首页

> 学术论文知识库

首页 学术论文知识库 问题

收账管理论文参考文献

发布时间:

收账管理论文参考文献

2、制订合理的赊销方针。企业可借鉴西方对商业信用的理解,制订适合自己的可防范风险的赊销方针。如:(1)有担保的赊销。企业可在合同中规定,客户要在赊欠期中提供担保,如果赊欠过期则承担相应的法律责任。(2)条件销售。赊欠期较长的应收账款发生坏账的风险一般比赊欠期较短的坏账风险要大,因此企业可与客户签定附带条件的销售合同,在赊欠期间货物所有权仍属销售方所有,客户只有在货款全部结清后才能取得所有权。若不能偿还欠款,企业则有权收回商品,弥补部分损失。 3、建立赊销审批制度。在企业内部应分别规定业务部、业务科长等各级人员可批准的赊销限额,限额以上须报经上级或经理审批。这种分级管理制度使赊销业务必须经过相关人员的授权批准,有利于将其控制在合理的限度内。 4、强化应收账款的单个客户管理和总额管理。企业对与自己有经常性业务往来的客户应进行单独管理,通过付款记录、账龄分析表及平均收款期判断个别账户是否存在账款拖欠问题。如果赊销业务繁忙,不可能对所有客户都单独管理,则可侧重于总额控制。信用管理人员应定期计算应收账款周转率、平均收款期、收款占销售额的比例以及坏账损失率,编制账龄分析表,按账龄分类估计潜在的风险损失,以便正确估量应收账款价值,并相应地调整信用政策。 5、建立销售回款一条龙责任制。为防止销售人员为了片面追求完成销售任务而强销盲销,企业应在内部明确追讨应收账款不是财务人员而是销售人员的责任。同时,制订严格的资金回款考核制度,以实际收到货款数作为销售部门的考核指标,每个销售人员必须对每一项销售业务从签订合同到回收资金铨过程负责。这样就可使销售人员明确风险意识,加强货款的回收。 三、应收账款风险的防范 企业为防范债务人无限期地拖欠货款,可采用以下措施: 1、将应收账款改为应收票据。由于应收票据具有更强的追索权,且到期前可以背书转让或贴现,在一定程度上能够降低坏账损失的风险,所以当客户到期不能偿还货款时企业可要求客户开出承兑汇票以抵销应收账款。 2、应收账款抵押与让售。企业可通过抵押或让售业务将应收账款变现。应收账款抵押是企业以应收账款为担保品,众金融机构预先取得货款,收到客户支付欠款时再如数转交给金融机构作为部分借款的归还。但一旦客户拒绝付款,金融机构有权向企业追索,企业必须清偿全部借款。应收账款让售是企业将应收账款出售给从事此项业务的代理机构以取得资金,售出的应收账款无追索权。客户还款时直接支付给代理机构,一旦发生坏账企业不须承担任何责任。这项业务可以使企业将全部风险转移。这在西方比较盛行。我国某些金融机构可以对资信好的企业逐步建立这样的金融业务,有利市场分工和健康发展。 3、进行信用保险。虽然信用保险仅限于非正常损失,保险公司通常把保险金融限制在一定的范围内,要求被保企业承担一部分坏账损失,但是这种方式仍然可以把企业所不能预料的重大损失的风险转移给保险公司,使应收账款的损失率降至最低。 四、加强收账管理与提高我国市场的信用机制 企业向逾期尚未付款的顾客应采用适当的收款政策收取应收账款。若收款政策较严,虽然可以减少坏账损失及应收账款拖欠资金被占用的机会成本,但同时也会增加收账费用;反之,可发生较少的收账费用,但却又会增加应收账款的机会成本及坏账损失。因此,企业应制订最佳的收款政策,在增加收账费用与减少坏账损失及机会成本之间权衡,使收账成本最低,企业效益最大。同时,要注意讲究收账技巧,对于无力偿付与故意拖欠,以及欠款期不同的企业要采取不同的收账策略进行收账,如:寄函,打电话,派人催收,双方协商解决,借助于有权威的第三者调解,由仲裁机关仲裁解决,上诉司法机关,加强司法机关执行的力度等。总之,应逐步建立和提高我国市场的信用机制。

应收账款管理是企业 财务管理 的重要内容之一。它是对企业因赊销商品提供劳务过程中形成的应向客户收取的资产进行核算监督管理。下面是我为大家整理的企业应收账款管理研究论文,供大家参考。

《 企业应如何加强应收账款的管理 》

摘要:应收账款(Receivables)指企业因销售商品、材料、提供劳务等,应向购货单位收取的款项,以及代垫运杂费和承兑期已到而未能收到款项的商业承兑汇票。笔者结合企业的实际情况,就应收账款产生的原因,以及因管理不善所造成的损失;就如何对其进行事前、事中、事后的控制与监督、账款风险的转嫁等进行了分析和研究。并提出了一些管理办法和具体 措施 ,以便进一步改进和完善企业的应收账款管理制度,使企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。

关键词:应收账款;管理

中图分类号: 文献标识码:A 文章 编号:1001-828X(2012)04-00-01

在社会主义市场经济条件下,企业间的市场竞争日趋激烈,企业为了扩大销售,增强市场竞争力,不得不采用赊销赊供的办法去争取客户;另一方面由于商品销售成交的时间和收到货款的时间经常不一致,导致了应收账款的产生。

一、应收账款过多所导致的不良后果

1.产生坏账损失的可能性比较高

赊销方式在强化企业市场竞争地位和实力,扩大销售,增加收益,节约存货资金占用,降低存货管理成本等方面有着其他结算方式都无法比拟的优势。但相对于现销方式而言,赊销方式毕竟意味着应计现金流入量与实际现金流入量在时间上的不一致,所以会出现拖欠账款、且产生坏账损失的可能性也比较高。

2.夸大了企业的经营成果,增大了经营风险

企业应收账款的大量存在,虚增了账面上的销售收入,在一定程度上夸大了企业的经营成果,同时可能产生一些坏账损失,增大了企业的经营风险。

3.加速了企业的现金流出

赊销并未真正使现金流入增加,反而使企业不得不运用有限的流动资金去垫付各种税金和费用,使应收账款的管理成本及回收成本增加,造成企业现金的流出。

如何控制应收账款额度,尽可能降低坏账损失,笔者认为应从以下几个方面做起

二、加强事前控制,建立内部控制制度

1.制定适当的职责分离制度。应收账款内部控制制度执行得好坏,取决于对销售收入的内部控制制度。因此,就要制定严格的销售收入控制制度,如应收账款的记账人员不能同时成为应收账款的收款人员。

2.建立正确的授权审批制度。要建立正确有效的授权审批制度,就应明确授权的责任,并建立经济业务授权审批程序。如在进行赊销业务之前,就应按程序进行审批,未经部门领导及企业主管领导的批准不得发出货物,以防止企业因为向虚构的或无力支付货款的客户发货,而使企业蒙受经济损失。

3.建立应收账款终身负责制和第一责任人制。谁经手的业务发生了坏账,无论责任人是否调离该企业,都要追究其责任。

三、加强事中检查,建立日常管理机制

企业向客户赊销产品,就会产生大量的应收账款,应收账款是企业流动资产的重要组成部分,企业对应收账款的运行状况应进行经常性分析、检查、控制。

1.建立用户信用档案:做好基础记录,了解用户付款的及时程度,基础记录包括企业对用户提供的信用条件,建立信用关系的日期,用户付款的时间,目前尚欠款数额以及用户信用等级的变化等。

2.检查用户是否突破信用额度。企业对用户提供的每一笔赊销业务,都要检查其是否有超过信用期限的现象,并注意检查用户所欠债务总额是否突破了信用额度。

3.控制用户拖欠债务的期限,及时掌握用户已到期债务的增减变动情况,以便与用户取得联系,提醒其尽快付款。

4.分析用户应收账款周转率和平均收账期,看流动资金是否处于正常周转水平,企业可通过该项指标,与同期计划及同行业同类指标对比,藉以评价应收账款管理中的成绩与不足,并及时修正信用条件。

5.考察用户的拒付状况。考察应收账款被拒付的百分比,如通过实际坏账损失率是大于或还是低于预计坏账损失率,来看企业信用标准是否定的过于太松或太紧,从而修正信用标准。

6.编制账龄分析表,检查应收账款的实际占用天数,通过对应收账款账龄的分析,及时发现问题,提前采取应对措施,尽可能减少坏账损失。

四、加强事后监督,建立账款回收机制

1.制定定期寄送对账单制度。定期与企业外部的客户进行账款的核对工作,为了保证该项控制制度的有效性,企业应考虑指定一位独立于现金出纳、销售人员以及应收账款管理人员以外的人,对企业的销售往来业务,进行定期全面的检查与监督。

