亲爱的老师，同学们：
你们好！
中国人民永远也不会忘记，1937年7月7日日本帝国主义以士兵失踪为借口，发动了震惊中外的卢沟桥事变，从此，中国人民走上了艰难的抗战征程；中国人民永远也不会忘记一个又一个不平等的条约，使中国从一个泱泱大国变成了一只任人宰割的肥羊。中国人民不会忘记，八国联军火烧圆明园，让这座世界上最辉煌壮丽的建筑顷刻间变成一片焦土和瓦砾。中国人民永远不会忘记，有多少志士任人，多少革命先辈抛头颅，撒热血，以钢铁般的意志和无所畏惧的气概，以顽强不屈的精神和众志成城的力量战胜了帝国主义。
沧海桑田，风雨坎坷，伟大的祖国历尽磨难。我们肩负着跨世纪的历史使命，我们不甘心落后于前人，我们要继承和发扬先行者留给我们不怕困难，开括前进的大无畏精神。
少年兴则国兴，少年强则国强。我们要适应时代发展的要求，正确认识祖国的历史与未来，热爱祖国的大好河山。祖国的领土不能丢，不能被分裂侵占。
历史的书面仍在不倦地翻动，复兴中华民族的历史呼吁在古老版图上回荡不息，那雄浑的声音使每颗灼热的心为之震撼。用我们的智慧和勇气扬起理想的风帆！用我们的青春和热血谱写出前不负于古人，后无愧于千秋万代的历史新篇章！
鲁迅先生曾经说过：中华民族自古以来就有埋头苦干的人，就有拼命硬干的人，就有舍身求法的人，就有为民请命的人------他们是中国的脊梁。一切探索救国救民的先辈们是中国的脊梁，伟大的抗战英雄是中国的脊梁，而我们，必将成为新世纪复兴中华民族的脊梁，就是因为有这么多的脊梁，中国才会有振兴的一日！
多了你看着删吧
英语词汇学毕业论文写一些创新的题目，我就写的网络词汇。当时也不懂，导师逼得紧，还是学姐介绍的莫文网，效率很高的说
英语词汇教学中母语翻译的作用
多模态理论在高中英语词汇教学中的应用
初中英语词汇教学现状调查研究——以济南市三所初中为例
小学英语词汇情境教学模式研究
语块理论指导下的高中英语词汇教学实验研究
我国英语词汇学的溯源辨流
词块法在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究
初中英语词汇教学中的文化迁移
概念隐喻在高中英语词汇教学中的运用
记忆技巧在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究——以郑州一中为例
英语词汇教学的认知语境研究
词块理论在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究
直接拼读法在小学英语词汇教学中的应用研究
基于图式理论的高中英语词汇教学的实证研究
模因论在高中英语词汇教学中的应用
概念隐喻理论与初中英语词汇教学研究——以漳州三中九年级英语词汇教学为例
任务型教学模式视域下农村高中男生英语词汇量扩大研究
初中英语词汇学习中的母语负迁移现象探究
文学名著阅读在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究
初中英语词汇概念加工的具身特征与教学启示
多模态教学对英语词汇习得效果的实证研究
英语词汇教学“石化”消解研究——基于兰盖克语法理论的分析
认知语法理论指导下的高中英语词汇教学研究
高中英语词汇教学中的问题及对策研究
基于频率作用的大学英语词汇教学模式研究
一。The Development of English Vocabulary
There are about one million English words in all. English is also an international language in this society. You can see English words almost every where, even in non-English-spoken countries.
How does English come into being? Why it has so many vocabularies? In the following passage, I will give you a general picture about these two questions.
The English people are of a mixed blood. The early inhabitants of the island we now call England were Britons, but in fact all the races were the invaders came from Europe. Nobody knows very much about Britain before the Romans came during the first century BC, but there had been at least three invasions before that. The first of these was by a dark-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians. The other two were by Celtic tribes: one is Gaels, whose descendants are the modern Scots and Irish; another is the Britons, who gave their name to the whole island of Britain. These were the people whom the Romans conquered. The Romans gave the Britons a good deal of their civilization. Then at the beginning of the fifth century Britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern Europe: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. These three tribes merged into one people, and the three dialects they spoke naturally grew into a single language, the English language.
