Shanxi Province is located in China's western region, In recent years, with the support of the country's western development aid policy and own resources and environmental advantages. By increasing the strength of the economic structural adjustment, prompting producer services has been development. However, compared with the developed areas, it remains at a low level. This article will explore the Shaanxi province producer services impacts of manufacturing productivity. Based on the data of Shanxi province from 2004 to 2012, using panel model, and controlling other economic variables, we tested the degree that the producer services impacts the productivity of the manufacturing industry. The empirical results show that the development of producer services not directly stimulate the industry to enhance the level of efficiency, but improve the manufacturing efficiency by moderating effect, Scientific research and Integrated Technical Services, Transport, Storage, Post and Telecommunications two industries both to the relationship between the level of economic development 、technological innovation capability and manufacturing productivity has significant moderating effect. As Shanxi Province using traditional producer services, so the moderating effect of the relationship between human capital and manufacturing efficiency, the relationship between Finance and insurance and manufacturing efficiency was not significant. Finally, we provide the corresponding countermeasures to enhance the manufacturing productivity industry through developing producer services.
Key Words: Producer Services; manufacturing productivity; moderating effect
Market Research and Export Promotion
Export Marketing Plan
The marking plan is the basis on which all the overseas promotion is formulated. To devise the marketing plan involves reconciling the export strategies and objectives of the manufacturer into marketing terms.The marketing plan embraces many elements including market research project, promotion/advertising details, products involved and their quantity available, distribution arrangements and total volume/value of goods Where relevant, various costing information should be included, particularly the research and advertising budget. Overall; the plan must be realistic and should have a clear sense of purpose and direction
Export Market Research
Before making goods for a new overseas market, as in the home trade, it is necessary to discover first of all if the goods can be sold profitably in that market. To answer that question is one of the objects of market research. Export market research, in particular, is a study of a given market abroad to determine the needs of that market and the methods by which the products; can best be supplied. It may be carried out to determine:
1. If a new product likely to find a market.
2. Whether an established product is likely to meet with a good demand in a new market. 3.Why sales of a product have declined, either generally or in a certain area Here, in this chapter is laid on the first point: Market research is vital to success in overseas Markets To look for a suitable market an exporter must consider, for example:
1.Political and Economic Conditions Countries with different political and economic systems take different attitudes toward foreign
trade business.Their policies and regulations concerning import and export，foreign exchange control，customs, duties and other tariffs will greatly affect the suitability for a new market.
2.Physical and Climatic Conditions The suitability of his products: heavy clothing is not worn in hot climates; mountaineering equipment would not be in demand in a flat country.
3. Social Conditions
If there is a low standard．of living with poor wage levels, there nay be no market for television sets or cars or luxury products. It may be desirable, even necessary,for price lists and sales promotion literature to be translated into a local language,with local units of measurement
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and of the survey questionnaire and in the interviewing process. Surveys may be very expensive,
and they are time--consuming: Another key weakness is that respondents often cannot or will not
give true answers.
The interviewing in the survey may be done by the researcher in person, by telephone, or by
mail.
1.Personal Interviews
Personal interviews are more flexible than the other two types because interviews can alter
the questions to fit-the situation as they see it: They
are able to probe snore deeply if an answer is not satisfactory. Ordinarily, it is possible to
obtain more information by personal interview .than by telephone: or mail. Also, the interview
can by observation; obtain data regarding the respondents'socioeconomic status-their
home ,neighborhood, and apparent standard of living.
The major limitations of this method of interviewing are its relative high cost, the length of
time needed to conduct the survey, and the chance of introducing ,errors during the interviewing.
2. Telephone Survey
In a telephone survey, the respondent, is approached by telephone, and
interview is
completed at that time. Telephone surveys can usually be conducted more rapidly and at less cost
than either personal or mail surveys. Tele: phone surveys are lees flexible than personal
Interviews, but more flexible than mail survey. Another significant advantage is that a
telephone. survey -may be timely. For instance, people may be asked whether they are watching
television at the moment and; if so, the name of the program and the sponsor. One limitation of
the telephone survey is that interviews must be short: Lengthy interviews cannot be conducted
satisfactorily over the phone.
3.Interviewing by Mail
Interviewing by mail involves mailing a questionnaire to potential respondents and having
them return the completed form by mail. Mailed questionnaires ape more economical than
personal interviews and are particularly useful in national surveys,Also, if the respondents
remain anonymous, they are more likely to give true answers because they do not feel the need
to impress the interviewer.
A major problem with mail' questionnaires is the Compilation of a good mailing list,
especially for a broad-scale survey. If the sample can be drawn from a limited list, such as
property taxpayers in certain counties or subscribers to a magazine, the list presents no
problem.Another significant limitation concerns the reliability of the questionnaire returns,
Particularly when the returns are-anonymous. If the respondents have characteristics that
6
differentiate them from nonrespondents, the survey results will be invalid. Further,the
questionnaire must be reasonably shorted the questions very simple; there is no to explain in a
puzzling question. Ideally
:Yes.'' or“No" or pre
choice type of :produces the best results.