2.定期或不定期进行内部审计。防范因管理不严而出现款项被挪用、贪污及资金体外循环等问题,以降低风险和损失。

3.成立以主管领导为组长的账款清欠小组,定期进行催讨,使款项足额入库。

4.确定合理的收账程序。催收账款的程序一般为:信函通知、电报电话传真催收、派人面谈、或在考虑成本效益的原则下诉诸法律。

5.确定合理的讨债 方法 。若客户确实遇到暂时的困难,一般做法是对应收账款进行债权重组:接受欠款户按市价以低于债务额的非货币性资产予以抵偿;改变债务形式为“长期应收款”,确定一个合理的利率,同意用户制定分期偿债计划;修改偿债条件,甚至减少本金,激励其还款;将债权转变为对用户的“长期投资”,协助企业扭转亏损,以达到收回账款的目的。

6.企业应遵循谨慎性会计原则,对可能产生的坏账损失进行估计,提取坏账准备金。

企业要想降低应收账款损失,规避坏账风险,应主要有以下途径:

(1)应收账款证券化

企业可以根据自身的财务特点和财务安排的具体要求,委托银行对该应收账款实行证券化融资,借助证券化提供一种偿付期与其资产的偿还期相匹配的资产融资方式,对资产负债表中的具体项目进行调整和优化,盘活现存资产,增加资产流动性。

(2)应收账款的抵借

应收账款的抵借是将企业的应收账款作为抵押品向银行获得借款的一种融资方式,分为整体抵借和特定抵借。应收账款的抵借能够满足中小企业对资金的需求,加速企业资金周转。

(3)应收账款的无追索权让售

就是企业将应收账款作为商品卖给代理商、银行或金融机构,这样,就使应收账款的风险得以及时有效的转移。

(4)取得第三方担保

当某客户被评定为高风险等级时,企业一般只与其进行现金交易,但是如果有第三方愿意为其提供担保,承担连带责任的话,也应该考虑对其采用赊销结算方式,一旦发生坏账损失,可以向第三方追讨账款。

总之,应收账款的管理应成为 企业运营 资金管理的重要组成部分,只有引起 企业管理 层的高度重视,并常抓不懈,才能加速企业资金的周转并及时收回账款。

《 应收账款对企业运营的影响及加强应收账款管理探讨 》

摘 要:企业应收账款是指企业在赊销、提供劳务后应得收入,或者其他应收款项。因此,加强应收账款的管理,加速企业资金的良性循环,提高资金周转效率,防止坏账的发生,减少收账费用及财务损失,是企业十分重要的财务管理活动。企业应采取有效措施,切实加强应收账款的财务管理工作。

关键词:企业 财务管理 应收账款 周转率 经营风险 建议

近年来,我国企业的应收账款总量逐渐提高,这已经成为企业良好运转的一大弊端。这不仅对企业的资金流及资金周转带来了损害,而且也加大了企业的财务和运营风险,导致资金链断裂。面对企业应收账款的严峻形势,充分重视应收账款的管理,最大限度降低企业应收账款的风险,是企业财务管理工作者认真研究的重要课题。

1.逾期应收账款对企业正常运营的影响分析

随着经济全球化步伐加快,市场竞争日趋激烈,企业急于打开营销局面,争夺市场份额,扩大市场占有率,大量运用商业信用促销,与客户签订赊销合同时,在资金回笼上给予客户较大的信用额度和较长的赊销期限,产生了账面的高收入、高利润。但大量相似的行为往往很少考虑赊销资金时间价值,忽视了被客户拖欠占用的流动资金是否能及时收回的问题,造成应收账款急剧增加,给企业带来了巨大的经济损失。以生产建材为主要业务的某企业为例,从2007年~2011年末,商品产值和主营业务收入都呈现出逐年上升的趋势,但应收账款资金的比重却居高不下,大量资金被占用,企业资金周转困难。

应收账款周转率分析

应收账款周转率是一个用来衡量企业在资产管理方面效率的财务比率。一般来说,应收账款周转率越高,平均收现期越短,说明应收账款的收回越快。否则,企业的营运资金会过多的呆滞在应收账款上,影响资金的正常周转。(应收账款周转率=销售收入/平均应收账款;应收账款周转天数=360/应收账款周转率)。

从表1分析可知,企业的主营业务收入由2007年的元万上升至2011年的万元,增长率为;应收账款期末余额由2007年的元上升至2011年的元,增长率为,应收账款的增长速度明显快于主营业务收入的增长速度。从周转率分析来看,应收账款周转率由2007年的次下降至2011年的次;周转天数由2007年的48天上升至2011年的75天,由此可见,企业的应收账款周转率低,平均收现期长,应收账款大量占用公司资金,影响该企业的现金流。

年以上应收账款占应收账款总额比重分析

企业两年以上应收账款占总应收账款的比重由2007年的13%上升至2011年的19%,比重较大且呈逐年上升的趋势。说明企业可收回应收账款数额并不多,发生坏账的机率也比较高,相对形成损失的风险也就比较大。进一步说明企业应收账款管理水平弱,从而增加了企业的机会成本和管理成本。在一定程度上,还会影响企业的短期偿债能力。

应收账款占流动资产比重分析

企业应收账款占流动资产的比重由2007年的15%上升至2011年的18%,应收账款的资金占用呈逐年上升的趋势。由于企业发生赊销的几率比较高、应收账款的余额多,所以,即使该企业的主营业务收入很大,但还是导致其流动资金被大量占用,造成企业流动资金紧缺,周转困难,甚至影响企业的正常运作。

2.加强企业应收账款管理的建议

上面以某企业为例从应收账款周转率、2年以上应收账款占应收账款总额比重、应收账款占流动资产比重三个侧面,对逾期应收账款对企业正常运营的影响进行了简单的分析。根据企业运营中的实际情况,笔者对企业应收账款的管理提出以下建议:

提高产品竞争力,增加企业的周转资金

企业应加强市场调研,认真研究、了解、把握市场,并分析预测市场需求的前景,及时开发研制新产品,以开拓新市场,生产适销对路的产品;同时企业要根据消费者的需求向多层次、多样化、个性化方向发展的趋势,生产出有特色的、差异化的,满足多层次需求的产品。企业还需要结合自身优势,强化创新意识,争创名牌商标,提高知名度,扩大影响力。另外,企业要根据发展对外贸易,开辟国际市场的需求,创造条件,通过提高产品档次和质量,改进产品外观等措施来逐步扩大市场占有率。只要有更多的消费者选择企业的产品,就会有更多的客户来选择企业,企业就可以有目的地选择客户,选择那些信用品质好、赖账可能性小的客户,以减少资金在应收账款上的占用,从而增加公司的周转资金,进而提高企业的经济效益。

建立完善的应收账款管理制度

首先应建立完善的应收账款管理制度,包括建立客户信用制度、赊销责任制度和可行的收账政策。第一,建立客户信用制度。企业首先要做好客户的资信调查,收集客户的企业性质、法定代表人、注册资金、财务状况、经营规模、信誉等资料,建立客户档案,为信用评价提供相对完整和科学的依据。第二,建立赊销责任制。企业在实行销售大承包和销售回款计酬办法的同时,应建立赊销责任制。即赊销款的回收由销售人员负责,销售人员工资、奖金除了视销售业务的开展情况外,还应与赊销的回收率挂钩,从而增强销售人员的责任心。而在确定赊销时,应根据客户的资金信誉程度而确定。第三,制定可行的收账政策。企业如果采用积极的收账政策,可能会减少应收账款投资,减少坏账损失,但会增加收账成本。如果采用较消极的收账政策,则可减少收账费用,但却会增加应收帐款投资,增加坏账损失,这样就要求企业依据市场经济环境和自身状况科学地设计回收策略。企业除了要适时地使用现金折扣、适度地利用担保制度外,还应确定合理的收账程序和讨债方法。

加强应收账款的日常管理工作

具体来讲可以从以下几方面做好:①检查用户是否突破信用额度。企业对用户提供的每一笔赊销业务,都要检查是否有超过信用期限的记录,并注意检验用户所欠债务总额是否突破了信用额度。②掌握用户已过信用期限的债务,密切监控用户巳到期债务的增减动态,以便及时采取措施与用户联系提醒其尽快付款。③分析应收账款周转率和平均收账期,看流动资金是否处于正常水平,企业可通过该项指标,与以前实际、现在计划及同行业相比,借以评价应收账款管理中的成绩与不足,并修正信用条件。④编制账龄分析表,检查应收账款的实际占用天数,企业对其收回的监督,可通过编制账龄分析表进行,据此了解,有多少欠款尚在信用期内,应及时监督,有多少欠款已超过信用期,计算出超时长短的款项各占多少百分比,估计有多少欠款会造成坏账,如有大部分超期,企业应检查其信用政策。