But at first, the English word made up of only a small part of native words and some borrowed words. The native words were the core words of English. According to a kind of classification of language, English is classified as a Teutonic language, which is a Germanic language. To be more exact, English belongs to the low West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. Because of the complex history of Briton, the language of English is of a mixed character. On one hand, it shares with West Germanic languages many common words and similar grammatical structures. On the other hand, more than half of the English vocabulary is derived from Latin and French. Besides, English has accepted words from other languages of the world in the course of its historical development.
The history of English language is divided into three periods:
1. the old English period ( from 450AD to 1150 AD )
2. the middle English period ( from 1150AD to 1500AD )
3. the modern English period ( from 1500AD up to now )
As I mentioned above, in fact, that there is also a period we can call it the pre-old English period, which includes the Celts, the Scottish and Irish races and culture, and also Welsh race and culture were brought by the Celts. Then the Romans brought Latin alphabet and civilization to this land. After these two were the formation of the Anglo-Saxons people, which is the original English race and language.
Old English consists mainly about the native language of Anglo-Saxons people. The period from 450AD to 1150AD is known as the old English period, and it is also been called Anglo-Saxons period. It is described as the period of full inflections, since during most of this period the case endings of the noun, the adjective, and the conjugation of the verb were not weakened. Also during this period, when the Norman Conquest in 1066AD brought French to England, and much of the English vocabulary was replaced by words borrowed from French and Latin.
Old English is a synthetic language. (There are two classes of languages in the world: synthetic and analytic. A synthetic language is one which shows the relation of words in a sentence largely by means of inflections. An analytic language is one which indicates the relation of words in a sentence by means of word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs, rather than by inflections.) Old English nouns and adjectives have four cases: the nominative case, the genitive case, the dative case and the accusative case. Apart from these four cases, Latin nouns have the ablative and locative cases.
Middle English period is from 1150AD to 1500AD. During this period the inflections which had begun to break down towards the end of the old English period, became greatly reduced, and it is known as the period of leveled inflections. The Norman Conquer was the cause of this change. The change of this period had a great effect on both grammar and vocabulary. In grammar English has changed from a highly inflected language to an analytic language. In this period many old English words were lost, but thousands of words borrowed from French and Latin appeared in the English vocabulary. French influence on the English vocabulary is much more direct and observable. The number of French words that came into English was very numerous. More than half of the English vocabulary is derived from Latin.
Modern English period is from 1500 to the present. A large part of the original inflectional system has disappeared, and it is known as the period of lost inflections. We may divide this period into two parts: the early Modern English period and the Late Modern English period.
The early modern English period extends from 1500AD to 1700AD. The chief influence of this time was the great humanistic movement of the Renaissance. In this period the study of the Latin and Greek classics was stressed, so the influence of Latin and Greek on English was great.
The late modern English period started after 1700AD. The eighteenth century in England was a time of stabilizing and purifying the English language. The publication in 1755AD of A Dictionary of the English Language edited by Samuel Johnson was a typical example of consolidating and purifying the English language in this period. He set a standard for using English words in spelling, meaning and usage. In the eighteenth century French greatly influenced English. The number of French words in the period from 1650AD to 1800AD increased rapidly. Such as: ballet, cartoon, champagne, cohesion, dentist, patrol, publicity, routing, etc.
Meanwhile the territorial expansion of the English empire in this period resulted in the expansion of the English vocabulary. Thus, there are many words flow into English vocabulary, which includes American Indian words, Mexican words, Peru words, Brazil words, India and African words.
The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a period of rapid expansion for the English vocabulary in the history of the English language. In this period many changes have taken place. Especially the great development of science and technology is reflected in the English vocabulary.
Besides, the great changes in industry, in political and social lives, in sports and amusements all have contributed a great deal to the English vocabulary.
Since the Second World War the English vocabulary has been affected powerfully by social, political, economic, especially scientific and technical changes. The English vocabulary not only changes, but also changes quickly in this period. Thousands of new words are added, existing words acquire new meaning and old words die out.