Here is an example:
Questionnaire for Market
＿
Research on
Smoking
A. Do you smoke cigarettes? Yes/No (If No,terminate)
B How. many do you smoke a day?
C. What size of cigarette do you smoke ? Mini ,Standard ,Large
D. Do you smoke filter tips.? Yes/No
E. Do you smoke menthol cigarettes?
一
Yes/No
Observational Method
In
the
observational
method,
the
data
are
collected
by
observing
some
action
of
the
respondent: No interviews are involved, although an interview may be used as a follow-up to-get
additional
information.
For
instance,if
customers
are
observed
buying
beer
in
cans
instead
of
bottles; they may be asked; why they prefer that one form of packaging to the other.
Information
may
be
gathered
by
personal
or
mechanical
observation.
In
one
form
of
personal observation the researcher poses as a customer in a store. This technique is useful in
getting information about the caliber of the -sales people
，
or in determining what brands they
push.
Mechanical
observation
is
illustrated
by
an
electric
cord
stretched
across
a
high
way
to
count the
number
一
of cars that pass during a certain time period
The observation method has several merits. It can be highly accurate
．
Often it removes a11
doubt about what the customer does in: a given, situation. The consumers are unaware that they
are being observed; so presumably they action theft usual fashion.
The observation technique reduces interviewer bias. However, the possibility of bias is not-
completely eliminated as long as people are used as :observers. Another disadvantage is that the
technique is limited in its application. Observation tells what happened; but it cannot tell why. It
cannot delve into motives, attitudes,or opinions.
Experimental Method
The experimental method of gathering primary data involves the establishment of a
controlled experiment that stimulates the real market situation as much as possible. The theory is
that' the small-scale experiment will furnish valuable information f tar designing a large scale
marketing program.
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The experimental method may be used in several different ways. In one instance, a firm
may manufacture a few units of a product and give them to employees or consumers to try out:
Probably the major application of the experimental method has been in market testing. This
technique consist establishing a control market, in which all factors remain constant and one or
more test markets,in which one factor is varied. A firm may be trying to determine whether to
change the color of its package.In city A, the product is marketed in its traditional color. In each
of cities B, C, and D, a different color is used. All other factor are kept constant. By measuring
sales in the four market over a period of time;
．
the manufacturer, hopes to determine which color
is most effective.
The outstanding merit of the experimental method is it realism. It is the only one of the
three methods of gathering primary data that stimulate an actual maket situation. The problem is
that it is expensive.It requires long periods of careful planning and administration.
Analyze the Data and Prepare a Report
The final steps in market research project are to analyze the data and interpret the findings.
Information gathered from market research is a guide to the invention
，
production and sales of
the products for which there is a market. Today sophisticated electronic data processing
equipment enables a researcher to tabulate and analyze masses of data quickly, and
inexpensively.
The end product of the investigation is the researcher's conclusion and recommendations,
submitted, in written form on which the company's policy and proceedings concerning export
promotion are based.
Export Promotion-Advertising
After deciding there are good prospects, for his goods abroad through the study of the
market research investigation, the maker or the exporter will, of course; take measures to
promote, exporting of the goods to that market. A most important measure in this respect is to
advertise; the aid to trade that deals with the problem of giving information about the goods and
0helps to put
buyers and sellers in touch with one another.
By means of advertisements a supplier, tells
people what goods he has for sale and emphasizes their good points in the hope that people will
buy them. Advertising can, be undertaken by the company's sales or publicity department; or an
advertising agcy is to be
．
engaged as an adviser.
Purpose of Advertising
1.To Inform
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Advertising can be used to place facts before public. An advertisement for a car may
include some technical details, so that part of the advertisement is informative. Another
advertisement may be .entirely informative,such as the
announcement of the opening of a new
shop.2 To Persuade although the advertisement for the car may give some facts, its over-all
objective is to persuade people to buy the car. To do this various subtle methods may be used.
The illustration, for instance; may give an exaggerated impression of
the car's power The
wording and the lay-out
may be designed to appeal to the emotion rather than the mind: If you
study some advertisement for practical products, you will find that they contain little or no
technical information. One would not expect to find a .scientific analysis in an' advertisement for
a cake of toilet soap, of course, but an examination of advertisement for. medicinal goods will
show that the appeal is mainly to the emotions.3: To Remind Some advertisements aim merely to
keep the name of :the product before the public. A newspaper advertisement may consist of only
a picture of a packet of cigarettes; a bus may carry,the name of an insurance company; a poster
may display a well-known advertising phrase. They say nothing but serve a useful. purpose in
constantly reminding the public of, the, name of the product
Advertising Media
The term "media" means the forms used 'to carry advertisement. The choice of media
depends upon the product and the audience the advertisement is aimed at For example, very few
people are interested in coins. A coin dealer would want to appeal to that small number of people
and to no one else. He would therefore advertise in a magazine which most coin enthusiasts
read.