提高管理人员素质

首先,企业应加强公司领导自身思想道德建设,以高度的责任心和积极务实的作风,将应收账款的管理工作纳入议事日程,把各种应收账款的清、收、管理作为盘活资金、强化管理、提高效益的一条重要措施来抓,成立专门清收管理班子,领导挂帅,财务督促,部门专抓,将应收账款的回收作为考核个人和部门业绩的组成部分,与 承包合同 ,个人的经济利益挂钩;其次,加强员工业务知识、技能和职业道德的培训。企业应加强对员工业务知识和技能的培训,如 法律知识 、经济知识、语言知识、逻辑知识、心理知识等方面的培训,同时,还应加强对员工职业道德的培训,营造良好的 企业 文化 。

3.结语

应收账款的发生是企业参与市场竞争所不可避免的。企业只有加强对应收账款的科学管理,才能降低企业因赊销而产生的经营风险,使企业获得最大的经济效益。

参考文献:

[1]刁风华.企业应收账款管理问题与对策[J].企业与经济管理,2007,(15):10-21

[2]郭美清.浅析应收帐款的管理[J].中国注册会计师,2008,(55):55-56

《 浅析企业的应收账款管理 》

一、应收账款的概述

应收账款是指企业因销售商品、产品或提供劳务等业务,应向购货单位或接受劳务的单位收取的款项,是企业因未在销售商品、产品或提供劳务时收取现金而形成的债权。

总体而言,导致应收账款产生的原因无非源于以下三方面:一是为了在市场竞争中巩固并扩大市场份额,增强竞争力;二是减少企业库存,降低库存费用和存货管理费用;三是销售和收款的时间差。一般来说,市场竞争导致的赊销是应收账款产生的主要原因,企业应收账款管理的对象也主要是赊销产生的应收账款。

二、企业应收账款管理中存在的问题

随着市场经济的发展,应收账款占企业流动资产的份额越来越重,应收账款作为企业的一项资产,越来越受到企业的重视。

企业应收账款都要经历进入企业、存在于企业当中、退出企业的生命周期,应收账款的管理也是针对其存在的全过程进行的,有关的管理问题也就相应的分为事前、事中、事后管理。据此,一般分为以下三个大方面:

(一)应收账款事前管理存在的问题

(1)未能建立有关往来客户的信用状况和财务状况的动态信息管理系统

对往来客户的信用状况进行调查和科学分析,并建立有效的动态管理系统有利于企业从源头上控制应收账款的质量。但目前很多企业为了占领市场,纷纷忙于如何提高销售,更多的争取客户,而对客户的资信情况、信誉程度和付款能力缺少必要的了解,致使形成的应收账款风险增加。常此以往,大量账款无法收回,呆坏账大量形成,影响了企业的资金周转,规模较小的企业甚至可能面临倒闭的风险。

(2)内部缺少有效的职责分工和牵制制度

企业要实现高效运作,前提之一就要明确内部各部门的职责和权限,做好各部门的配合工作。但大多数企业在这方面的现状却是:部门间缺少沟通,各行其是,内部分工协作不合理,职责不明确,更很少有企业专门设置信用审批部门对赊销进行审核批准,或即使设置了也没能发挥好自己的职能。财务部门与销售部门之间在应收账款管理上的职能“完全独立”,当出现问题后部门间互相推诿责任。

(二)应收账款事中管理存在的问题

(1)对应收账款实时情况缺乏必要的追踪分析

在企业中较为普遍的现象是企业在应收账款产生至收回整个过程中缺乏有效、完善的约束机制,对已经形成的应收账款的成因以及账龄等因素未能进行经常性分析和风险等级调整,自身对应收账款的情况也不是很清楚,从而导致无法及时发现到期及长期拖欠的货款,账龄越来越长,资金流动周转速度降低,影响了企业的进一步发展。

(2)企业没有有效的对账机制来发现已存在的大量呆账、坏账

在销售与收款循环过程中,不可避免的会发生货物与资金流动在时间和空间上的差异以及票据传递和记录发生误差等错误,与客户定期对账能及时明晰交易双方的债权债务及未了事项,将可能发生的错误控制在最小的范围内。然而有的企业怠于对账,有的即使对了账也只是敷衍了事,没有形成合法有效的对账依据,达不到对账的真正目的。

(三)应收账款事后管理存在的问题

(1)企业收账制度不完善,未建立有效的催账体制

很多企业并未事前针对本企业的客户情况制定一套适合本企业的收账政策和程序,收账责任不明确,使得收款与赊销不能很好的衔接。管理应收账款账目的财务人员对应收账款未实施有效监督,应收账款历史记录混乱,没有根据客户欠款情况进行分类建档,账目不清。由于我国企业应收账款的回收基本上是靠企业自身,如果财务部门在货款到期时没有将信息及时反馈给有关部门,则催收工作就不能及时展开,坏账产生的风险就会大大增加。

三、加强企业应收管理的建议

(1)建立客户动态资源管理系统,全面了解客户的主体情况,重点关注本企业的大额往来客户及经常发生业务的客户

首先,企业应广泛收集客户信息。企业一般可以从客户的内外部收集有关的信息:首先,查阅和分析客户历年的财务报表,分析其变动趋势;其次,如果客户有进行过信用评级,企业可以向信用评估机构咨询客户的信用级别;再次,可以利用客户开户银行的证明、银行和其他金融机构已公布的一些企业信用方面的资料、客户的借款还款情况以及客户与其供应商之间的日常结算及时性等信息。接着企业再根据收集到的相关资料评定客户的信用等级,并利用现代信息技术建立优、中、差的赊销客户信用等级管理系统,以后的赊销审批就可以以此为依据。

(2)建立和完善企业应收账款内部控制体系及有关制度。

一是要建立严格的职责分工和严格的赊销审批制度。针对应收账款在内部控制方面存在的问题,企业应建立严格的职责分工制度,促使各部门之间,尤其是财务部门与销售部门之间的相互牵制,保证业务活动能够相互制衡中有效地进行。二是建立专门的信用管理部门,做好赊销审批的正确授权。信用管理部门定期报出客户信用分析 报告 ,并据此提出销售策略和客户欠款警戒线金额,以便及时调整销售方案。在赊销审批方面,企业可以制定销售限额,但对于超过限额以上的业务必须报上级专门的部门审批。三是加强各部门之间的交流与沟通。财务部门通过计算应收账款的账龄及增减变动情况,将得出的有关客户的信息及时反映给销售部门。

(3)应收账款出现诸如逾期或债务人偿债出现困难等异常情况时应及时采取处理措施

企业应确保内部有严格、完善的坏账准备和核销程序。企业在发生坏账时,应及时作出处理,经相关负责人审批后转入坏账损失,不宜任坏账日积月累。同时,当债务人偿债出现困难,企业也可以考虑将应收账款转化为其他资产形式,债务重组、债转股或接受债务人的非现金资产偿债等方式都是可以考虑采取的应收账款转化方向,以尽可能的减少坏账损失。

(4)企业可以利用应收账款融通资金,缓解流动资金压力

对应收账款较多的企业来说,可能会经常发生由于应收账款未到期、而企业又急需流动资金的情况。此时,企业可选的一种主动的做法是积极利用应收账款进行融资,获取所需资金,比较普遍的方法有应收账款贴现、应收账款抵借、应收账款证券化及应收账款出售等。

参考文献:

[1]李粮余.中小企业应收账款管理的探讨[M].现代商业,2009.

[2]金福玲.透析企业应收账款管理[M].辽宁经济,2009.

[3]王宁.浅议企业应收账款管理[M].内蒙古科技与经济,2010.

有关企业应收账款管理研究论文推荐:

1. 有关应收账款管理论文

2. 关于应收账款管理论文

3. 辽宁省上市公司应收账款的特点分析论文

4. 浅论南晶公司应收账款的管理论文

5. 浅论江门远鸿公司应收账款的管理论文

6. 浅谈应收账款风险的成因及其控制论文

7. 快递企业应收账款管理之思考论文

[ 1 ] 崔玉敏. 小公司病. 黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2002. 01;[ 2 ] 刘志远. 候青川. 财务管理. 中国经济出版社, 2000. 01;[ 3 ] 袁建国. 财务管理. 东北财经大学出版社, 2001. 07;[ 4 ] 李海波. 财务管理. 高等教育出版社, 2000. 08;[ 5 ] 梁继先. 中小企业如何加强财务管理[ J ]濮阳职业技术学院报, 2005, ( 03);[ 6 ] 李冬梅. 中小财务管理存在的问题及对策[ J ]河北职业技术学院报, 2005, ( 04);[ 7 ] 张树森. 浅谈我国中小企业财务管理存在的问题于对策[ J ]山西青年管理干部学院报, 2008, ( 01);[ 8 ] 何学红. 中小企业财务管理的问题及对策[ J ]中国西部科技,2008, ( 10);[ 9 ] 王沛宁. 中小企业财务管理的问题及对策[ J ]甘肃亚盛集团,2008, ( 03);[ 10 ] 曹伟. 我国利润分配会计的几个问题研究[ J ]中国人民大学商学院, 2004, ( 02)

应收账款的管理论文参考文献

[1] 徐云红.《强化应收账款管理降低财务风险》2011年04期[2] 潘爱香.《财务报表分析》. 2011年9月.[3] 王仲兵.《会计制度设计》. 2011年5月.[4] 罗勇.《企业内部控制规范解读及案例精析析》.「J」2010年6月.[5] 范锋春.《企业会计工作中应收账款的内部管理》.2010年12月.[6] 陈颖.强化应收账款的日常管理[R].内江科技.2009年02期.

