped to call, another shell answered him. But he was determined that the shell should not beat him, so he ran until he dropped dead.

阅读文章的英语

阅读的英文是read。

阅读运用语言文字来获取信息,认识世界,发展思维,并获得审美体验的活动。它是从视觉材料中获取信息的过程。视觉材料主要是文字和图片,也包括符号、公式、图表等。

一种主动的过程,由阅读者根据不同的目的加以调节控制的,陶冶人们的情操,提升自我修养。阅读是一种理解,领悟,吸收,鉴赏,评价和探究文章的思维过程。阅读可以改变思想,从而可能改变命运。

扩展资料

一般以阅读时是否出声音为标准,则可以分为朗读、默读和视读三类,前两类也称为音读,后一类一般称为速读。

1、朗读(有的称诵读)即发出声音的阅读,这类阅读多半在少儿识字、读书背诵时使用,或因老师需要了解学生是否真的会读,或作检验学生阅读能力等;

2、而默读则是表面没有发出声音,而大脑中仍然在默念阅读时的文字或符号读音的阅读,这种阅读是当今为最大多数人所熟悉并使用的阅读方法;

3、视读即速读,它则是指完全由人的视觉器官眼睛识别后直接由大脑发生知觉的阅读方式,它的特点就是由眼睛识别后直接作用于大脑产生意义理解的阅读,整个过程极少有发生音读现象。

参考资料来源:百度百科-阅读

“阅读”的英文是read。

read英 [ri:d] 美 [ri:d] vt.& vi.阅读,朗读; 显示; 研究; 看得懂vt.阅读; 显示; 读懂,理解n.阅读; 读书; 读物; 里德(人名)adj.被朗读的; 博识的; 博览的; 有学问的

readingn.阅读;读数;宣读;读物readvt.& vi.阅读,朗读;显示;研究;看得懂perusevt.研读;(尤指)细阅sightn.景象;看见;视力;视野

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