Till now, the English vocabulary is still changing, some words come out and some die out. In a word, as society is constantly in a state of development, so is language. Society depends on language for its existence. As society develops new objects are created that require the invention of new words and expressions. Therefore, the changing of English vocabulary is an endless changing process.
Bibliography:
陆国强，published in 1999，
Modern English Lexicology (new edition)
Adams, Valerie, published in1982,
An Introduction to Modern English Word-formation
戴炜栋，published in 2002，
A New Concise Course on Linguistics for Students of English
朱永涛，published in 1997，
The Society and Culture of Major English-speaking Countries
林承璋，published in 1987，
An Introduction to English Lexicology
也可以写广告中的词汇特点：
The Lexical Features of Advertisement on Newspaper
Newspapers are generally the cheapest way to reach a mess audiences,and the timing is fast.Adverments make an important part on English Newspaper.We live in a world of advertising.Advertising provides a valuable service to society and its members,because it defines for consumers the meaning and the role of products,services and institutions.Newspaper advertisements’ main text use words for the spread of vector,and must must be simple eye-catching,because of the layout of resources.To some extent,the newspaper advertisements content mainly rely on language to express.Advertising language ,playing a role of communication and persuasion,has developed its own features.Naturally,advertisements in English have become an important means of communicating ideas,demoinstrating a variety of linguistic features of its own.The present study discusses some lexical features of English advertisement texts.
ⅠChoose the simple words
Advertiment language must be easily understood terms so that readers can get information as soon as possible.In advertising,simple words can win the consumers by their exact,effective expression an d a kind of closeness.E.g.
① Take time.Any time.
Continuous using two “time” can make the language simple and clear.
② Once tasted,always loved.
The article should be clearly and concisly understood in order to arouse the interest of customers on food which make them mouth-watering.
③ My goodness!My Guinness!
Common language facilitate people to memory and speak,this reproduce the scene of people driking the Guinness beer which is full of praise.
ⅡFrequent Employment of Simple Verbs
Simple verbs are frequently employed in English advertisements, which is an obvious wording characteristics of English advertising texts.Verbs are the most important part of language.It is a prominent feature in adervertising english that verbs are regularly used for the ultimate goal of advertising ,which is to enable consumers to buy their goods.So in terms of the using of words,dynamic and strong word will produce a better feeling effects.Verbs can be used to “touch”the consumer's heart.In this way,they will have impules to buy the goods.E.g.
① Drink Coca-Cola.
② I want you to sponsor a Rice Paddy Baby.
③ For incredible speed and accuracy, try the Minolta 7000, the world’s first body-integral auto-focus SLR.
In the above examples, “try”,”sponsor” and “drink”are to fulfill the “get action” requirement seem more euphemistic and even more attractive.
④ Get noticed. Get results.
⑤ Feel the Hyatt Touch.
⑥ Send today for your free sample, and try the new flavor.
After reading the above ads, we feel encouraged to take buying action or make repeated purchases. The active voice doesn’t force people to take the passive action while it makes people feel that they do something of their own accord.
Ⅲ. Adjectives
⑴It is hard for us to think of any really persuasive message without the use of descriptive and vivid adjectives. Copywriters like to use a large number of adjectives not only to describe the quality and features of the products or services, but to a great extent to praise and beautify them.
E.g.
For people who care about their bodies, Dairy Farm brings fresh skimmed milk. With almost no fat, it keeps your body fit inside and outside, fresh skimmed milk. Fresh Dairy Farm.
The adjective “fresh” in Example appears three times to emphasize how fresh the product is, making its quality particularly attractive. And the adjective “fit” points out the remarkable function of the product.
⑵The copywriter tends to select the superlative or comparative forms of adjectives that carry positive meanings so as to make a comparison and stress the wonderful qualities of the advertised product. E.g.
① Using Dove, I do feel 20 years younger.
“Younger” just emphasizes the magic power of the product.
② Discover the season’s newest splendor.
The word “newest” , which is an advertisement of a kind of perfume, means “fashionable to the highest degree”.
Of course, the advertisers must make sure that the advertised goods or services are actually the best in the same category.Sometimes people do not know how superb the goods or the services are in quality. Anyhow, people tend to believe what is said in advertisements.