5、 王铁龙.建立企业内控制度,加强应收账款风险管理.财会研究,20096、 林钧跃.企业赊销与信用管理.中国经济出版社,20097、 陶志勇.企业应收账款管理初探.财会研究,20098、 刘铂.浅谈应收账款的管理措施.会计师,20099、 刘慧立 浅谈应收帐款的管理 [期刊论文] -中国科技财富2010(14)10、 徐云红《强化应收账款管理降低财务风险》刊名:财经界(学术版), 2011年第04期

应收账款拖欠已是目前很多企业被拖垮的重要原因之一。因此,对应收账款风险应严加管理。 一、应收账款风险产生的原因 1、企业缺乏竞争意识。在现代社会激烈的竞争机制下,企业为了扩大市场占有率,不但要在成本、价格上下功夫,而且必须大量地运用商业信用促销。但是,某些企业的风险防范意识不强,为了扩销,在事先未对付款人资信情况作深入调查的情况下,盲目地采用赊销策略去争夺市场只重视账面的高利润,忽视了大量被客户拖欠占用的流动资金能否及时收回的问题。 2、企业内部控制不严。在某些实行职工工资总额与经济效益挂钩的企业中,销售人员为了个人利益,只关心销售任务的完成,采取赊销、回扣等手段强销商品,使应收账款大幅度上升,而对这部分应收账款,企业未要求相关部门和经销人员全权负责追款,导致应收账款大量沉积下来,给企业经营背上了沉重的包袱。 3、企业应收账款管理失当。企业信用政策制订不合理,日常控制不规范,追讨欠款工作不得力等因素都有可能导致自身蒙受风险和损失。 二、强化应收账款风险管理的措施 (一)制订合理的信用政策 所谓信用政策,是指企业对应收账款管理所采取的原则性规定,包括信用标准、信用条件和信用额度三方面。 1、确定正确的信用标准。信用标准是企业决定授予客户信用所要求的最低标准,也是企业对于可接受风险提供的一个基本判别标准。信用标准较严,可使企业遭受坏账损失的可能减小,但会不利于扩大销售。反之,如果信用标准较宽,虽然有利于刺激销售增长,但有可能使坏账损失增加,得不偿失。可见,信用标准合理与否,对企业的收益与风险有很大影响。企业确定信用标准时,一般采用比较分析法,分别计算不同信用标准下的销售利润、机会成本、管理成本及坏账成本,以利润最大或信用成本最低作为中选标准。 2、采用正确的信用条件。信用条件是指导企业赊销商品时给予客户延期付款的若干条件,主要包括信用期限和现金折扣等。信用期限是企业为客户规定的最长付款期限。适当地延长信用期限可以扩大销售量,但信用期限过长也会造成应收账款占用的机会成本增加,同时加大坏账损失的风险。为了促使客户早日付款,企业在规定信用期限的同时,往往附有现金折扣条件,即客户如能在规定的折扣期限内付款,则能享受相应的折扣优惠。但提供折扣应以取得的收益大于现金折扣的成本为标准。 3、建立恰当的信用额度。信用额度是企业根据客户的偿付能力给予客户的最大赊销限额,但它实际上也是企业愿意对某一客户承担的最大风险额,确定恰当的信用额度能有效地防止由于过度赊销超过客户的实际支付能力而使企业蒙受损失。在市场情况及客户信用情况变化的情况下,企业应对其进行必要调整使其始终保持在自身所能承受的风险范围之内。 (二)加强内部控制 1、认真作好赊销对象的资信调查。企业应广泛收集有关客户信用状况的资料,并据此采用定性分析及定时分析的方法评估客户的信用品质。客户资料可通过直接查阅客户财务报表或通过银行提供的客户信用资料取得,也可通过与该客户的其他往来单位交换有关信用资料取得。在实际中,通常采用“5C”评估法、信用评估法等方法对已获资料进行分析,取得分析结果后应注意或减少与信用差的客户发生赊账行为并对往来多、金额大或风险大的客户加强监督。

应收账款管理相关论文参考文献

一、应收账款管理的相关研究二、信用风险测定的相关研究总 结[正文]前 言国内关于应收账款管理理论的研究不多,主要是在财务管理类书籍中,但作为一项专业研究并不多见。我们现在对应收账款管理的研究一般都是借鉴西方对应收账款管理研究的已有成果,结合具体的业务实际,形成了符合中国国情企业的应收账款管理特色。我国理论界与企业界对应收账款问题的研究介入的较晚,尤其计划经济时期,因为企业是公有制,无须研究企业信用问题,导致当时企业间三角债负担沉重。改革开放后,随着经济体制的改变,人们的观念也发生了深刻的变化。对应收账款管理的研究因市场的需要而逐渐多了起来,但我国学术界和实际工作部门对应收账款管理的研究和探讨都基本不涉及对信用风险的评级和防范问题。研究的应收账款的管理,是从企业应收账款管理存在的问题入手,分析企业自身存在的不足,结合企业自身经济实力、财务状况、财务人员水平、培训机制、财务规章、企业执行力强弱,以及客户财务实力、资信情况,来确定信用期限、信用额度、收款的风险、坏财损失等。最后找出解决办法,逐步完善公司应收账款管理制度。一、应收账款管理的相关研究国内外对应收账款管理方面的研究主要有三大方面:一是应收账款的分析,二是应收账款中不良资产的预测,三是应收账款价值的评定。 (1)应收账款分析[参考文献][1] 荆新、王化成.财务管理学,中国人民大学出版社,2002年6月第三版 [2] 注协考试委员会.财务成本管理,经济科学出版社,2007年4月版 [3] 汪晓莹.DLY公司应收账款管理系统研究.东北大学硕士学位论文,2005 [4] 袁园.关于企业应收账款管理问题的探讨,企业经济,2004年第 4期 [5] 孙铮.全泽,应收账款管理及其信息披露,上海会计,2003,4 [6] Robert Cole. Lon Mahler. Consumer and Business Credit Management. IrwinMcGraw-Hill companies, 1998 [7] Michael Dennis. Credit and Collection Handbook. Prentice Hall. 1999 ...[ 相关资料搜索 ]

应收账款拖欠已是目前很多企业被拖垮的重要原因之一。因此,对应收账款风险应严加管理。 一、应收账款风险产生的原因 1、企业缺乏竞争意识。在现代社会激烈的竞争机制下,企业为了扩大市场占有率,不但要在成本、价格上下功夫,而且必须大量地运用商业信用促销。但是,某些企业的风险防范意识不强,为了扩销,在事先未对付款人资信情况作深入调查的情况下,盲目地采用赊销策略去争夺市场只重视账面的高利润,忽视了大量被客户拖欠占用的流动资金能否及时收回的问题。 2、企业内部控制不严。在某些实行职工工资总额与经济效益挂钩的企业中,销售人员为了个人利益,只关心销售任务的完成,采取赊销、回扣等手段强销商品,使应收账款大幅度上升,而对这部分应收账款,企业未要求相关部门和经销人员全权负责追款,导致应收账款大量沉积下来,给企业经营背上了沉重的包袱。 3、企业应收账款管理失当。企业信用政策制订不合理,日常控制不规范,追讨欠款工作不得力等因素都有可能导致自身蒙受风险和损失。 二、强化应收账款风险管理的措施 (一)制订合理的信用政策 所谓信用政策,是指企业对应收账款管理所采取的原则性规定,包括信用标准、信用条件和信用额度三方面。 1、确定正确的信用标准。信用标准是企业决定授予客户信用所要求的最低标准,也是企业对于可接受风险提供的一个基本判别标准。信用标准较严,可使企业遭受坏账损失的可能减小,但会不利于扩大销售。反之,如果信用标准较宽,虽然有利于刺激销售增长,但有可能使坏账损失增加,得不偿失。可见,信用标准合理与否,对企业的收益与风险有很大影响。企业确定信用标准时,一般采用比较分析法,分别计算不同信用标准下的销售利润、机会成本、管理成本及坏账成本,以利润最大或信用成本最低作为中选标准。 2、采用正确的信用条件。信用条件是指导企业赊销商品时给予客户延期付款的若干条件,主要包括信用期限和现金折扣等。信用期限是企业为客户规定的最长付款期限。适当地延长信用期限可以扩大销售量,但信用期限过长也会造成应收账款占用的机会成本增加,同时加大坏账损失的风险。为了促使客户早日付款,企业在规定信用期限的同时,往往附有现金折扣条件,即客户如能在规定的折扣期限内付款,则能享受相应的折扣优惠。但提供折扣应以取得的收益大于现金折扣的成本为标准。 3、建立恰当的信用额度。信用额度是企业根据客户的偿付能力给予客户的最大赊销限额,但它实际上也是企业愿意对某一客户承担的最大风险额,确定恰当的信用额度能有效地防止由于过度赊销超过客户的实际支付能力而使企业蒙受损失。在市场情况及客户信用情况变化的情况下,企业应对其进行必要调整使其始终保持在自身所能承受的风险范围之内。 (二)加强内部控制 1、认真作好赊销对象的资信调查。企业应广泛收集有关客户信用状况的资料,并据此采用定性分析及定时分析的方法评估客户的信用品质。客户资料可通过直接查阅客户财务报表或通过银行提供的客户信用资料取得,也可通过与该客户的其他往来单位交换有关信用资料取得。在实际中,通常采用“5C”评估法、信用评估法等方法对已获资料进行分析,取得分析结果后应注意或减少与信用差的客户发生赊账行为并对往来多、金额大或风险大的客户加强监督。