The cost of advertising in newspapers large depends upon the circulation of each
newspaper.If a newspaper sells a million copies, it is possible (although not probable) that a
million people will read an advertisement in it. Some
pages in a newspaper are more expensive
to advertise in than are others, because most people will read the general news pages but only
some will
the pages devoted to sport, fashion, the arts; etc. Different
一
types of people read
different newspapers, so an advertiser will use those papers whose readers are likely to be
possible buyers of his products. For example, an art gallery would not advertise in a "popular"
news paper because few of its readers would be likely to be visitors to art galleries.
2 Magazines
The same principles about which media to use also apply to magazines. There are
magazines which men read, those which women read and those which both read. Within each
9
group there is specialization, so that one magazine will be read by one "social group" and not by
another.
3. Radio and Television
These are the most
、
expensive of advertising media. A broadcast at a "peak time"will be
heard or seen by millions of people: If only a tiny fraction of them respond, the huge cost twill
have been justified. One reason for the success of such advertising is that it is difficult to ignore.
A broadcast will be heard: or seen by everyone using a radio or television set; even if only
subconsciously, it will make an impression. On the other hand, when you read a newspaper or a
magazine you will not even notice most of the advertisements
A radio or television advertisement must make an instant appeal. There may be only 30
seconds to get the message across; so its impacts
must be immediate.
4 Outdoor Advertising
This includes posters, advertisements on vans and buses and in trains. The message must be
simple and short, perhaps with an immediately recognizable illustration.
Selection of Customers-Credit information
Once the overseas' market has been found, the next step is to look for suitable customers
with whom the maker or exporter expects to establish good business relationships. Undoubtedly,
he wishes to deal with those customers of high credit standing, and that is one of the chief factors
to consider at the tune of setting up new business connections.The information about the credit
or financial standing of an overseas trader can be obtained from various sources. They are
chiefly banks, trade associations professional credit information services, and consulates abroad.
Upon application for or on receipt of letters asking for the credit standing of the foreign trader in
question these organizations are willing to provide,
without any responsibility on their part,a credit or financial report on the trader, which is
usually considered as private and confidential. The report is based on the relative references,
files, and records they have kept or on the result of an investigation made accordingly. In view of
the financial or credit status stated or recommended in the report alongside of other factors the
maker .or manufacturer may freely consider the intended customer acceptable or not.
As everyone knows, the audit of CPA has become the whole social economic supervision system is an indispensable important part in such a great environment, accounting firms have become social and economic development services indispensable role. At present, in the service of Henan province most industrial and commercial enterprises accounting firm for the vast majority of small and medium-sized accounting firm. Therefore, visible in small and medium-sized accounting firm in the development of social economy of Henan province service work importance. This paper combines with the author 's small CPA firm 's actual situation, on small firms in the human resources management in humanistic management advantages and disadvantages in the aspects of the analysis and the discussion.
When it comes to humane management of the pros and cons, on one hand, any enterprises toward standardization development and promotion, it should not be, or should abandon the humanity this undesirable management way, replace sb. Is scientific and normalized management system ; on the other hand, under the influence of traditional Chinese culture : " employees first" and " people-oriented" as many companies advocating humane management concept, but in real work," people first " and " people-oriented" but there are a lot of places not just as one wishes, managers should be how to define "staff first " and " people-oriented" in the actual operation, how to correctly grasp the "staff the first" and " people-oriented" humane management, combined with the actual spread out to this problem were analyzed and discussed.
我的论文摘要就是用360浏览器上的‘有道翻译’翻译的，一般来说只要通顺的话，就不会有太大问题，老师不太会来看你的英文摘要的啦！！！
我帮你用翻译器翻译一下哈，这些都不是我翻译的哦，而是直接从翻译器上复制下来的。。。
The graduation design is mainly to the rotation of the spot diagram of progressive study way, and will the results applied to the specific image rotation.The research content involves
coordinate transform principle, image edge detection and computer geometry some of the content. Some figure rotation in image registration this field of vital significance.
Some figure rotation way including origin rotating, rotating central and arbitrary point rotation. Some figure origin of the principle of coordinate transformation of rotating use: first, to get what rotation matrix on the drawing, and then point every point coordinates times the matrix can get rotated point coordinates. Some figure of the process of rotating central on original image is first the all point to the center of the coordinates minus again, finally the coordinate transformation will get all the point coordinates the coordinates. Add center The spot diagram of an arbitrary point rotation method and the method of rotating central to the center of the same, but will coordinate change at any point coordinates.
In specific image rotation, rotated image will have some deformation, its reason says simple point is pixels integer and produced some blank points. To improve the quality of image rotation in spinning process of calculation and the interpolation point blank stuffed.