Ⅳ.New Words Constantly Appear
In order to attract people’s attention, copywriters like to create some new words which are more active. The new words are mainly used for truthfulness, humor or emphasis in English advertising texts. E.g.
① Surefit Shoe Ltd.
“Surefit” is a new word which makes consurms thing of a sentence”Surely to fit your feet”.That means the shoes are fot for your feet.
② Give a Timex to all, and to all a good time.
The well-known watch brand “Timex” is a variation of “Time + Excellent”, which persuasively shows the merit of the watch brand. Thus, brand names get and retain a unique image.
Ⅴ.Pronous
Pronouns of the first and second person: we, I and you outnumber the other pronouns in advertisements. It is because that you, we and I help create a friend-like intimate atmosphere to move and persuade the audience. The audience will easily accept a product, a service or an idea as if a good friend recommended them.Sometimes,we use infinitive pronouns,such as all,everyone,none,nothing and so on in order to feflect the extraordinary characteristics of a particular commodity or it has been spending and receiving most of people.E.g.
Our finest time.
It is about a well-known red wine.A pair of lover drink together at romantic atmosphere.
Ⅵ.Compound words
A compound word is often a noun or an adjective made up of two or more words which are frequently used to express more information in limited space. Especially,compound adjectives are often seen in advertisements.E.g.
Kodak Single-use-cameras take pictures where you wouldn’t normally take your camera.
It used the compound word skillfully and describe the capability and function of the product incisively and vividly.
Now we have briefly discussed the six wording characteristics of English advertisements. We have got to know that simple verbs and concise adjectives are very important words in English advertising, and that new words which are attractively used to stress the new and special qualities or functions of the advertised products. Language in advertising presents us with a colorful, interesting and wonderful world in order to serve the purpose of attracting advertising readers. Of course, besides the above features discussed in this study, there is much more for further study in advertising language.
小学英语词汇教学核心素养研究论文
摘要： 当今英语越来越受大家重视，对于英语教学对学生以及教师也有更高的要求。不仅仅要求学生对英语单词记忆理解，能够根据自然拼读的规则正确读出单词，还要培养学生的核心素养，培养学生的英语语言能力、思维能力等。在英语学习中的基础是英语词汇的记忆，自然拼读是一种重要的方法，有助于学生单词的记忆，从而培养学生学习英语的兴趣，促进小学英语的教学质量。本文对核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学的展开具体策略及意义进行了详细的阐述。