5、 王铁龙.建立企业内控制度,加强应收账款风险管理.财会研究,20096、 林钧跃.企业赊销与信用管理.中国经济出版社,20097、 陶志勇.企业应收账款管理初探.财会研究,20098、 刘铂.浅谈应收账款的管理措施.会计师,20099、 刘慧立 浅谈应收帐款的管理 [期刊论文] -中国科技财富2010(14)10、 徐云红《强化应收账款管理降低财务风险》刊名:财经界(学术版), 2011年第04期

论企业应收账款管理论文参考文献

5、 王铁龙.建立企业内控制度,加强应收账款风险管理.财会研究,20096、 林钧跃.企业赊销与信用管理.中国经济出版社,20097、 陶志勇.企业应收账款管理初探.财会研究,20098、 刘铂.浅谈应收账款的管理措施.会计师,20099、 刘慧立 浅谈应收帐款的管理 [期刊论文] -中国科技财富2010(14)10、 徐云红《强化应收账款管理降低财务风险》刊名:财经界(学术版), 2011年第04期

2、制订合理的赊销方针。企业可借鉴西方对商业信用的理解,制订适合自己的可防范风险的赊销方针。如:(1)有担保的赊销。企业可在合同中规定,客户要在赊欠期中提供担保,如果赊欠过期则承担相应的法律责任。(2)条件销售。赊欠期较长的应收账款发生坏账的风险一般比赊欠期较短的坏账风险要大,因此企业可与客户签定附带条件的销售合同,在赊欠期间货物所有权仍属销售方所有,客户只有在货款全部结清后才能取得所有权。若不能偿还欠款,企业则有权收回商品,弥补部分损失。 3、建立赊销审批制度。在企业内部应分别规定业务部、业务科长等各级人员可批准的赊销限额,限额以上须报经上级或经理审批。这种分级管理制度使赊销业务必须经过相关人员的授权批准,有利于将其控制在合理的限度内。 4、强化应收账款的单个客户管理和总额管理。企业对与自己有经常性业务往来的客户应进行单独管理,通过付款记录、账龄分析表及平均收款期判断个别账户是否存在账款拖欠问题。如果赊销业务繁忙,不可能对所有客户都单独管理,则可侧重于总额控制。信用管理人员应定期计算应收账款周转率、平均收款期、收款占销售额的比例以及坏账损失率,编制账龄分析表,按账龄分类估计潜在的风险损失,以便正确估量应收账款价值,并相应地调整信用政策。 5、建立销售回款一条龙责任制。为防止销售人员为了片面追求完成销售任务而强销盲销,企业应在内部明确追讨应收账款不是财务人员而是销售人员的责任。同时,制订严格的资金回款考核制度,以实际收到货款数作为销售部门的考核指标,每个销售人员必须对每一项销售业务从签订合同到回收资金铨过程负责。这样就可使销售人员明确风险意识,加强货款的回收。 三、应收账款风险的防范 企业为防范债务人无限期地拖欠货款,可采用以下措施: 1、将应收账款改为应收票据。由于应收票据具有更强的追索权,且到期前可以背书转让或贴现,在一定程度上能够降低坏账损失的风险,所以当客户到期不能偿还货款时企业可要求客户开出承兑汇票以抵销应收账款。 2、应收账款抵押与让售。企业可通过抵押或让售业务将应收账款变现。应收账款抵押是企业以应收账款为担保品,众金融机构预先取得货款,收到客户支付欠款时再如数转交给金融机构作为部分借款的归还。但一旦客户拒绝付款,金融机构有权向企业追索,企业必须清偿全部借款。应收账款让售是企业将应收账款出售给从事此项业务的代理机构以取得资金,售出的应收账款无追索权。客户还款时直接支付给代理机构,一旦发生坏账企业不须承担任何责任。这项业务可以使企业将全部风险转移。这在西方比较盛行。我国某些金融机构可以对资信好的企业逐步建立这样的金融业务,有利市场分工和健康发展。 3、进行信用保险。虽然信用保险仅限于非正常损失,保险公司通常把保险金融限制在一定的范围内,要求被保企业承担一部分坏账损失,但是这种方式仍然可以把企业所不能预料的重大损失的风险转移给保险公司,使应收账款的损失率降至最低。 四、加强收账管理与提高我国市场的信用机制 企业向逾期尚未付款的顾客应采用适当的收款政策收取应收账款。若收款政策较严,虽然可以减少坏账损失及应收账款拖欠资金被占用的机会成本,但同时也会增加收账费用;反之,可发生较少的收账费用,但却又会增加应收账款的机会成本及坏账损失。因此,企业应制订最佳的收款政策,在增加收账费用与减少坏账损失及机会成本之间权衡,使收账成本最低,企业效益最大。同时,要注意讲究收账技巧,对于无力偿付与故意拖欠,以及欠款期不同的企业要采取不同的收账策略进行收账,如:寄函,打电话,派人催收,双方协商解决,借助于有权威的第三者调解,由仲裁机关仲裁解决,上诉司法机关,加强司法机关执行的力度等。总之,应逐步建立和提高我国市场的信用机制。

1/100企业应收账款管理存在的问题及财务风险控制对策李春涛 金汐商业经济(哈尔滨).2007(8): 35-362/100强化应收账款管理 提高企业经济效益魏斌集团经济研究.2007(08S): 395-3953/100应收账款的管理与筹划魏冕中州煤炭.2007(4): 107-1084/100试论应收账款的管理俞雪松企业技术开发.2007,26(8): 61-635/100应收账款管理中的问题及全程管理对策文慧娟时代经贸:下旬.2007,5(09Z): 168-1696/100浅谈应收账款的管理章婵君现代商业.2007(06Z): 94-957/100加强企业应收账款管理之我见何兵现代商业.2007(20): 49-508/100浅谈我国企业应收账款管理的问题和对策崔革现代商业.2007(20): 112-1139/100关于加强应收账款管理的思考许云全河北企业.2007(8): 21-2110/100加强应收账款管理之我见于霞[1] 李晓红[2]今日科苑.2007(16): 56-5611/100浅谈市场经济条件下的应收账款内部管理于凤枝今日科苑.2007(16): 62-6212/100应收账款形成与管理中应注意的法律问题乔冰冶金财会.2007(7): 26-2713/100加强应收账款的管理工作是邮政企业当务之急戴玉梅经济师.2007(6): 151-15114/100降低企业应收账款管理风险的途径乔秀霞经济师.2007(6): 174-17515/100浅谈施工企业应收账款的管理尹英经济师.2007(5): 163-16316/100浅论企业应收账款的管理孙一兵经济师.2007(5): 169-16917/100浅谈企业应收账款风险管理系统的建立刘诗明金融与经济.2007(7): 85-8618/100企业应收账款管理中存在的问题与会计对策谢登禹现代商贸工业.2007,19(5): 126-12719/100浅谈地勘单位应收账款的管理张庆红[1] 张海凤[2]中国国土资源经济.2007,20(6): 44-4520/100浅析企业应收账款的管理受志刚科学之友.2007(08B): 97-9821/100加强应收账款管理杨颖[1] 江尔志[2] 王占军[3]辽宁经济.2007(7): 73-7322/100应收账款的动态管理——浙江省出版印刷物资集团应收账款管理王美景时代经贸:下旬.2007,5(09X): 205-205,20723/100应收账款的管理问题和对策研究——以沈阳ASEA电气制造有限公司为例全萍美中经济评论.2007,7(2): 62-65,4824/100加强应收账款管理规避医院财务风险伍叶青现代商业.2007(17): 61-6125/100浅谈企业应收账款的科学管理何文杰商业经济(哈尔滨).2007(7): 47-4826/100浅议应收账款风险管理贾雁贞天津经济.2007(7): 74-7627/100企业应收账款信用管理研究陈永波科技咨询导报.2007(21): 92-9228/100马尔可夫分析法在企业应收账款管理中的应用蔡学雷[1] 李新蕾[2]财会月刊:理论版.2007(1): 45-4629/100谈谈企业应收账款的风险管理严荣芳江苏商业会计.2007(4): 15-1730/100企业应收账款的管理周茵当代经济.2007(07S): 98-9831/100应收账款风险管理杜典初[1] 王梅[2]当代经济.2007(03X): 44-4432/100谈应收账款的管理冯云林山西财税.2007(4): 32-3333/100如何加强应收账款管理姜东华科技信息:学术版.2007(21): 277-27734/100加强应收账款管理,提高企业竞争力杨依华 杨爱君科技信息:学术版.2007(19): 124-124,14335/100应收账款难题凸显报业经营管理盲点骆鹏飞中国报业.2007(7): 71-7236/100我国机械企业应收账款管理存在的问题及其治理策略谢获宝 杨明泽 黄娟今日工程机械.2007(7): 74-7737/100对企业应收账款管理的相关思考刘红颖[1] 胡艳玲[2]活力.2007(6): 36-3638/100中小企业应收账款管理孙江南河南商业高等专科学校学报.2007,20(4): 57-5839/100我国企业应收账款管理研究李新梅集团经济研究.2007(06X): 299-30040/100浅谈企业应收账款的成因及管理黄明川[1] 刘红彬[2]商业会计:上半月.2007(7): 51-5241/100对加强应收账款管理的再思考贺凤霞河北能源职业技术学院学报.2007,7(2): 38-40,4342/100浅析企业应收账款的管理对策盘玲敏湖南工业职业技术学院学报.2007,7(2): 60-6143/100对应收账款管理过程中几个问题的探讨乔冰[1] 何海红[2]中国总会计师.2007(6): 53-5444/100一个典型应收账款管理失败的案例粟淼财会学习.2007(7): 54-5745/100企业应收账款管理问题与对策刁凤华科技信息:学术版.2007(15): 81-8146/100对加强企业应收账款管理的探析刘桂华[1] 徐婉茗[2]经济技术协作信息.2007(18): 62-6247/100浅谈施工企业应收账款的管理张丽坤 姜洋经济技术协作信息.2007(16): 35-3548/100加强应收账款管理 减少企业资金风险李兰秀青海经济研究.2007(3): 84-8549/100浅谈企业应收账款的管理鲁天婵[1] 孟毅[2]商场现代化.2007(06Z): 53-5350/100关于企业应收账款的管理对策谭利云商场现代化.2007(06Z): 92-9351/100浅谈应收账款的管理陈文俊山西经济管理干部学院学报.2007,15(2): 52-5452/100企业应收账款事前管理的思考孔艳红[1] 郭妹慧[2]理论观察.2007(3): 199-20053/100浅析企业应收账款的内部管理控制顾虹活力.2007(5): 45-45,4754/100应收账款管理中存在的问题及对策崔洁市场论坛.2007(5): 65-6655/100加强应收账款管理之我见徐红涛山西政报.2007(12): 38-3856/100略论高星级酒店应收账款管理屠红卫商场现代化.2007(06S): 369-37057/100浅谈应收账款的管理徐红涛科学之友.2007(06B): 80-8158/100浅谈如何加强应收账款的管理杨梓松时代经贸:下旬.2007(07Z): 142-14359/100加强应收账款管理 提高资金使用效率高晓红科技咨询导报.2007(16): 97-9760/100论如何加强公路工程应收账款的管理与控制肖宁科技咨询导报.2007(16): 182-18261/100企业应收账款风险防范及管理王昕[1] 魏宇薇[2]大连民族学院学报.2007,9(2): 33-3562/100企业应收账款管理存在的问题及对策梁小红湘潭师范学院学报:社会科学版.2007,29(4): 63-6463/100谈水泥企业赊销与应收账款管理刘慧颖新疆审计.2007(2): 51-5364/100企业应收账款管理中存在的问题及对策刘志强[1] 王力[2] 江艳楠[3]辽宁工程技术大学学报:社会科学版.2007,9(4): 400-40165/100辽宁国有企业应收账款管理情况调查分析任海芝技术经济.2007,26(6): 127-12866/100加强施工企业应收账款的管理许崇虎煤矿现代化.2007(2): 89-89,9167/100浅谈施工企业应收账款管理丛志勇时代经贸:下旬.2007(06Z): 163-16368/100如何加强应收账款的管理提高企业竞争力赵志军科技咨询导报.2007(12): 90-9169/100浅谈应收账款的管理张春荣科技咨询导报.2007(10): 120-12070/100谈公路物资供应企业应收账款的管理吴德庆交通财会.2007(5): 36-3971/100加强应收账款管理 提高经济运行质量王生根中国科技信息.2007(11): 155-15672/100试论企业加强应收账款管理的相关问题王力军太原科技.2007(5): 11-1273/100浅议应收账款管理中存在的问题杨公文北方经贸.2007(5): 58-5974/100浅谈应收账款的管理杨忠芝商场现代化.2007(05X): 364-36475/100浅谈应收账款对企业的影响和管理刘春丽黑龙江科技信息.2007(06S): 68-6876/100企业应收账款管理探析陆智浩科技信息:学术版.2007(11): 123-12377/100应收账款的成本分析和风险管理问题费明龙时代经贸:下旬.2007(02Z): 102-10378/100企业应收账款管理之我见王治国沿海企业与科技.2007(4): 149-15079/100浅论企业应收账款的管理韩清艳中国管理信息化.2007,10(5): 67-6880/100浅谈企业应收账款管理机制许秀梅 陈秀芝经济研究导刊.2007(4): 91-9281/100企业应收账款管理几个问题的探讨徐建红湖北大学成人教育学院学报.2007,25(2): 47-4982/100集装箱运输企业应收账款的管理梁丽珠现代商业:理论研究.2007(5): 64-6583/100如何加强应收账款的管理薛继艳[1] 王雪辉[2]经济技术协作信息.2007(8): 15-1584/100新经济下企业应收账款管理对策孟秀萍经济技术协作信息.2007(7): 10-1085/100应收账款的管理徐丽坤[1] 梁雁[2]经济技术协作信息.2007(7): 26-2686/100应收账款管理中的问题及对策黄艳华中国乡镇企业会计.2007(5): 30-3187/100企业应收账款管理与信用风险控制曾艳丽中国乡镇企业会计.2007(5): 69-7088/100建筑施工企业应收账款的回收与管理孙春玉商业会计:下半月.2007(4): 64-6489/100施工企业应收账款管理之我见张莉机械管理开发.2007(2): 117-118,12090/100浅议如何管理企业的应收账款钱萍经济技术协作信息.2007(13): 15-1591/100加强企业应收账款管理的措施与方法武玉欣经济技术协作信息.2007(13): 20-2092/100谈如何加强企业应收账款的管理杨英莉经济技术协作信息.2007(13): 26-2693/100浅议实际工作中应收账款的管理夏彬经济技术协作信息.2007(13): 54-5494/100浅谈对应收账款的检查及管理王雪飞经济技术协作信息.2007(13): 57-5795/100应收账款管理中存在的问题及对策王本海[1] 李红[2] 王贵军[1]经济技术协作信息.2007(12): 35-3596/100浅析企业应收账款管理中的风险及对策王军[1] 沈平[2]经济技术协作信息.2007(12): 71-7197/100应收账款的日常管理尤玉静中国乡镇企业会计.2007(4): 83-8398/100加强应收账款管理 提升企业融资力杨黎明财会研究(甘肃).2007(4): 64-65,7399/100论当代企业应收账款的管理曾明艳衡阳师范学院学报.2007,28(2): 60-63100/100谈当前应收账款管理中存在的问题和对策马程琳特区经济.2007(3): 80-82