关键词： 核心素养；自然拼读；小学；英语词汇教学
自然拼读法是根据学生比较熟悉的汉语拼音的规律演化而成的，在不借助国际音标的条件下，学生根据单词的字母的组合就能准确读出单词，然后再进行拼写。是总结了26个字母的发音规律，学生熟悉掌握后看到单词就能够会读，听到单词就会快速准确地拼写出来。能够帮助学生学习英语单词的记忆和学生读单词时的发音，培养学生的核心素养。自然拼读法现在越来受广大师生的欢迎，能够帮助学生快速准确的记忆单词，提高学生自主学习的能力，帮助学生培养英语的听、说、读、写能力，提高学生的学习效率。并且还丰富了教师的教学方法，提高小学英语的教学质量，推动英语教育的发展，从而号召核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中的开展。
一、核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中的开展意义
(一)发挥汉语拼音的正迁移作用。由于各国的语言具有互通性，汉语拼音与英语的发音有很多相似的地方，可以根据汉语拼音来帮助学生对英语单词进行朗读记忆。对于小学生来说，在入学开始就进行汉语拼音的练习，能够让其熟悉掌握，在此基础上能够帮助学生记忆单词，在巩固汉语拼音的同时，还培养了学生的核心素养中的语言学习掌握的技巧。
(二)避免学习国际音标带来的干扰。虽然国际音标也有助于学生学习英语，但是国际音标必须要掌握48个音标，记忆量较大，对于小学生来说难度比较大，给学生带来负担。除此之外，它与学生已经掌握的知识联系不大，学习起来会花费学生大量时间。但是掌握自然拼读法就可以结合学生熟悉的知识，避免学习国际音标带来的干扰，减轻学生的负担。
(三)提高学生记忆单词的效率。核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中的展开，改变了学生以往死记硬背的学习方法，使学生能够灵活的记忆英语词汇，锻炼学生英语的听、说、读、写能力，培养学生核心素养中的语言表达能力、学生的学习能力等。核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中的展开有助于将学生词汇的读与写相结合、阅读与记忆相结合，从而提高小学英语的教学质量。
二、核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中开展的具体策略
(一)音形对应教学原理。英语教师在课上向学生传授自然拼读法时，首先要求学生结合汉语拼音的知识将44个因素之间的组合发音的一些规律以及规则都掌握，然后让学生结合简单的单词进行训练，开始能够读出单词，逐渐延展教学，帮助学生进行阅读理解。但是，在教学中教师应该注意适当的方法，根据小学生本身的特点可核心素养下自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中的开展张飞乐(陕西省西安市雁塔区翠华路小学曲江分校710061)以适当的采取一些趣味教学方法。例如，教师可以设置适当的、符合教学内容的情境教学，让学生进行英语对话，教师再仔细观察学生的理解能力。学生因为感兴趣而能够积极踊跃的参加到教学中，并且在轻松愉快的过程中了解并掌握词汇，还培养学生的核心素养中的语言表达能力、沟通能力、逻辑思维等能力，提高学生学习英语的信心，促进英语教学的有效开展。
(二)趣味性教学方法。兴趣是学习一切的动力，教师在教学中采取趣味性教学的方法，让学生积极踊跃的投身到自然拼读法的学习中去，在轻松愉悦中学习，能够达到事半功倍的效果。根据小学生贪玩的特点，教师可以将自然拼读法融入到学习中。教师可以采用动作记忆的'方法、唱儿歌的方法、配图讲故事等方法。例如，在学习“a”的发音时，教师可以带领学生一起做动作，夸张动作，张大嘴发出“a、a、a”等声音，让学生感兴趣，积极参加练习。又如，教师在教小学英语“What’syourname?”一课时，教师可以利用多媒体为学生播放歌曲《Hello》，活跃课堂的学习氛围，利用轻松越快的歌曲可以消除学生学习自然拼读法的枯燥，集中学生的记忆力，在这种氛围下，教师再引导学生用自然拼读法去学习课文，记忆课文中的词汇，提高学生的学习能力，从而提高小学英语的教学效率。
(三)通过音形的理解展开拼读、拼写教学。自然拼读法是根据小学生已经熟悉掌握的汉语拼音演化形成的，所以教师在教学中也可以利用这一特点，通过开展拼读、拼写教学，将单词字母、读音相结合进行教学。学生在学习过程中要学会举一反三，通过一个拼读法能够根据规律来学习其他词汇的读法，让学生告别死记硬背的词汇记忆方法。例如，教师在教学生“u”的发音时，教师可以将单词进行分类，给学生举例说明，举例：book、look、good等单词，让学生朗读体会“u”的发音，鼓励学生大声朗读，教师也要及时纠正学生的错误发音，提高学生的学习效率，减少学生的负担。教师可以结合游戏进行教学，帮助学生记忆，并且及时进行复习，延缓学生的遗忘时间。
三、总结
综上所述，在英语的学习过程中，记忆单词的方法非常重要，教师应该引导学生掌握自然拼读法，让学生掌握有效、高效的记忆方法。学生在学习过程中能够熟悉掌握词汇，最终让学生能够在学习中灵活运用词汇，在学习中教师再结合一定的练习，及时巩固记忆词汇，让学生养成运用自然拼读法见到单词会读，听到词汇会拼写的能力，从而培养学生核心素养中的英语沟通能力、交流能力等。自然拼读在小学英语词汇教学中的开展，可以有效提高英语教学质量，促进英语学习效率。
参考文献：
[1]杨赛泳.小学英语自然拼读中核心素养的培养[J].新课程(小学)，2017(10):92+94.
[2]石霞，刘美秀.自然拼读法在小学英语教学中的应用探究[J].中学生英语，2018(02):37.
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