应收账款管理论文英文文献

AppendixESTABLISH CREDIT SYSTEM INENTERPRISES TO STRENGTHEN THEMANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE1Hong MeiAbstract: The main point about account receivable management is enterprises is that makes a reasonable credit policy is a enterprise according to real running state of the enterprise and reputation state of a customer。It is an important component as well as guiding principle and policy which should be made reasonably in the enterprise to achieve the goal about management of accounts receivable. At present, an overall amount of accounts receivable increased progressively each year and never cut down on overdue accounts in our country. This has become one of chronic and stubborn problems in business activities ,In the paper. Problems and causes about accounts receivable in a enterprise is analyzed in our country .suggest that the firm want to change this kind of current state, it may start with the two aspects from establishment of accounts receivable ,mechanism on guard and handle of overdue accounts. As fallowing of exact measures: Establish a perfect credit management system, Enhance internal monitor and control against accounts receivable, Strengthen daily management on accounts receivable and integrate accounts words: account receivable, credit policy, debt reorganization, internal controlTARGET FOR ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENTThe target is that a firm should make a sensible and scientific credit policy about accounts receivable and weigh marketing gains and due costs from the credit policy, The firm can not put into effect and pursue this kind of credit policy until the marketing .earnings go beyond the costs added ,meanwhile the management has included the prediction and judgment on market and investigation on security of accounts receivable, If it seems that the market promises better ,higher security of accounts receivable, the firm can introduce more flexible collection policies and expand the credit business to make more profits. Conversely ,the firm should adopt strict policies or adjust the credit line to different customers so as to achieve better economic results2. ANALYSIS ON THE STATUS QUO AND CAUSE OF ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE IN OUR The status quo of accounts receivable in our countryAt present, many products are the buyers market. Supply exceed demand has already become the normality in all trades and professions Many firms introduce the way of credit business to develop markets and create more favorable competition environment. The current survey showed that about 80% firms have used the method of credit business in our country, the figure is about the same as developed countries, but results are widely divergent .The section concerned survey should that accounts receivable constitute over 50 per cent of flow cashes in our country’s firms, the proportion is higher above 20 percent than the developed especially, the state-owned firms, have fallen into arrears with their payment for goods mutually .This is a very very serious problem. According to analysis of a professional institute statistics, in general ,overdue accounts in a firm should be cower 10 percent of told accounts receivable in developed market economy, but the proportion has been higher up to over to success of recovery will be affected directly with aging of accounts receivable and the amount of the overdue days be good credit receivable cannot be controlled effectively, bad market environment and customers credit seem on the surface to lead the current state .Therefore ,it is the direct and foundational reason that an internal management has the greatest flaw ,the credit problems are very real problems having solved and prominent contradiction in the economic life so ,the firms development has been limited seriously with lack of credit management, we must strengthen credit management to face the challenges and opportunities after entrance of The cause of accounts receivable in our countryThe market economy necessarily produce accounts receivable ,this is normal phenomenon, its nature is credit economy. The way and relationship of credit is principal form in social economic life. It is difficult to recover accounts receivable, why? here is how:1st. Lack of risk consciousness. In cut-throat competition, at the beginning of entry market ,sone firms want to get into the market, under the circumstances (without a thoroughgoing investigation of a payers credit, without right evaluation risk of accounts receivable),they conclude a short-term ,given credit-sale line contract (or agreement)with customers to attract more customers and expand their market that, the firm have to pay such enormous amounts of VAT(because the credit receipt is business receipt)that there is danger of exhausted . Without vigorous internal control. A majority of firms put to use the link total payroll with economic performance in order to bring into play the initiation of the staff at present ,yet have ignored the probability of the bad debts .Since accounts receivable have not been thought into the check system .a business department just pays attention to business task ,but does not mind recovering on accounts receivable, results in accounts eceivable increasing constantly, Some of the firms have not asked for the department concerned and the staff to press for payment of accounts receivable vigorously with effective countermeasures, caused the shortage of the flow cash ,in fact, there is the phenomenon of ‘false surplus and real loss’. Sedimentation of enormous amounts of accounts receivable make the firm bear serious financial . Weak of law awareness. As we know, at present default costs are relative lower .Many of the firms have this kind of mental attitude you owed mine, I owed his. Few people couldn’t safeguard their own lawful rights and interests with law, and then vicious circle .3. COUNTERMEASURES ON MANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE IN OUR Establish a perfect system of credit managementCredit policy is a vital component of credit management system, in duding credit standards, credit conditions, collection standard refers to when a firm agrees to credit-granting for customers, customers must have the lowest ability to pay, in general, it expresses with anticipatory percentage of damage on bad debts, when a firm will decide on credit standards, you have to consider mainly three factors a ,to realize your customers, knowing that your opponent and yourself ,The firm can introduce generous or strict credit standards according to different situation so as so take advantage, b, to consider the firm’s ability to bear default risk, c, to know about the customer’s credit status, on the basis of this to give him credit preference or condition is an exact condition that a firm asks for a customer’s payment, mainly including credit period, discount period and cash policy refers to a firm adopt the collection tactics when the credit condition was run counter to .If the firm adopted positive collection policy, you might reduce the cost of accounts recitative and the damage of bad debts ,that add to the collection costs ,sensible credit policy is decided ,the firm must consider credit standard, credit condition and collection policy to improve percentage of accounts Establishment of guarding system of accounts receivableIt is necessary to establish guarding system ,in the purpose of providing against possible trouble. ①you’d better set up a professional credit management institute to manage credit sale; ②set up a dymatic management system of a customer’s resource; ③set up control system of accounts Integrate accounts receivableIn order to recover overdue accounts effectively ,a firm should adopt sensible and practical measures. ①set up special collecting group; ②regroup the debts; ③creditor’s rights on strengthen everyday management of accounts . strengthen everyday management of accounts receivable①take basic notes well; ②check customer’s credit line; ③realize customers’debts beyond credit period; ④analyse turnover rate of accounts receivable and average collection period; ⑤inspect the status to refuse payment; ⑥make the aging Strengthen post management of accounts receivable.①use sensible collection program; ②make advantage of a reasonable debt-recovery Accounts receivable assessment method and management system①enhance the departments of managing and monitoring; ②improve methods of internal assessment; ③internal audit; ④set up system of internal control . The firm should establish a set of controlling system on accounts receivable.

货到销售存货,并收回现金为止的这段时间,营业周期的长短取决于存货周转天数和应---------------下面是这个论文的英语----Strengthen the management of accounts receivable and enhance the competitiveness of enterprisesAccounts receivable is an enterprise product or service because of credit and the formation of receivables, liquid assets is an important item. With the development of the market economy, the introduction of commercial credit, business accounts receivable increased the general level of accounts receivable management business activities has become an increasingly important , the functions of accounts receivableAccounts receivable function is its operation in the production process. There are some aspects:1, the expansion of sales, an increase of the competitiveness of enterprises. Comparison of intense competition in the market, the credit is to promote the sale of an important way. Business credit is to provide customers with the two transactions: selling products to their customers as well as in a limited period to provide funds to customers. Monetary tightening in the market weakness, lack of funds, the credit has a more visible role in the promotion of sales of new products, develop new markets and more , reduced inventory, reduced inventory risk and management costs. Finished goods inventory held by businesses, to the additional management fees, expenses such as storage and insurance costs; the contrary, holders of accounts receivable business, you do not need the above-mentioned expenses. Therefore, when the finished goods inventory business more generally can be a more favorable credit terms to credit, the inventory into accounts receivable to reduce finished goods inventory, conservation-related , poor management of accounts receivable of the drawbacks of1, reduces the efficiency in the use of corporate funds, so that enterprises declined. Given the logistics and cash flow are inconsistent, the issue of commodities, sales invoices out, money can not sync recovery, while the sales have been set up, this is not paid back the recorded sales is bound to have no cash inflow arising from the sale of the business profit and loss, During the year sales and income taxes paid in advance, in the case of-year sales result in accounts receivable, current assets can be advanced enterprises have an annual dividend to shareholders. Enterprises due to the above benefits arising from the pursuit of the surface of the pad and the advance payment of the tax dividend to shareholders, taking up a lot of liquidity, with the passage of time will affect the capital flow, which led to the actual situation of business was overshadowed by the impact of production plans, sales plans and so on, can not achieve the efficiency , exaggerated the results of business operations. As a result of China's enterprises, the accounting is based on an accrual basis (accrual basis), the occurrence of the current credit all revenue credited to the current period. Therefore, on account of the increase in profits does not mean that the cash inflow will be materialized. Enterprise accounting system in accordance with the percentage of accounts receivable balances to extract the bad preparation, bad debt reserve rate is generally 3% -5% (except for special business). If the actual extraction of the bad debt bad debt a loss of more than prepared to give a great deal of loss of business. Therefore, the existence of a large number of receivables, inflated the book's sales revenue, to some extent exaggerated the results of business operations and increase the risk of the cost of the , accelerated the outflow of corporate cash. Although credit to enable businesses to generate more profits, but has not really enable enterprises to increase the cash inflow, but the enterprise had to use our limited working capital to advance a variety of taxes and costs, to accelerate the company's cash outflow is mainly as follows:(1) business turnover tax expenditure. Bring sales of accounts receivable, not cash is actually received, turnover tax is calculated on the basis of sales, the companies must pay on time and in cash. Turnover tax paid by enterprises such as value-added tax, business tax, consumption tax, resource tax and city taxes will inevitably increase as sales increase.(2) income tax expenses. Accounts receivable arising from the profits, but did not achieve the cash, and pay income tax on time must be paid in cash.(3) the distribution of cash profits, there is also such a problem, In addition, the cost of accounts receivable management, cost recovery, accounts receivable cash outflow will be , an impact on the enterprise business cycle. Business cycle that is made from the sale of inventory to stock, and to recover the cash so far this period, the business cycle, depending on the number of days inventory turnover and receivables turnover days, business cycle and between. This shows that unreasonable existence of accounts receivable to extend the business cycle, affecting the capital cycle, so a lot of liquidity in precipitation in non-production areas, resulting in cash shortages, the impact of payment of wages and raw materials purchase, has seriously affected the normal production and operation , an increase of accounts receivable management process in the error probability of additional losses to the enterprise. The face of complex enterprise accounts receivable, accounting errors difficult to detect, unable to understand the dynamics of receivables and other receivables business details, resulting in responsibility is not clear, the contract accounts receivable, contract, commitment, approval procedures, such as the scattered data, lost business may have occurred in the accounts receivable can not be collected on time and on time to recover, the only part of the total recovery of the recovery, through the legal means to recover, but as a result of incomplete information can not be recovered until to the final form of the loss of enterprise , accounts receivable management objectivesFor an enterprise, the existence of accounts receivable is a continuum of production and marketing enterprises on the one hand, it would help to promote sales, increase sales revenue, and enhance competitiveness, while at the same time wish to avoid accounts receivable the existence of the business cash flow difficulties, drawbacks such as bad debt losses. How to deal with and solve the problem of confrontation and reunification is the management of corporate accounts receivable receivable management objective is to formulate a scientific and rational accounts receivable credit policy and credit policy in such an increase in sales earnings and the use of such a policy is expected to take to make trade-offs between the cost. Only when the increase in sales profit of more than the increase in the use of this policy when the cost to implement and promote the use of this credit policy. At the same time, accounts receivable management companies also include the prospects for future sales and market forecasts and judgments, and accounts receivable security investigation. Good prospects such as business sales, accounts receivable safety can be further relaxation of its receivables credit policy, the expansion of credit volume, to obtain greater profits, on the contrary, should have a strict credit policy, or the creditworthiness of different customers appropriate adjustments to ensure that enterprises get the most income, and so may minimize the receivable management business focus is on the basis of the actual operation of enterprises and customers to develop the credibility of the situation of enterprises reasonable credit policy, which is an important financial management forms an integral part of corporate management to achieve the purpose of accounts receivable must be a reasonable strategy for the development of the , the company accounts receivable solutions to the problemsManagement of accounts receivable to do good, first of all, should be established to improve the accounts receivable management system. Accounts receivable credit management policy is a key component of the system, including credit standards, credit terms and collection of three aspects of policy. Credit standards is agreed to provide commercial credit made by the basic requirements. Usually expected loss rate of bad debts as a criterion. If the business more stringent credit standards, only a very good reputation, a very low rate of bad debt losses of the users to give credit, it will reduce bad debt losses, reduce the opportunity cost of accounts receivable, but this may not be conducive to the expansion of sales, and even is to reduce sales; the contrary, if the payment of credit standards, although it will increase sales, but will be a corresponding increase in bad debt losses and the opportunity cost of accounts receivable. Refers to corporate credit conditions require users to pay for credit is subject to a condition, including the credit period, discount and cash discount period. Credit period is provided for users to pay a maximum time period of the discount provided for the user can enjoy time cash payment discount, cash discount is a solid advance in the user shall be given preferential treatment. More favorable credit terms to increase sales, but it can also bring the opportunity cost of accounts receivable, bad debt costs, cash discounts and other cost an additional burden. Collection policy is to refer to when credit terms have been violated, business strategy to take the accounts receivable. Enterprises in a more positive if the billing policy may reduce the cost of accounts receivable and reduce bad debt losses, but to increase collection costs. If more negative accounts receivable policies, accounts receivable may increase costs and increase bad debt losses, collection costs will be reduced. Accounts receivable in the formulation of policy, should be weighed against the increase in collection costs and reduce the opportunity cost of accounts receivable and bad debt losses between losses. The credit policy should be reasonable to credit standards, credit terms, collection policies, to consider comprehensive changes in the three sales, the opportunity cost of accounts receivable, bad debt costs and costs of to accounts receivable management system, for analysis of accounts receivable in the enterprise of the issues found in the corresponding solutions to the recovery of accounts receivable in the problems the company's funds to speed up the cycle, to improve the efficiency of the use of funds to achieve enterprises are to be , to enhance day-to-day accounts receivable managementIn day-to-day management of accounts receivable work, not enough has been done in some detail, for example, the user of the credit analysis, aging analysis, such as table. Specifically, can do a good job in the following aspects of day-to-day management of accounts receivable of work: (1) a good foundation for basic records, understand the user (including subsidiaries) of the timeliness of payments, based on work records, including business-to-users credit conditions, the date of the establishment of credit relationships, the user of the time of payment, the amount currently in arrears, as well as changes in credit ratings, such as users, companies only have this information in order to take appropriate and timely response. (2) to check whether the user credit limit exceeded. Enterprises to provide users with a credit for each business, we must check whether there are more than the record of the credit period, and pay attention to test whether the total debt owed by the user breaking the credit limit. (3) keep track of the debt over the credit period, the user is due to closely monitor the increase or decrease debt dynamics, in order to take timely measures associated with the users to remind them of their payment as soon as possible. (4) analysis of accounts receivable turnover and average collection period, to see whether the normal level of liquidity, businesses can, through the indicators, with the previous practice, is now planning and compared to the same industry in order to evaluate the management of accounts receivable achievements and shortcomings of, and amendments to the credit conditions. (5) study the situation of non-payment, inspection of accounts receivable by the percentage of non-payment, that is, the rate of bad debt losses to determine whether the enterprise's credit policies should be changed, such as the actual bad debt loss rate is greater than or less than the expected loss rate of bad debts, enterprises must look at whether credit standards are too strict or too lax credit standards in order to amend. (6) is an aged analysis of the preparation table to check the actual occupation of accounts receivable days, to recover its supervision of enterprises through the preparation of aging analysis table, which is understood that the number of credit during the period are still in arrears, should be timely monitoring, the number of arrears for more than a credit period, the length of time to calculate what percentage of each of the funds, it is estimated that the number of bad debts would cause, if the majority of extended enterprise should check their credit , to strengthen the management of accounts receivable afterAccounts receivable management, including the work of the following two parts: (1) determine the reasonable collection procedures, accounts receivable collection procedures in general as: letter to inform, Telegraph and Telephone Fax collection, sent to interview, resort to the law, in taking legal action should be considered before the principle of cost-effectiveness, the following situations when you do not need to prosecute: the cost of litigation over the amount of the debt claim; customers can write-off of debt discount collateral; customers the amount of debt not to prosecute the enterprise may be run by the damage; the prosecution withdrew the accounts limited possibility. (2) determine the reasonable collection methods. If customers do encounter temporary difficulties and to make a comeback through the efforts of enterprises to help them ride out the storm in order to recover the receivable, the general practice of accounts receivable for claims re: farmers to accept the market price of arrears below the amount of debt non-monetary assets to cover; change in the form of debt for the "long-term receivables" to determine a reasonable rate, agreed to debt service users to develop a phased plan; modify debt terms, to extend the payment period, and even reduce the principal amount, repayment incentives ; in the common economic interests, driven by the claims into the user's "long-term investment" to help start the loss-making enterprises to achieve the purpose of recovery. If the customer has reached the limits of bankruptcy, it should be a timely manner to the court, with a view to be part of bankruptcy settlement. Deliberately default on the payment for the collection, the options are: reasonable method; compassion operation method; fatigue tactics; blindingly; hardware and software operation , accounts receivable accounting methods and management systemAccounts receivable subsidiary accounts in arrears accounted for of the total, to strengthen internal financial management and monitoring, improve accounting approaches and accounts receivable management system, to resolve inter-company accounts with a subsidiary of recovery, the following several aspects from a number of recommendations are given: (1) strengthen the management and monitoring functions, in accordance with the principles of financial management of the internal check. The company set up under the Ministry of Finance in the financial monitoring group led by the Finance Director to configure full-time accounting staff, responsible for marketing and monitoring of accounting transactions for all accounts receivable for each analysis and accounting, to ensure that accounts receivable in line with norms of the operators at the same time part of the requirements and procedures so that systematic standardization of business activities. (2) improve internal accounting methods. Sales, respectively, for different services, such as purchases of the distributors with direct sales operations, sales offices and sales outlets, the company supply and trading company with the money owed to the company which occurred between the units against the sales business, product returns, etc. , respectively, using different accounting methods and procedures to show the difference and take the appropriate management. (3) accounts receivable and is responsible for the implementation of life-long responsibility of the person first. Who handles the occurrence of bad business, regardless of whether the transfer of responsibility for the company, have against the parties responsible. At the same time, the responsibility of staff to carry out a clearly defined, and as a basis for performance evaluation summary. (4) regular or ad hoc basis to conduct an inspection of the marketing network for monitoring and internal audit. Due to poor management to prevent the emergence of embezzlement, corruption and issues such as funding to reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary bypass. (5) establish a sound internal control system of organization.

hdgfdg

相关百科

热门百科

首页
发表服务